More WIP

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Elias Schneider <login@eliasschneider.com>

.devcontainer/devcontainer.json

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
   "name": "pocket-id",
   "image": "mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/typescript-node:1-22-bookworm",
   "features": {
-    "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/go:1": {}
+    "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/go:1": {
+      "version": "1.26"
+    }
   },
   "customizations": {
     "vscode": {

.dockerignore

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-node_modules
+**/node_modules
 
 # Output
 .output

.env.example

@@ -1,5 +1,17 @@
 # See the documentation for more information: https://pocket-id.org/docs/configuration/environment-variables
+
+# These variables must be configured for your deployment:
 APP_URL=https://your-pocket-id-domain.com
+
+# Encryption key (choose one method):
+# Method 1: Direct key (simple but less secure)
+# Generate with: openssl rand -base64 32
+ENCRYPTION_KEY=
+# Method 2: File-based key (recommended)
+# Put the base64 key in a file and point to it here.
+# ENCRYPTION_KEY_FILE=/path/to/encryption_key
+
+# These variables are optional but recommended to review:
 TRUST_PROXY=false
 MAXMIND_LICENSE_KEY=
 PUID=1000

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.yml

@@ -36,13 +36,29 @@ body:
       value: |
         ### Additional Information
   - type: textarea
-    id: extra-information
+    id: version
     validations:
       required: true
     attributes:
-      label: "Version and Environment"
-      description: "Please specify the version of Pocket ID, along with any environment-specific configurations, such your reverse proxy, that might be relevant."
+      label: "Pocket ID Version"
+      description: "Please specify the version of Pocket ID."
       placeholder: "e.g., v0.24.1"
+  - type: textarea
+    id: database
+    validations:
+      required: true
+    attributes:
+      label: "Database"
+      description: "Please specify the database in use: SQLite or Postgres (including version)."
+      placeholder: "e.g., SQLite or Postgres 17"
+  - type: textarea
+    id: environment
+    validations:
+      required: true
+    attributes:
+      label: "OS and Environment"
+      description: "Please include the OS, whether you're using containers (Docker, Podman, etc) along with any environment-specific configurations, such your reverse proxy, that might be relevant."
+      placeholder: "e.g., Docker on Ubuntu 24.04, served using Traefik"
   - type: textarea
     id: log-files
     validations:

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature.yml

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 name: 🚀 Feature
 description: "Submit a proposal for a new feature"
 title: "🚀 Feature: "
-type: 'Feature'
+type: "Feature"
+labels: ["needs more upvotes"]
 body:
   - type: textarea
     id: feature-description

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -1,12 +1,83 @@
-# To get started with Dependabot version updates, you'll need to specify which
-# package ecosystems to update and where the package manifests are located.
-# Please see the documentation for more information:
-# https://docs.github.com/github/administering-a-repository/configuration-options-for-dependency-updates
-# https://containers.dev/guide/dependabot
-
 version: 2
+
+multi-ecosystem-groups:
+  all-dependencies:
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+      day: "friday"
+      time: "17:00"
+      timezone: "Europe/Zurich"
+    labels:
+      - "dependencies"
+    open-pull-requests-limit: 2
+    pull-request-branch-name:
+      separator: "-"
+    commit-message:
+      prefix: "chore"
+      include: "scope"
+
 updates:
- - package-ecosystem: "devcontainers"
-   directory: "/"
-   schedule:
-     interval: weekly
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    patterns: ["*"]
+    multi-ecosystem-group: "all-dependencies"
+    ignore:
+      - dependency-name: "*"
+        update-types: ["version-update:semver-major"]
+    cooldown:
+      default-days: 7
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "gomod"
+    directory: "/backend"
+    patterns: ["*"]
+    multi-ecosystem-group: "all-dependencies"
+    ignore:
+      - dependency-name: "*"
+        update-types: ["version-update:semver-major"]
+    cooldown:
+      default-days: 7
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "npm"
+    directory: "/"
+    patterns: ["*"]
+    multi-ecosystem-group: "all-dependencies"
+    versioning-strategy: "increase-if-necessary"
+    ignore:
+      - dependency-name: "*"
+        update-types: ["version-update:semver-major"]
+    cooldown:
+      default-days: 7
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "docker"
+    directories:
+      - "/docker"
+      - "/tests/setup"
+    patterns: ["*"]
+    multi-ecosystem-group: "all-dependencies"
+    ignore:
+      - dependency-name: "*"
+        update-types: ["version-update:semver-major"]
+    cooldown:
+      default-days: 7
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "docker-compose"
+    directories:
+      - "/"
+      - "/tests/setup"
+    patterns: ["*"]
+    multi-ecosystem-group: "all-dependencies"
+    ignore:
+      - dependency-name: "*"
+        update-types: ["version-update:semver-major"]
+    cooldown:
+      default-days: 7
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "devcontainers"
+    directory: "/"
+    patterns: ["*"]
+    multi-ecosystem-group: "all-dependencies"
+    ignore:
+      - dependency-name: "*"
+        update-types: ["version-update:semver-major"]
+    cooldown:
+      default-days: 7

.github/pull_request_template.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+## What does this PR do?
+
+## Screenshots
+
+## AI Usage
+
+## Contributing Guidelines
+
+Have you read the [Contributing Guidelines](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md)?
+
+- [ ] If I'm implementing a new feature, I have opened an issue first, or commented on an existing one, to discuss the implementation details.
+- [ ] I have read the [AI Usage Guidelines](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#ai-usage-policy).

.github/workflows/backend-linter.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ on:
     paths:
       - "backend/**"
   pull_request:
-    branches: [main]
+    branches: [main, breaking/**]
     paths:
       - "backend/**"
 
@@ -17,24 +17,25 @@ permissions:
   pull-requests: read
   # Optional: allow write access to checks to allow the action to annotate code in the PR.
   checks: write
+  id-token: write
 
 jobs:
   golangci-lint:
     name: Run Golangci-lint
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: depot-ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
         with:
           go-version-file: backend/go.mod
 
       - name: Run Golangci-lint
-        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@dec74fa03096ff515422f71d18d41307cacde373 # v7.0.0
+        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v9.3.0
         with:
-          version: v2.0.2
-          args: --build-tags=exclude_frontend
+          version: v2.12.2
+          args: --config=.golangci.yml
           working-directory: backend
           only-new-issues: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}

.github/workflows/build-next.yml

@@ -4,93 +4,89 @@ on:
   push:
     branches:
       - main
+  workflow_dispatch:
 
 concurrency:
   group: build-next-image
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  packages: write
+  id-token: write
+  attestations: write
+  artifact-metadata: write
+
 jobs:
   build-next:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      packages: write
-      id-token: write
-      attestations: write
+    runs-on: depot-ubuntu-latest
+
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Setup pnpm
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v5
+        with:
+          run_install: false
 
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
-          node-version: 22
-          cache: "npm"
-          cache-dependency-path: frontend/package-lock.json
+          node-version: 24
+          cache: pnpm
 
       - name: Setup Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
         with:
-          go-version-file: "backend/go.mod"
+          go-version-file: backend/go.mod
+          cache-dependency-path: backend/go.sum
 
-      - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+      - name: Set up Depot CLI
+        uses: depot/setup-action@v1
 
-      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
-
-      - name: Set DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME
-        run: |
-          # Lowercase REPO_OWNER which is required for containers
-          REPO_OWNER=${{ github.repository_owner }}
-          DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME="ghcr.io/${REPO_OWNER,,}/pocket-id"
-          echo "DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME=${DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME}" >>${GITHUB_ENV}
+      - name: Setup depot buildx driver
+        run: depot configure-docker
 
       - name: Login to GitHub Container Registry
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@v4.4.0
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
           password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
 
-      - name: Install frontend dependencies
-        working-directory: frontend
-        run: npm ci
-
-      - name: Build frontend
-        working-directory: frontend
-        run: npm run build
-
-      - name: Build binaries
-        run: sh scripts/development/build-binaries.sh --docker-only
-
-      - name: Build and push container image
-        id: build-push-image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+      - name: Login to Docker Hub
+        uses: docker/login-action@v4.4.0
         with:
-          context: .
-          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
-          push: true
-          tags: ${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}:next
-          file: Dockerfile-prebuilt
-      - name: Build and push container image (distroless)
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
-        id: container-build-push-distroless
+          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Run GoReleaser
+        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v7.2.3
         with:
-          context: .
-          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
-          push: true
-          tags: ${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}:next-distroless
-          file: Dockerfile-distroless
+          distribution: goreleaser-pro
+          version: "~> v2"
+          args: release --clean --skip=announce,validate --parallelism=4
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          BUILD_NEXT: "true"
+          SKIP_RELEASE: "true"
+          SKIP_CHANGELOG: "true"
+          GORELEASER_KEY: ${{ secrets.GORELEASER_KEY }}
+          MACOS_SIGN_P12: ${{ secrets.MACOS_SIGN_P12 }}
+          MACOS_SIGN_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.MACOS_SIGN_PASSWORD }}
+          MACOS_NOTARY_KEY: ${{ secrets.MACOS_NOTARY_KEY }}
+          MACOS_NOTARY_KEY_ID: ${{ secrets.MACOS_NOTARY_KEY_ID }}
+          MACOS_NOTARY_ISSUER_ID: ${{ secrets.MACOS_NOTARY_ISSUER_ID }}
+
+      - name: Binary attestation
+        uses: actions/attest@v4
+        with:
+          subject-checksums: ./dist/checksums.txt
+
       - name: Container image attestation
-        uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v2
+        uses: actions/attest@v4
         with:
-          subject-name: "${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}"
-          subject-digest: ${{ steps.build-push-image.outputs.digest }}
-          push-to-registry: true
-      - name: Container image attestation (distroless)
-        uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v2
-        with:
-          subject-name: "${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}"
-          subject-digest: ${{ steps.container-build-push-distroless.outputs.digest }}
-          push-to-registry: true
+          subject-checksums: ./dist/digests.txt

.github/workflows/e2e-tests.yml

@@ -1,237 +1,173 @@
 name: E2E Tests
 on:
   push:
-    branches: [main]
+    branches: [ main ]
     paths-ignore:
       - "docs/**"
       - "**.md"
       - ".github/**"
   pull_request:
-    branches: [main]
+    branches: [ main, breaking/** ]
     paths-ignore:
       - "docs/**"
       - "**.md"
       - ".github/**"
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  actions: write
+  id-token: write
+
 jobs:
-  build:
+  test:
     if: github.event.pull_request.head.ref != 'i18n_crowdin'
-    timeout-minutes: 20
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      actions: write
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: depot-ubuntu-24.04-32
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - db: sqlite
+            storage: filesystem
+          - db: postgres
+            storage: filesystem
+          - db: sqlite
+            storage: s3
+          - db: sqlite
+            storage: database
+          - db: postgres
+            storage: database
+
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
-      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+      - name: Setup pnpm
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v5
 
-      - name: Build and export
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
-          push: false
-          load: false
-          tags: pocket-id:test
-          outputs: type=docker,dest=/tmp/docker-image.tar
-          build-args: BUILD_TAGS=e2etest
-          cache-from: type=gha
-          cache-to: type=gha,mode=max
+          node-version: 24
+          cache: "pnpm"
 
-      - name: Upload Docker image artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: docker-image
-          path: /tmp/docker-image.tar
-          retention-days: 1
+      - name: Set up Depot CLI
+        uses: depot/setup-action@v1
 
-  test-sqlite:
-    if: github.event.pull_request.head.ref != 'i18n_crowdin'
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      actions: write
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: build
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
-        with:
-          node-version: 22
-          cache: "npm"
-          cache-dependency-path: frontend/package-lock.json
+      - name: Set up Depot Docker builder
+        run: depot configure-docker
 
       - name: Cache Playwright Browsers
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
         id: playwright-cache
         with:
           path: ~/.cache/ms-playwright
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-playwright-${{ hashFiles('frontend/package-lock.json') }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-playwright-
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-playwright-${{ hashFiles('pnpm-lock.yaml') }}
 
-      - name: Download Docker image artifact
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+      - name: Cache PostgreSQL Docker image
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        id: postgres-cache
         with:
-          name: docker-image
-          path: /tmp
-
-      - name: Load Docker image
-        run: docker load -i /tmp/docker-image.tar
-
-      - name: Cache LLDAP Docker image
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
-        id: lldap-cache
-        with:
-          path: /tmp/lldap-image.tar
-          key: lldap-stable-${{ runner.os }}
-
-      - name: Pull and save LLDAP image
-        if: steps.lldap-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+          path: /tmp/postgres-image.tar
+          key: postgres-17-${{ runner.os }}
+      - name: Pull and save PostgreSQL image
+        if: matrix.db == 'postgres' && steps.postgres-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: |
-          docker pull nitnelave/lldap:stable
-          docker save nitnelave/lldap:stable > /tmp/lldap-image.tar
+          docker pull postgres:17
+          docker save postgres:17 > /tmp/postgres-image.tar
+      - name: Load PostgreSQL image
+        if: matrix.db == 'postgres' && steps.postgres-cache.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
+        run: docker load < /tmp/postgres-image.tar
 
-      - name: Load LLDAP image from cache
-        if: steps.lldap-cache.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
-        run: docker load < /tmp/lldap-image.tar
+      - name: Cache SCIM Test Server Docker image
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        id: scim-cache
+        with:
+          path: /tmp/scim-test-server-image.tar
+          key: scim-test-server-${{ runner.os }}
+      - name: Pull and save SCIM Test Server image
+        if: steps.scim-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        run: |
+          docker pull ghcr.io/pocket-id/scim-test-server
+          docker save ghcr.io/pocket-id/scim-test-server > /tmp/scim-test-server-image.tar
+      - name: Load SCIM Test Server image
+        if: steps.scim-cache.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
+        run: docker load < /tmp/scim-test-server-image.tar
+
+      - name: Cache Localstack S3 Docker image
+        if: matrix.storage == 's3'
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        id: s3-cache
+        with:
+          path: /tmp/localstack-s3-image.tar
+          key: localstack-4.14.0-${{ runner.os }}
+      - name: Pull and save Localstack S3 image
+        if: matrix.storage == 's3' && steps.s3-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        run: |
+          docker pull localstack/localstack:4.14.0
+          docker save localstack/localstack:4.14.0 > /tmp/localstack-s3-image.tar
+      - name: Load Localstack S3 image
+        if: matrix.storage == 's3' && steps.s3-cache.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
+        run: docker load < /tmp/localstack-s3-image.tar
 
       - name: Install test dependencies
-        working-directory: ./tests
-        run: npm ci
+        run: pnpm --filter pocket-id-tests install --frozen-lockfile
 
       - name: Install Playwright Browsers
         working-directory: ./tests
         if: steps.playwright-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: npx playwright install --with-deps chromium
+        run: pnpm exec playwright install --with-deps chromium
 
-      - name: Run Docker Container with Sqlite DB and LDAP
+      - name: Run Docker containers
         working-directory: ./tests/setup
         run: |
-          docker compose up -d
-          docker compose logs -f pocket-id &> /tmp/backend.log &
+          DOCKER_COMPOSE_FILE=docker-compose.yml
+
+          cat > .env <<EOF
+          FILE_BACKEND=${{ matrix.storage }}
+          SCIM_SERVICE_PROVIDER_URL=http://localhost:18123/v2
+          SCIM_SERVICE_PROVIDER_URL_INTERNAL=http://scim-test-server:8080/v2
+          EOF
+
+          if [ "${{ matrix.db }}" = "postgres" ]; then
+            DOCKER_COMPOSE_FILE=docker-compose-postgres.yml
+          elif [ "${{ matrix.storage }}" = "s3" ]; then
+            DOCKER_COMPOSE_FILE=docker-compose-s3.yml
+          fi
+
+          docker compose -f "$DOCKER_COMPOSE_FILE" up -d --build
+
+          {
+            LOG_FILE="/tmp/backend.log"
+            while true; do
+              CID=$(docker compose -f "$DOCKER_COMPOSE_FILE" ps -q pocket-id)
+              if [ -n "$CID" ]; then
+                echo "[$(date)] Attaching logs for $CID" >> "$LOG_FILE"
+                docker logs -f --since=0 "$CID" >> "$LOG_FILE" 2>&1
+              else
+                echo "[$(date)] Container not yet running…" >> "$LOG_FILE"
+              fi
+              sleep 1
+            done
+          } &
 
       - name: Run Playwright tests
         working-directory: ./tests
-        run: npx playwright test
+        run: pnpm exec playwright test
 
       - name: Upload Test Report
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         if: always() && github.event.pull_request.head.ref != 'i18n_crowdin'
         with:
-          name: playwright-report-sqlite
+          name: playwright-report-${{ matrix.db }}-${{ matrix.storage }}
           path: tests/.report
           include-hidden-files: true
           retention-days: 15
 
       - name: Upload Backend Test Report
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         if: always() && github.event.pull_request.head.ref != 'i18n_crowdin'
         with:
-          name: backend-sqlite
-          path: /tmp/backend.log
-          include-hidden-files: true
-          retention-days: 15
-
-  test-postgres:
-    if: github.event.pull_request.head.ref != 'i18n_crowdin'
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      actions: write
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: build
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
-        with:
-          node-version: 22
-          cache: "npm"
-          cache-dependency-path: frontend/package-lock.json
-
-      - name: Cache Playwright Browsers
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
-        id: playwright-cache
-        with:
-          path: ~/.cache/ms-playwright
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-playwright-${{ hashFiles('frontend/package-lock.json') }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-playwright-
-
-      - name: Cache PostgreSQL Docker image
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
-        id: postgres-cache
-        with:
-          path: /tmp/postgres-image.tar
-          key: postgres-17-${{ runner.os }}
-
-      - name: Pull and save PostgreSQL image
-        if: steps.postgres-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: |
-          docker pull postgres:17
-          docker save postgres:17 > /tmp/postgres-image.tar
-
-      - name: Load PostgreSQL image from cache
-        if: steps.postgres-cache.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
-        run: docker load < /tmp/postgres-image.tar
-
-      - name: Cache LLDAP Docker image
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
-        id: lldap-cache
-        with:
-          path: /tmp/lldap-image.tar
-          key: lldap-stable-${{ runner.os }}
-
-      - name: Pull and save LLDAP image
-        if: steps.lldap-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: |
-          docker pull nitnelave/lldap:stable
-          docker save nitnelave/lldap:stable > /tmp/lldap-image.tar
-
-      - name: Load LLDAP image from cache
-        if: steps.lldap-cache.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
-        run: docker load < /tmp/lldap-image.tar
-
-      - name: Download Docker image artifact
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: docker-image
-          path: /tmp
-
-      - name: Load Docker image
-        run: docker load -i /tmp/docker-image.tar
-
-      - name: Install test dependencies
-        working-directory: ./tests
-        run: npm ci
-
-      - name: Install Playwright Browsers
-        working-directory: ./tests
-        if: steps.playwright-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: npx playwright install --with-deps chromium
-
-      - name: Run Docker Container with Postgres DB and LDAP
-        working-directory: ./tests/setup
-        run: |
-          docker compose -f docker-compose-postgres.yml up -d
-          docker compose -f docker-compose-postgres.yml logs -f pocket-id &> /tmp/backend.log &
-
-      - name: Run Playwright tests
-        working-directory: ./tests
-        run: npx playwright test
-
-      - name: Upload Test Report
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        if: always() && github.event.pull_request.head.ref != 'i18n_crowdin'
-        with:
-          name: playwright-report-postgres
-          path: frontend/tests/.report
-          include-hidden-files: true
-          retention-days: 15
-
-      - name: Upload Backend Test Report
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        if: always() && github.event.pull_request.head.ref != 'i18n_crowdin'
-        with:
-          name: backend-postgres
+          name: backend-${{ matrix.db }}-${{ matrix.storage }}
           path: /tmp/backend.log
           include-hidden-files: true
           retention-days: 15

.github/workflows/pr-quality.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+name: PR Quality
+
+permissions:
+    contents: read
+    issues: read
+    pull-requests: write
+
+on:
+    pull_request_target:
+        types: [opened, reopened]
+
+jobs:
+    pr-quality:
+        runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+        steps:
+            - uses: peakoss/anti-slop@v0
+              with:
+                  # General Settings
+                  max-failures: 4
+
+                  # PR Branch Checks
+                  allowed-target-branches: "main"
+                  blocked-target-branches: ""
+                  allowed-source-branches: ""
+                  blocked-source-branches: ""
+
+                  # PR Quality Checks
+                  max-negative-reactions: 0
+                  require-maintainer-can-modify: true
+
+                  # PR Title Checks
+                  require-conventional-title: true
+
+                  # PR Description Checks
+                  require-description: true
+                  max-description-length: 2500
+                  max-emoji-count: 0
+                  max-code-references: 0
+                  require-linked-issue: false
+                  blocked-terms: ""
+                  blocked-issue-numbers: ""
+
+                  # PR Template Checks
+                  require-pr-template: true
+                  strict-pr-template-sections: "Contributing Guidelines"
+                  optional-pr-template-sections: "Issues"
+                  max-additional-pr-template-sections: 3
+
+                  # Commit Message Checks
+                  max-commit-message-length: 500
+                  require-conventional-commits: false
+                  require-commit-author-match: true
+                  blocked-commit-authors: ""
+
+                  # File Checks
+                  allowed-file-extensions: ""
+                  allowed-paths: ""
+                  blocked-paths: |
+                      SECURITY.md
+                      LICENSE
+                  require-final-newline: false
+                  max-added-comments: 0
+
+                  # User Checks
+                  detect-spam-usernames: true
+                  min-account-age: 30
+                  max-daily-forks: 7
+                  min-profile-completeness: 4
+
+                  # Merge Checks
+                  min-repo-merged-prs: 0
+                  min-repo-merge-ratio: 0
+                  min-global-merge-ratio: 30
+                  global-merge-ratio-exclude-own: false
+
+                  # Exemptions
+                  exempt-draft-prs: false
+                  exempt-bots: |
+                      actions-user
+                      dependabot[bot]
+                      renovate[bot]
+                      github-actions[bot]
+                  exempt-users: "James18232"
+                  exempt-author-association: "OWNER,MEMBER,COLLABORATOR"
+                  exempt-label: "quality/exempt"
+                  exempt-pr-label: ""
+                  exempt-all-milestones: false
+                  exempt-all-pr-milestones: false
+                  exempt-milestones: ""
+                  exempt-pr-milestones: ""
+
+                  # PR Success Actions
+                  success-add-pr-labels: "quality/verified"
+
+                  # PR Failure Actions
+                  failure-remove-pr-labels: ""
+                  failure-remove-all-pr-labels: true
+                  failure-add-pr-labels: "quality/rejected"
+                  failure-pr-message: |
+                      This PR did not pass quality checks so it will be closed.
+                      See the [workflow run](https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}/attempts/${{ github.run_attempt }}) for details on which checks failed.
+
+                      If you believe this is a mistake please let us know.
+
+                  close-pr: true
+                  lock-pr: false

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -5,122 +5,87 @@ on:
     tags:
       - "v*.*.*"
 
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+  packages: write
+  id-token: write
+  attestations: write
+  artifact-metadata: write
+
 jobs:
-  build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      contents: write
-      packages: write
-      attestations: write
-      id-token: write
+  release:
+    runs-on: depot-ubuntu-24.04-16
+
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Setup pnpm
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v5
+        with:
+          run_install: false
+
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
-          node-version: 22
-          cache: "npm"
-          cache-dependency-path: frontend/package-lock.json
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+          node-version: 24
+          cache: pnpm
+
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
         with:
-          go-version-file: "backend/go.mod"
-      - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
-      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
-      - name: Set DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME
-        run: |
-          # Lowercase REPO_OWNER which is required for containers
-          REPO_OWNER=${{ github.repository_owner }}
-          DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME="ghcr.io/${REPO_OWNER,,}/pocket-id"
-          echo "DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME=${DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME}" >>${GITHUB_ENV}
+          go-version-file: backend/go.mod
+          cache-dependency-path: backend/go.sum
+
+      - name: Set up Depot CLI
+        uses: depot/setup-action@v1
+
+      - name: Setup depot buildx driver
+        run: depot configure-docker
+
       - name: Login to GitHub Container Registry
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@v4.4.0
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
-          username: ${{github.repository_owner}}
-          password: ${{secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN}}
-      - name: Docker metadata
-        id: meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+          username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Login to Docker Hub
+        uses: docker/login-action@v4.4.0
         with:
-          images: |
-            ${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}
-          tags: |
-            type=semver,pattern={{version}},prefix=v
-            type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}},prefix=v
-            type=semver,pattern={{major}},prefix=v
-      - name: Docker metadata (distroless)
-        id: meta-distroless
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Run GoReleaser
+        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v7.2.3
         with:
-          images: |
-            ${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}
-          flavor: |
-            suffix=-distroless,onlatest=true
-          tags: |
-            type=semver,pattern={{version}},prefix=v
-            type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}},prefix=v
-            type=semver,pattern={{major}},prefix=v            
-      - name: Install frontend dependencies
-        working-directory: frontend
-        run: npm ci
-      - name: Build frontend
-        working-directory: frontend
-        run: npm run build
-      - name: Build binaries
-        run: sh scripts/development/build-binaries.sh
-      - name: Build and push container image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
-        id: container-build-push
-        with:
-          context: .
-          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
-          push: true
-          tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
-          labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
-          file: Dockerfile-prebuilt
-      - name: Build and push container image (distroless)
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
-        id: container-build-push-distroless
-        with:
-          context: .
-          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
-          push: true
-          tags: ${{ steps.meta-distroless.outputs.tags }}
-          labels: ${{ steps.meta-distroless.outputs.labels }}
-          file: Dockerfile-distroless
-      - name: Binary attestation
-        uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v2
-        with:
-          subject-path: "backend/.bin/pocket-id-**"
-      - name: Container image attestation
-        uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v2
-        with:
-          subject-name: "${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}"
-          subject-digest: ${{ steps.container-build-push.outputs.digest }}
-          push-to-registry: true
-      - name: Container image attestation (distroless)
-        uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v2
-        with:
-          subject-name: "${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}"
-          subject-digest: ${{ steps.container-build-push-distroless.outputs.digest }}
-          push-to-registry: true
-      - name: Upload binaries to release
+          distribution: goreleaser-pro
+          version: "~> v2"
+          args: release --clean --skip=validate --parallelism=4
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        run: gh release upload ${{ github.ref_name }} backend/.bin/*
+          GORELEASER_KEY: ${{ secrets.GORELEASER_KEY }}
+          MACOS_SIGN_P12: ${{ secrets.MACOS_SIGN_P12 }}
+          MACOS_SIGN_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.MACOS_SIGN_PASSWORD }}
+          MACOS_NOTARY_KEY: ${{ secrets.MACOS_NOTARY_KEY }}
+          MACOS_NOTARY_KEY_ID: ${{ secrets.MACOS_NOTARY_KEY_ID }}
+          MACOS_NOTARY_ISSUER_ID: ${{ secrets.MACOS_NOTARY_ISSUER_ID }}
+          DISCORD_WEBHOOK_ID: ${{ secrets.DISCORD_WEBHOOK_ID }}
+          DISCORD_WEBHOOK_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.DISCORD_WEBHOOK_TOKEN }}
 
-  publish-release:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: [build]
-    permissions:
-      contents: write
-    env:
-      GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - name: Mark release as published
+      - name: Binary attestation
+        uses: actions/attest@v4
+        with:
+          subject-checksums: ./dist/checksums.txt
+
+      - name: Container image attestation
+        uses: actions/attest@v4
+        with:
+          subject-checksums: ./dist/digests.txt
+
+      - name: Publish release
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         run: gh release edit ${{ github.ref_name }} --draft=false

.github/workflows/svelte-check.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ on:
       - "frontend/tsconfig.json"
       - "frontend/svelte.config.js"
   pull_request:
-    branches: [main]
+    branches: [main, breaking/**]
     paths:
       - "frontend/src/**"
       - ".github/svelte-check-matcher.json"
@@ -21,39 +21,42 @@ on:
       - "frontend/svelte.config.js"
   workflow_dispatch:
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  checks: write
+  pull-requests: write
+  id-token: write
+
 jobs:
   type-check:
     name: Run Svelte Check
     # Don't run on dependabot branches
     if: github.actor != 'dependabot[bot]'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      checks: write
-      pull-requests: write
+    runs-on: depot-ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Setup pnpm
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v5
 
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
-          node-version: 22
-          cache: "npm"
-          cache-dependency-path: frontend/package-lock.json
+          node-version: 24
+          cache: "pnpm"
 
       - name: Install dependencies
-        working-directory: frontend
-        run: npm ci
+        run: pnpm --filter pocket-id-frontend install --frozen-lockfile
 
       - name: Build Pocket ID Frontend
         working-directory: frontend
-        run: npm run build
+        run: pnpm --filter pocket-id-frontend build
 
       - name: Add svelte-check problem matcher
         run: echo "::add-matcher::.github/svelte-check-matcher.json"
 
       - name: Run svelte-check
         working-directory: frontend
-        run: npm run check
+        run: pnpm --filter pocket-id-frontend check

.github/workflows/unit-tests.yml

@@ -5,19 +5,21 @@ on:
     paths:
       - "backend/**"
   pull_request:
-    branches: [main]
+    branches: [main, breaking/**]
     paths:
       - "backend/**"
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  id-token: write
+  actions: write
+
 jobs:
   test-backend:
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      actions: write
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: depot-ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
         with:
           go-version-file: "backend/go.mod"
           cache-dependency-path: "backend/go.sum"
@@ -29,8 +31,8 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: backend
         run: |
           set -e -o pipefail
-          go test -tags=exclude_frontend -v ./... | tee /tmp/TestResults.log
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+          go test -tags=exclude_frontend,unit -v ./... | tee /tmp/TestResults.log
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         if: always()
         with:
           name: backend-unit-tests

.github/workflows/update-aaguids.yml

@@ -8,14 +8,15 @@ on:
 permissions:
   contents: write
   pull-requests: write
+  id-token: write
 
 jobs:
   update-aaguids:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: depot-ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Fetch JSON data
         run: |

.gitignore

@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 # JetBrains
 **/.idea
 
+# Node
 node_modules
 
+# PNPM
+.pnpm-store/
+
 # Output
 .output
 .vercel
@@ -11,6 +15,7 @@ node_modules
 /backend/bin
 pocket-id
 /tests/test-results/*.json
+.tmp/
 
 # OS
 .DS_Store
@@ -55,3 +60,5 @@ yarn-error.log*
 
 #Debug
 backend/cmd/__debug_*
+# Added by goreleaser init:
+dist/

.goreleaser.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+# yaml-language-server: $schema=https://goreleaser.com/static/schema-pro.json
+# vim: set ts=2 sw=2 tw=0 fo=jcroql
+version: 2
+pro: true
+
+project_name: pocket-id
+
+before:
+  hooks:
+    - pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
+    - pnpm -C frontend build
+
+builds:
+  - id: pocket-id
+    main: ./cmd
+    dir: backend
+    binary: pocket-id
+    env:
+      - CGO_ENABLED=0
+      - GOMAXPROCS=2
+    goos:
+      - linux
+      - darwin
+      - windows
+      - freebsd
+      - openbsd
+    goarch:
+      - amd64
+      - arm64
+      - "386"
+      - arm
+    goarm:
+      - "7"
+    goamd64:
+      - v1
+    go386:
+      - sse2
+    ignore:
+      - goos: darwin
+        goarch: "386"
+      - goos: darwin
+        goarch: arm
+      - goos: windows
+        goarch: "386"
+      - goos: windows
+        goarch: arm
+      - goos: freebsd
+        goarch: "386"
+      - goos: freebsd
+        goarch: arm
+      - goos: openbsd
+        goarch: "386"
+      - goos: openbsd
+        goarch: arm
+    ldflags:
+      - -w -s
+      - -buildid={{ .Version }}
+      - -X github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common.Version={{ .Version }}
+    flags:
+      - -trimpath
+      - -p=2
+    mod_timestamp: "{{ .CommitTimestamp }}"
+    skip: '{{ if index .Env "BUILD_NEXT" }}true{{ end }}'
+
+  - id: pocket-id-next
+    main: ./cmd
+    dir: backend
+    binary: pocket-id
+    env:
+      - CGO_ENABLED=0
+      - GOMAXPROCS=2
+    targets:
+      - linux_amd64_v1
+      - linux_arm64_v8.0
+    ldflags:
+      - -w -s
+      - -buildid={{ .Version }}
+      - -X github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common.Version={{ .Version }}
+    flags:
+      - -trimpath
+      - -p=2
+    mod_timestamp: "{{ .CommitTimestamp }}"
+    skip: '{{ if not (index .Env "BUILD_NEXT") }}true{{ end }}'
+
+archives:
+  - id: default
+    formats:
+      - binary
+    name_template: "{{ .Binary }}_{{ .Os }}_{{ .Arch }}{{ with .Arm }}v{{ . }}{{ end }}"
+
+checksum:
+  name_template: checksums.txt
+
+docker_digest:
+  name_template: digests.txt
+
+dockers_v2:
+  - id: pocket-id
+    ids:
+      - pocket-id
+    dockerfile: docker/Dockerfile-prebuilt
+    images:
+      - "pocketid/pocket-id"
+      - "ghcr.io/{{ .Env.GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER }}/pocket-id"
+    tags:
+      - "{{ .Tag }}"
+      - "v{{ .Major }}"
+      - "v{{ .Major }}.{{ .Minor }}"
+      - "latest"
+    platforms:
+      - linux/amd64
+      - linux/arm64
+    labels:
+      "org.opencontainers.image.authors": "Pocket ID"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.url": "https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.documentation": "https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/blob/main/README.md"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.source": "https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.version": "{{ .Version }}"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.revision": "{{ .FullCommit }}"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.licenses": "BSD-2-Clause"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.ref.name": "pocket-id"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.title": "Pocket ID"
+    disable: '{{ if index .Env "BUILD_NEXT" }}true{{ end }}'
+    sbom: true
+    extra_files:
+      - scripts/docker
+
+  - id: pocket-id-distroless
+    ids:
+      - pocket-id
+    dockerfile: docker/Dockerfile-distroless
+    images:
+      - "pocketid/pocket-id"
+      - "ghcr.io/{{ .Env.GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER }}/pocket-id"
+    tags:
+      - "{{ .Tag }}-distroless"
+      - "v{{ .Major }}-distroless"
+      - "v{{ .Major }}.{{ .Minor }}-distroless"
+      - "latest-distroless"
+    platforms:
+      - linux/amd64
+      - linux/arm64
+    labels:
+      "org.opencontainers.image.authors": "Pocket ID"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.url": "https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.documentation": "https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/blob/main/README.md"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.source": "https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.version": "{{ .Version }}"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.revision": "{{ .FullCommit }}"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.licenses": "BSD-2-Clause"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.ref.name": "pocket-id"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.title": "Pocket ID"
+    disable: '{{ if index .Env "BUILD_NEXT" }}true{{ end }}'
+    sbom: true
+
+  - id: pocket-id-next
+    ids:
+      - pocket-id-next
+    dockerfile: docker/Dockerfile-prebuilt
+    images:
+      - "pocketid/pocket-id"
+      - "ghcr.io/{{ .Env.GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER }}/pocket-id"
+    tags:
+      - "next"
+    platforms:
+      - linux/amd64
+      - linux/arm64
+    labels:
+      "org.opencontainers.image.authors": "Pocket ID"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.url": "https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.documentation": "https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/blob/main/README.md"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.source": "https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.version": "{{ .Version }}"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.revision": "{{ .FullCommit }}"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.licenses": "BSD-2-Clause"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.ref.name": "pocket-id"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.title": "Pocket ID"
+    disable: '{{ if not (index .Env "BUILD_NEXT") }}true{{ end }}'
+    sbom: true
+    extra_files:
+      - scripts/docker
+
+  - id: pocket-id-next-distroless
+    ids:
+      - pocket-id-next
+    dockerfile: docker/Dockerfile-distroless
+    images:
+      - "pocketid/pocket-id"
+      - "ghcr.io/{{ .Env.GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER }}/pocket-id"
+    tags:
+      - "next-distroless"
+    platforms:
+      - linux/amd64
+      - linux/arm64
+    labels:
+      "org.opencontainers.image.authors": "Pocket ID"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.url": "https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.documentation": "https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/blob/main/README.md"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.source": "https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.version": "{{ .Version }}"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.revision": "{{ .FullCommit }}"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.licenses": "BSD-2-Clause"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.ref.name": "pocket-id"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.title": "Pocket ID"
+    disable: '{{ if not (index .Env "BUILD_NEXT") }}true{{ end }}'
+    sbom: true
+
+notarize:
+  macos:
+    - enabled: '{{ if and (isEnvSet "MACOS_SIGN_P12") (not (index .Env "BUILD_NEXT")) }}true{{ end }}'
+      ids:
+        - pocket-id
+      sign:
+        certificate: "{{ .Env.MACOS_SIGN_P12 }}"
+        password: "{{ .Env.MACOS_SIGN_PASSWORD }}"
+      notarize:
+        issuer_id: "{{ .Env.MACOS_NOTARY_ISSUER_ID }}"
+        key_id: "{{ .Env.MACOS_NOTARY_KEY_ID }}"
+        key: "{{ .Env.MACOS_NOTARY_KEY }}"
+        wait: true
+        timeout: 20m
+
+changelog:
+  disable: true
+
+announce:
+  discord:
+    enabled: true
+    message_template: "Pocket ID version {{ .Tag }} has been released! Checkout the changelog at {{ .ReleaseURL }}"
+    author: "GitHub Actions"
+    # Color code of the embed. You have to use decimal numeral system, not hexadecimal.
+    # color: "9320959"
+    icon_url: "https://github.githubassets.com/images/modules/logos_page/GitHub-Mark.png"
+
+release:
+  github:
+    owner: pocket-id
+    name: pocket-id
+  disable: '{{ if index .Env "SKIP_RELEASE" }}true{{ end }}'
+  draft: true
+  replace_existing_draft: false
+  use_existing_draft: true
+  replace_existing_artifacts: true
+  prerelease: auto
+  make_latest: true
+  mode: keep-existing
+  name_template: "{{ .Tag }}"

.version

@@ -1 +1 @@
-1.6.4
+2.11.0

.vscode/launch.json

@@ -5,12 +5,14 @@
       "name": "Backend",
       "type": "go",
       "request": "launch",
-      "envFile": "${workspaceFolder}/backend/cmd/.env",
+      "envFile": "${workspaceFolder}/backend/.env",
       "env": {
         "APP_ENV": "development"
       },
       "mode": "debug",
       "program": "${workspaceFolder}/backend/cmd/main.go",
+      "buildFlags": "-tags=exclude_frontend",
+      "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/backend",
     },
     {
       "name": "Frontend",

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 {
-    "go.buildTags": "e2etest",
-    "prettier.documentSelectors": ["**/*.svelte"],
-}
+  "go.buildTags": "e2etest unit",
+  "prettier.documentSelectors": ["**/*.svelte"]
+}

AGENTS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+# AGENTS.md
+
+Pocket ID — a passkey-only OIDC provider. Go backend serves a SvelteKit SPA (embedded in
+the binary for production). This file lists what isn't obvious from reading the code.
+
+## Layout
+
+- `backend/` — Go module (gin, GORM, [ory/fosite fork](#backend-go)). Its own toolchain, not part of the repository.
+- `frontend/` — SvelteKit 5 SPA. Builds into `backend/frontend/dist` and is embedded via `go:embed`.
+- `tests/` — Playwright end-to-end tests (drives a Dockerized full stack).
+
+## Build / test / lint
+
+```sh
+# backend/   — the exclude_frontend and unit tags are mandatory locally; CI uses them too
+go test -tags=exclude_frontend,unit ./...                          # unit/integration tests
+go test -tags=exclude_frontend,unit -run TestName ./internal/...   # a single test
+golangci-lint run  # lint (config: backend/.golangci.yml - includes build tags)
+
+# frontend/  (or root)
+pnpm check        # svelte-check — the ONLY frontend type gate (no unit tests exist)
+pnpm lint         # prettier --check && eslint  (note: not enforced by CI)
+pnpm format       # prettier --write — REQUIRED before opening a PR
+```
+
+End-to-end (needs Docker; **stop any local backend on `:1411` first** — see gotchas):
+
+```sh
+cd tests/setup && docker compose up -d --build   # rebuild after ANY code change, or you test stale code
+cd ../.. && pnpm test                            # = playwright test in tests/
+```
+
+## Critical gotchas
+
+- **`exclude_frontend` and `unit` build tags.** Without them plain `go run`/`go test`/`golangci-lint` fail
+  to run. Always pass `-tags exclude_frontend,unit` for backend dev/test/lint.
+- **Never edit generated files:** `frontend/src/lib/paraglide/**` (Paraglide i18n output) and
+  `backend/frontend/dist/**`. For i18n, only edit `frontend/messages/en.json`; other locales come
+  from Crowdin.
+- **Migrations are split by DB.** Raw SQL via golang-migrate in
+  `backend/resources/migrations/{sqlite,postgres}/` — separate files _and_ separate version
+  timelines. Add a matching up/down pair to **both**. Not GORM AutoMigrate. SQLite migrations
+  are not auto-wrapped in a transaction (`NoTxWrap`); wrap multi-statement ones manually
+  (`PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF; BEGIN; … COMMIT; PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON;`).
+
+## Backend (Go)
+
+- **Config:** global `common.EnvConfig` (caarlos0/env); any secret var supports a `*_FILE` variant.
+- **Logging:** stdlib `log/slog` only (bridged to OpenTelemetry). No zerolog/logrus in app code.
+- `go.mod` pins a **fork** of fosite (`replace github.com/ory/fosite => github.com/pocket-id/fosite`).
+
+## Frontend (SvelteKit)
+
+- **Svelte 5 runes only:** `$state`, `$derived`, `$props`, `$bindable`. No `export let`. Event
+  modifiers are gone — use `preventDefault` from `$lib/utils/event-util` (`onsubmit={preventDefault(fn)}`).
+- **Forms:** use the custom `createForm(schema, initial)` from `$lib/utils/form-util.ts` with
+  `form-input.svelte`. The vendored shadcn formsnap/superforms wrappers exist but app forms don't
+  use them — match the surrounding file. Import zod as `import { z } from 'zod/v4'`.
+
+## Coding Style Guidelines
+
+### Comments
+
+- Exactly one sentence per line
+- There is NO maximum line width: never wrap a single sentence across multiple comment lines, no matter how long that sentence is
+- A new line in a comment means a new sentence; a wrapped line does not exist
+- No trailing period on single-line comments
+- Prefer comments that explain intent, invariants, or why a branch exists
+- Avoid comments that simply restate the next line of code
+- For multi-step logic, use short section comments to separate the steps and explain why each step exists
+- Inside a function, put a one-sentence comment above each major action; the comments double as visual separators between sections and should say what the step does and why, not how
+- Favor a few well-placed section comments over a wall of code; a reader should be able to skim the comments and understand the method's flow
+
+```go
+// Wrong — one sentence wrapped across multiple lines
+// This function performs the main validation logic. It checks
+// the input against the schema and returns an error if the
+// input is invalid.
+
+// Wrong — trailing period on single-line comment
+// Validate the input.
+
+// Right — one sentence per line, each line as long as it needs to be
+// This function performs the main validation logic
+// It checks the input against the schema and returns an error if the input is invalid
+
+// Right
+// Validate the input
+
+// Right
+// Normalize the request host so callers can pass either Host or X-Forwarded-Host values
+
+// Right
+// Browsers do not accept a cookie Domain attribute set to an IP address
+// Returning an empty domain tells the caller to set a host-only cookie instead
+
+// Wrong — restates the code
+// Trim whitespace and lowercase the host
+host = strings.TrimSpace(strings.ToLower(host))
+```
+
+Section comments inside a function — one sentence per major action, describing what and why, acting as visual separators:

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,12 +1,35 @@
 # Contributing
 
-I am happy that you want to contribute to Pocket ID and help to make it better! All contributions are welcome, including issues, suggestions, pull requests and more.
+We are happy that you want to contribute to Pocket ID and help to make it better!
+
+## Before you start
+
+Before starting to work on a new feature, please open an issue first, or comment on an existing one, to discuss the implementation details. This saves you time and avoids the disappointment of having a PR closed later because the change doesn't fit the project's direction.
+
+### AI Usage Policy
+
+We have nothing against using AI tools to assist your development. But we've seen a growing number of pull requests that appear to be fully or largely AI-generated and submitted without genuine human review. These are difficult and time-consuming for maintainers to review, and they often waste everyone's time.
+
+To keep contributions reviewable and high-quality, please follow these guidelines when using AI tools.
+
+#### Guidelines for Using AI Tools
+
+1. **Understand every line.** You must be able to explain what your code does and why, in your own words. "The AI wrote it" is not an acceptable answer to a reviewer's question.
+2. **Test before submitting.** Review and test all code manually, as a human, before opening a PR. Don't trust the AI's claim that it works.
+3. **Write your own words.** Don't paste AI-generated text into issues, comments, or PR descriptions. Walls of generated text make discussions harder, not easier.
+4. **Disclose your usage.** Note in the PR description how you used AI (see below).
+
+PRs that appear to be low effort AI output may be closed without a detailed review.
+
+#### Example disclosure
+
+> Used GitHub Copilot for autocomplete, and asked an LLM to help draft the test cases in `parser_test.go`. I reviewed, edited, and tested everything myself and understand how it works.
+
+> Used an LLM to generate the initial implementation of the new API endpoint, but I manually reviewed and tested it before submitting.
 
 ## Getting started
 
-You've found a bug, have suggestion or something else, just create an issue on GitHub and we can get in touch.
-
-## Submit a Pull Request
+### Submit a Pull Request
 
 Before you submit the pull request for review please ensure that
 
@@ -21,24 +44,23 @@ Before you submit the pull request for review please ensure that
   ```
 
   Where `TYPE` can be:
-
   - **feat** - is a new feature
   - **doc** - documentation only changes
   - **fix** - a bug fix
   - **refactor** - code change that neither fixes a bug nor adds a feature
 
 - Your pull request has a detailed description
-- You run `npm run format` to format the code
+- You run `pnpm format` to format the code
 
-## Development Environment
+### Development Environment
 
 Pocket ID consists of a frontend and backend. In production the frontend gets statically served by the backend, but in development they run as separate processes to enable hot reloading.
 
 There are two ways to get the development environment setup:
 
-### 1. Install required tools
+#### 1. Install required tools
 
-#### With Dev Containers
+##### With Dev Containers
 
 If you use [Dev Containers](https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/remote/containers) in VS Code, you don't need to install anything manually, just follow the steps below.
 
@@ -47,17 +69,17 @@ If you use [Dev Containers](https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/remote/containers
 3. VS Code will detect .devcontainer and will prompt you to open the folder in devcontainer
 4. If the auto prompt does not work, hit `F1` and select `Dev Containers: Open Folder in Container.`, then select the pocket-id repo root folder and it'll open in container.
 
-#### Without Dev Containers
+##### Without Dev Containers
 
 If you don't use Dev Containers, you need to install the following tools manually:
 
-- [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/download/) >= 22
-- [Go](https://golang.org/doc/install) >= 1.24
+- [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/download/) >= 24
+- [Go](https://golang.org/doc/install) >= 1.26
 - [Git](https://git-scm.com/downloads)
 
-### 2. Setup
+#### 2. Setup
 
-#### Backend
+##### Backend
 
 The backend is built with [Gin](https://gin-gonic.com) and written in Go. To set it up, follow these steps:
 
@@ -65,30 +87,42 @@ The backend is built with [Gin](https://gin-gonic.com) and written in Go. To set
 2. Copy the `.env.development-example` file to `.env` and edit the variables as needed
 3. Start the backend with `go run -tags exclude_frontend ./cmd`
 
-### Frontend
+##### Frontend
 
 The frontend is built with [SvelteKit](https://kit.svelte.dev) and written in TypeScript. To set it up, follow these steps:
 
-1. Open the `frontend` folder
-2. Copy the `.env.development-example` file to `.env` and edit the variables as needed
-3. Install the dependencies with `npm install`
-4. Start the frontend with `npm run dev`
+1. Open the `pocket-id` project folder
+2. Copy the `frontend/.env.development-example` file to `frontend/.env` and edit the variables as needed
+3. Install the dependencies with `pnpm install`
+4. Start the frontend with `pnpm dev`
 
 You're all set! The application is now listening on `localhost:3000`. The backend gets proxied trough the frontend in development mode.
 
 ### Testing
 
+If you are contributing to a new feature please ensure that you add tests for it.
+
+#### End-to-end tests
+
 We are using [Playwright](https://playwright.dev) for end-to-end testing.
 
-If you are contributing to a new feature please ensure that you add tests for it. The tests are located in the `tests` folder at the root of the project.
+The tests are located in the `tests` folder at the root of the project.
 
 The tests can be run like this:
 
-1. Visit the setup folder by running `cd tests/setup`
+1. Install the dependencies from the root of the project `pnpm install`
 
-2. Start the test environment by running `docker compose up -d --build`
+2. Visit the setup folder by running `cd tests/setup`
 
-3. Go back to the test folder by running `cd ..`
-4. Run the tests with `npx playwright test`
+3. Start the test environment by running `docker compose up -d --build`
+
+4. Go back to the test folder by running `cd ..`
+5. Run the tests with `pnpm dlx playwright test` or from the root project folder `pnpm test`
 
 If you make any changes to the application, you have to rebuild the test environment by running `docker compose up -d --build` again.
+
+#### Unit tests
+
+In the backend we are using unit tests with the built-in Go testing framework. The tests are located in the same folder as the code they are testing and have the `_test.go` suffix.
+
+To run the tests, simply run `go test -tags=exclude_frontend,unit ./...` from the root of the `backend` folder.

README.md

@@ -1,15 +1,19 @@
 # <div align="center"><img  src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/4ceb2708-9f29-4694-b797-be833efce17d" width="100"/> </br>Pocket ID</div>
 
-Pocket ID is a simple OIDC provider that allows users to authenticate with their passkeys to your services.
+Pocket ID is an easy-to-use OpenID Connect Certified™ and OAuth 2.0 provider that lets users sign in to your applications with passkeys.
 
 → Try out the [Demo](https://demo.pocket-id.org)
 
-<img src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/96ac549d-b897-404a-8811-f42b16ea58e2" width="1200"/>
+<img src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/1e99ba44-76da-4b47-9b8a-dbe9b7f84512" width="1200"/>
 
-The goal of Pocket ID is to be a simple and easy-to-use. There are other self-hosted OIDC providers like [Keycloak](https://www.keycloak.org/) or [ORY Hydra](https://www.ory.sh/hydra/) but they are often too complex for simple use cases.
+The goal of Pocket ID is to be a simple and easy-to-use. There are other self-hosted OIDC and OAuth 2.0 providers like [Keycloak](https://www.keycloak.org/) or [ORY Hydra](https://www.ory.sh/hydra/) but they are often too complex for simple use cases.
 
 Additionally, what makes Pocket ID special is that it only supports [passkey](https://www.passkeys.io/) authentication, which means you don’t need a password. Some people might not like this idea at first, but I believe passkeys are the future, and once you try them, you’ll love them. For example, you can now use a physical Yubikey to sign in to all your self-hosted services easily and securely.
 
+<a href="https://openid.net/certification/certified-openid-providers-profiles">
+    <img src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/697a8b8f-61bc-412f-8222-5410da7292c7" height="80" alt="OpenID Connect Certified">
+</a>
+
 ## Setup
 
 Pocket ID can be set up in multiple ways. The easiest and recommended way is to use Docker.

SECURITY.md

@@ -2,8 +2,11 @@
 
 ## Supported Versions
 
-As Pocket ID is in its early stages, older versions don't get security updates. Please consider to update Pocket ID regularly. Updates can be automated with e.g [Watchtower](https://github.com/containrrr/watchtower).
+It's recommended to always use the latest version of Pocket ID. We will provide security updates for the latest version.
+
+> [!NOTE]  
+> Updates can be automated with e.g [Watchtower](https://github.com/nicholas-fedor/watchtower/). Upgrading between non major versions is safe but you shouldn't upgrade between major versions before checking the release notes.
 
 ## Reporting a Vulnerability
 
-Thank you for taking the time to report a vulnerability. Please DO NOT create an issue on GitHub because the vulnerability could get exploited. Instead please write an email to [elias@eliasschneider.com](mailto:elias@eliasschneider.com).
+Thank you for taking the time to report a vulnerability. Please DO NOT create an issue on GitHub because the vulnerability could get exploited. Instead please create a Security Advisory [here](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/security/advisories/new). You can learn more about how to report a vulnerability in the [GitHub Security Advisories documentation](https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/security-advisories/creating-a-security-advisory).

backend/.env.development-example

@@ -6,4 +6,7 @@ APP_ENV=development
 # In the development environment the backend gets proxied by the frontend
 APP_URL=http://localhost:3000
 PORT=1411
-MAXMIND_LICENSE_KEY=your_license_key
+MAXMIND_LICENSE_KEY=your_license_key
+
+# Set the ENCRYPTION_KEY to a random sequence of characters, for example generated with `openssl rand -base64 32`
+ENCRYPTION_KEY=

backend/.golangci.yml

@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@ version: "2"
 run:
   tests: true
   timeout: 5m
+  build-tags:
+    - unit
+    - exclude_frontend
 linters:
   default: none
   enable:
@@ -61,4 +64,4 @@ formatters:
     paths:
       - third_party$
       - builtin$
-      - examples$
+      - examples$

backend/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+.PHONY: test
+test:
+	go test -tags exclude_frontend,unit ./...
+
+.PHONY: test-race
+test-race:
+	CGO_ENABLED=1 go test -race -tags exclude_frontend,unit ./...
+
+.PHONY: lint
+lint:
+	golangci-lint run -c .golangci.yml

backend/cmd/main.go

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
 	_ "time/tzdata"
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/cmds"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 )
 
 // @title Pocket ID API
@@ -11,5 +14,9 @@ import (
 // @description.markdown
 
 func main() {
+	if err := common.ValidateEnvConfig(&common.EnvConfig); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "config error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
 	cmds.Execute()
 }

backend/frontend/frontend_excluded.go

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 
 package frontend
 
-import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+import (
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
 
 func RegisterFrontend(router *gin.Engine) error {
 	return ErrFrontendNotIncluded

backend/frontend/frontend_included.go

@@ -3,75 +3,256 @@
 package frontend
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"embed"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"io/fs"
+	"mime"
 	"net/http"
-	"os"
+	"path"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/middleware"
 )
 
 //go:embed all:dist/*
 var frontendFS embed.FS
 
+// This function, created by the init() method, writes to "w" the index.html page, populating the nonce
+var writeIndexFn func(w io.Writer, nonce string) error
+
+func init() {
+	const scriptTag = "<script>"
+
+	// Read the index.html from the bundle
+	index, iErr := fs.ReadFile(frontendFS, "dist/index.html")
+	if iErr != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("failed to read index.html: %w", iErr))
+	}
+
+	writeIndexFn = func(w io.Writer, nonce string) (err error) {
+		// If there's no nonce, write the index as-is
+		if nonce == "" {
+			_, err = w.Write(index)
+			return err
+		}
+
+		// Add nonce to all <script> tags
+		// We replace "<script" with `<script nonce="..."` everywhere it appears
+		modified := bytes.ReplaceAll(
+			index,
+			[]byte(scriptTag),
+			[]byte(`<script nonce="`+nonce+`">`),
+		)
+
+		_, err = w.Write(modified)
+		return err
+	}
+}
+
 func RegisterFrontend(router *gin.Engine) error {
 	distFS, err := fs.Sub(frontendFS, "dist")
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create sub FS: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	cacheMaxAge := time.Hour * 24
-	fileServer := NewFileServerWithCaching(http.FS(distFS), int(cacheMaxAge.Seconds()))
+	// Load a map of all files to see which ones are available pre-compressed
+	preCompressed, err := listPreCompressedAssets(distFS)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to index pre-compressed frontend assets: %w", err)
+	}
 
-	router.NoRoute(func(c *gin.Context) {
-		// Try to serve the requested file
+	// Init the file server
+	fileServer := NewFileServerWithCaching(http.FS(distFS), preCompressed)
+
+	// Handler for Gin
+	handler := func(c *gin.Context) {
 		path := strings.TrimPrefix(c.Request.URL.Path, "/")
-		if _, err := fs.Stat(distFS, path); os.IsNotExist(err) {
-			// File doesn't exist, serve index.html instead
-			c.Request.URL.Path = "/"
+
+		if strings.HasSuffix(path, "/") {
+			c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, strings.TrimRight(c.Request.URL.String(), "/"))
+			return
 		}
 
+		if strings.HasPrefix(path, "api/") || strings.HasPrefix(path, ".well-known/") {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": "API endpoint not found"})
+			return
+		}
+
+		if isSPARequest(path, distFS) {
+			nonce := middleware.GetCSPNonce(c)
+
+			// Do not cache the HTML shell, as it embeds a per-request nonce
+			c.Header("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
+			c.Header("Cache-Control", "no-store")
+			c.Status(http.StatusOK)
+			if err := writeIndexFn(c.Writer, nonce); err != nil {
+				_ = c.Error(fmt.Errorf("failed to write index.html file: %w", err))
+			}
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Serve other static assets with caching
+		c.Request.URL.Path = "/" + path
 		fileServer.ServeHTTP(c.Writer, c.Request)
-	})
+	}
+
+	router.NoRoute(handler)
 
 	return nil
 }
 
+func isSPARequest(path string, distFS fs.FS) bool {
+	if path == "" {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	if _, err := fs.Stat(distFS, path); err != nil {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
 // FileServerWithCaching wraps http.FileServer to add caching headers
 type FileServerWithCaching struct {
 	root                    http.FileSystem
 	lastModified            time.Time
-	cacheMaxAge             int
 	lastModifiedHeaderValue string
-	cacheControlHeaderValue string
+	preCompressed           preCompressedMap
 }
 
-func NewFileServerWithCaching(root http.FileSystem, maxAge int) *FileServerWithCaching {
+func NewFileServerWithCaching(root http.FileSystem, preCompressed preCompressedMap) *FileServerWithCaching {
 	return &FileServerWithCaching{
 		root:                    root,
 		lastModified:            time.Now(),
-		cacheMaxAge:             maxAge,
 		lastModifiedHeaderValue: time.Now().UTC().Format(http.TimeFormat),
-		cacheControlHeaderValue: fmt.Sprintf("public, max-age=%d", maxAge),
+		preCompressed:           preCompressed,
 	}
 }
 
 func (f *FileServerWithCaching) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	// Check if the client has a cached version
-	if ifModifiedSince := r.Header.Get("If-Modified-Since"); ifModifiedSince != "" {
-		ifModifiedSinceTime, err := time.Parse(http.TimeFormat, ifModifiedSince)
-		if err == nil && f.lastModified.Before(ifModifiedSinceTime.Add(1*time.Second)) {
-			// Client's cached version is up to date
-			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotModified)
-			return
+	// First, set cache headers
+	// Check if the request is for an immutable asset
+	if isImmutableAsset(r) {
+		// Set the cache control header as immutable with a long expiration
+		w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "public, max-age=31536000, immutable")
+	} else {
+		// Check if the client has a cached version
+		ifModifiedSince := r.Header.Get("If-Modified-Since")
+		if ifModifiedSince != "" {
+			ifModifiedSinceTime, err := time.Parse(http.TimeFormat, ifModifiedSince)
+			if err == nil && f.lastModified.Before(ifModifiedSinceTime.Add(1*time.Second)) {
+				// Client's cached version is up to date
+				w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotModified)
+				return
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Cache other assets for up to 24 hours, but set Last-Modified too
+		w.Header().Set("Last-Modified", f.lastModifiedHeaderValue)
+		w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "public, max-age=86400")
+	}
+
+	// Check if the asset is available pre-compressed
+	_, ok := f.preCompressed[r.URL.Path]
+	if ok {
+		// Add a "Vary" with "Accept-Encoding" so CDNs are aware that content is pre-compressed
+		w.Header().Add("Vary", "Accept-Encoding")
+
+		// Select the encoding if any
+		ext, ce := f.selectEncoding(r)
+		if ext != "" {
+			// Set the content type explicitly before changing the path
+			ct := mime.TypeByExtension(path.Ext(r.URL.Path))
+			if ct != "" {
+				w.Header().Set("Content-Type", ct)
+			}
+
+			// Make the serve return the encoded content
+			w.Header().Set("Content-Encoding", ce)
+			r.URL.Path += "." + ext
 		}
 	}
 
-	w.Header().Set("Last-Modified", f.lastModifiedHeaderValue)
-	w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", f.cacheControlHeaderValue)
-
 	http.FileServer(f.root).ServeHTTP(w, r)
 }
+
+func (f *FileServerWithCaching) selectEncoding(r *http.Request) (ext string, contentEnc string) {
+	available, ok := f.preCompressed[r.URL.Path]
+	if !ok {
+		return "", ""
+	}
+
+	// Check if the client accepts compressed files
+	acceptEncoding := strings.TrimSpace(strings.ToLower(r.Header.Get("Accept-Encoding")))
+	if acceptEncoding == "" {
+		return "", ""
+	}
+
+	// Prefer brotli over gzip when both are accepted.
+	if available.br && (acceptEncoding == "*" || acceptEncoding == "br" || strings.Contains(acceptEncoding, "br")) {
+		return "br", "br"
+	}
+	if available.gz && (acceptEncoding == "gzip" || strings.Contains(acceptEncoding, "gzip")) {
+		return "gz", "gzip"
+	}
+
+	return "", ""
+}
+
+func isImmutableAsset(r *http.Request) bool {
+	switch {
+	// Fonts
+	case strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, "/fonts/"):
+		return true
+
+	// Compiled SvelteKit assets
+	case strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, "/_app/immutable/"):
+		return true
+
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+type preCompressedMap map[string]struct {
+	br bool
+	gz bool
+}
+
+func listPreCompressedAssets(distFS fs.FS) (preCompressedMap, error) {
+	preCompressed := make(preCompressedMap, 0)
+	err := fs.WalkDir(distFS, ".", func(path string, d fs.DirEntry, walkErr error) error {
+		if walkErr != nil {
+			return walkErr
+		}
+
+		if d.IsDir() {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		switch {
+		case strings.HasSuffix(path, ".br"):
+			originalPath := "/" + strings.TrimSuffix(path, ".br")
+			entry := preCompressed[originalPath]
+			entry.br = true
+			preCompressed[originalPath] = entry
+		case strings.HasSuffix(path, ".gz"):
+			originalPath := "/" + strings.TrimSuffix(path, ".gz")
+			entry := preCompressed[originalPath]
+			entry.gz = true
+			preCompressed[originalPath] = entry
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return preCompressed, nil
+}

backend/frontend/frontend_included_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//go:build !exclude_frontend
+
+package frontend
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"testing/fstest"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestIsSPARequest(t *testing.T) {
+	distFS := fstest.MapFS{
+		"assets/app.js": &fstest.MapFile{Data: []byte("console.log('test')")},
+	}
+
+	t.Run("root path is spa request", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.True(t, isSPARequest("", distFS))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("existing bundled asset is not spa request", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.False(t, isSPARequest("assets/app.js", distFS))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unknown path is spa request", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.True(t, isSPARequest("authorize", distFS))
+	})
+}

backend/go.mod

@@ -1,140 +1,250 @@
 module github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend
 
-go 1.24.0
+go 1.26.5
 
 require (
-	github.com/caarlos0/env/v11 v11.3.1
-	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.2
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.42.1
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config v1.32.27
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials v1.19.26
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3 v1.104.2
+	github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.27.3
+	github.com/caarlos0/env/v11 v11.4.1
+	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.3
+	github.com/coreos/go-systemd v0.0.0-20191104093116-d3cd4ed1dbcf
 	github.com/disintegration/imageorient v0.0.0-20180920195336-8147d86e83ec
 	github.com/disintegration/imaging v1.6.2
-	github.com/emersion/go-sasl v0.0.0-20200509203442-7bfe0ed36a21
-	github.com/emersion/go-smtp v0.21.3
-	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.7.0
-	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.10.0
-	github.com/glebarez/go-sqlite v1.21.2
-	github.com/glebarez/sqlite v1.11.0
-	github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2 v2.15.0
-	github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3 v3.4.10
-	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.25.0
-	github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn v0.11.2
-	github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4 v4.18.2
+	github.com/dunglas/go-urlpattern v0.0.0-20241020164140-716dfa1c80b1
+	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.10.1
+	github.com/gin-contrib/slog v1.2.1
+	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.12.0
+	github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2 v2.21.2
+	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.1.4
+	github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3 v3.4.13
+	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.30.3
+	github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn v0.17.4
+	github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4 v4.19.1
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
-	github.com/hashicorp/go-uuid v1.0.3
+	github.com/italypaleale/francis v0.1.0-beta.10
+	github.com/italypaleale/go-kit v0.0.0-20260708054611-e276b65dd3be
+	github.com/italypaleale/go-sql-utils v0.2.4
+	github.com/jackc/pgx/v5 v5.10.0
 	github.com/jinzhu/copier v0.4.0
 	github.com/joho/godotenv v1.5.1
-	github.com/lestrrat-go/httprc/v3 v3.0.0-beta2
-	github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3 v3.0.1
+	github.com/lestrrat-go/httprc/v3 v3.0.6
+	github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3 v3.1.1
+	github.com/libtnb/sqlite v1.1.2
+	github.com/lmittmann/tint v1.1.3
+	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.22
 	github.com/mileusna/useragent v1.3.5
-	github.com/oschwald/maxminddb-golang/v2 v2.0.0-beta.2
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.9.1
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/exporters/autoexport v0.59.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/github.com/gin-gonic/gin/otelgin v0.60.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.54.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.35.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.35.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.35.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.35.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.35.0
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.39.0
-	golang.org/x/image v0.24.0
-	golang.org/x/text v0.26.0
-	golang.org/x/time v0.9.0
-	gorm.io/driver/postgres v1.5.11
-	gorm.io/gorm v1.25.12
+	github.com/orandin/slog-gorm v1.4.0
+	github.com/ory/fosite v0.49.1-0.20250703093431-a5f0b09bf31c
+	github.com/oschwald/maxminddb-golang/v2 v2.4.1
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.10.2
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1
+	github.com/zitadel/exifremove v0.1.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/otelslog v0.19.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/exporters/autoexport v0.69.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/github.com/gin-gonic/gin/otelgin v0.69.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.69.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.44.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.20.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.44.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.20.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.44.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.44.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.53.0
+	golang.org/x/image v0.43.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.22.0
+	golang.org/x/text v0.39.0
+	gorm.io/driver/postgres v1.6.0
+	gorm.io/gorm v1.31.2
+	gorm.io/plugin/opentelemetry v0.1.16
+	modernc.org/sqlite v1.53.0
 )
 
 require (
-	github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.0.0-20221128193559-754e69321358 // indirect
+	filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/ClickHouse/ch-go v0.61.5 // indirect
+	github.com/ClickHouse/clickhouse-go/v2 v2.30.0 // indirect
+	github.com/alphadose/haxmap v1.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/asaskevich/govalidator v0.0.0-20230301143203-a9d515a09cc2 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream v1.7.14 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/ec2/imds v1.18.30 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources v1.4.30 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2 v2.7.30 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/v4a v1.4.31 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/accept-encoding v1.13.13 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/checksum v1.9.23 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/presigned-url v1.13.30 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/s3shared v1.19.31 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/signin v1.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sso v1.32.0 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ssooidc v1.37.0 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts v1.44.0 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.12.10 // indirect
-	github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.2.3 // indirect
-	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/bits-and-blooms/bitset v1.24.4 // indirect
+	github.com/bytedance/gopkg v0.1.4 // indirect
+	github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.15.1 // indirect
+	github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.5.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/cloudwego/base64x v0.1.5 // indirect
-	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4 v4.4.0 // indirect
-	github.com/disintegration/gift v1.1.2 // indirect
+	github.com/cloudwego/base64x v0.1.7 // indirect
+	github.com/cristalhq/jwt/v5 v5.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc // indirect
+	github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4 v4.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/dgraph-io/ristretto/v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/disintegration/gift v1.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/dsoprea/go-exif v0.0.0-20230826092837-6579e82b732d // indirect
+	github.com/dsoprea/go-exif/v2 v2.0.0-20230826092837-6579e82b732d // indirect
+	github.com/dsoprea/go-iptc v0.0.0-20200610044640-bc9ca208b413 // indirect
+	github.com/dsoprea/go-jpeg-image-structure v0.0.0-20221012074422-4f3f7e934102 // indirect
+	github.com/dsoprea/go-logging v0.0.0-20200710184922-b02d349568dd // indirect
+	github.com/dsoprea/go-photoshop-info-format v0.0.0-20200610045659-121dd752914d // indirect
+	github.com/dsoprea/go-png-image-structure v0.0.0-20210512210324-29b889a6093d // indirect
+	github.com/dsoprea/go-utility v0.0.0-20221003172846-a3e1774ef349 // indirect
+	github.com/dunglas/httpsfv v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
-	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.8 // indirect
-	github.com/gin-contrib/sse v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-asn1-ber/asn1-ber v1.5.7 // indirect
-	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 // indirect
+	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.2 // indirect
+	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.13 // indirect
+	github.com/gin-contrib/sse v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-asn1-ber/asn1-ber v1.5.8-0.20250403174932-29230038a667 // indirect
+	github.com/go-errors/errors v1.5.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-faster/city v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-faster/errors v0.7.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.1 // indirect
-	github.com/go-webauthn/x v0.1.16 // indirect
-	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.5 // indirect
-	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.2.2 // indirect
-	github.com/google/go-tpm v0.9.3 // indirect
-	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.26.1 // indirect
-	github.com/hashicorp/errwrap v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.9.3 // indirect
+	github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-webauthn/x v0.2.6 // indirect
+	github.com/go-xmlfmt/xmlfmt v1.1.3 // indirect
+	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.6 // indirect
+	github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.19.2 // indirect
+	github.com/gogo/googleapis v1.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
+	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/golang/geo v0.0.0-20250319145452-ed1c8b99c3d7 // indirect
+	github.com/google/go-github/v39 v39.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/google/go-querystring v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/google/go-tpm v0.9.8 // indirect
+	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.3 // indirect
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.29.0 // indirect
+	github.com/h2non/filetype v1.1.3 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp v0.5.2 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp v0.7.8 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-version v1.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/jackc/pgerrcode v0.0.0-20250907135507-afb5586c32a6 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20240606120523-5a60cdf6a761 // indirect
-	github.com/jackc/pgx/v5 v5.7.2 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/puddle/v2 v2.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger-idl v0.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 // indirect
 	github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect
-	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.10 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.5 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.4.0 // indirect
-	github.com/lestrrat-go/blackmagic v1.0.3 // indirect
+	github.com/lestrrat-go/blackmagic v1.0.4 // indirect
+	github.com/lestrrat-go/dsig v1.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/lestrrat-go/dsig-secp256k1 v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/lestrrat-go/httpcc v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/lestrrat-go/option v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/lib/pq v1.10.9 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.24 // indirect
-	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/lestrrat-go/option/v2 v2.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/lib/pq v1.12.3 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.42 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/goveralls v0.0.12 // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/mohae/deepcopy v0.0.0-20170929034955-c48cc78d4826 // indirect
 	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
-	github.com/ncruces/go-strftime v0.1.9 // indirect
-	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.3 // indirect
-	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.22.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.62.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 // indirect
+	github.com/ncruces/go-strftime v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/nlnwa/whatwg-url v0.6.2 // indirect
+	github.com/openzipkin/zipkin-go v0.4.3 // indirect
+	github.com/ory/go-acc v0.2.9-0.20230103102148-6b1c9a70dbbe // indirect
+	github.com/ory/go-convenience v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/ory/pop/v6 v6.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/ory/x v0.0.729 // indirect
+	github.com/paulmach/orb v0.11.1 // indirect
+	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/philhofer/fwd v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.21 // indirect
+	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
+	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.23.2 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.69.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/otlptranslator v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.21.1 // indirect
+	github.com/quic-go/qpack v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.60.0 // indirect
+	github.com/quic-go/webtransport-go v0.11.1 // indirect
 	github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec // indirect
 	github.com/robfig/cron/v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/segmentio/asm v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.6 // indirect
+	github.com/sagikazarmark/locafero v0.12.0 // indirect
+	github.com/seatgeek/logrus-gelf-formatter v0.0.0-20210414080842-5b05eb8ff761 // indirect
+	github.com/segmentio/asm v1.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/shopspring/decimal v1.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.4 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/afero v1.15.0 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/cast v1.10.0 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.10 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/viper v1.21.0 // indirect
+	github.com/subosito/gotenv v1.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/tinylib/msgp v1.6.4 // indirect
 	github.com/twitchyliquid64/golang-asm v0.15.1 // indirect
-	github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.2.12 // indirect
+	github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/valyala/fastjson v1.6.10 // indirect
+	github.com/vmihailenco/msgpack/v5 v5.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/vmihailenco/tagparser/v2 v2.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.1.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/prometheus v0.59.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploggrpc v0.10.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploghttp v0.10.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetricgrpc v1.35.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetrichttp v1.35.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.35.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.35.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.35.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/prometheus v0.57.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.10.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.35.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace v1.35.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.10.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.10.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.5.0 // indirect
-	go.uber.org/atomic v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/arch v0.14.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250506013437-ce4c2cf36ca6 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.38.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.15.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.33.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20250218202821-56aae31c358a // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250218202821-56aae31c358a // indirect
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.71.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.5 // indirect
+	go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2 v2.6.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.2.1 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/prometheus v0.69.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/httptrace/otelhttptrace v0.69.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/b3 v1.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/jaeger v1.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/samplers/jaegerremote v0.37.1 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/jaeger v1.17.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploggrpc v0.20.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploghttp v0.20.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetricgrpc v1.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetrichttp v1.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/prometheus v0.66.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.20.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace v1.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/zipkin v1.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.10.0 // indirect
+	go.uber.org/mock v0.6.0 // indirect
+	go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.4 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/arch v0.27.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20260611194520-c48552f49976 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.37.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.56.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.46.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/time v0.15.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.47.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260630182238-925bb5da69e7 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260630182238-925bb5da69e7 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.82.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11 // indirect
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
-	modernc.org/libc v1.65.10 // indirect
+	gorm.io/driver/clickhouse v0.7.0 // indirect
+	gorm.io/driver/mysql v1.5.7 // indirect
+	k8s.io/utils v0.0.0-20260617174310-a95e086a2553 // indirect
+	modernc.org/libc v1.73.5 // indirect
 	modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1 // indirect
 	modernc.org/memory v1.11.0 // indirect
-	modernc.org/sqlite v1.38.0 // indirect
 )
+
+replace github.com/ory/fosite => github.com/pocket-id/fosite v0.0.0-20260708083902-56a3c0f378d6

backend/internal/api/dto.go

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+)
+
+// apiResponseDto is the full representation of an API including its permissions
+type apiResponseDto struct {
+	ID          string                     `json:"id"`
+	Name        string                     `json:"name"`
+	Resource    string                     `json:"resource"`
+	CreatedAt   datatype.DateTime          `json:"createdAt"`
+	Permissions []apiPermissionResponseDto `json:"permissions"`
+}
+
+type apiPermissionResponseDto struct {
+	ID          string  `json:"id"`
+	Key         string  `json:"key"`
+	Name        string  `json:"name"`
+	Description *string `json:"description,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// apiCreateDto is the payload for creating an API
+// The resource identifier is only accepted here because changing it later would invalidate every token already minted for the API
+type apiCreateDto struct {
+	Name     string `json:"name" binding:"required,min=1,max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
+	Resource string `json:"resource" binding:"required,resource_uri,max=350" unorm:"nfc"`
+}
+
+// apiUpdateDto is the payload for updating an API
+// The resource identifier is intentionally not updatable
+type apiUpdateDto struct {
+	Name string `json:"name" binding:"required,min=1,max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
+}
+
+type apiPermissionInputDto struct {
+	Key         string  `json:"key" binding:"required,min=1,max=128" unorm:"nfc"`
+	Name        string  `json:"name" binding:"required,min=1,max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
+	Description *string `json:"description" binding:"omitempty,max=200"`
+}
+
+// apiPermissionsUpdateDto replaces the full permission set of an API
+type apiPermissionsUpdateDto struct {
+	Permissions []apiPermissionInputDto `json:"permissions" binding:"omitempty,dive"`
+}
+
+// clientApiAccessDto is the set of API permissions a client is allowed to request, split by subject type
+// User-delegated permissions may be requested on behalf of a signed-in user, client permissions may be obtained by the client itself through the client credentials grant
+type clientApiAccessDto struct {
+	UserDelegatedPermissionIDs []string `json:"userDelegatedPermissionIds"`
+	ClientPermissionIDs        []string `json:"clientPermissionIds"`
+}
+
+type clientApiAccessUpdateDto struct {
+	UserDelegatedPermissionIDs []string `json:"userDelegatedPermissionIds" binding:"omitempty,dive,required"`
+	ClientPermissionIDs        []string `json:"clientPermissionIds" binding:"omitempty,dive,required"`
+}

backend/internal/api/handler.go

@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/dto"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+)
+
+type handler struct {
+	service *Service
+}
+
+func newHandler(service *Service) *handler {
+	return &handler{service: service}
+}
+
+// list godoc
+// @Summary List APIs
+// @Description Get a paginated list of APIs with optional search and sorting
+// @Tags APIs
+// @Produce json
+// @Param search query string false "Search term to filter APIs by name or resource"
+// @Param pagination[page] query int false "Page number for pagination" default(1)
+// @Param pagination[limit] query int false "Number of items per page" default(20)
+// @Param sort[column] query string false "Column to sort by"
+// @Param sort[direction] query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
+// @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[apiResponseDto]
+// @Router /api/apis [get]
+func (h *handler) list(c *gin.Context) {
+	search := c.Query("search")
+	listRequestOptions := utils.ParseListRequestOptions(c)
+
+	apis, pagination, err := h.service.List(c.Request.Context(), search, listRequestOptions)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	items := make([]apiResponseDto, len(apis))
+	for i, api := range apis {
+		var item apiResponseDto
+		if err := dto.MapStruct(api, &item); err != nil {
+			_ = c.Error(err)
+			return
+		}
+		item.Resource = api.Audience
+		items[i] = item
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, dto.Paginated[apiResponseDto]{
+		Data:       items,
+		Pagination: pagination,
+	})
+}
+
+// get godoc
+// @Summary Get API by ID
+// @Description Retrieve a single API including its permissions
+// @Tags APIs
+// @Produce json
+// @Param id path string true "API ID"
+// @Success 200 {object} apiResponseDto
+// @Router /api/apis/{id} [get]
+func (h *handler) get(c *gin.Context) {
+	api, err := h.service.Get(c.Request.Context(), nil, c.Param("id"))
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	h.respond(c, http.StatusOK, api)
+}
+
+// create godoc
+// @Summary Create API
+// @Description Create a new API resource server
+// @Tags APIs
+// @Accept json
+// @Produce json
+// @Param api body apiCreateDto true "API information"
+// @Success 201 {object} apiResponseDto "Created API"
+// @Router /api/apis [post]
+func (h *handler) create(c *gin.Context) {
+	var input apiCreateDto
+	if err := dto.ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(c, &input); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	api, err := h.service.Create(c.Request.Context(), input)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	h.respond(c, http.StatusCreated, api)
+}
+
+// update godoc
+// @Summary Update API
+// @Description Update an existing API by ID
+// @Tags APIs
+// @Accept json
+// @Produce json
+// @Param id path string true "API ID"
+// @Param api body apiUpdateDto true "API information"
+// @Success 200 {object} apiResponseDto "Updated API"
+// @Router /api/apis/{id} [put]
+func (h *handler) update(c *gin.Context) {
+	var input apiUpdateDto
+	if err := dto.ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(c, &input); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	api, err := h.service.Update(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"), input)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	h.respond(c, http.StatusOK, api)
+}
+
+// delete godoc
+// @Summary Delete API
+// @Description Delete an API by ID
+// @Tags APIs
+// @Param id path string true "API ID"
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/apis/{id} [delete]
+func (h *handler) delete(c *gin.Context) {
+	if err := h.service.Delete(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id")); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// updatePermissions godoc
+// @Summary Update API permissions
+// @Description Replace the full set of permissions for an API
+// @Tags APIs
+// @Accept json
+// @Produce json
+// @Param id path string true "API ID"
+// @Param permissions body apiPermissionsUpdateDto true "Permissions to set"
+// @Success 200 {object} apiResponseDto "Updated API"
+// @Router /api/apis/{id}/permissions [put]
+func (h *handler) updatePermissions(c *gin.Context) {
+	var input apiPermissionsUpdateDto
+	if err := dto.ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(c, &input); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	api, err := h.service.UpdatePermissions(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"), input)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	h.respond(c, http.StatusOK, api)
+}
+
+// getClientAccess godoc
+// @Summary Get client API access
+// @Description Get the API permissions an OIDC client is allowed to request, split into user-delegated and client (machine-to-machine) access
+// @Tags APIs
+// @Produce json
+// @Param clientId path string true "OIDC Client ID"
+// @Success 200 {object} clientApiAccessDto
+// @Router /api/api-access/{clientId} [get]
+func (h *handler) getClientAccess(c *gin.Context) {
+	access, err := h.service.GetClientAPIAccess(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("clientId"))
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, newClientApiAccessDto(access))
+}
+
+// updateClientAccess godoc
+// @Summary Update client API access
+// @Description Replace the API permissions an OIDC client is allowed to request, split into user-delegated and client (machine-to-machine) access
+// @Tags APIs
+// @Accept json
+// @Produce json
+// @Param clientId path string true "OIDC Client ID"
+// @Param access body clientApiAccessUpdateDto true "Allowed permission IDs per subject type"
+// @Success 200 {object} clientApiAccessDto
+// @Router /api/api-access/{clientId} [put]
+func (h *handler) updateClientAccess(c *gin.Context) {
+	var input clientApiAccessUpdateDto
+	err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	applied, err := h.service.SetClientAPIAccess(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("clientId"), ClientAPIAccess(input))
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, newClientApiAccessDto(applied))
+}
+
+// newClientApiAccessDto always serializes both permission lists as arrays rather than null
+func newClientApiAccessDto(access ClientAPIAccess) clientApiAccessDto {
+	dto := clientApiAccessDto(access)
+	if dto.UserDelegatedPermissionIDs == nil {
+		dto.UserDelegatedPermissionIDs = []string{}
+	}
+	if dto.ClientPermissionIDs == nil {
+		dto.ClientPermissionIDs = []string{}
+	}
+	return dto
+}
+
+func (h *handler) respond(c *gin.Context, status int, api API) {
+	var responseDto apiResponseDto
+	if err := dto.MapStruct(api, &responseDto); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+	responseDto.Resource = api.Audience
+	c.JSON(status, responseDto)
+}

backend/internal/api/models.go

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
+	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/oidc"
+)
+
+type API struct {
+	model.Base
+
+	Name      string `sortable:"true"`
+	Audience  string `sortable:"true"`
+	UpdatedAt *datatype.DateTime
+
+	Permissions []Permission `gorm:"foreignKey:APIID;references:ID;constraint:OnDelete:CASCADE"`
+}
+
+type Permission struct {
+	model.Base
+
+	APIID       string `gorm:"column:api_id"`
+	Key         string `sortable:"true"`
+	Name        string
+	Description *string
+}
+
+func (Permission) TableName() string { return "api_permissions" }
+
+type OidcClientAllowedAPIPermission struct {
+	OidcClientID    string
+	APIPermissionID string
+	SubjectType     oidc.SubjectType
+}
+
+func (OidcClientAllowedAPIPermission) TableName() string {
+	return "oidc_clients_allowed_api_permissions"
+}

backend/internal/api/module.go

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/dto"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/oidc"
+)
+
+type Dependencies struct {
+	DB *gorm.DB
+	// Issuer is the OpenID Provider issuer URL, reserved so a custom API cannot claim it as its audience
+	Issuer string
+}
+
+type Module struct {
+	service *Service
+	handler *handler
+}
+
+func New(deps Dependencies) *Module {
+	service := newService(deps.DB, deps.Issuer)
+	return &Module{
+		service: service,
+		handler: newHandler(service),
+	}
+}
+
+// ClientAPIScopes implements the OIDC module's APIAccessProvider interface
+func (m *Module) ClientAPIScopes(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, clientID string) (scopes []string, audiences []string, err error) {
+	return m.service.ClientAPIScopesAndAudiences(ctx, tx, clientID)
+}
+
+// AllowedScopesForAudience implements the OIDC module's APIAccessProvider interface
+func (m *Module) AllowedScopesForAudience(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, clientID, audience string, subjectType oidc.SubjectType) (scopes []string, apiExists bool, err error) {
+	return m.service.AllowedScopesForAudience(ctx, tx, clientID, audience, subjectType)
+}
+
+// DescribePermissions implements the OIDC module's APIAccessProvider interface
+func (m *Module) DescribePermissions(ctx context.Context, audience string, keys []string) ([]dto.ScopeInfoDto, error) {
+	permissions, err := m.service.DescribePermissions(ctx, audience, keys)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	infos := make([]dto.ScopeInfoDto, len(permissions))
+	for i, permission := range permissions {
+		description := ""
+		if permission.Description != nil {
+			description = *permission.Description
+		}
+		infos[i] = dto.ScopeInfoDto{Key: permission.Key, Name: permission.Name, Description: description}
+	}
+
+	return infos, nil
+}
+
+// RegisterRoutes mounts the admin CRUD endpoints
+// adminAuth is passed in as a gin handler so the module does not import internal/middleware
+func (m *Module) RegisterRoutes(apiGroup *gin.RouterGroup, adminAuth gin.HandlerFunc) {
+	apis := apiGroup.Group("/apis")
+	apis.Use(adminAuth)
+	apis.GET("", m.handler.list)
+	apis.POST("", m.handler.create)
+	apis.GET("/:id", m.handler.get)
+	apis.PUT("/:id", m.handler.update)
+	apis.DELETE("/:id", m.handler.delete)
+	apis.PUT("/:id/permissions", m.handler.updatePermissions)
+
+	// The per-client API-access allow-list lives on a separate path so it does not collide with the /apis/:id wildcard
+	access := apiGroup.Group("/api-access")
+	access.Use(adminAuth)
+	access.GET("/:clientId", m.handler.getClientAccess)
+	access.PUT("/:clientId", m.handler.updateClientAccess)
+}

backend/internal/api/service.go

@@ -0,0 +1,484 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ory/fosite"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
+	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/oidc"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
+)
+
+// isPermissionKeyReserved reports whether the key is a scope or claim name owned by Pocket ID's built-in identity layer
+// A custom API permission must not reuse one, otherwise its scope string would collide with a standard OIDC scope or claim
+func isPermissionKeyReserved(key string) bool {
+	switch strings.ToLower(key) {
+	case "openid", "profile", "email", "email_verified", "groups", "offline_access":
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// isValidPermissionKey reports whether the key consists only of RFC 6749 scope-token characters, which are printable ASCII without space, double-quote or backslash
+// This keeps a key safe as a space-delimited value in the token scope claim and free of the control character used to qualify consent records
+func isValidPermissionKey(key string) bool {
+	return fosite.IsValidScopeToken(key)
+}
+
+// Service holds the business logic for managing APIs and their permissions
+type Service struct {
+	db     *gorm.DB
+	issuer string
+}
+
+func newService(db *gorm.DB, issuer string) *Service {
+	return &Service{db: db, issuer: issuer}
+}
+
+// isIssuerAudience reports whether the audience refers to Pocket ID itself (the issuer)
+// A custom API must not claim the issuer as its audience, otherwise its tokens would be indistinguishable from Pocket ID's own identity tokens
+func isIssuerAudience(audience, issuer string) bool {
+	return issuer != "" && strings.ToLower(strings.TrimRight(audience, "/")) == issuer
+}
+
+func (s *Service) List(ctx context.Context, search string, listRequestOptions utils.ListRequestOptions) (apis []API, response utils.PaginationResponse, err error) {
+	query := s.db.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		Preload("Permissions").
+		Model(&API{})
+
+	if listRequestOptions.Sort.Column == "resource" {
+		listRequestOptions.Sort.Column = "audience"
+	}
+
+	if search != "" {
+		like := "%" + search + "%"
+		query = query.Where("name LIKE ? OR audience LIKE ?", like, like)
+	}
+
+	response, err = utils.PaginateFilterAndSort(listRequestOptions, query, &apis)
+	return apis, response, err
+}
+
+// Get loads an API and its permissions
+func (s *Service) Get(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, id string) (api API, err error) {
+	query := s.db.WithContext(ctx)
+	if tx != nil {
+		query = tx.WithContext(ctx).Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: "UPDATE"})
+	}
+
+	err = query.
+		Preload("Permissions").
+		Where("id = ?", id).
+		First(&api).
+		Error
+	return api, err
+}
+
+func (s *Service) Create(ctx context.Context, input apiCreateDto) (api API, err error) {
+	// Reject the issuer as an audience so a custom API cannot impersonate Pocket ID's own identity tokens
+	if isIssuerAudience(input.Resource, s.issuer) {
+		return API{}, &common.ValidationError{Message: "the resource is reserved by Pocket ID and cannot be used for a custom API"}
+	}
+
+	api = API{
+		Name:     input.Name,
+		Audience: input.Resource,
+	}
+
+	err = s.db.WithContext(ctx).Create(&api).Error
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrDuplicatedKey) {
+			return API{}, &common.AlreadyInUseError{Property: "resource"}
+		}
+		return API{}, err
+	}
+
+	return api, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Service) Update(ctx context.Context, id string, input apiUpdateDto) (api API, err error) {
+	tx := s.db.Begin()
+	defer func() {
+		tx.Rollback()
+	}()
+
+	api, err = s.Get(ctx, tx, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return API{}, err
+	}
+
+	api.Name = input.Name
+	api.UpdatedAt = new(datatype.DateTime(time.Now()))
+
+	err = tx.WithContext(ctx).Save(&api).Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return API{}, err
+	}
+
+	if err = tx.Commit().Error; err != nil {
+		return API{}, err
+	}
+
+	return api, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Service) Delete(ctx context.Context, id string) error {
+	tx := s.db.Begin()
+	defer func() {
+		tx.Rollback()
+	}()
+
+	api, err := s.Get(ctx, tx, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err = s.deletePermissions(ctx, tx, collectIDs(api.Permissions)); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err = tx.WithContext(ctx).Delete(&API{}, "id = ?", id).Error; err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return tx.Commit().Error
+}
+
+// UpdatePermissions replaces the full permission set of an API, matching existing permissions by key
+// Unchanged keys keep their grants, removed keys and their client grants are deleted, and new keys are inserted
+func (s *Service) UpdatePermissions(ctx context.Context, id string, input apiPermissionsUpdateDto) (api API, err error) {
+	tx := s.db.Begin()
+	defer func() {
+		tx.Rollback()
+	}()
+
+	api, err = s.Get(ctx, tx, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return API{}, err
+	}
+
+	// Reject keys with invalid characters, that collide with Pocket ID's reserved scopes and claims, or that repeat within the request before persisting anything
+	// A duplicate key would otherwise be silently coalesced last-wins into the map below, dropping a row behind a 200
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(input.Permissions))
+	for _, permission := range input.Permissions {
+		if !isValidPermissionKey(permission.Key) {
+			return API{}, &common.ValidationError{Message: fmt.Sprintf("the permission key %q contains invalid characters", permission.Key)}
+		}
+		if isPermissionKeyReserved(permission.Key) {
+			return API{}, &common.ValidationError{Message: fmt.Sprintf("the permission key %q is reserved by Pocket ID", permission.Key)}
+		}
+		_, ok := seen[permission.Key]
+		if ok {
+			return API{}, &common.ValidationError{Message: fmt.Sprintf("the permission key %q is listed more than once", permission.Key)}
+		}
+		seen[permission.Key] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	existing := make(map[string]Permission, len(api.Permissions))
+	for _, p := range api.Permissions {
+		existing[p.Key] = p
+	}
+
+	wanted := make(map[string]apiPermissionInputDto, len(input.Permissions))
+	var removedIDs []string
+	for _, in := range input.Permissions {
+		wanted[in.Key] = in
+	}
+
+	// Delete permissions whose key is no longer wanted
+	for key, p := range existing {
+		if _, ok := wanted[key]; !ok {
+			removedIDs = append(removedIDs, p.ID)
+		}
+	}
+	if err = s.deletePermissions(ctx, tx, removedIDs); err != nil {
+		return API{}, err
+	}
+
+	// Insert new keys and update the display fields of existing ones
+	for key, in := range wanted {
+		if cur, ok := existing[key]; ok {
+			err = tx.WithContext(ctx).
+				Model(&Permission{}).
+				Where("id = ?", cur.ID).
+				Updates(map[string]any{"name": in.Name, "description": in.Description}).
+				Error
+			if err != nil {
+				return API{}, err
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		newPermission := Permission{
+			APIID:       api.ID,
+			Key:         in.Key,
+			Name:        in.Name,
+			Description: in.Description,
+		}
+		if err = tx.WithContext(ctx).Create(&newPermission).Error; err != nil {
+			return API{}, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	err = tx.WithContext(ctx).
+		Model(&API{}).
+		Where("id = ?", api.ID).
+		Update("updated_at", new(datatype.DateTime(time.Now()))).
+		Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return API{}, err
+	}
+
+	api, err = s.Get(ctx, tx, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return API{}, err
+	}
+
+	if err = tx.Commit().Error; err != nil {
+		return API{}, err
+	}
+
+	return api, nil
+}
+
+// ClientAPIAccess is the set of API permissions granted to a client, split by the subject the resulting tokens act for
+// User-delegated permissions may be requested on behalf of a signed-in user, client permissions may be obtained by the client itself through the client credentials grant
+type ClientAPIAccess struct {
+	UserDelegatedPermissionIDs []string
+	ClientPermissionIDs        []string
+}
+
+// GetClientAPIAccess returns the API permissions a client is allowed to request, split by subject type
+// Only custom-API permissions are tracked here because the identity scopes are freely requestable by every client
+func (s *Service) GetClientAPIAccess(ctx context.Context, clientID string) (access ClientAPIAccess, err error) {
+	var rows []OidcClientAllowedAPIPermission
+	err = s.db.WithContext(ctx).
+		Where("oidc_client_id = ?", clientID).
+		Find(&rows).
+		Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return ClientAPIAccess{}, err
+	}
+
+	for _, row := range rows {
+		switch row.SubjectType {
+		case oidc.SubjectTypeClient:
+			access.ClientPermissionIDs = append(access.ClientPermissionIDs, row.APIPermissionID)
+		case oidc.SubjectTypeUser:
+			access.UserDelegatedPermissionIDs = append(access.UserDelegatedPermissionIDs, row.APIPermissionID)
+		default:
+			// Nop - ignore
+		}
+	}
+
+	return access, nil
+}
+
+// SetClientAPIAccess replaces the client's API-access grants for both subject types with the given permission IDs
+// Unknown permission IDs are ignored
+// It returns the access that was actually applied
+func (s *Service) SetClientAPIAccess(ctx context.Context, clientID string, access ClientAPIAccess) (applied ClientAPIAccess, err error) {
+	tx := s.db.Begin()
+	defer func() {
+		tx.Rollback()
+	}()
+
+	// Ensure the client exists so callers get a 404 for an unknown client
+	var client model.OidcClient
+	if err = tx.WithContext(ctx).Select("id").Where("id = ?", clientID).First(&client).Error; err != nil {
+		return ClientAPIAccess{}, err
+	}
+
+	applied.UserDelegatedPermissionIDs, err = s.filterAssignablePermissionIDs(ctx, tx, access.UserDelegatedPermissionIDs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ClientAPIAccess{}, err
+	}
+	applied.ClientPermissionIDs, err = s.filterAssignablePermissionIDs(ctx, tx, access.ClientPermissionIDs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ClientAPIAccess{}, err
+	}
+
+	// Replace the grants for this client
+	err = tx.WithContext(ctx).
+		Where("oidc_client_id = ?", clientID).
+		Delete(&OidcClientAllowedAPIPermission{}).
+		Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return ClientAPIAccess{}, err
+	}
+
+	rows := make([]OidcClientAllowedAPIPermission, 0, len(applied.UserDelegatedPermissionIDs)+len(applied.ClientPermissionIDs))
+	for _, permissionID := range applied.UserDelegatedPermissionIDs {
+		rows = append(rows, OidcClientAllowedAPIPermission{OidcClientID: clientID, APIPermissionID: permissionID, SubjectType: oidc.SubjectTypeUser})
+	}
+	for _, permissionID := range applied.ClientPermissionIDs {
+		rows = append(rows, OidcClientAllowedAPIPermission{OidcClientID: clientID, APIPermissionID: permissionID, SubjectType: oidc.SubjectTypeClient})
+	}
+	if len(rows) > 0 {
+		if err = tx.WithContext(ctx).Create(&rows).Error; err != nil {
+			return ClientAPIAccess{}, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err = tx.Commit().Error; err != nil {
+		return ClientAPIAccess{}, err
+	}
+
+	return applied, nil
+}
+
+// ClientAPIScopesAndAudiences returns the permission keys a client may request and the distinct audiences of the custom APIs those permissions belong to, across both subject types
+// The OIDC module uses this to widen fosite's scope and audience validation for the client; the per-flow subject-type enforcement happens when the resource is resolved
+func (s *Service) ClientAPIScopesAndAudiences(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, clientID string) (scopes []string, audiences []string, err error) {
+	if tx == nil {
+		tx = s.db
+	}
+
+	var rows []struct {
+		Key      string
+		Audience string
+	}
+	err = tx.WithContext(ctx).
+		Table("oidc_clients_allowed_api_permissions AS g").
+		Select("api_permissions.key AS key, apis.audience AS audience").
+		Joins("JOIN api_permissions ON api_permissions.id = g.api_permission_id").
+		Joins("JOIN apis ON apis.id = api_permissions.api_id").
+		Where("g.oidc_client_id = ?", clientID).
+		Scan(&rows).
+		Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	scopeSeen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(rows))
+	audienceSeen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(rows))
+	scopes = make([]string, 0, len(rows))
+	audiences = make([]string, 0, len(rows))
+	for _, row := range rows {
+		if _, ok := scopeSeen[row.Key]; !ok {
+			scopeSeen[row.Key] = struct{}{}
+			scopes = append(scopes, row.Key)
+		}
+		if _, ok := audienceSeen[row.Audience]; !ok {
+			audienceSeen[row.Audience] = struct{}{}
+			audiences = append(audiences, row.Audience)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return scopes, audiences, nil
+}
+
+// AllowedScopesForAudience returns the permission keys the client is allowed for the API identified by the given audience and subject type, plus whether such an API exists
+func (s *Service) AllowedScopesForAudience(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, clientID, audience string, subjectType oidc.SubjectType) (scopes []string, apiExists bool, err error) {
+	if tx == nil {
+		tx = s.db
+	}
+
+	var api API
+	err = tx.WithContext(ctx).
+		Select("id").
+		Where("audience = ?", audience).
+		First(&api).
+		Error
+	if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+		return nil, false, nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, false, err
+	}
+
+	err = tx.WithContext(ctx).
+		Table("api_permissions").
+		Select("api_permissions.key").
+		Joins("JOIN oidc_clients_allowed_api_permissions g ON g.api_permission_id = api_permissions.id AND g.oidc_client_id = ? AND g.subject_type = ?", clientID, subjectType).
+		Where("api_permissions.api_id = ?", api.ID).
+		Pluck("api_permissions.key", &scopes).
+		Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, true, err
+	}
+
+	return scopes, true, nil
+}
+
+// DescribePermissions returns the permission rows of the API identified by the given audience whose key is in keys
+// The consent screen uses these to show friendly names instead of raw scope keys
+func (s *Service) DescribePermissions(ctx context.Context, audience string, keys []string) ([]Permission, error) {
+	if len(keys) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	var permissions []Permission
+	err := s.db.WithContext(ctx).
+		Model(&Permission{}).
+		Joins("JOIN apis ON apis.id = api_permissions.api_id").
+		Where("apis.audience = ? AND api_permissions.key IN ?", audience, keys).
+		Find(&permissions).
+		Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return permissions, nil
+}
+
+// filterAssignablePermissionIDs returns the subset of the given permission IDs that exist
+func (s *Service) filterAssignablePermissionIDs(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, permissionIDs []string) ([]string, error) {
+	if len(permissionIDs) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	var valid []string
+	err := tx.WithContext(ctx).
+		Model(&Permission{}).
+		Where("id IN ?", permissionIDs).
+		Pluck("id", &valid).
+		Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return valid, nil
+}
+
+// deletePermissions removes permissions by ID along with any client allow-list grants that reference them
+// The explicit grant delete keeps this correct even when the database does not enforce ON DELETE CASCADE at runtime
+func (s *Service) deletePermissions(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, permissionIDs []string) error {
+	if tx == nil {
+		tx = s.db
+	}
+	if len(permissionIDs) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	err := tx.WithContext(ctx).
+		Where("api_permission_id IN ?", permissionIDs).
+		Delete(&OidcClientAllowedAPIPermission{}).
+		Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return tx.WithContext(ctx).
+		Where("id IN ?", permissionIDs).
+		Delete(&Permission{}).
+		Error
+}
+
+func collectIDs(permissions []Permission) []string {
+	ids := make([]string, len(permissions))
+	for i, p := range permissions {
+		ids[i] = p.ID
+	}
+	return ids
+}

backend/internal/api/service_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/oidc"
+	testutils "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/testing"
+)
+
+func TestAPICrudAndPermissionDiff(t *testing.T) {
+	db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+	svc := New(Dependencies{DB: db}).service
+
+	created, err := svc.Create(t.Context(), apiCreateDto{Name: "Orders API", Resource: "https://api.orders.example.com"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, created.ID)
+
+	// The resource is unique.
+	_, err = svc.Create(t.Context(), apiCreateDto{Name: "Dup", Resource: "https://api.orders.example.com"})
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, &common.AlreadyInUseError{})
+
+	desc := "Read orders"
+	updated, err := svc.UpdatePermissions(t.Context(), created.ID, apiPermissionsUpdateDto{Permissions: []apiPermissionInputDto{
+		{Key: "read:orders", Name: "Read orders", Description: &desc},
+		{Key: "write:orders", Name: "Write orders"},
+	}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, updated.Permissions, 2)
+
+	// Grant a client the read:orders permission for both subject types, then remove that permission
+	// and confirm the grants are cleaned up while write:orders (and its key) survives.
+	readPerm := findPermission(updated, "read:orders")
+	require.NotNil(t, readPerm)
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(&model.OidcClient{Base: model.Base{ID: "client-1"}, Name: "Client 1"}).Error)
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(&OidcClientAllowedAPIPermission{OidcClientID: "client-1", APIPermissionID: readPerm.ID, SubjectType: oidc.SubjectTypeUser}).Error)
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(&OidcClientAllowedAPIPermission{OidcClientID: "client-1", APIPermissionID: readPerm.ID, SubjectType: oidc.SubjectTypeClient}).Error)
+
+	updated, err = svc.UpdatePermissions(t.Context(), created.ID, apiPermissionsUpdateDto{Permissions: []apiPermissionInputDto{
+		{Key: "write:orders", Name: "Write orders (renamed)"},
+	}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, updated.Permissions, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "write:orders", updated.Permissions[0].Key)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Write orders (renamed)", updated.Permissions[0].Name)
+
+	var grantCount int64
+	require.NoError(t, db.Model(&OidcClientAllowedAPIPermission{}).Where("api_permission_id = ?", readPerm.ID).Count(&grantCount).Error)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), grantCount)
+
+	renamed, err := svc.Update(t.Context(), created.ID, apiUpdateDto{Name: "Orders"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Orders", renamed.Name)
+	require.NotNil(t, renamed.UpdatedAt)
+
+	require.NoError(t, svc.Delete(t.Context(), created.ID))
+	_, err = svc.Get(t.Context(), nil, created.ID)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestClientApiAccessAllowList(t *testing.T) {
+	db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+	svc := New(Dependencies{DB: db}).service
+
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(&model.OidcClient{Base: model.Base{ID: "client-1"}, Name: "Client 1"}).Error)
+
+	orders, err := svc.Create(t.Context(), apiCreateDto{Name: "Orders", Resource: "https://api.orders.example.com"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	orders, err = svc.UpdatePermissions(t.Context(), orders.ID, apiPermissionsUpdateDto{Permissions: []apiPermissionInputDto{
+		{Key: "read:orders", Name: "Read"},
+		{Key: "write:orders", Name: "Write"},
+	}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	readID := findPermission(orders, "read:orders").ID
+	writeID := findPermission(orders, "write:orders").ID
+
+	// Unknown IDs are filtered out, and the subject types are stored independently.
+	applied, err := svc.SetClientAPIAccess(t.Context(), "client-1", ClientAPIAccess{
+		UserDelegatedPermissionIDs: []string{readID, "does-not-exist"},
+		ClientPermissionIDs:        []string{writeID, "does-not-exist"},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{readID}, applied.UserDelegatedPermissionIDs)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{writeID}, applied.ClientPermissionIDs)
+
+	got, err := svc.GetClientAPIAccess(t.Context(), "client-1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{readID}, got.UserDelegatedPermissionIDs)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{writeID}, got.ClientPermissionIDs)
+
+	// The same permission can be granted for both subject types, and both sets are fully replaced on each call.
+	_, err = svc.SetClientAPIAccess(t.Context(), "client-1", ClientAPIAccess{
+		UserDelegatedPermissionIDs: []string{readID, writeID},
+		ClientPermissionIDs:        []string{readID},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	got, err = svc.GetClientAPIAccess(t.Context(), "client-1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{readID, writeID}, got.UserDelegatedPermissionIDs)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{readID}, got.ClientPermissionIDs)
+
+	// Clearing one subject type leaves the other untouched.
+	_, err = svc.SetClientAPIAccess(t.Context(), "client-1", ClientAPIAccess{ClientPermissionIDs: []string{readID}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	got, err = svc.GetClientAPIAccess(t.Context(), "client-1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, got.UserDelegatedPermissionIDs)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{readID}, got.ClientPermissionIDs)
+
+	// Clearing everything.
+	_, err = svc.SetClientAPIAccess(t.Context(), "client-1", ClientAPIAccess{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	got, err = svc.GetClientAPIAccess(t.Context(), "client-1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, got.UserDelegatedPermissionIDs)
+	assert.Empty(t, got.ClientPermissionIDs)
+
+	// An unknown client is rejected (surfaces as 404 at the HTTP layer).
+	_, err = svc.SetClientAPIAccess(t.Context(), "nope", ClientAPIAccess{UserDelegatedPermissionIDs: []string{readID}})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+// TestAllowedScopesForAudienceFiltersBySubjectType guards that the scopes resolved for a flow
+// only come from the grants of that flow's subject type.
+func TestAllowedScopesForAudienceFiltersBySubjectType(t *testing.T) {
+	db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+	svc := New(Dependencies{DB: db}).service
+
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(&model.OidcClient{Base: model.Base{ID: "client-1"}, Name: "Client 1"}).Error)
+
+	orders, err := svc.Create(t.Context(), apiCreateDto{Name: "Orders", Resource: "https://api.orders.example.com"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	orders, err = svc.UpdatePermissions(t.Context(), orders.ID, apiPermissionsUpdateDto{Permissions: []apiPermissionInputDto{
+		{Key: "read:orders", Name: "Read"},
+		{Key: "write:orders", Name: "Write"},
+	}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	readID := findPermission(orders, "read:orders").ID
+	writeID := findPermission(orders, "write:orders").ID
+
+	_, err = svc.SetClientAPIAccess(t.Context(), "client-1", ClientAPIAccess{
+		UserDelegatedPermissionIDs: []string{readID},
+		ClientPermissionIDs:        []string{writeID},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	userScopes, exists, err := svc.AllowedScopesForAudience(t.Context(), nil, "client-1", "https://api.orders.example.com", oidc.SubjectTypeUser)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, exists)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"read:orders"}, userScopes)
+
+	clientScopes, exists, err := svc.AllowedScopesForAudience(t.Context(), nil, "client-1", "https://api.orders.example.com", oidc.SubjectTypeClient)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, exists)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"write:orders"}, clientScopes)
+
+	// The fosite widening still sees the union of both subject types.
+	scopes, audiences, err := svc.ClientAPIScopesAndAudiences(t.Context(), nil, "client-1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"read:orders", "write:orders"}, scopes)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"https://api.orders.example.com"}, audiences)
+}
+
+func TestUpdatePermissionsRejectsReservedKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+	svc := New(Dependencies{DB: db}).service
+
+	orders, err := svc.Create(t.Context(), apiCreateDto{Name: "Orders", Resource: "https://api.orders.example.com"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	for _, key := range []string{"openid", "profile", "email", "email_verified", "groups", "offline_access", "Email"} {
+		_, err := svc.UpdatePermissions(t.Context(), orders.ID, apiPermissionsUpdateDto{Permissions: []apiPermissionInputDto{
+			{Key: key, Name: "Reserved"},
+		}})
+		require.Error(t, err, "key %q must be rejected", key)
+		var validationErr *common.ValidationError
+		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &validationErr)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUpdatePermissionsRejectsDuplicateKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+	svc := New(Dependencies{DB: db}).service
+
+	orders, err := svc.Create(t.Context(), apiCreateDto{Name: "Orders", Resource: "https://api.orders.example.com"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Two rows with the same key must be rejected rather than silently coalesced last-wins
+	_, err = svc.UpdatePermissions(t.Context(), orders.ID, apiPermissionsUpdateDto{Permissions: []apiPermissionInputDto{
+		{Key: "read:orders", Name: "Read"},
+		{Key: "read:orders", Name: "Read again"},
+	}})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	var validationErr *common.ValidationError
+	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &validationErr)
+}
+
+func TestUpdatePermissionsRejectsInvalidKeyCharacters(t *testing.T) {
+	db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+	svc := New(Dependencies{DB: db}).service
+
+	orders, err := svc.Create(t.Context(), apiCreateDto{Name: "Orders", Resource: "https://api.orders.example.com"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// A space corrupts the space-delimited scope claim, and the unit separator is the consent delimiter
+	for _, key := range []string{"read orders", "read\x1forders", "read\"orders", "bad\\key", "tab\tkey"} {
+		_, err := svc.UpdatePermissions(t.Context(), orders.ID, apiPermissionsUpdateDto{Permissions: []apiPermissionInputDto{
+			{Key: key, Name: "Invalid"},
+		}})
+		require.Error(t, err, "key %q must be rejected", key)
+		var validationErr *common.ValidationError
+		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &validationErr)
+	}
+
+	// A valid scope-token key is accepted
+	_, err = svc.UpdatePermissions(t.Context(), orders.ID, apiPermissionsUpdateDto{Permissions: []apiPermissionInputDto{
+		{Key: "read:orders", Name: "Read"},
+	}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestCreateRejectsIssuerResource(t *testing.T) {
+	db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+	const issuer = "https://id.example.com"
+	svc := New(Dependencies{DB: db, Issuer: issuer}).service
+
+	// The issuer itself, a trailing-slash variant, and a different-cased variant are all reserved
+	for _, resource := range []string{issuer, issuer + "/", "https://ID.example.com"} {
+		_, err := svc.Create(t.Context(), apiCreateDto{Name: "Reserved", Resource: resource})
+		require.Error(t, err, "resource %q must be rejected", resource)
+		var validationErr *common.ValidationError
+		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &validationErr)
+	}
+
+	// A normal resource is accepted
+	_, err := svc.Create(t.Context(), apiCreateDto{Name: "Orders", Resource: "https://api.orders.example.com"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestCreateAcceptsAbsoluteResourceURIs(t *testing.T) {
+	db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+	svc := New(Dependencies{DB: db}).service
+
+	for _, resource := range []string{"https://api.orders.example.com", "api://PocketID", "urn:my-app"} {
+		_, err := svc.Create(t.Context(), apiCreateDto{Name: "Orders", Resource: resource})
+		require.NoError(t, err, "resource %q must be accepted", resource)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDescribePermissions(t *testing.T) {
+	db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+	svc := New(Dependencies{DB: db}).service
+
+	orders, err := svc.Create(t.Context(), apiCreateDto{Name: "Orders", Resource: "https://api.orders.example.com"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	desc := "Read orders"
+	_, err = svc.UpdatePermissions(t.Context(), orders.ID, apiPermissionsUpdateDto{Permissions: []apiPermissionInputDto{
+		{Key: "read:orders", Name: "Read orders", Description: &desc},
+		{Key: "write:orders", Name: "Write orders"},
+	}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	infos, err := svc.DescribePermissions(t.Context(), "https://api.orders.example.com", []string{"read:orders", "unknown"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, infos, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "read:orders", infos[0].Key)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Read orders", infos[0].Name)
+	require.NotNil(t, infos[0].Description)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Read orders", *infos[0].Description)
+}
+
+func findPermission(api API, key string) *Permission {
+	for i := range api.Permissions {
+		if api.Permissions[i].Key == key {
+			return &api.Permissions[i]
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}

backend/internal/apikey/dto.go

@@ -1,26 +1,30 @@
-package dto
+package apikey
 
 import (
 	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
 )
 
-type ApiKeyCreateDto struct {
+type apiKeyCreateDto struct {
 	Name        string            `json:"name" binding:"required,min=3,max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
-	Description string            `json:"description" unorm:"nfc"`
+	Description *string           `json:"description" unorm:"nfc"`
 	ExpiresAt   datatype.DateTime `json:"expiresAt" binding:"required"`
 }
 
-type ApiKeyDto struct {
+type apiKeyRenewDto struct {
+	ExpiresAt datatype.DateTime `json:"expiresAt" binding:"required"`
+}
+
+type apiKeyDto struct {
 	ID                  string             `json:"id"`
 	Name                string             `json:"name"`
-	Description         string             `json:"description"`
+	Description         *string            `json:"description"`
 	ExpiresAt           datatype.DateTime  `json:"expiresAt"`
 	LastUsedAt          *datatype.DateTime `json:"lastUsedAt"`
 	CreatedAt           datatype.DateTime  `json:"createdAt"`
 	ExpirationEmailSent bool               `json:"expirationEmailSent"`
 }
 
-type ApiKeyResponseDto struct {
-	ApiKey ApiKeyDto `json:"apiKey"`
+type apiKeyResponseDto struct {
+	ApiKey apiKeyDto `json:"apiKey"`
 	Token  string    `json:"token"`
 }

backend/internal/apikey/handler.go

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+package apikey
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/dto"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+)
+
+type handler struct {
+	service *Service
+}
+
+func newHandler(service *Service) *handler {
+	return &handler{service: service}
+}
+
+// list godoc
+// @Summary List API keys
+// @Description Get a paginated list of API keys belonging to the current user
+// @Tags API Keys
+// @Param pagination[page] query int false "Page number for pagination" default(1)
+// @Param pagination[limit] query int false "Number of items per page" default(20)
+// @Param sort[column] query string false "Column to sort by"
+// @Param sort[direction] query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
+// @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[apiKeyDto]
+// @Router /api/api-keys [get]
+func (h *handler) list(c *gin.Context) {
+	listRequestOptions := utils.ParseListRequestOptions(c)
+
+	userID := c.GetString("userID")
+
+	apiKeys, pagination, err := h.service.ListApiKeys(c.Request.Context(), userID, listRequestOptions)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var apiKeysDto []apiKeyDto
+	if err := dto.MapStructList(apiKeys, &apiKeysDto); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, dto.Paginated[apiKeyDto]{
+		Data:       apiKeysDto,
+		Pagination: pagination,
+	})
+}
+
+// create godoc
+// @Summary Create API key
+// @Description Create a new API key for the current user
+// @Tags API Keys
+// @Param api_key body apiKeyCreateDto true "API key information"
+// @Success 201 {object} apiKeyResponseDto "Created API key with token"
+// @Router /api/api-keys [post]
+func (h *handler) create(c *gin.Context) {
+	userID := c.GetString("userID")
+
+	var input apiKeyCreateDto
+	if err := dto.ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(c, &input); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	apiKey, token, err := h.service.CreateApiKey(c.Request.Context(), userID, input)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var responseDto apiKeyDto
+	if err := dto.MapStruct(apiKey, &responseDto); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusCreated, apiKeyResponseDto{
+		ApiKey: responseDto,
+		Token:  token,
+	})
+}
+
+// renew godoc
+// @Summary Renew API key
+// @Description Renew an existing API key by ID
+// @Tags API Keys
+// @Param id path string true "API Key ID"
+// @Success 200 {object} apiKeyResponseDto "Renewed API key with new token"
+// @Router /api/api-keys/{id}/renew [post]
+func (h *handler) renew(c *gin.Context) {
+	userID := c.GetString("userID")
+	apiKeyID := c.Param("id")
+
+	var input apiKeyRenewDto
+	if err := dto.ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(c, &input); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	apiKey, token, err := h.service.RenewApiKey(c.Request.Context(), userID, apiKeyID, input.ExpiresAt.ToTime())
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var responseDto apiKeyDto
+	if err := dto.MapStruct(apiKey, &responseDto); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, apiKeyResponseDto{
+		ApiKey: responseDto,
+		Token:  token,
+	})
+}
+
+// revoke godoc
+// @Summary Revoke API key
+// @Description Revoke (delete) an existing API key by ID
+// @Tags API Keys
+// @Param id path string true "API Key ID"
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/api-keys/{id} [delete]
+func (h *handler) revoke(c *gin.Context) {
+	userID := c.GetString("userID")
+	apiKeyID := c.Param("id")
+
+	if err := h.service.RevokeApiKey(c.Request.Context(), userID, apiKeyID); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}

backend/internal/apikey/models.go

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
-package model
+package apikey
 
-import datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+import (
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
+	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+)
 
+// ApiKey is a personal access token a user can use to authenticate against the API
 type ApiKey struct {
-	Base
+	model.Base
 
 	Name                string `sortable:"true"`
 	Key                 string
@@ -13,5 +17,5 @@ type ApiKey struct {
 	ExpirationEmailSent bool
 
 	UserID string
-	User   User
+	User   model.User
 }

backend/internal/apikey/module.go

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package apikey
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
+)
+
+type Dependencies struct {
+	DB           *gorm.DB
+	StaticApiKey string
+}
+
+type Module struct {
+	service *Service
+	handler *handler
+}
+
+func New(ctx context.Context, deps Dependencies) (*Module, error) {
+	service, err := newService(ctx, deps.DB, deps.StaticApiKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &Module{
+		service: service,
+		handler: newHandler(service),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// RegisterRoutes mounts the API key management endpoints
+// authWithoutApiKey disables API key authentication so an API key cannot be used to mint or renew further API keys
+func (m *Module) RegisterRoutes(apiGroup *gin.RouterGroup, auth, authWithoutApiKey gin.HandlerFunc) {
+	group := apiGroup.Group("/api-keys")
+	group.GET("", auth, m.handler.list)
+	group.POST("", authWithoutApiKey, m.handler.create)
+	group.POST("/:id/renew", authWithoutApiKey, m.handler.renew)
+	group.DELETE("/:id", auth, m.handler.revoke)
+}
+
+// ValidateApiKey resolves the user that owns the given raw API key
+// It is used by the authentication middleware
+func (m *Module) ValidateApiKey(ctx context.Context, apiKey string) (model.User, error) {
+	return m.service.ValidateApiKey(ctx, apiKey)
+}
+
+// ListExpiringApiKeys returns API keys expiring within the given number of days that have not been notified yet
+func (m *Module) ListExpiringApiKeys(ctx context.Context, daysAhead int) ([]ApiKey, error) {
+	return m.service.ListExpiringApiKeys(ctx, daysAhead)
+}
+
+// MarkExpirationEmailSent records that the expiration notification email was sent for the given API key
+func (m *Module) MarkExpirationEmailSent(ctx context.Context, apiKeyID string) error {
+	return m.service.MarkExpirationEmailSent(ctx, apiKeyID)
+}

backend/internal/apikey/service.go

@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+package apikey
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"time"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
+	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+)
+
+// Service holds the business logic for managing user API keys
+type Service struct {
+	db           *gorm.DB
+	staticApiKey string
+}
+
+func newService(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, staticApiKey string) (*Service, error) {
+	s := &Service{
+		db:           db,
+		staticApiKey: staticApiKey,
+	}
+
+	if staticApiKey == "" {
+		err := s.deleteStaticApiKeyUser(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return s, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Service) ListApiKeys(ctx context.Context, userID string, listRequestOptions utils.ListRequestOptions) ([]ApiKey, utils.PaginationResponse, error) {
+	query := s.db.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		Where("user_id = ?", userID).
+		Model(&ApiKey{})
+
+	var apiKeys []ApiKey
+	pagination, err := utils.PaginateFilterAndSort(listRequestOptions, query, &apiKeys)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, utils.PaginationResponse{}, err
+	}
+
+	return apiKeys, pagination, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Service) CreateApiKey(ctx context.Context, userID string, input apiKeyCreateDto) (ApiKey, string, error) {
+	// Check if expiration is in the future
+	if !input.ExpiresAt.ToTime().After(time.Now()) {
+		return ApiKey{}, "", &common.APIKeyExpirationDateError{}
+	}
+
+	// Generate a secure random API key
+	token, err := utils.GenerateRandomAlphanumericString(32)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ApiKey{}, "", err
+	}
+
+	apiKey := ApiKey{
+		Name:        input.Name,
+		Key:         utils.CreateSha256Hash(token), // Hash the token for storage
+		Description: input.Description,
+		ExpiresAt:   input.ExpiresAt,
+		UserID:      userID,
+	}
+
+	err = s.db.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		Create(&apiKey).
+		Error
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrDuplicatedKey) {
+			return ApiKey{}, "", &common.AlreadyInUseError{Property: "API key name"}
+		}
+		return ApiKey{}, "", err
+	}
+
+	// Return the raw token only once - it cannot be retrieved later
+	return apiKey, token, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Service) RenewApiKey(ctx context.Context, userID, apiKeyID string, expiration time.Time) (ApiKey, string, error) {
+	// Check if expiration is in the future
+	if !expiration.After(time.Now()) {
+		return ApiKey{}, "", &common.APIKeyExpirationDateError{}
+	}
+
+	tx := s.db.Begin()
+	defer tx.Rollback()
+
+	var apiKey ApiKey
+	err := tx.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		Model(&ApiKey{}).
+		Where("id = ? AND user_id = ?", apiKeyID, userID).
+		First(&apiKey).
+		Error
+
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+			return ApiKey{}, "", &common.APIKeyNotFoundError{}
+		}
+		return ApiKey{}, "", err
+	}
+
+	// Only allow renewal if the key has already expired
+	if apiKey.ExpiresAt.ToTime().After(time.Now()) {
+		return ApiKey{}, "", &common.APIKeyNotExpiredError{}
+	}
+
+	// Generate a secure random API key
+	token, err := utils.GenerateRandomAlphanumericString(32)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ApiKey{}, "", err
+	}
+
+	apiKey.Key = utils.CreateSha256Hash(token)
+	apiKey.ExpiresAt = datatype.DateTime(expiration)
+
+	err = tx.WithContext(ctx).Save(&apiKey).Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return ApiKey{}, "", err
+	}
+
+	if err := tx.Commit().Error; err != nil {
+		return ApiKey{}, "", err
+	}
+
+	return apiKey, token, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Service) RevokeApiKey(ctx context.Context, userID, apiKeyID string) error {
+	var apiKey ApiKey
+	err := s.db.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		Where("id = ? AND user_id = ?", apiKeyID, userID).
+		Delete(&apiKey).
+		Error
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+			return &common.APIKeyNotFoundError{}
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *Service) ValidateApiKey(ctx context.Context, apiKey string) (model.User, error) {
+	if apiKey == "" {
+		return model.User{}, &common.NoAPIKeyProvidedError{}
+	}
+
+	if s.staticApiKey != "" && apiKey == s.staticApiKey {
+		return s.initStaticApiKeyUser(ctx)
+	}
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	hashedKey := utils.CreateSha256Hash(apiKey)
+
+	var key ApiKey
+	err := s.db.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		Model(&ApiKey{}).
+		Clauses(clause.Returning{}).
+		Where("key = ? AND expires_at > ?", hashedKey, datatype.DateTime(now)).
+		Updates(&ApiKey{
+			LastUsedAt: new(datatype.DateTime(now)),
+		}).
+		Preload("User").
+		First(&key).
+		Error
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+			return model.User{}, &common.InvalidAPIKeyError{}
+		}
+
+		return model.User{}, err
+	}
+
+	return key.User, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Service) ListExpiringApiKeys(ctx context.Context, daysAhead int) ([]ApiKey, error) {
+	var keys []ApiKey
+	now := time.Now()
+	cutoff := now.AddDate(0, 0, daysAhead)
+
+	err := s.db.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		Preload("User").
+		Where("expires_at > ? AND expires_at <= ? AND expiration_email_sent = ?", datatype.DateTime(now), datatype.DateTime(cutoff), false).
+		Find(&keys).
+		Error
+
+	return keys, err
+}
+
+// MarkExpirationEmailSent records that the expiration notification email was sent for the given API key
+func (s *Service) MarkExpirationEmailSent(ctx context.Context, apiKeyID string) error {
+	return s.db.WithContext(ctx).
+		Model(&ApiKey{}).
+		Where("id = ?", apiKeyID).
+		Update("expiration_email_sent", true).
+		Error
+}
+
+func (s *Service) initStaticApiKeyUser(ctx context.Context) (user model.User, err error) {
+	err = s.db.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		First(&user, "id = ?", common.StaticApiKeyUserID).
+		Error
+
+	if err == nil {
+		return user, nil
+	}
+
+	if !errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+		return model.User{}, err
+	}
+
+	usernameSuffix, err := utils.GenerateRandomAlphanumericString(6)
+	if err != nil {
+		return model.User{}, err
+	}
+
+	user = model.User{
+		Base: model.Base{
+			ID: common.StaticApiKeyUserID,
+		},
+		FirstName:   "Static API User",
+		Username:    "static-api-user-" + usernameSuffix,
+		DisplayName: "Static API User",
+		IsAdmin:     true,
+	}
+
+	err = s.db.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		Create(&user).
+		Error
+
+	return user, err
+}
+
+func (s *Service) deleteStaticApiKeyUser(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return s.db.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		Delete(&model.User{}, "id = ?", common.StaticApiKeyUserID).
+		Error
+}

backend/internal/appconfig/app_config_middleware.go

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package appconfig
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+// appConfigCtxKey is the context key used to store the AppConfigResolver in the http.Request's context
+type appConfigCtxKey struct{}
+
+type appConfigResolver func(ctx context.Context) (*AppConfigModel, error)
+
+// AppConfigMiddleware is a Gin middleware that makes the application configuration available to all downstream handlers through the request's context
+type AppConfigMiddleware struct {
+	appConfigService *AppConfigService
+}
+
+func NewAppConfigMiddleware(appConfigService *AppConfigService) *AppConfigMiddleware {
+	return &AppConfigMiddleware{
+		appConfigService: appConfigService,
+	}
+}
+
+// Add returns a Gin middleware that stores an AppConfigResolver in the http.Request's context
+// The resolver loads the application configuration lazily on the first call and caches it for the duration of the request
+func (m *AppConfigMiddleware) Add() gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		reqCtx := c.Request.Context()
+
+		// Create a cache for each request in the middleware's scope, so it's unique per each request
+		var (
+			once sync.Once
+			cfg  *AppConfigModel
+			err  error
+		)
+		// Note: the resolver accepts a context argument, it doesn't use the request's own
+		// This can be used for example for tracing
+		resolver := appConfigResolver(func(ctx context.Context) (*AppConfigModel, error) {
+			once.Do(func() {
+				cfg, err = m.appConfigService.GetConfig(ctx)
+			})
+			return cfg, err
+		})
+
+		// Store the resolver in the request's context
+		c.Request = c.Request.WithContext(context.WithValue(reqCtx, appConfigCtxKey{}, resolver))
+
+		c.Next()
+	}
+}
+
+// FromCtx retrieves the app config from the context
+func FromCtx(ctx context.Context) (*AppConfigModel, error) {
+	resolver, ok := ctx.Value(appConfigCtxKey{}).(appConfigResolver)
+	if !ok || resolver == nil {
+		// Indicates a development-time error
+		return nil, errors.New("middleware AppConfigMiddleware was not registered for the handler")
+	}
+
+	return resolver(ctx)
+}

backend/internal/appconfig/appconfig_actor.go

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+package appconfig
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/italypaleale/francis/actor"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+)
+
+// The AppConfig singleton actor maintains the dynamic configuration for the Pocket ID cluster
+// Instances of Pocket ID should bootstrap the AppConfig's actor upon startup to ensure the config is loaded (and migrated if needed)
+// After startup, Peek can be used for read-only operations such as retrieving the config or listing it
+
+// AppConfigActorType is the actor type for the AppConfig actor
+const AppConfigActorType = "AppConfig"
+
+// appConfigActor is a singleton actor that manages the dynamic app configuration
+type appConfigActor struct {
+	log    *slog.Logger
+	client actor.Client[*AppConfigModel]
+}
+
+// appConfigActorBootstrap is the type for the payload of the init method
+type appConfigActorBootstrap struct {
+	LegacyConfig map[string]string
+}
+
+// NewAppConfigActor allocates a new AppConfig actor
+// It satisfies actor.Factory
+func NewAppConfigActor(actorID string, service *actor.Service) actor.Actor {
+	log := slog.
+		With(
+			slog.String("scope", "actor"),
+			slog.String("actorType", AppConfigActorType),
+			slog.String("actorID", actorID),
+		)
+
+	log.Info("AppConfig actor created")
+
+	return &appConfigActor{
+		log:    log,
+		client: actor.NewActorClient[*AppConfigModel](AppConfigActorType, actorID, service),
+	}
+}
+
+// Bootstrap implements actor.ActorBootstrapper for the singleton actor
+func (a *appConfigActor) Bootstrap(parentCtx context.Context, data actor.Envelope) error {
+	// Load the actor state
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(parentCtx, 10*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	state, err := a.client.GetState(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error retrieving actor state: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// If we already have a state, nothing else to do
+	if state != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Check if the request data contains legacy config to init from
+	if data != nil {
+		payload := appConfigActorBootstrap{}
+		err = data.Decode(&payload)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("request body is not valid for method 'init': %w", err)
+		}
+
+		if len(payload.LegacyConfig) > 0 {
+			state, err = fromLegacyConfig(payload.LegacyConfig)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("request body is not valid for method 'init': LegacyConfig property could not be parsed: %w", err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// If we still have no state, generate a new default config
+	if state == nil {
+		state = getDefaultConfig()
+	}
+
+	// Save the updated state
+	ctx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(parentCtx, 10*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	err = a.client.SetState(ctx, state, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error saving actor state: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (a *appConfigActor) Peek(parentCtx context.Context, method string, data actor.Envelope) (any, error) {
+	// Only supported method is "get"
+	if method != "get" {
+		return nil, common.ErrUnsupportedActorMethod{Method: method}
+	}
+
+	// Load the actor state
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(parentCtx, 10*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	state, err := a.client.GetState(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error retrieving actor state: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Return the state
+	return state, nil
+}

backend/internal/appconfig/legacy_config.go

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package appconfig
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
+)
+
+// loadLegacyConfig loads the legacy config from the database
+// This was migrated to the "config_migrated" key in the kv table
+func LoadLegacyConfig(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB) (map[string]string, error) {
+	// Retrieve the migrated config from the kv table
+	row := model.KV{
+		Key: "config_migrated",
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 10*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	err := db.WithContext(ctx).First(&row).Error
+	switch {
+	case errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound):
+		// There's no migrated config in the database, nothing to do
+		return nil, nil
+	case err != nil:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load migrated config from the database: %w", err)
+	case row.Value == nil || len(*row.Value) == 0:
+		// Also no migrated config, nothing to do
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	// The value is a JSON-encoded dictionary
+	res := map[string]string{}
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(*row.Value), &res)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error parsing migrated config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(res) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return res, nil
+}

backend/internal/appconfig/model.go

@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+package appconfig
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/italypaleale/go-kit/utils"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/dto"
+)
+
+type AppConfigModel struct {
+	// General
+	AppName             AppConfigValue `json:"appName" public:"true"`
+	SessionDuration     AppConfigValue `json:"sessionDuration" type:"int"` // In minutes
+	HomePageURL         AppConfigValue `json:"homePageUrl" public:"true"`
+	EmailsVerified      AppConfigValue `json:"emailsVerified" type:"bool"`
+	AccentColor         AppConfigValue `json:"accentColor" public:"true"`
+	DisableAnimations   AppConfigValue `json:"disableAnimations" type:"bool" public:"true"`
+	AllowOwnAccountEdit AppConfigValue `json:"allowOwnAccountEdit" type:"bool" public:"true"`
+	AllowUserSignups    AppConfigValue `json:"allowUserSignups" public:"true"`
+
+	SignupDefaultUserGroupIDs AppConfigValue `json:"signupDefaultUserGroupIDs"` // JSON-encoded array of strings
+	SignupDefaultCustomClaims AppConfigValue `json:"signupDefaultCustomClaims"` // JSON-encoded array of {key:string,value:string}
+	// Email
+	RequireUserEmail                           AppConfigValue `json:"requireUserEmail" type:"bool" public:"true"`
+	SmtpHost                                   AppConfigValue `json:"smtpHost"`
+	SmtpPort                                   AppConfigValue `json:"smtpPort"`
+	SmtpFrom                                   AppConfigValue `json:"smtpFrom"`
+	SmtpUser                                   AppConfigValue `json:"smtpUser"`
+	SmtpPassword                               AppConfigValue `json:"smtpPassword" sensitive:"true"`
+	SmtpTls                                    AppConfigValue `json:"smtpTls"`
+	SmtpSkipCertVerify                         AppConfigValue `json:"smtpSkipCertVerify" type:"bool"`
+	EmailLoginNotificationEnabled              AppConfigValue `json:"emailLoginNotificationEnabled" type:"bool"`
+	EmailOneTimeAccessAsUnauthenticatedEnabled AppConfigValue `json:"emailOneTimeAccessAsUnauthenticatedEnabled" type:"bool" public:"true"`
+	EmailOneTimeAccessAsAdminEnabled           AppConfigValue `json:"emailOneTimeAccessAsAdminEnabled" type:"bool" public:"true"`
+	EmailApiKeyExpirationEnabled               AppConfigValue `json:"emailApiKeyExpirationEnabled" type:"bool"`
+	EmailVerificationEnabled                   AppConfigValue `json:"emailVerificationEnabled" type:"bool" public:"true"`
+	// LDAP
+	LdapEnabled                        AppConfigValue `json:"ldapEnabled" type:"bool" public:"true"`
+	LdapUrl                            AppConfigValue `json:"ldapUrl"`
+	LdapBindDn                         AppConfigValue `json:"ldapBindDn"`
+	LdapBindPassword                   AppConfigValue `json:"ldapBindPassword" sensitive:"true"`
+	LdapBase                           AppConfigValue `json:"ldapBase"`
+	LdapUserSearchFilter               AppConfigValue `json:"ldapUserSearchFilter"`
+	LdapUserGroupSearchFilter          AppConfigValue `json:"ldapUserGroupSearchFilter"`
+	LdapSkipCertVerify                 AppConfigValue `json:"ldapSkipCertVerify" type:"bool"`
+	LdapAttributeUserUniqueIdentifier  AppConfigValue `json:"ldapAttributeUserUniqueIdentifier"`
+	LdapAttributeUserUsername          AppConfigValue `json:"ldapAttributeUserUsername"`
+	LdapAttributeUserEmail             AppConfigValue `json:"ldapAttributeUserEmail"`
+	LdapAttributeUserFirstName         AppConfigValue `json:"ldapAttributeUserFirstName"`
+	LdapAttributeUserLastName          AppConfigValue `json:"ldapAttributeUserLastName"`
+	LdapAttributeUserDisplayName       AppConfigValue `json:"ldapAttributeUserDisplayName"`
+	LdapAttributeUserProfilePicture    AppConfigValue `json:"ldapAttributeUserProfilePicture"`
+	LdapAttributeGroupMember           AppConfigValue `json:"ldapAttributeGroupMember"`
+	LdapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier AppConfigValue `json:"ldapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier"`
+	LdapAttributeGroupName             AppConfigValue `json:"ldapAttributeGroupName"`
+	LdapAdminGroupName                 AppConfigValue `json:"ldapAdminGroupName"`
+	LdapSoftDeleteUsers                AppConfigValue `json:"ldapSoftDeleteUsers" type:"bool"`
+}
+
+// AppConfigValue holds a value
+type AppConfigValue string
+
+// IsTrue returns true if the value is a truthy string, such as "true", "t", "yes", "1", etc.
+func (a AppConfigValue) IsTrue() bool {
+	return utils.IsTruthy(string(a))
+}
+
+// AsDurationMinutes returns the value as a time.Duration, interpreting the string as a whole number of minutes.
+func (a AppConfigValue) AsDurationMinutes() time.Duration {
+	val, err := strconv.Atoi(string(a))
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return time.Duration(val) * time.Minute
+}
+
+// String implements fmt.Stringer
+func (a AppConfigValue) String() string {
+	return string(a)
+}
+
+func getDefaultConfig() *AppConfigModel {
+	// Values are the default ones
+	return &AppConfigModel{
+		// General
+		AppName:                   "Pocket ID",
+		SessionDuration:           "60",
+		HomePageURL:               "/settings/account",
+		EmailsVerified:            "false",
+		DisableAnimations:         "false",
+		AllowOwnAccountEdit:       "true",
+		AllowUserSignups:          "disabled",
+		SignupDefaultUserGroupIDs: "[]",
+		SignupDefaultCustomClaims: "[]",
+		AccentColor:               "default",
+		// Email
+		RequireUserEmail:              "true",
+		SmtpHost:                      "",
+		SmtpPort:                      "",
+		SmtpFrom:                      "",
+		SmtpUser:                      "",
+		SmtpPassword:                  "",
+		SmtpTls:                       "none",
+		SmtpSkipCertVerify:            "false",
+		EmailLoginNotificationEnabled: "false",
+		EmailOneTimeAccessAsUnauthenticatedEnabled: "false",
+		EmailOneTimeAccessAsAdminEnabled:           "false",
+		EmailApiKeyExpirationEnabled:               "false",
+		EmailVerificationEnabled:                   "false",
+		// LDAP
+		LdapEnabled:                        "false",
+		LdapUrl:                            "",
+		LdapBindDn:                         "",
+		LdapBindPassword:                   "",
+		LdapBase:                           "",
+		LdapUserSearchFilter:               "(objectClass=person)",
+		LdapUserGroupSearchFilter:          "(objectClass=groupOfNames)",
+		LdapSkipCertVerify:                 "false",
+		LdapAttributeUserUniqueIdentifier:  "",
+		LdapAttributeUserUsername:          "",
+		LdapAttributeUserEmail:             "",
+		LdapAttributeUserFirstName:         "",
+		LdapAttributeUserLastName:          "",
+		LdapAttributeUserDisplayName:       "cn",
+		LdapAttributeUserProfilePicture:    "",
+		LdapAttributeGroupMember:           "member",
+		LdapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier: "",
+		LdapAttributeGroupName:             "",
+		LdapAdminGroupName:                 "",
+		LdapSoftDeleteUsers:                "true",
+	}
+}
+
+// fromLegacyConfig builds an appConfigModel from a legacy config map
+// The map's keys correspond to the "json" tags on appConfigModel, and all values are strings that are cast to each field's type
+// Keys that are missing (or have an empty value) retain the default value
+func fromLegacyConfig(legacyCfg map[string]string) (*AppConfigModel, error) {
+	// Start from the default configuration, then override with the values from the legacy config
+	dest := getDefaultConfig()
+
+	rt := reflect.ValueOf(dest).Elem().Type()
+	rv := reflect.ValueOf(dest).Elem()
+	for i := range rt.NumField() {
+		field := rt.Field(i)
+
+		// Get the value of the json tag, taking only what's before the comma
+		key, _, _ := strings.Cut(field.Tag.Get("json"), ",")
+
+		// Look up the value in the legacy config
+		// If the key is missing or the value is empty, we keep the default value
+		value, ok := legacyCfg[key]
+		if !ok || value == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Cast the string value to the field's type
+		fv := rv.Field(i)
+		switch fv.Kind() { //nolint:exhaustive
+		case reflect.String:
+			fv.SetString(value)
+		case reflect.Bool:
+			fv.SetBool(utils.IsTruthy(value))
+		case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
+			n, err := strconv.ParseInt(value, 10, 64)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse integer value for key '%s': %w", key, err)
+			}
+			fv.SetInt(n)
+		default:
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported field type '%s' for key '%s'", fv.Kind(), key)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return dest, nil
+}
+
+// Replace updates every configuration property with the values from the input DTO
+// An empty string value resets the corresponding property to its default value
+func (m *AppConfigModel) Replace(input dto.AppConfigUpdateDto) error {
+	// Collect the values from the input DTO into a map, keyed by the "json" tag
+	inRv := reflect.ValueOf(input)
+	inRt := inRv.Type()
+	values := make(map[string]string, inRt.NumField())
+	for i := range inRt.NumField() {
+		// Get the value of the json tag, taking only what's before the comma
+		key, _, _ := strings.Cut(inRt.Field(i).Tag.Get("json"), ",")
+		values[key] = inRv.Field(i).String()
+	}
+
+	// Iterate through all the properties, setting each one from the input
+	// Properties that are missing from the input or have an empty value are reset to their default
+	defaults := reflect.ValueOf(getDefaultConfig()).Elem()
+	rv := reflect.ValueOf(m).Elem()
+	rt := rv.Type()
+	for i := range rt.NumField() {
+		key, _, _ := strings.Cut(rt.Field(i).Tag.Get("json"), ",")
+
+		value, ok := values[key]
+		if !ok || value == "" {
+			value = defaults.Field(i).String()
+		}
+
+		rv.Field(i).SetString(value)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Update sets configuration properties from the provided key-value pairs
+// Keys correspond to the "json" tags on the model
+// An empty string value resets the property to its default value
+func (m *AppConfigModel) Update(keysAndValues ...string) error {
+	// Count of keysAndValues must be even
+	if len(keysAndValues)%2 != 0 {
+		return errors.New("invalid number of arguments received")
+	}
+
+	rv := reflect.ValueOf(m).Elem()
+	rt := rv.Type()
+	defaults := reflect.ValueOf(getDefaultConfig()).Elem()
+
+	// Iterate through the key-value pairs
+	// (Note the += 2, as we are iterating through key-value pairs)
+	for i := 1; i < len(keysAndValues); i += 2 {
+		key := keysAndValues[i-1]
+		value := keysAndValues[i]
+
+		// Find the field in the struct whose "json" tag matches
+		fieldIdx := -1
+		for j := range rt.NumField() {
+			// Separate the key (before the comma) from any optional attributes after
+			tagValue, _, _ := strings.Cut(rt.Field(j).Tag.Get("json"), ",")
+			if tagValue == key {
+				fieldIdx = j
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if fieldIdx < 0 {
+			return AppConfigKeyNotFoundError{field: key}
+		}
+
+		// An empty string means we use the default value for the property
+		if value == "" {
+			value = defaults.Field(fieldIdx).String()
+		}
+
+		rv.Field(fieldIdx).SetString(value)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+type AppConfigKeyNotFoundError struct {
+	field string
+}
+
+func (e AppConfigKeyNotFoundError) Error() string {
+	return "cannot find config key '" + e.field + "'"
+}
+
+func (e AppConfigKeyNotFoundError) Is(target error) bool {
+	// Ignore the field property when checking if an error is of the type AppConfigKeyNotFoundError
+	_, ok := errors.AsType[*AppConfigKeyNotFoundError](target)
+	return ok
+}

backend/internal/appconfig/model_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+package appconfig
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/dto"
+)
+
+// dtoWithMarkerValues returns a DTO where every field is set to a unique, non-empty marker derived from its "json" key, so we can assert each value lands in the right place.
+func dtoWithMarkerValues() dto.AppConfigUpdateDto {
+	var input dto.AppConfigUpdateDto
+	rv := reflect.ValueOf(&input).Elem()
+	rt := rv.Type()
+	for i := range rt.NumField() {
+		key, _, _ := strings.Cut(rt.Field(i).Tag.Get("json"), ",")
+		rv.Field(i).SetString("marker-" + key)
+	}
+	return input
+}
+
+func TestAppConfigModel_Replace(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("populates every property from the DTO", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := dtoWithMarkerValues()
+
+		var m AppConfigModel
+		err := m.Replace(input)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Each model property must hold the marker built from its own "json" key.
+		// This also asserts that the model and the DTO share the same set of keys.
+		rv := reflect.ValueOf(&m).Elem()
+		rt := rv.Type()
+		for i := range rt.NumField() {
+			key, _, _ := strings.Cut(rt.Field(i).Tag.Get("json"), ",")
+			assert.Equalf(t, "marker-"+key, rv.Field(i).String(), "property %s (key %q)", rt.Field(i).Name, key)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("empty values fall back to their default", func(t *testing.T) {
+		defaults := getDefaultConfig()
+
+		// Start from all-markers, then blank out a few properties whose default is non-empty
+		input := dtoWithMarkerValues()
+		input.AppName = ""
+		input.SessionDuration = ""
+		input.SmtpTls = ""
+		input.LdapUserSearchFilter = ""
+
+		var m AppConfigModel
+		err := m.Replace(input)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Blanked properties are reset to their default
+		assert.Equal(t, defaults.AppName, m.AppName)
+		assert.Equal(t, defaults.SessionDuration, m.SessionDuration)
+		assert.Equal(t, defaults.SmtpTls, m.SmtpTls)
+		assert.Equal(t, defaults.LdapUserSearchFilter, m.LdapUserSearchFilter)
+
+		// A property that was provided keeps the provided value
+		assert.Equal(t, "marker-homePageUrl", m.HomePageURL)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("an empty DTO resets every property to its default", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Pre-populate with junk to prove Replace overwrites existing state
+		m := AppConfigModel{
+			AppName:     "Custom Name",
+			LdapEnabled: "true",
+			SmtpHost:    "smtp.example.com",
+		}
+
+		err := m.Replace(dto.AppConfigUpdateDto{})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, *getDefaultConfig(), m)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("provided values overwrite existing non-default values", func(t *testing.T) {
+		m := getDefaultConfig()
+		m.AppName = "Old Name"
+		m.LdapEnabled = "true"
+
+		input := dto.AppConfigUpdateDto{}
+		input.AppName = "New Name"
+
+		err := m.Replace(input)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Explicitly provided value wins
+		assert.Equal(t, "New Name", m.AppName)
+		// Everything else in the DTO was empty, so it is reset to the default
+		assert.Equal(t, getDefaultConfig().LdapEnabled, m.LdapEnabled)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("stores raw string values without type coercion", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := dto.AppConfigUpdateDto{}
+		input.SessionDuration = "120" // int-tagged property
+		input.LdapEnabled = "true"    // bool-tagged property
+
+		var m AppConfigModel
+		err := m.Replace(input)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "120", m.SessionDuration)
+		assert.Equal(t, "true", m.LdapEnabled)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAppConfigModel_Update(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("updates a single property", func(t *testing.T) {
+		m := getDefaultConfig()
+
+		err := m.Update("appName", "My App")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "My App", m.AppName)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("updates multiple properties and leaves others untouched", func(t *testing.T) {
+		m := getDefaultConfig()
+
+		err := m.Update("appName", "My App", "homePageUrl", "/home", "ldapEnabled", "true")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "My App", m.AppName)
+		assert.Equal(t, "/home", m.HomePageURL)
+		assert.Equal(t, "true", m.LdapEnabled)
+		// A property that was not part of the update keeps its previous value
+		assert.Equal(t, getDefaultConfig().SessionDuration, m.SessionDuration)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("an empty value resets the property to its default", func(t *testing.T) {
+		m := getDefaultConfig()
+		m.SmtpTls = "tls"         // default is "none"
+		m.SessionDuration = "120" // default is "60"
+
+		err := m.Update("smtpTls", "", "sessionDuration", "")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, getDefaultConfig().SmtpTls, m.SmtpTls)
+		assert.Equal(t, getDefaultConfig().SessionDuration, m.SessionDuration)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("stores raw string values without type coercion", func(t *testing.T) {
+		m := getDefaultConfig()
+
+		err := m.Update("sessionDuration", "120", "disableAnimations", "true")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "120", m.SessionDuration)
+		assert.Equal(t, "true", m.DisableAnimations)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("later value wins for a repeated key", func(t *testing.T) {
+		m := getDefaultConfig()
+
+		err := m.Update("appName", "First", "appName", "Second")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "Second", m.AppName)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no arguments is a no-op", func(t *testing.T) {
+		m := getDefaultConfig()
+		before := *m
+
+		err := m.Update()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, before, *m)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("an odd number of arguments returns an error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		m := getDefaultConfig()
+		before := *m
+
+		err := m.Update("appName")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.EqualError(t, err, "invalid number of arguments received")
+
+		// The config must not have been modified
+		assert.Equal(t, before, *m)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("an unknown key returns AppConfigKeyNotFoundError", func(t *testing.T) {
+		m := getDefaultConfig()
+
+		err := m.Update("thisKeyDoesNotExist", "value")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.EqualError(t, err, "cannot find config key 'thisKeyDoesNotExist'")
+
+		notFound, ok := errors.AsType[AppConfigKeyNotFoundError](err)
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Equal(t, "thisKeyDoesNotExist", notFound.field)
+	})
+}

backend/internal/appconfig/service.go

@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+package appconfig
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/italypaleale/francis/actor"
+	"github.com/italypaleale/francis/host/local"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/dto"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/tracing"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+)
+
+type AppConfigService struct {
+	actSvc    *actor.Service
+	envConfig *AppConfigModel
+}
+
+func NewService(ctx context.Context, actors *local.Host, db *gorm.DB) (service *AppConfigService, err error) {
+	service = &AppConfigService{}
+
+	// If the UI config is disabled, we do not need to init the config actor
+	if common.EnvConfig.UiConfigDisabled {
+		service.envConfig, err = service.loadDbConfigFromEnv()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("error loading app config from the env: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		return service, nil
+	}
+
+	// Note: we need to assign to the "err" variable in this method (for tracing), do not inline this into the "if"
+	ctx, span := tracing.Start(ctx, "pocketid.appconfig.init")
+	defer tracing.End(span, err)
+
+	// Load the legacy config if any, which we need to send to the actor as bootstrap data
+	legacyCfg, err := LoadLegacyConfig(ctx, db)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error loading legacy config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Register the AppConfig actor
+	// This is a singleton actor and it's bootstrapped with the legacy config if present
+	bootstrapData := &appConfigActorBootstrap{
+		LegacyConfig: legacyCfg,
+	}
+	err = actors.RegisterSingletonActor(
+		AppConfigActorType, NewAppConfigActor,
+		local.WithBootstrapData(bootstrapData),
+		local.WithIdleTimeout(-1), // Disable idle timeout for this actor
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error registering the %s actor: %w", AppConfigActorType, err)
+	}
+
+	service.actSvc = actors.Service()
+
+	return service, nil
+}
+
+// GetConfig returns the application configuration
+// Important: Treat the object as read-only: do not modify its properties directly!
+func (s *AppConfigService) GetConfig(parentCtx context.Context) (*AppConfigModel, error) {
+	// If the UI config is disabled, only load from the env
+	if common.EnvConfig.UiConfigDisabled {
+		return s.envConfig, nil
+	}
+
+	// Retrieve the config from the actor
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(parentCtx, 10*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	res, err := s.actSvc.Peek(ctx, AppConfigActorType, actor.SingletonActorID, "get", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error retrieving config from actor: %w", err)
+	}
+	if res == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("config actor response was empty")
+	}
+
+	var cfg AppConfigModel
+	err = res.Decode(&cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error decoding config actor response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return &cfg, nil
+}
+
+func (s *AppConfigService) updateAppConfigUpdateDatabase(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, dbUpdate *[]model.AppConfigVariable) error {
+	err := tx.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		Clauses(clause.OnConflict{
+			// Perform an "upsert" if the key already exists, replacing the value
+			Columns:   []clause.Column{{Name: "key"}},
+			DoUpdates: clause.AssignmentColumns([]string{"value"}),
+		}).
+		Create(&dbUpdate).
+		Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to update config in database: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *AppConfigService) UpdateAppConfig(ctx context.Context, input dto.AppConfigUpdateDto) ([]model.AppConfigVariable, error) {
+	if common.EnvConfig.UiConfigDisabled {
+		return nil, &common.UiConfigDisabledError{}
+	}
+
+	// From here onwards, we know we are the only process/goroutine with exclusive access to the config
+	// Re-load the config from the database to be sure we have the correct data
+	cfg, err := s.loadDbConfigInternal(ctx, tx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to reload config from database: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	defaultCfg := getDefaultConfig()
+
+	// Iterate through all the fields to update
+	// We update the in-memory data (in the cfg struct) and collect values to update in the database
+	rt := reflect.ValueOf(input).Type()
+	rv := reflect.ValueOf(input)
+	dbUpdate := make([]model.AppConfigVariable, 0, rt.NumField())
+	for field := range rt.Fields() {
+		value := rv.FieldByName(field.Name).String()
+
+		// Get the value of the json tag, taking only what's before the comma
+		key, _, _ := strings.Cut(field.Tag.Get("json"), ",")
+
+		// Update the in-memory config value
+		// If the new value is an empty string, then we set the in-memory value to the default one
+		if value == "" {
+			// Ignore errors here as we know the key exists
+			defaultValue, _ := defaultCfg.FieldByKey(key)
+			err = cfg.UpdateField(key, defaultValue)
+		} else {
+			err = cfg.UpdateField(key, value)
+		}
+
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to update in-memory config for key '%s': %w", key, err)
+		}
+
+		// We always save "value" which can be an empty string
+		dbUpdate = append(dbUpdate, model.AppConfigVariable{
+			Key:   key,
+			Value: value,
+		})
+	}
+
+	// Update the values in the database
+	err = s.updateAppConfigUpdateDatabase(ctx, tx, &dbUpdate)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Commit the changes to the DB, then finally save the updated config in the object
+	err = tx.Commit().Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to commit transaction: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	s.dbConfig.Store(cfg)
+
+	// Return the updated config
+	res := cfg.ToAppConfigVariableSlice(true, false)
+	return res, nil
+}
+
+// UpdateAppConfigValues updates the application configuration values in the database.
+func (s *AppConfigService) UpdateAppConfigValues(ctx context.Context, keysAndValues ...string) error {
+	// Count of keysAndValues must be even
+	if len(keysAndValues)%2 != 0 {
+		return errors.New("invalid number of arguments received")
+	}
+
+	if common.EnvConfig.UiConfigDisabled {
+		return &common.UiConfigDisabledError{}
+	}
+
+	// Start the transaction
+	tx, err := s.updateAppConfigStartTransaction(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer tx.Rollback()
+
+	// From here onwards, we know we are the only process/goroutine with exclusive access to the config
+	// Re-load the config from the database to be sure we have the correct data
+	cfg, err := s.loadDbConfigInternal(ctx, tx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to reload config from database: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	defaultCfg := getDefaultDbConfig()
+
+	// Iterate through all the fields to update
+	// We update the in-memory data (in the cfg struct) and collect values to update in the database
+	// (Note the += 2, as we are iterating through key-value pairs)
+	dbUpdate := make([]model.AppConfigVariable, 0, len(keysAndValues)/2)
+	for i := 1; i < len(keysAndValues); i += 2 {
+		key := keysAndValues[i-1]
+		value := keysAndValues[i]
+
+		// Ensure that the field is valid
+		// We do this by grabbing the default value
+		var defaultValue string
+		defaultValue, err := defaultCfg.FieldByKey(key)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid configuration key '%s': %w", key, err)
+		}
+
+		// Update the in-memory config value
+		// If the new value is an empty string, then we set the in-memory value to the default one
+		if value == "" {
+			err = cfg.UpdateField(key, defaultValue)
+		} else {
+			err = cfg.UpdateField(key, value)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to update in-memory config for key '%s': %w", key, err)
+		}
+
+		// We always save "value" which can be an empty string
+		dbUpdate = append(dbUpdate, model.AppConfigVariable{
+			Key:   key,
+			Value: value,
+		})
+	}
+
+	// Update the values in the database
+	err = s.updateAppConfigUpdateDatabase(ctx, tx, &dbUpdate)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Commit the changes to the DB, then finally save the updated config in the object
+	err = tx.Commit().Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to commit transaction: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	s.dbConfig.Store(cfg)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *AppConfigService) ListAppConfig(showAll bool) []model.AppConfigVariable {
+	return s.GetDbConfig().ToAppConfigVariableSlice(showAll, true)
+}
+
+func (s *AppConfigService) loadDbConfigFromEnv() (*AppConfigModel, error) {
+	// First, start from the default configuration
+	dest := getDefaultConfig()
+
+	// Iterate through each field
+	rt := reflect.ValueOf(dest).Elem().Type()
+	rv := reflect.ValueOf(dest).Elem()
+	for i := range rt.NumField() {
+		field := rt.Field(i)
+
+		// Get the key and internal tag values
+		key, attrs, _ := strings.Cut(field.Tag.Get("key"), ",")
+		envVarName := utils.CamelCaseToScreamingSnakeCase(key)
+
+		// Set the value if it's set
+		value, ok := os.LookupEnv(envVarName)
+		if ok {
+			rv.Field(i).Set(reflect.ValueOf(value))
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// If it's sensitive, we also allow reading from file
+		if attrs == "sensitive" {
+			fileName := os.Getenv(envVarName + "_FILE")
+			if fileName != "" {
+				// #nosec G703 - Value is provided by admin
+				b, err := os.ReadFile(fileName)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read secret '%s' from file '%s': %w", envVarName, fileName, err)
+				}
+
+				rv.Field(i).Set(reflect.ValueOf(string(b)))
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return dest, nil
+}

backend/internal/appconfig/testing_unit.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//go:build unit
+
+// This file contains utils for unit tests and it's only built when the "unit" tag is set
+package appconfig
+
+// NewTestAppConfigService is a function used by tests to create AppConfigService objects with pre-defined configuration values
+func NewTestAppConfigService(config *AppConfigModel) *AppConfigService {
+	if config == nil {
+		// If there's no config, set the default one
+		config = getDefaultConfig()
+	}
+
+	service := &AppConfigService{
+		envConfig: config,
+	}
+
+	return service
+}

backend/internal/bootstrap/actors_bootstrap.go

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+package bootstrap
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/italypaleale/francis/builtin/ratelimit"
+	"github.com/italypaleale/francis/components/postgres"
+	"github.com/italypaleale/francis/host/local"
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgxpool"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/job"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/storage"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/crypto"
+)
+
+type NewActorsOpts struct {
+	SQLite   *sql.DB
+	Postgres *pgxpool.Pool
+
+	EnvConfig   *common.EnvConfigSchema
+	InstanceID  string
+	HttpClient  *http.Client
+	DB          *gorm.DB
+	FileStorage storage.FileStorage
+}
+
+func NewActors(o NewActorsOpts) (*local.Host, map[string]*ratelimit.RateLimitService, error) {
+	log := slog.Default()
+
+	// Derive a PSK from the global encryption key
+	// The runtime PSK derives the cluster CA used for host-to-host mTLS
+	psk, err := o.getPSK()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to derive PSK: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Options for the host
+	opts := []local.HostOption{
+		local.WithAddress(net.JoinHostPort(o.EnvConfig.ActorsHost, o.EnvConfig.ActorsPort)),
+		local.WithLogger(log.With("scope", "actor-host")),
+		local.WithRuntimePSKs(psk),
+		local.WithShutdownGracePeriod(10 * time.Second),
+	}
+
+	// Add the database connection
+	providerOpt, err := o.getProvider()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	opts = append(opts, providerOpt)
+
+	// Create a new actor host
+	h, err := local.NewHost(opts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create actor host: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Add all cron jobs
+	err = o.registerCronJobs(h)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Add the rate limiters
+	rateLimiters, err := o.registerRateLimiters(h)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Bind a service for each rate limiter so the middleware can invoke them
+	rateLimitServices := make(map[string]*ratelimit.RateLimitService, len(rateLimiters))
+	for name, rl := range rateLimiters {
+		rateLimitServices[name] = rl.Service(h.Service())
+	}
+
+	return h, rateLimitServices, nil
+}
+
+// Derive a PSK from the global encryption key
+func (o *NewActorsOpts) getPSK() ([]byte, error) {
+	// This is tied to the instance ID of the Pocket ID deployment/cluster
+	// Note: changing the key derivation or the seed is a breaking change
+	return crypto.DeriveKey(o.EnvConfig.EncryptionKey, "pocketid/actors-psk/"+o.InstanceID)
+}
+
+func (o *NewActorsOpts) getProvider() (local.HostOption, error) {
+	switch {
+	case o.Postgres != nil && o.SQLite != nil:
+		return nil, errors.New("cannot have both Postgres and SQLite connections")
+	case o.Postgres != nil:
+		return local.WithPostgresProvider(postgres.PostgresProviderOptions{
+			DB: o.Postgres,
+		}), nil
+	case o.SQLite != nil:
+		return local.WithSQLiteProvider(local.SQLiteProviderOptions{
+			DB: o.SQLite,
+		}), nil
+	default:
+		return nil, errors.New("one of Postgres and SQLite must be set")
+	}
+}
+
+func (o *NewActorsOpts) registerCronJobs(host *local.Host) (err error) {
+	// In test mode, we do not register anything
+	if common.EnvConfig.AppEnv == "test" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Register the analytics job
+	analyticsJob, err := job.GetAnalyticsJob(o.HttpClient, o.InstanceID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get analytics cron job: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// This could be nil if analytics are disabled
+	if analyticsJob != nil {
+		err = host.RegisterBuiltInActor(analyticsJob)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error registering built-in actor for analytics job: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Register the file cleanup jobs
+	fileCleanupJobs, err := job.GetFileCleanupJobs(o.DB, o.FileStorage)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get file cleanup cron jobs: %w", err)
+	}
+	for _, j := range fileCleanupJobs {
+		err = host.RegisterBuiltInActor(j)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error registering built-in actor for cleanup job: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// registerRateLimiters creates a built-in rate-limit actor for each middleware policy and returns both the created actors (keyed by policy name) and the host options to register them
+// Unlike cron jobs, rate limiters keep no durable state, so they are registered in every environment
+func (o *NewActorsOpts) registerRateLimiters(host *local.Host) (actors map[string]*ratelimit.RateLimit, err error) {
+	policies := middleware.RateLimitPolicies()
+	actors = make(map[string]*ratelimit.RateLimit, len(policies))
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		rl, err := ratelimit.New(
+			p.Name,
+			ratelimit.WithRate(p.Rate),
+			ratelimit.WithPer(p.Per),
+			ratelimit.WithBurst(p.Burst),
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("error creating rate limiter %q: %w", p.Name, err)
+		}
+		actors[p.Name] = rl
+
+		err = host.RegisterBuiltInActor(rl)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("error registering built-in actor for rate limiter '%s': %w", p.Name, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return actors, nil
+}

backend/internal/bootstrap/actors_bootstrap_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package bootstrap
+
+import (
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+)
+
+func TestNewActorsOptsGetPSKUsesStableValue(t *testing.T) {
+	opts := NewActorsOpts{
+		EnvConfig: &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+			EncryptionKey: []byte("test-encryption-key"),
+		},
+		// Constant value for this test
+		InstanceID: "ee05c3eb-8129-47a6-a1c7-849998b6f876",
+	}
+
+	expectedHex := "db09067fa194c3731bf77b6415a1c5d903f03d4557605ba3236b31f6eddfc8d7"
+	expected, err := hex.DecodeString(expectedHex)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	actual, err := opts.getPSK()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equalf(t, expected, actual, "actual result: %s", actual)
+}

backend/internal/bootstrap/app_images_bootstrap.go

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+package bootstrap
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/storage"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/resources"
+)
+
+// initApplicationImages copies the images from the embedded directory to the storage backend
+// and returns a map containing the detected file extensions in the application-images directory.
+//
+//nolint:gocognit
+func initApplicationImages(ctx context.Context, fileStorage storage.FileStorage) (map[string]string, error) {
+	// Previous versions of images
+	// If these are found, they are deleted
+	legacyImageHashes := imageHashMap{
+		"background.jpg":  mustDecodeHex("138d510030ed845d1d74de34658acabff562d306476454369a60ab8ade31933f"),
+		"background.webp": mustDecodeHex("3fc436a66d6b872b01d96a4e75046c46b5c3e2daccd51e98ecdf98fd445599ab"),
+	}
+
+	sourceFiles, err := resources.FS.ReadDir("images")
+	if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read directory: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	destinationFiles, err := fileStorage.List(ctx, "application-images")
+	if err != nil {
+		if storage.IsNotExist(err) {
+			destinationFiles = []storage.ObjectInfo{}
+		} else {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to list application images: %w", err)
+		}
+
+	}
+	dstNameToExt := make(map[string]string, len(destinationFiles))
+	for _, f := range destinationFiles {
+		// Skip directories
+		_, name := path.Split(f.Path)
+		if name == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		nameWithoutExt, ext := utils.SplitFileName(name)
+		reader, _, err := fileStorage.Open(ctx, f.Path)
+		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
+				continue
+			}
+			slog.Warn("Failed to open application image for hashing", slog.String("name", name), slog.Any("error", err))
+			continue
+		}
+		hash, err := hashStream(reader)
+		reader.Close()
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Warn("Failed to hash application image", slog.String("name", name), slog.Any("error", err))
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Check if the file is a legacy one - if so, delete it
+		if legacyImageHashes.Contains(hash) {
+			slog.Info("Found legacy application image that will be removed", slog.String("name", name))
+			if err := fileStorage.Delete(ctx, f.Path); err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to remove legacy file '%s': %w", name, err)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		dstNameToExt[nameWithoutExt] = ext
+	}
+
+	initedPath := path.Join("application-images", ".inited")
+	if _, _, err := fileStorage.Open(ctx, initedPath); err == nil {
+		return dstNameToExt, nil
+	} else if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read .inited: %w", err)
+	} else {
+		err := fileStorage.Save(ctx, initedPath, strings.NewReader(""))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to store .inited: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Copy images from the images directory to the application-images directory if they don't already exist
+	for _, sourceFile := range sourceFiles {
+		if sourceFile.IsDir() {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		name := sourceFile.Name()
+		nameWithoutExt, ext := utils.SplitFileName(name)
+		srcFilePath := path.Join("images", name)
+
+		if _, exists := dstNameToExt[nameWithoutExt]; exists {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		slog.Info("Writing new application image", slog.String("name", name))
+		srcFile, err := resources.FS.Open(srcFilePath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to open embedded file '%s': %w", name, err)
+		}
+		if err := fileStorage.Save(ctx, path.Join("application-images", name), srcFile); err != nil {
+			srcFile.Close()
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to store application image '%s': %w", name, err)
+		}
+		srcFile.Close()
+		dstNameToExt[nameWithoutExt] = ext
+	}
+
+	return dstNameToExt, nil
+}
+
+type imageHashMap map[string][]byte
+
+func (m imageHashMap) Contains(target []byte) bool {
+	if len(target) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, h := range m {
+		if bytes.Equal(h, target) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func mustDecodeHex(str string) []byte {
+	b, err := hex.DecodeString(str)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return b
+}
+
+func hashStream(r io.Reader) ([]byte, error) {
+	h := sha256.New()
+	if _, err := io.Copy(h, r); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return h.Sum(nil), nil
+}

backend/internal/bootstrap/application_images_bootstrap.go

@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-package bootstrap
-
-import (
-	"log"
-	"os"
-	"path"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/resources"
-)
-
-// initApplicationImages copies the images from the images directory to the application-images directory
-func initApplicationImages() {
-	dirPath := common.EnvConfig.UploadPath + "/application-images"
-
-	sourceFiles, err := resources.FS.ReadDir("images")
-	if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		log.Fatalf("Error reading directory: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	destinationFiles, err := os.ReadDir(dirPath)
-	if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		log.Fatalf("Error reading directory: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Copy images from the images directory to the application-images directory if they don't already exist
-	for _, sourceFile := range sourceFiles {
-		if sourceFile.IsDir() || imageAlreadyExists(sourceFile.Name(), destinationFiles) {
-			continue
-		}
-		srcFilePath := path.Join("images", sourceFile.Name())
-		destFilePath := path.Join(dirPath, sourceFile.Name())
-
-		err := utils.CopyEmbeddedFileToDisk(srcFilePath, destFilePath)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatalf("Error copying file: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func imageAlreadyExists(fileName string, destinationFiles []os.DirEntry) bool {
-	for _, destinationFile := range destinationFiles {
-		sourceFileWithoutExtension := getImageNameWithoutExtension(fileName)
-		destinationFileWithoutExtension := getImageNameWithoutExtension(destinationFile.Name())
-
-		if sourceFileWithoutExtension == destinationFileWithoutExtension {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-
-	return false
-}
-
-func getImageNameWithoutExtension(fileName string) string {
-	idx := strings.LastIndexByte(fileName, '.')
-	if idx < 1 {
-		// No dot found, or fileName starts with a dot
-		return fileName
-	}
-
-	return fileName[:idx]
-}

backend/internal/bootstrap/bootstrap.go

@@ -2,68 +2,247 @@ package bootstrap
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
+	"log/slog"
 	"time"
 
 	_ "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/source/file"
 
+	"github.com/italypaleale/francis/host/local"
+	"github.com/italypaleale/go-kit/servicerunner"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/instanceid"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/job"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/storage"
 )
 
 func Bootstrap(ctx context.Context) error {
-	initApplicationImages()
+	// List of services to run
+	services := make([]servicerunner.Service, 0, 3)
+	shutdowns := &shutdownManager{
+		fns: make([]servicerunner.Service, 0, 4),
+	}
 
-	// Initialize the tracer and metrics exporter
-	shutdownFns, httpClient, err := initOtel(ctx, common.EnvConfig.MetricsEnabled, common.EnvConfig.TracingEnabled)
+	// Initialize the observability stack, including the logger, distributed tracing, and metrics
+	shutdownFns, httpClient, err := initObservability(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize OpenTelemetry: %w", err)
 	}
+	shutdowns.Add(shutdownFns...)
 
-	// Connect to the database
-	db := NewDatabase()
+	slog.InfoContext(ctx, "Pocket ID is starting")
 
-	// Create all services
-	svc, err := initServices(ctx, db, httpClient)
+	// Init database
+	db, pg, err := NewDatabase(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize services: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize database: %w", err)
+	}
+	if pg != nil {
+		defer func() {
+			// Close the database connection pool only after the shutdown functions have run: some of them (e.g. releasing the application lock) still need to query the database.
+			pg.Close()
+		}()
 	}
 
-	// Init the job scheduler
+	// Load the instance ID
+	// This is stored in the "kv" table, and generated on first startup
+	instanceID, err := instanceid.Load(ctx, db)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize instance ID: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Init storage
+	fileStorage, err := InitStorage(ctx, db)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize file storage (backend: %s): %w", common.EnvConfig.FileBackend, err)
+	}
+
+	// Init application images
+	imageExtensions, err := initApplicationImages(ctx, fileStorage)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize application images: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Init the scheduler
 	scheduler, err := job.NewScheduler()
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create job scheduler: %w", err)
 	}
-	err = registerScheduledJobs(ctx, db, svc, httpClient, scheduler)
+
+	// Init the actors
+	// The actor host is created and started before the services, so services can depend on it once it's ready
+	actorsOpts := NewActorsOpts{
+		Postgres: pg,
+
+		EnvConfig:   &common.EnvConfig,
+		InstanceID:  instanceID,
+		HttpClient:  httpClient,
+		DB:          db,
+		FileStorage: fileStorage,
+	}
+	if pg == nil {
+		actorsOpts.SQLite, err = db.DB()
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get *sql.DB connection from Gorm: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	actors, rateLimitServices, err := NewActors(actorsOpts)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register scheduled jobs: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize actors: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Run the actor host as a background service and get a "ready" signal that other services can wait on
+	actorsRun, actorsReady := actorsRunServiceFn(actors)
+	services = append(services, actorsRun)
+
+	// Create all services
+	svc, err := initServices(ctx, db, instanceID, actors, httpClient, imageExtensions, fileStorage, scheduler)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize services: %w", err)
+	}
+	services = append(services, svc.appLockService.RunRenewal)
+
+	// Acquire the lock from the app lock service
+	waitUntil, err := svc.appLockService.Acquire(ctx, false)
+	if errors.Is(err, service.ErrLockUnavailable) {
+		return errors.New("it appears that there's already one instance of Pocket ID running; running multiple replicas of Pocket ID is currently not supported")
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to acquire application lock: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	case <-time.After(time.Until(waitUntil)):
+	}
+
+	shutdowns.Add(func(shutdownCtx context.Context) error {
+		sErr := svc.appLockService.Release(shutdownCtx)
+		if sErr != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to release application lock: %w", sErr)
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	// Register scheduled jobs, only in non-test mode
+	if common.EnvConfig.AppEnv != "test" {
+		err = registerScheduledJobs(ctx, db, svc, scheduler)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to register scheduled jobs: %w", err)
+		}
+		services = append(services, scheduler.Run)
 	}
 
 	// Init the router
-	router := initRouter(db, svc)
+	// The rate-limit middleware invokes the actor host with each request's own context, so the setup context is intentionally not threaded through the router
+	//nolint:contextcheck
+	router, err := initRouter(db, svc, rateLimitServices)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize router: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// The router must wait on the actor host being ready, since the rate-limit middleware invokes actors
+	services = append(services, actorsReady.Await(router))
 
 	// Run all background services
 	// This call blocks until the context is canceled
-	err = utils.
-		NewServiceRunner(router, scheduler.Run).
-		Run(ctx)
+	err = servicerunner.NewServiceRunner(services...).Run(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to run services: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	// Invoke all shutdown functions
-	// We give these a timeout of 5s
-	// Note: we use a background context because the run context has been canceled already
-	shutdownCtx, shutdownCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
-	defer shutdownCancel()
-	err = utils.
-		NewServiceRunner(shutdownFns...).
-		Run(shutdownCtx) //nolint:contextcheck
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Printf("Error shutting down services: %v", err)
-	}
+	// Run all shutdown functions
+	shutdowns.Run(ctx)
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+// actorsRunServiceFn wraps the actor host's Run method in a background service and returns a "ready" signal that other services can wait on
+func actorsRunServiceFn(actors *local.Host) (servicerunner.Service, *servicerunner.Ready) {
+	actorsReady := servicerunner.NewReady()
+	fn := func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		runErrCh := make(chan error, 1)
+		go func() {
+			runErrCh <- actors.Run(ctx)
+		}()
+
+		// Wait for the right signal
+		select {
+		case <-actors.Ready():
+			// Actor host is ready, signal actorsReady
+			actorsReady.Signal()
+		case runErr := <-runErrCh:
+			// Run returned with an error
+			return runErr
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			// Context canceled
+			return ctx.Err()
+		}
+
+		// Now the actor host is running
+		// This goroutine must stay up until the actor host returns
+		// Here, context cancellation will surface through this channel too
+		return <-runErrCh
+	}
+
+	return fn, actorsReady
+}
+
+func InitStorage(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB) (fileStorage storage.FileStorage, err error) {
+	switch common.EnvConfig.FileBackend {
+	case storage.TypeFileSystem:
+		fileStorage, err = storage.NewFilesystemStorage(common.EnvConfig.UploadPath)
+	case storage.TypeDatabase:
+		fileStorage, err = storage.NewDatabaseStorage(db)
+	case storage.TypeS3:
+		s3Cfg := storage.S3Config{
+			Bucket:                        common.EnvConfig.S3Bucket,
+			Region:                        common.EnvConfig.S3Region,
+			Endpoint:                      common.EnvConfig.S3Endpoint,
+			AccessKeyID:                   common.EnvConfig.S3AccessKeyID,
+			SecretAccessKey:               common.EnvConfig.S3SecretAccessKey,
+			ForcePathStyle:                common.EnvConfig.S3ForcePathStyle,
+			DisableDefaultIntegrityChecks: common.EnvConfig.S3DisableDefaultIntegrityChecks,
+			Root:                          common.EnvConfig.UploadPath,
+		}
+		fileStorage, err = storage.NewS3Storage(ctx, s3Cfg)
+	default:
+		err = fmt.Errorf("unknown file storage backend: %s", common.EnvConfig.FileBackend)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return fileStorage, err
+	}
+
+	return fileStorage, nil
+}
+
+type shutdownManager struct {
+	fns []servicerunner.Service
+}
+
+func (s *shutdownManager) Add(fns ...servicerunner.Service) {
+	for _, fn := range fns {
+		if fn == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		s.fns = append(s.fns, fn)
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *shutdownManager) Run(ctx context.Context) {
+	// Cleanup functions are one-shot and must each run to completion independently, so we set WaitAll to true
+	sr := servicerunner.NewServiceRunner(s.fns...)
+	sr.WaitAll = true
+
+	shutdownCtx, shutdownCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.WithoutCancel(ctx), 5*time.Second)
+	defer shutdownCancel()
+	err := sr.Run(shutdownCtx)
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.ErrorContext(ctx, "Error shutting down services", slog.Any("error", err))
+	}
+}

backend/internal/bootstrap/db_bootstrap.go

@@ -1,187 +1,192 @@
 package bootstrap
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
-	"net/url"
-	"os"
-	"strings"
+	"log/slog"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/glebarez/sqlite"
-	"github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4"
-	"github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/database"
-	postgresMigrate "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/database/postgres"
-	sqliteMigrate "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/database/sqlite3"
-	"github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/source/iofs"
+	_ "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/source/github"
+	sqlitekit "github.com/italypaleale/go-sql-utils/sqlite"
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgxpool"
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/stdlib"
+	"github.com/libtnb/sqlite"
+	slogGorm "github.com/orandin/slog-gorm"
 	"gorm.io/driver/postgres"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
-	"gorm.io/gorm/logger"
+	gormLogger "gorm.io/gorm/logger"
+	tracingGorm "gorm.io/plugin/opentelemetry/tracing"
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
 	sqliteutil "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/sqlite"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/resources"
 )
 
-func NewDatabase() (db *gorm.DB) {
-	db, err := connectDatabase()
+func NewDatabase(ctx context.Context) (db *gorm.DB, pg *pgxpool.Pool, err error) {
+	db, pg, err = ConnectDatabase(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("failed to connect to database: %v", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to database: %w", err)
 	}
 	sqlDb, err := db.DB()
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("failed to get sql.DB: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Choose the correct driver for the database provider
-	var driver database.Driver
-	switch common.EnvConfig.DbProvider {
-	case common.DbProviderSqlite:
-		driver, err = sqliteMigrate.WithInstance(sqlDb, &sqliteMigrate.Config{})
-	case common.DbProviderPostgres:
-		driver, err = postgresMigrate.WithInstance(sqlDb, &postgresMigrate.Config{})
-	default:
-		// Should never happen at this point
-		log.Fatalf("unsupported database provider: %s", common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("failed to create migration driver: %v", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get sql.DB: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Run migrations
-	if err := migrateDatabase(driver); err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("failed to run migrations: %v", err)
+	err = utils.MigrateDatabase(ctx, sqlDb)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to run migrations: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	return db
+	return db, pg, nil
 }
 
-func migrateDatabase(driver database.Driver) error {
-	// Use the embedded migrations
-	source, err := iofs.New(resources.FS, "migrations/"+string(common.EnvConfig.DbProvider))
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create embedded migration source: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	m, err := migrate.NewWithInstance("iofs", source, "pocket-id", driver)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create migration instance: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	err = m.Up()
-	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, migrate.ErrNoChange) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to apply migrations: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func connectDatabase() (db *gorm.DB, err error) {
+//nolint:gocognit
+func ConnectDatabase(ctx context.Context) (db *gorm.DB, pg *pgxpool.Pool, err error) {
 	var dialector gorm.Dialector
 
 	// Choose the correct database provider
+	var onConnFn func(conn *sql.DB)
 	switch common.EnvConfig.DbProvider {
 	case common.DbProviderSqlite:
 		if common.EnvConfig.DbConnectionString == "" {
-			return nil, errors.New("missing required env var 'DB_CONNECTION_STRING' for SQLite database")
-		}
-		if !strings.HasPrefix(common.EnvConfig.DbConnectionString, "file:") {
-			return nil, errors.New("invalid value for env var 'DB_CONNECTION_STRING': does not begin with 'file:'")
+			return nil, nil, errors.New("missing required env var 'DB_CONNECTION_STRING' for SQLite database")
 		}
+
 		sqliteutil.RegisterSqliteFunctions()
-		connString, err := parseSqliteConnectionString(common.EnvConfig.DbConnectionString)
+
+		connString, dbPath, isMemoryDB, err := sqlitekit.ParseConnectionString(common.EnvConfig.DbConnectionString, slog.Default())
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return nil, nil, err
 		}
+
+		if !isMemoryDB {
+			err = sqlitekit.EnsureDatabaseDir(dbPath)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, nil, err
+			}
+
+			var sqliteNetworkFilesystem bool
+			sqliteNetworkFilesystem, err = sqlitekit.IsNetworkedFileSystem(filepath.Dir(dbPath))
+			if err != nil {
+				// Log the error only
+				slog.Warn("Failed to detect filesystem type for the SQLite database directory", slog.String("path", filepath.Dir(dbPath)), slog.Any("error", err))
+			} else if sqliteNetworkFilesystem {
+				slog.Warn("⚠️⚠️⚠️ SQLite databases should not be stored on a networked file system like NFS, SMB, or FUSE, as there's a risk of crashes and even database corruption", slog.String("path", filepath.Dir(dbPath)))
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Before we connect, also make sure that there's a temporary folder for SQLite to write its data
+		err = sqlitekit.EnsureTempDir(filepath.Dir(dbPath), slog.Default())
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+
+		if isMemoryDB {
+			// For in-memory SQLite databases, we must limit to 1 open connection at the same time, or they won't see the whole data
+			// The other workaround, of using shared caches, doesn't work well with multiple write transactions trying to happen at once
+			onConnFn = func(conn *sql.DB) {
+				conn.SetMaxOpenConns(1)
+			}
+		}
+
 		dialector = sqlite.Open(connString)
 	case common.DbProviderPostgres:
 		if common.EnvConfig.DbConnectionString == "" {
-			return nil, errors.New("missing required env var 'DB_CONNECTION_STRING' for Postgres database")
+			return nil, nil, errors.New("missing required env var 'DB_CONNECTION_STRING' for Postgres database")
 		}
-		dialector = postgres.Open(common.EnvConfig.DbConnectionString)
+
+		// We need a pgxpool object for francis, so we open this as a pgxpool...
+		pg, err = pgxpool.New(ctx, common.EnvConfig.DbConnectionString)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create Postgres pool: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		// ...test it with a ping...
+		pingCtx, pingCancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 10*time.Second)
+		defer pingCancel()
+		err = pg.Ping(pingCtx)
+		if err != nil {
+			pg.Close()
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to ping Postgres database: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		// ...then create the dialector by adapting it to *sql.DB
+		dialector = postgres.New(postgres.Config{
+			Conn: stdlib.OpenDBFromPool(pg),
+		})
 	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported database provider: %s", common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported database provider: %s", common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)
 	}
 
+	// Try connecting up to 3 times
 	for i := 1; i <= 3; i++ {
 		db, err = gorm.Open(dialector, &gorm.Config{
 			TranslateError: true,
-			Logger:         getLogger(),
+			Logger:         getGormLogger(),
 		})
 		if err == nil {
-			return db, nil
+			slog.Info("Connected to database", slog.String("provider", string(common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)))
+
+			// Configure tracing and metrics
+			err = db.Use(tracingGorm.NewPlugin())
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to configure tracing for DB: %w", err)
+			}
+
+			// Invoke the onConnFn callback if any
+			if onConnFn != nil {
+				conn, err := db.DB()
+				if err != nil {
+					if pg != nil {
+						pg.Close()
+					}
+					return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get database connection for onConnFn callback: %w", err)
+				}
+
+				onConnFn(conn)
+			}
+
+			return db, pg, nil
 		}
 
-		log.Printf("Attempt %d: Failed to initialize database. Retrying...", i)
+		// If we're here, the connection failed
+		slog.Warn("Failed to connect to database, will retry in 3s", slog.Int("attempt", i), slog.String("provider", string(common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)), slog.Any("error", err))
 		time.Sleep(3 * time.Second)
 	}
 
-	return nil, err
+	slog.Error("Failed to connect to database after 3 attempts", slog.String("provider", string(common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)), slog.Any("error", err))
+
+	if pg != nil {
+		pg.Close()
+	}
+
+	return nil, nil, err
 }
 
-// The official C implementation of SQLite allows some additional properties in the connection string
-// that are not supported in the in the modernc.org/sqlite driver, and which must be passed as PRAGMA args instead.
-// To ensure that people can use similar args as in the C driver, which was also used by Pocket ID
-// previously (via github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3), we are converting some options.
-func parseSqliteConnectionString(connString string) (string, error) {
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(connString, "file:") {
-		connString = "file:" + connString
-	}
-
-	connStringUrl, err := url.Parse(connString)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to parse SQLite connection string: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Reference: https://github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3?tab=readme-ov-file#connection-string
-	// This only includes a subset of options, excluding those that are not relevant to us
-	qs := make(url.Values, len(connStringUrl.Query()))
-	for k, v := range connStringUrl.Query() {
-		switch k {
-		case "_auto_vacuum", "_vacuum":
-			qs.Add("_pragma", "auto_vacuum("+v[0]+")")
-		case "_busy_timeout", "_timeout":
-			qs.Add("_pragma", "busy_timeout("+v[0]+")")
-		case "_case_sensitive_like", "_cslike":
-			qs.Add("_pragma", "case_sensitive_like("+v[0]+")")
-		case "_foreign_keys", "_fk":
-			qs.Add("_pragma", "foreign_keys("+v[0]+")")
-		case "_locking_mode", "_locking":
-			qs.Add("_pragma", "locking_mode("+v[0]+")")
-		case "_secure_delete":
-			qs.Add("_pragma", "secure_delete("+v[0]+")")
-		case "_synchronous", "_sync":
-			qs.Add("_pragma", "synchronous("+v[0]+")")
-		default:
-			// Pass other query-string args as-is
-			qs[k] = v
-		}
-	}
-
-	connStringUrl.RawQuery = qs.Encode()
-
-	return connStringUrl.String(), nil
-}
-
-func getLogger() logger.Interface {
-	isProduction := common.EnvConfig.AppEnv == "production"
-
-	var logLevel logger.LogLevel
-	if isProduction {
-		logLevel = logger.Error
-	} else {
-		logLevel = logger.Info
-	}
-
-	return logger.New(
-		log.New(os.Stdout, "\r\n", log.LstdFlags),
-		logger.Config{
-			SlowThreshold:             200 * time.Millisecond,
-			LogLevel:                  logLevel,
-			IgnoreRecordNotFoundError: isProduction,
-			ParameterizedQueries:      isProduction,
-			Colorful:                  !isProduction,
-		},
+func getGormLogger() gormLogger.Interface {
+	loggerOpts := make([]slogGorm.Option, 0, 5)
+	loggerOpts = append(loggerOpts,
+		slogGorm.WithSlowThreshold(200*time.Millisecond),
+		slogGorm.WithErrorField("error"),
 	)
+
+	if common.EnvConfig.LogLevel == "debug" {
+		loggerOpts = append(loggerOpts,
+			slogGorm.SetLogLevel(slogGorm.DefaultLogType, slog.LevelDebug),
+			slogGorm.WithRecordNotFoundError(),
+			slogGorm.WithTraceAll(),
+		)
+
+	} else {
+		loggerOpts = append(loggerOpts,
+			slogGorm.SetLogLevel(slogGorm.DefaultLogType, slog.LevelWarn),
+			slogGorm.WithIgnoreTrace(),
+		)
+	}
+
+	return slogGorm.New(loggerOpts...)
 }

backend/internal/bootstrap/db_bootstrap_test.go

@@ -1,145 +0,0 @@
-package bootstrap
-
-import (
-	"net/url"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func TestParseSqliteConnectionString(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name          string
-		input         string
-		expected      string
-		expectedError bool
-	}{
-		{
-			name:     "basic file path",
-			input:    "file:test.db",
-			expected: "file:test.db",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "adds file: prefix if missing",
-			input:    "test.db",
-			expected: "file:test.db",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "converts _busy_timeout to pragma",
-			input:    "file:test.db?_busy_timeout=5000",
-			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%285000%29",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "converts _timeout to pragma",
-			input:    "file:test.db?_timeout=5000",
-			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%285000%29",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "converts _foreign_keys to pragma",
-			input:    "file:test.db?_foreign_keys=1",
-			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "converts _fk to pragma",
-			input:    "file:test.db?_fk=1",
-			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "converts _synchronous to pragma",
-			input:    "file:test.db?_synchronous=NORMAL",
-			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=synchronous%28NORMAL%29",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "converts _sync to pragma",
-			input:    "file:test.db?_sync=NORMAL",
-			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=synchronous%28NORMAL%29",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "converts _auto_vacuum to pragma",
-			input:    "file:test.db?_auto_vacuum=FULL",
-			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=auto_vacuum%28FULL%29",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "converts _vacuum to pragma",
-			input:    "file:test.db?_vacuum=FULL",
-			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=auto_vacuum%28FULL%29",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "converts _case_sensitive_like to pragma",
-			input:    "file:test.db?_case_sensitive_like=1",
-			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=case_sensitive_like%281%29",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "converts _cslike to pragma",
-			input:    "file:test.db?_cslike=1",
-			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=case_sensitive_like%281%29",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "converts _locking_mode to pragma",
-			input:    "file:test.db?_locking_mode=EXCLUSIVE",
-			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=locking_mode%28EXCLUSIVE%29",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "converts _locking to pragma",
-			input:    "file:test.db?_locking=EXCLUSIVE",
-			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=locking_mode%28EXCLUSIVE%29",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "converts _secure_delete to pragma",
-			input:    "file:test.db?_secure_delete=1",
-			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=secure_delete%281%29",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "preserves unrecognized parameters",
-			input:    "file:test.db?mode=rw&cache=shared",
-			expected: "file:test.db?cache=shared&mode=rw",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "handles multiple parameters",
-			input:    "file:test.db?_fk=1&mode=rw&_timeout=5000",
-			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=busy_timeout%285000%29&mode=rw",
-		},
-		{
-			name:          "invalid URL format",
-			input:         "file:invalid#$%^&*@test.db",
-			expectedError: true,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			result, err := parseSqliteConnectionString(tt.input)
-
-			if tt.expectedError {
-				require.Error(t, err)
-				return
-			}
-
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
-			// Parse both URLs to compare components independently
-			expectedURL, err := url.Parse(tt.expected)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
-			resultURL, err := url.Parse(result)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
-			// Compare scheme and path components
-			assert.Equal(t, expectedURL.Scheme, resultURL.Scheme)
-			assert.Equal(t, expectedURL.Path, resultURL.Path)
-
-			// Compare query parameters regardless of order
-			expectedQuery := expectedURL.Query()
-			resultQuery := resultURL.Query()
-
-			assert.Len(t, expectedQuery, len(resultQuery))
-
-			for key, expectedValues := range expectedQuery {
-				resultValues, ok := resultQuery[key]
-				_ = assert.True(t, ok) &&
-					assert.ElementsMatch(t, expectedValues, resultValues)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}

backend/internal/bootstrap/e2etest_router_bootstrap.go

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 package bootstrap
 
 import (
-	"log"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
@@ -16,9 +17,10 @@ import (
 func init() {
 	registerTestControllers = []func(apiGroup *gin.RouterGroup, db *gorm.DB, svc *services){
 		func(apiGroup *gin.RouterGroup, db *gorm.DB, svc *services) {
-			testService, err := service.NewTestService(db, svc.appConfigService, svc.jwtService, svc.ldapService)
+			testService, err := service.NewTestService(db, svc.appConfigService, svc.jwtService, svc.ldapService, svc.appLockService, svc.fileStorage)
 			if err != nil {
-				log.Fatalf("failed to initialize test service: %v", err)
+				slog.Error("Failed to initialize test service", slog.Any("error", err))
+				os.Exit(1)
 				return
 			}
 

backend/internal/bootstrap/observability_boostrap.go

@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+package bootstrap
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	sloggin "github.com/gin-contrib/slog"
+	"github.com/italypaleale/go-kit/servicerunner"
+	"github.com/lmittmann/tint"
+	"github.com/mattn/go-isatty"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/otelslog"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/exporters/autoexport"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
+	globallog "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log/global"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/propagation"
+	sdklog "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/resource"
+	sdktrace "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace"
+	semconv "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/semconv/v1.30.0"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+)
+
+func defaultResource() (*resource.Resource, error) {
+	return resource.Merge(
+		resource.Default(),
+		resource.NewSchemaless(
+			semconv.ServiceName(common.Name),
+			semconv.ServiceVersion(common.Version),
+		),
+	)
+}
+
+func initObservability(ctx context.Context) (shutdownFns []servicerunner.Service, httpClient *http.Client, err error) {
+	resource, err := defaultResource()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create OpenTelemetry resource: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	shutdownFns = make([]servicerunner.Service, 0, 3)
+
+	httpClient = &http.Client{}
+	defaultTransport, ok := http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport)
+	if !ok {
+		// Indicates a development-time error
+		panic("Default transport is not of type *http.Transport")
+	}
+	httpClient.Transport = defaultTransport.Clone()
+
+	// Logging
+	loggingShutdownFn, err := initOtelLogging(ctx, resource)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	} else if loggingShutdownFn != nil {
+		shutdownFns = append(shutdownFns, loggingShutdownFn)
+	}
+
+	// Tracing
+	tracingShutdownFn, err := initOtelTracing(ctx, resource, httpClient)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	} else if tracingShutdownFn != nil {
+		shutdownFns = append(shutdownFns, tracingShutdownFn)
+	}
+
+	// Metrics
+	metricsShutdownFn, err := initOtelMetrics(ctx, resource)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	} else if metricsShutdownFn != nil {
+		shutdownFns = append(shutdownFns, metricsShutdownFn)
+	}
+
+	return shutdownFns, httpClient, nil
+}
+
+func initOtelLogging(ctx context.Context, resource *resource.Resource) (shutdownFn servicerunner.Service, err error) {
+	// If the env var OTEL_LOGS_EXPORTER is empty, we set it to "none", for autoexport to work
+	if os.Getenv("OTEL_LOGS_EXPORTER") == "" {
+		os.Setenv("OTEL_LOGS_EXPORTER", "none")
+	}
+	exp, err := autoexport.NewLogExporter(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize OpenTelemetry log exporter: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	level, _ := sloggin.ParseLevel(common.EnvConfig.LogLevel)
+
+	// Create the console handler
+	var handler slog.Handler
+	if common.EnvConfig.LogJSON {
+		handler = slog.NewJSONHandler(os.Stdout, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+			Level: level,
+		})
+	} else {
+		handler = tint.NewHandler(os.Stdout, &tint.Options{
+			TimeFormat: time.Stamp,
+			Level:      level,
+			NoColor:    !isatty.IsTerminal(os.Stdout.Fd()),
+		})
+	}
+
+	// When log export is enabled, also send logs to OpenTelemetry through a batch processor.
+	// When it's disabled (the exporter is a no-op), we skip the OTel handler entirely so we don't convert and buffer every log record just to drop it.
+	if !autoexport.IsNoneLogExporter(exp) {
+		// Create the logger provider
+		provider := sdklog.NewLoggerProvider(
+			sdklog.WithProcessor(
+				sdklog.NewBatchProcessor(exp),
+			),
+			sdklog.WithResource(resource),
+		)
+
+		// Set the logger provider globally
+		globallog.SetLoggerProvider(provider)
+
+		handler = slog.NewMultiHandler(
+			handler,
+			otelslog.NewHandler(common.Name, otelslog.WithLoggerProvider(provider)),
+		)
+
+		shutdownFn = func(shutdownCtx context.Context) error { //nolint:contextcheck
+			lpCtx, lpCancel := context.WithTimeout(shutdownCtx, 10*time.Second)
+			defer lpCancel()
+			shutdownErr := provider.Shutdown(lpCtx)
+			if shutdownErr != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to gracefully shut down logs exporter: %w", shutdownErr)
+			}
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Set the default slog to send logs to OTel and add the app name
+	log := slog.New(handler).
+		With(slog.String("app", common.Name)).
+		With(slog.String("version", common.Version))
+	slog.SetDefault(log)
+
+	return shutdownFn, nil
+}
+
+func initOtelTracing(ctx context.Context, resource *resource.Resource, httpClient *http.Client) (shutdownFn servicerunner.Service, err error) {
+	// If the env var OTEL_TRACES_EXPORTER is empty, we set it to "none"
+	if os.Getenv("OTEL_TRACES_EXPORTER") == "" {
+		os.Setenv("OTEL_TRACES_EXPORTER", "none")
+	}
+
+	tr, err := autoexport.NewSpanExporter(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize OpenTelemetry span exporter: %w", err)
+	}
+	tp := sdktrace.NewTracerProvider(
+		sdktrace.WithResource(resource),
+		sdktrace.WithBatcher(tr),
+	)
+
+	otel.SetTracerProvider(tp)
+	otel.SetTextMapPropagator(
+		propagation.NewCompositeTextMapPropagator(
+			propagation.TraceContext{},
+			propagation.Baggage{},
+		),
+	)
+
+	shutdownFn = func(shutdownCtx context.Context) error { //nolint:contextcheck
+		tpCtx, tpCancel := context.WithTimeout(shutdownCtx, 10*time.Second)
+		defer tpCancel()
+		shutdownErr := tp.Shutdown(tpCtx)
+		if shutdownErr != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to gracefully shut down traces exporter: %w", shutdownErr)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Add tracing to the HTTP client
+	httpClient.Transport = otelhttp.NewTransport(httpClient.Transport)
+
+	return shutdownFn, nil
+}
+
+func initOtelMetrics(ctx context.Context, resource *resource.Resource) (shutdownFn servicerunner.Service, err error) {
+	// If the env var OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER is empty, we set it to "none"
+	if os.Getenv("OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER") == "" {
+		os.Setenv("OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER", "none")
+	}
+
+	mr, err := autoexport.NewMetricReader(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize OpenTelemetry metric reader: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	mp := metric.NewMeterProvider(
+		metric.WithResource(resource),
+		metric.WithReader(mr),
+	)
+	otel.SetMeterProvider(mp)
+
+	shutdownFn = func(shutdownCtx context.Context) error { //nolint:contextcheck
+		mpCtx, mpCancel := context.WithTimeout(shutdownCtx, 10*time.Second)
+		defer mpCancel()
+		shutdownErr := mp.Shutdown(mpCtx)
+		if shutdownErr != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to gracefully shut down metrics exporter: %w", shutdownErr)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return shutdownFn, nil
+}

backend/internal/bootstrap/otel_boostrap.go

@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
-package bootstrap
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"net/http"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/exporters/autoexport"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
-	metricnoop "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/noop"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/propagation"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/resource"
-	sdktrace "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace"
-	semconv "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/semconv/v1.30.0"
-	tracenoop "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace/noop"
-)
-
-func defaultResource() (*resource.Resource, error) {
-	return resource.Merge(
-		resource.Default(),
-		resource.NewSchemaless(
-			semconv.ServiceName("pocket-id-backend"),
-			semconv.ServiceVersion(common.Version),
-		),
-	)
-}
-
-func initOtel(ctx context.Context, metrics, traces bool) (shutdownFns []utils.Service, httpClient *http.Client, err error) {
-	resource, err := defaultResource()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create OpenTelemetry resource: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	shutdownFns = make([]utils.Service, 0, 2)
-
-	httpClient = &http.Client{}
-	defaultTransport, ok := http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport)
-	if !ok {
-		// Indicates a development-time error
-		panic("Default transport is not of type *http.Transport")
-	}
-	httpClient.Transport = defaultTransport.Clone()
-
-	if traces {
-		tr, err := autoexport.NewSpanExporter(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize OpenTelemetry span exporter: %w", err)
-		}
-		tp := sdktrace.NewTracerProvider(
-			sdktrace.WithResource(resource),
-			sdktrace.WithBatcher(tr),
-		)
-
-		otel.SetTracerProvider(tp)
-		otel.SetTextMapPropagator(
-			propagation.NewCompositeTextMapPropagator(
-				propagation.TraceContext{},
-				propagation.Baggage{},
-			),
-		)
-
-		shutdownFns = append(shutdownFns, func(shutdownCtx context.Context) error { //nolint:contextcheck
-			tpCtx, tpCancel := context.WithTimeout(shutdownCtx, 10*time.Second)
-			defer tpCancel()
-			shutdownErr := tp.Shutdown(tpCtx)
-			if shutdownErr != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to gracefully shut down traces exporter: %w", shutdownErr)
-			}
-			return nil
-		})
-
-		httpClient.Transport = otelhttp.NewTransport(httpClient.Transport)
-	} else {
-		otel.SetTracerProvider(tracenoop.NewTracerProvider())
-	}
-
-	if metrics {
-		mr, err := autoexport.NewMetricReader(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize OpenTelemetry metric reader: %w", err)
-		}
-		mp := metric.NewMeterProvider(
-			metric.WithResource(resource),
-			metric.WithReader(mr),
-		)
-
-		otel.SetMeterProvider(mp)
-		shutdownFns = append(shutdownFns, func(shutdownCtx context.Context) error { //nolint:contextcheck
-			mpCtx, mpCancel := context.WithTimeout(shutdownCtx, 10*time.Second)
-			defer mpCancel()
-			shutdownErr := mp.Shutdown(mpCtx)
-			if shutdownErr != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to gracefully shut down metrics exporter: %w", shutdownErr)
-			}
-			return nil
-		})
-	} else {
-		otel.SetMeterProvider(metricnoop.NewMeterProvider())
-	}
-
-	return shutdownFns, httpClient, nil
-}

backend/internal/bootstrap/router_bootstrap.go

@@ -2,193 +2,481 @@ package bootstrap
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
+	"log/slog"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/frontend"
-
+	"github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify"
+	sloggin "github.com/gin-contrib/slog"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/italypaleale/francis/builtin/ratelimit"
+	"github.com/italypaleale/go-kit/servicerunner"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/github.com/gin-gonic/gin/otelgin"
-	"golang.org/x/time/rate"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/frontend"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/controller"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/middleware"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/tracing"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/systemd"
 )
 
 // This is used to register additional controllers for tests
 var registerTestControllers []func(apiGroup *gin.RouterGroup, db *gorm.DB, svc *services)
 
-func initRouter(db *gorm.DB, svc *services) utils.Service {
-	runner, err := initRouterInternal(db, svc)
+func initRouter(db *gorm.DB, svc *services, rateLimitServices map[string]*ratelimit.RateLimitService) (servicerunner.Service, error) {
+	r, err := initEngine()
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("failed to init router: %v", err)
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	return runner
+	err = registerRoutes(r, db, svc, rateLimitServices)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	serverConfig, err := initServer(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	runFn := func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		return runServer(ctx, serverConfig)
+	}
+
+	return runFn, nil
 }
 
-func initRouterInternal(db *gorm.DB, svc *services) (utils.Service, error) {
+type serverConfig struct {
+	addr         string
+	certProvider *tlsCertProvider
+	listener     net.Listener
+	server       *http.Server
+	tlsConfig    *tls.Config
+}
+
+func initEngine() (*gin.Engine, error) {
+	setGinMode()
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	initLogger(r)
+	err := configureEngine(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	registerGlobalMiddleware(r)
+
+	return r, nil
+}
+
+func setGinMode() {
 	// Set the appropriate Gin mode based on the environment
 	switch common.EnvConfig.AppEnv {
-	case "production":
+	case common.AppEnvProduction:
 		gin.SetMode(gin.ReleaseMode)
-	case "development":
+	case common.AppEnvDevelopment:
 		gin.SetMode(gin.DebugMode)
-	case "test":
+	case common.AppEnvTest:
 		gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	}
+}
 
-	// do not log these URLs
+func configureEngine(r *gin.Engine) error {
+	err := r.SetTrustedProxies(common.EnvConfig.TrustProxy)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to configure trusted proxies: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if common.EnvConfig.TrustedPlatform != "" {
+		r.TrustedPlatform = common.EnvConfig.TrustedPlatform
+	}
+
+	r.Use(otelgin.Middleware(
+		common.Name,
+		otelgin.WithFilter(shouldTraceRequest)),
+	)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// shouldTraceRequest reports whether an incoming request should be traced.
+// It traces only requests handled by real backend routes (the API, the OIDC/OAuth endpoints, and the well-known documents).
+// Everything else falls through to the frontend NoRoute handler, which serves the SPA shell and static assets; tracing those would produce noisy, unparented spans named just "GET" with an empty http.route.
+func shouldTraceRequest(r *http.Request) bool {
+	p := r.URL.Path
+	switch {
+	case strings.HasPrefix(p, "/api/"),
+		strings.HasPrefix(p, "/.well-known/"),
+		p == "/authorize":
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func registerGlobalMiddleware(r *gin.Engine) {
+	r.Use(middleware.HeadMiddleware())
+	r.Use(middleware.NewCacheControlMiddleware().Add())
+	r.Use(middleware.NewCorsMiddleware().Add())
+	r.Use(middleware.NewCspMiddleware().Add())
+	r.Use(middleware.NewErrorHandlerMiddleware().Add())
+}
+
+func registerRoutes(r *gin.Engine, db *gorm.DB, svc *services, rateLimitServices map[string]*ratelimit.RateLimitService) error {
+
+	err := frontend.RegisterFrontend(r)
+	if errors.Is(err, frontend.ErrFrontendNotIncluded) {
+		slog.Warn("Frontend is not included in the build. Skipping frontend registration.")
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register frontend: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Initialize middleware for specific routes
+	authMiddleware := middleware.NewAuthMiddleware(svc.apiKeyModule, svc.userService, svc.jwtService)
+	fileSizeLimitMiddleware := middleware.NewFileSizeLimitMiddleware()
+	rateLimitMiddleware := middleware.NewRateLimitMiddleware(rateLimitServices)
+	apiRateLimitMiddleware := rateLimitMiddleware.Add(middleware.RateLimitAPI)
+
+	apiGroup := r.Group("/api", apiRateLimitMiddleware)
+	baseGroup := r.Group("/", apiRateLimitMiddleware)
+
+	svc.apiKeyModule.RegisterRoutes(apiGroup,
+		authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(),
+		authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().WithApiKeyAuthDisabled().Add(),
+	)
+	svc.webauthnModule.RegisterRoutes(apiGroup,
+		authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(),
+		rateLimitMiddleware.Add(middleware.RateLimitWebauthnLogin),
+		rateLimitMiddleware.Add(middleware.RateLimitWebauthnReauthenticate),
+	)
+	controller.NewOidcController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, fileSizeLimitMiddleware, svc.oidcService)
+	controller.NewUserController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, rateLimitMiddleware, svc.userService, svc.oneTimeAccessService, svc.webauthnModule, svc.appConfigService)
+	controller.NewAppConfigController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, svc.appConfigService, svc.emailService, svc.ldapService)
+	controller.NewAppImagesController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, svc.appImagesService)
+	controller.NewAuditLogController(apiGroup, svc.auditLogService, authMiddleware)
+	controller.NewUserGroupController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, svc.userGroupService)
+	svc.apiModule.RegisterRoutes(apiGroup, authMiddleware.Add())
+	controller.NewCustomClaimController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, svc.customClaimService)
+	controller.NewVersionController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, svc.versionService)
+	controller.NewScimController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, svc.scimService)
+	svc.userSignUpModule.RegisterRoutes(apiGroup,
+		authMiddleware.Add(),
+		rateLimitMiddleware.Add(middleware.RateLimitSignup),
+	)
+
+	optionalBrowserAuth := authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().WithSuccessOptional().WithApiKeyAuthDisabled().Add()
+	browserAuth := authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().WithApiKeyAuthDisabled().Add()
+	svc.oidcModule.RegisterRoutes(baseGroup, apiGroup, optionalBrowserAuth, browserAuth)
+
+	registerTestRoutes(apiGroup, db, svc)
+
+	controller.NewWellKnownController(baseGroup, svc.jwtService)
+
+	// These are not rate-limited.
+	controller.NewHealthzController(r)
+
+	// Receives OTLP trace payloads from the browser SPA (POST /internal/telemetry/traces) and forwards them to the collector, when trace export is enabled.
+	// Outside /api, so it's unauthenticated and not traced, but it is rate-limited.
+	tracing.NewTelemetryController(r, rateLimitMiddleware.Add(middleware.RateLimitInternal))
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func registerTestRoutes(apiGroup *gin.RouterGroup, db *gorm.DB, svc *services) {
+	if common.EnvConfig.AppEnv.IsProduction() {
+		return
+	}
+
+	for _, f := range registerTestControllers {
+		f(apiGroup, db, svc)
+	}
+}
+
+func initServer(r *gin.Engine) (*serverConfig, error) {
+	protocols, tlsConfig, certProvider, err := initServerProtocols()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var socketFn func() (*socket, error)
+	switch {
+	case common.EnvConfig.SystemdSocket:
+		socketFn = systemdSocket
+	case common.EnvConfig.UnixSocket != "":
+		socketFn = unixSocket
+	default:
+		socketFn = tcpSocket
+	}
+
+	socket, err := socketFn()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	addr := socket.addr
+	listener := socket.listener
+	server := newHTTPServer(r, protocols)
+
+	return &serverConfig{addr, certProvider, listener, server, tlsConfig}, nil
+}
+
+func initServerProtocols() (*http.Protocols, *tls.Config, *tlsCertProvider, error) {
+	protocols := new(http.Protocols)
+	protocols.SetHTTP1(true)
+
+	if common.EnvConfig.TLSCertFile == "" || common.EnvConfig.TLSKeyFile == "" {
+		protocols.SetUnencryptedHTTP2(true)
+		return protocols, nil, nil, nil
+	}
+
+	protocols.SetHTTP2(true)
+	certProvider, err := newCertProvider(common.EnvConfig.TLSCertFile, common.EnvConfig.TLSKeyFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load TLS certificate: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	tlsConfig := &tls.Config{
+		GetCertificate: certProvider.GetCertificate,
+		MinVersion:     tls.VersionTLS13,
+		NextProtos:     []string{"h2"},
+	}
+
+	slog.Info("TLS enabled")
+	return protocols, tlsConfig, certProvider, nil
+}
+
+func newHTTPServer(r *gin.Engine, protocols *http.Protocols) *http.Server {
+	return &http.Server{
+		MaxHeaderBytes:    1 << 20,
+		ReadHeaderTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
+		Protocols:         protocols,
+		Handler: http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
+			// HEAD requests don't get matched by Gin routes, so we convert them to GET
+			// middleware.HeadMiddleware will convert them back to HEAD later
+			if req.Method == http.MethodHead {
+				req.Method = http.MethodGet
+				ctx := context.WithValue(req.Context(), middleware.IsHeadRequestCtxKey{}, true)
+				req = req.WithContext(ctx)
+			}
+
+			r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+		}),
+	}
+}
+
+func runServer(ctx context.Context, config *serverConfig) error {
+	slog.Info("Server listening", slog.String("addr", config.addr), slog.Bool("tls", config.tlsConfig != nil))
+
+	certWatcher, err := startCertWatcher(ctx, config.certProvider)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer closeCertWatcher(certWatcher)
+
+	startHTTPServer(config)
+	notifySystemdReady()
+
+	<-ctx.Done()
+
+	// We do not pass the context because it's already been canceled
+	//nolint:contextcheck
+	return shutdownServer(config.server)
+}
+
+func startCertWatcher(ctx context.Context, certProvider *tlsCertProvider) (*fsnotify.Watcher, error) {
+	if certProvider == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	certWatcher, err := fsnotify.NewWatcher()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create certificate watcher: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := certWatcher.Add(common.EnvConfig.TLSCertFile); err != nil {
+		certWatcher.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to watch TLS certificate: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := certWatcher.Add(common.EnvConfig.TLSKeyFile); err != nil {
+		certWatcher.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to watch TLS key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	go certProvider.StartWatching(ctx, certWatcher)
+	return certWatcher, nil
+}
+
+func closeCertWatcher(certWatcher *fsnotify.Watcher) {
+	if certWatcher != nil {
+		certWatcher.Close()
+	}
+}
+
+func startHTTPServer(config *serverConfig) {
+	go func() {
+		defer config.listener.Close()
+
+		listener := config.listener
+		if config.tlsConfig != nil {
+			listener = tls.NewListener(config.listener, config.tlsConfig)
+		}
+		srvErr := config.server.Serve(listener)
+
+		if srvErr != http.ErrServerClosed {
+			slog.Error("Error starting app server", "error", srvErr)
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+func notifySystemdReady() {
+	err := systemd.SdNotifyReady()
+	if err != nil {
+		// Log the error only
+		slog.Warn("Unable to notify systemd that the service is ready", "error", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func shutdownServer(srv *http.Server) error {
+	// Note we use the background context here as ctx has been canceled already
+	shutdownCtx, shutdownCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	shutdownErr := srv.Shutdown(shutdownCtx) //nolint:contextcheck
+	shutdownCancel()
+	if shutdownErr != nil {
+		// Log the error only (could be context canceled)
+		slog.Warn("App server shutdown error", "error", shutdownErr)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func initLogger(r *gin.Engine) {
 	loggerSkipPathsPrefix := []string{
-		"GET /application-configuration/logo",
-		"GET /application-configuration/background-image",
-		"GET /application-configuration/favicon",
+		"GET /api/application-images/logo",
+		"GET /api/application-images/background",
+		"GET /api/application-images/favicon",
+		"GET /api/application-images/email",
 		"GET /_app",
 		"GET /fonts",
 		"GET /healthz",
 		"HEAD /healthz",
 	}
 
-	r := gin.New()
-	r.Use(gin.LoggerWithConfig(gin.LoggerConfig{Skip: func(c *gin.Context) bool {
-		for _, prefix := range loggerSkipPathsPrefix {
-			if strings.HasPrefix(c.Request.Method+" "+c.Request.URL.String(), prefix) {
-				return true
+	r.Use(sloggin.SetLogger(
+		sloggin.WithLogger(func(_ *gin.Context, _ *slog.Logger) *slog.Logger {
+			return slog.Default()
+		}),
+		sloggin.WithSkipper(func(c *gin.Context) bool {
+			for _, prefix := range loggerSkipPathsPrefix {
+				if strings.HasPrefix(c.Request.Method+" "+c.Request.URL.String(), prefix) {
+					return true
+				}
 			}
-		}
-		return false
-	}}))
-
-	if !common.EnvConfig.TrustProxy {
-		_ = r.SetTrustedProxies(nil)
-	}
-
-	if common.EnvConfig.TracingEnabled {
-		r.Use(otelgin.Middleware("pocket-id-backend"))
-	}
-
-	rateLimitMiddleware := middleware.NewRateLimitMiddleware().Add(rate.Every(time.Second), 60)
-
-	// Setup global middleware
-	r.Use(middleware.NewCorsMiddleware().Add())
-	r.Use(middleware.NewErrorHandlerMiddleware().Add())
-
-	err := frontend.RegisterFrontend(r)
-	if errors.Is(err, frontend.ErrFrontendNotIncluded) {
-		log.Println("Frontend is not included in the build. Skipping frontend registration.")
-	} else if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to register frontend: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Initialize middleware for specific routes
-	authMiddleware := middleware.NewAuthMiddleware(svc.apiKeyService, svc.userService, svc.jwtService)
-	fileSizeLimitMiddleware := middleware.NewFileSizeLimitMiddleware()
-
-	// Set up API routes
-	apiGroup := r.Group("/api", rateLimitMiddleware)
-	controller.NewApiKeyController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, svc.apiKeyService)
-	controller.NewWebauthnController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, middleware.NewRateLimitMiddleware(), svc.webauthnService, svc.appConfigService)
-	controller.NewOidcController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, fileSizeLimitMiddleware, svc.oidcService, svc.jwtService)
-	controller.NewUserController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, middleware.NewRateLimitMiddleware(), svc.userService, svc.appConfigService)
-	controller.NewAppConfigController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, svc.appConfigService, svc.emailService, svc.ldapService)
-	controller.NewAuditLogController(apiGroup, svc.auditLogService, authMiddleware)
-	controller.NewUserGroupController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, svc.userGroupService)
-	controller.NewCustomClaimController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, svc.customClaimService)
-
-	// Add test controller in non-production environments
-	if common.EnvConfig.AppEnv != "production" {
-		for _, f := range registerTestControllers {
-			f(apiGroup, db, svc)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Set up base routes
-	baseGroup := r.Group("/", rateLimitMiddleware)
-	controller.NewWellKnownController(baseGroup, svc.jwtService)
-
-	// Set up healthcheck routes
-	// These are not rate-limited
-	controller.NewHealthzController(r)
-
-	// Set up the server
-	srv := &http.Server{
-		MaxHeaderBytes:    1 << 20,
-		ReadHeaderTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
-		Handler:           r,
-	}
-
-	// Set up the listener
-	network := "tcp"
-	addr := net.JoinHostPort(common.EnvConfig.Host, common.EnvConfig.Port)
-	if common.EnvConfig.UnixSocket != "" {
-		network = "unix"
-		addr = common.EnvConfig.UnixSocket
-	}
-
-	listener, err := net.Listen(network, addr)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create %s listener: %w", network, err)
-	}
-
-	// Set the socket mode if using a Unix socket
-	if network == "unix" && common.EnvConfig.UnixSocketMode != "" {
-		mode, err := strconv.ParseUint(common.EnvConfig.UnixSocketMode, 8, 32)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse UNIX socket mode '%s': %w", common.EnvConfig.UnixSocketMode, err)
-		}
-
-		if err := os.Chmod(addr, os.FileMode(mode)); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to set UNIX socket mode '%s': %w", common.EnvConfig.UnixSocketMode, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Service runner function
-	runFn := func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		log.Printf("Server listening on %s", addr)
-
-		// Start the server in a background goroutine
-		go func() {
-			defer listener.Close()
-
-			// Next call blocks until the server is shut down
-			srvErr := srv.Serve(listener)
-			if srvErr != http.ErrServerClosed {
-				log.Fatalf("Error starting app server: %v", srvErr)
-			}
-		}()
-
-		// Notify systemd that we are ready
-		err = systemd.SdNotifyReady()
-		if err != nil {
-			// Log the error only
-			log.Printf("[WARN] Unable to notify systemd that the service is ready: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		// Block until the context is canceled
-		<-ctx.Done()
-
-		// Handle graceful shutdown
-		// Note we use the background context here as ctx has been canceled already
-		shutdownCtx, shutdownCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
-		shutdownErr := srv.Shutdown(shutdownCtx) //nolint:contextcheck
-		shutdownCancel()
-		if shutdownErr != nil {
-			// Log the error only (could be context canceled)
-			log.Printf("[WARN] App server shutdown error: %v", shutdownErr)
-		}
-
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	return runFn, nil
+			return false
+		}),
+	))
+}
+
+// tlsCertProvider holds certificates that can be dynamically reloaded
+type tlsCertProvider struct {
+	certMutex   sync.RWMutex
+	cert        *tls.Certificate
+	certFile    string
+	keyFile     string
+	forceReload atomic.Bool
+}
+
+// GetCertificate implements tls.GetCertificate interface for dynamic certificate loading
+func (p *tlsCertProvider) GetCertificate(_ *tls.ClientHelloInfo) (*tls.Certificate, error) {
+	if p.forceReload.Load() {
+		p.certMutex.Lock()
+		p.forceReload.Store(false)
+		p.certMutex.Unlock()
+	}
+
+	p.certMutex.RLock()
+	defer p.certMutex.RUnlock()
+	return p.cert, nil
+}
+
+// newCertProvider creates a new certificate provider with initial certificates loaded
+func newCertProvider(certFile, keyFile string) (*tlsCertProvider, error) {
+	cert, err := tls.LoadX509KeyPair(certFile, keyFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &tlsCertProvider{
+		cert:     &cert,
+		certFile: certFile,
+		keyFile:  keyFile,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// reloadCertificate reloads the certificate from disk
+func (p *tlsCertProvider) reloadCertificate() error {
+	cert, err := tls.LoadX509KeyPair(p.certFile, p.keyFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to reload TLS certificate: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	p.certMutex.Lock()
+	p.cert = &cert
+	p.certMutex.Unlock()
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// StartWatching begins monitoring the certificate files for changes with debouncing
+func (p *tlsCertProvider) StartWatching(ctx context.Context, watcher *fsnotify.Watcher) {
+	debounceDuration := 1 * time.Second
+	reloadTimer := time.NewTimer(debounceDuration)
+	reloadTimer.Stop()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return
+		case event, ok := <-watcher.Events:
+			if !ok {
+				return
+			}
+			// Only process write/rename events for certificate/key files
+			if event.Has(fsnotify.Write | fsnotify.Rename) {
+				// Reset the debounce timer whenever we get a relevant event
+				reloadTimer.Stop()
+				// Drain the channel if there's a pending value
+				select {
+				case <-reloadTimer.C:
+				default:
+				}
+				reloadTimer.Reset(debounceDuration)
+				slog.Debug("TLS file change detected, debouncing", slog.String("path", event.Name))
+			}
+		case <-reloadTimer.C:
+			// Timer fired - no more events in 500ms, so reload
+			slog.Info("Reloading TLS certificate")
+
+			if err := p.reloadCertificate(); err != nil {
+				slog.Error("Failed to reload TLS certificate", "error", err)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			p.forceReload.Store(true)
+			slog.Info("TLS certificate reloaded successfully")
+		case err, ok := <-watcher.Errors:
+			if !ok {
+				return
+			}
+			slog.Error("Certificate watcher error", "error", err)
+		}
+	}
 }

backend/internal/bootstrap/scheduler_bootstrap.go

@@ -3,14 +3,13 @@ package bootstrap
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"net/http"
 
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/job"
 )
 
-func registerScheduledJobs(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, svc *services, httpClient *http.Client, scheduler *job.Scheduler) error {
+func registerScheduledJobs(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, svc *services, scheduler *job.Scheduler) error {
 	err := scheduler.RegisterLdapJobs(ctx, svc.ldapService, svc.appConfigService)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register LDAP jobs in scheduler: %w", err)
@@ -23,17 +22,13 @@ func registerScheduledJobs(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, svc *services, http
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register DB cleanup jobs in scheduler: %w", err)
 	}
-	err = scheduler.RegisterFileCleanupJobs(ctx, db)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register file cleanup jobs in scheduler: %w", err)
-	}
-	err = scheduler.RegisterApiKeyExpiryJob(ctx, svc.apiKeyService, svc.appConfigService)
+	err = scheduler.RegisterApiKeyExpiryJob(ctx, svc.apiKeyModule, svc.appConfigService, svc.emailService)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register API key expiration jobs in scheduler: %w", err)
 	}
-	err = scheduler.RegisterAnalyticsJob(ctx, svc.appConfigService, httpClient)
+	err = scheduler.RegisterScimJobs(ctx, svc.scimService)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register analytics job in scheduler: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register SCIM scheduler job: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return nil

backend/internal/bootstrap/services_bootstrap.go

@@ -5,31 +5,68 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 
+	"github.com/italypaleale/francis/host/local"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/api"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/apikey"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/appconfig"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/job"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/oidc"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/storage"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/usersignup"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/webauthn"
 )
 
 type services struct {
-	appConfigService   *service.AppConfigService
-	emailService       *service.EmailService
-	geoLiteService     *service.GeoLiteService
-	auditLogService    *service.AuditLogService
-	jwtService         *service.JwtService
-	webauthnService    *service.WebAuthnService
-	userService        *service.UserService
-	customClaimService *service.CustomClaimService
-	oidcService        *service.OidcService
-	userGroupService   *service.UserGroupService
-	ldapService        *service.LdapService
-	apiKeyService      *service.ApiKeyService
+	appConfigService     *appconfig.AppConfigService
+	appImagesService     *service.AppImagesService
+	emailService         *service.EmailService
+	geoLiteService       *service.GeoLiteService
+	auditLogService      *service.AuditLogService
+	jwtService           *service.JwtService
+	scimService          *service.ScimService
+	userService          *service.UserService
+	customClaimService   *service.CustomClaimService
+	oidcService          *service.OidcService
+	userGroupService     *service.UserGroupService
+	ldapService          *service.LdapService
+	versionService       *service.VersionService
+	fileStorage          storage.FileStorage
+	appLockService       *service.AppLockService
+	oneTimeAccessService *service.OneTimeAccessService
+
+	apiKeyModule     *apikey.Module
+	oidcModule       *oidc.Module
+	webauthnModule   *webauthn.Module
+	userSignUpModule *usersignup.Module
+	apiModule        *api.Module
 }
 
 // Initializes all services
-func initServices(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, httpClient *http.Client) (svc *services, err error) {
+func initServices(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	db *gorm.DB,
+	instanceID string,
+	actors *local.Host,
+	httpClient *http.Client,
+	imageExtensions map[string]string,
+	fileStorage storage.FileStorage,
+	scheduler *job.Scheduler,
+) (svc *services, err error) {
 	svc = &services{}
 
-	svc.appConfigService = service.NewAppConfigService(ctx, db)
+	// Init the app config service
+	svc.appConfigService, err = appconfig.NewService(ctx, actors, db)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create app config service: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	svc.fileStorage = fileStorage
+	svc.appImagesService = service.NewAppImagesService(imageExtensions, fileStorage)
+	svc.appLockService = service.NewAppLockService(db)
 
 	svc.emailService, err = service.NewEmailService(db, svc.appConfigService)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -38,19 +75,73 @@ func initServices(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, httpClient *http.Client) (sv
 
 	svc.geoLiteService = service.NewGeoLiteService(httpClient)
 	svc.auditLogService = service.NewAuditLogService(db, svc.appConfigService, svc.emailService, svc.geoLiteService)
-	svc.jwtService = service.NewJwtService(db, svc.appConfigService)
-	svc.userService = service.NewUserService(db, svc.jwtService, svc.auditLogService, svc.emailService, svc.appConfigService)
-	svc.customClaimService = service.NewCustomClaimService(db)
+	svc.jwtService, err = service.NewJwtService(ctx, db, instanceID, svc.appConfigService)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create JWT service: %w", err)
+	}
 
-	svc.oidcService, err = service.NewOidcService(ctx, db, svc.jwtService, svc.appConfigService, svc.auditLogService, svc.customClaimService)
+	svc.customClaimService = service.NewCustomClaimService(db)
+	svc.webauthnModule, err = webauthn.New(webauthn.Dependencies{
+		DB:        db,
+		AppURL:    common.EnvConfig.AppURL,
+		Signer:    svc.jwtService,
+		AuditLog:  svc.auditLogService,
+		AppConfig: svc.appConfigService,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create WebAuthn module: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	svc.scimService = service.NewScimService(db, scheduler, httpClient)
+
+	svc.apiModule = api.New(api.Dependencies{DB: db, Issuer: common.EnvConfig.AppURL})
+
+	svc.oidcModule, err = oidc.New(ctx, oidc.Dependencies{
+		DB:         db,
+		HTTPClient: httpClient,
+		Config: oidc.Config{
+			BaseURL:                   common.EnvConfig.AppURL,
+			TokenBaseURL:              common.EnvConfig.AppURL,
+			Secret:                    common.EnvConfig.EncryptionKey,
+			AllowInsecureCallbackURLs: common.EnvConfig.AllowInsecureCallbackURLs,
+		},
+		Signer:       svc.jwtService,
+		CustomClaims: svc.customClaimService,
+		Reauth:       svc.webauthnModule,
+		AuditLog:     svc.auditLogService,
+		APIAccess:    svc.apiModule,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create OIDC module: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	svc.oidcService, err = service.NewOidcService(db, svc.jwtService, svc.appConfigService, svc.oidcModule.Preview, svc.scimService, httpClient, fileStorage)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create OIDC service: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	svc.userGroupService = service.NewUserGroupService(db, svc.appConfigService)
-	svc.ldapService = service.NewLdapService(db, httpClient, svc.appConfigService, svc.userService, svc.userGroupService)
-	svc.apiKeyService = service.NewApiKeyService(db, svc.emailService)
-	svc.webauthnService = service.NewWebAuthnService(db, svc.jwtService, svc.auditLogService, svc.appConfigService)
+	svc.userGroupService = service.NewUserGroupService(db, svc.appConfigService, svc.scimService)
+	svc.userService = service.NewUserService(db, svc.jwtService, svc.auditLogService, svc.emailService, svc.appConfigService, svc.customClaimService, svc.appImagesService, svc.scimService, fileStorage)
+	svc.ldapService = service.NewLdapService(db, httpClient, svc.appConfigService, svc.userService, svc.userGroupService, fileStorage)
+
+	svc.apiKeyModule, err = apikey.New(ctx, apikey.Dependencies{
+		DB:           db,
+		StaticApiKey: common.EnvConfig.StaticApiKey,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create API key module: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	svc.userSignUpModule = usersignup.New(usersignup.Dependencies{
+		DB:          db,
+		Signer:      svc.jwtService,
+		AuditLog:    svc.auditLogService,
+		AppConfig:   svc.appConfigService,
+		UserCreator: svc.userService,
+	})
+	svc.oneTimeAccessService = service.NewOneTimeAccessService(db, svc.userService, svc.jwtService, svc.auditLogService, svc.emailService, svc.appConfigService)
+
+	svc.versionService = service.NewVersionService(httpClient)
 
 	return svc, nil
 }

backend/internal/bootstrap/socket.go

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package bootstrap
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+)
+
+type socket struct {
+	addr     string
+	listener net.Listener
+}
+
+func unixSocket() (*socket, error) {
+	addr := common.EnvConfig.UnixSocket
+	os.Remove(addr) // remove dangling the socket file to avoid file-exist error
+
+	listener, err := net.Listen("unix", addr) //nolint:noctx
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create UNIX socket: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if common.EnvConfig.UnixSocketMode != "" {
+		mode, err := strconv.ParseUint(common.EnvConfig.UnixSocketMode, 8, 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			listener.Close()
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse UNIX socket mode '%s': %w", common.EnvConfig.UnixSocketMode, err)
+		}
+
+		if err := os.Chmod(addr, os.FileMode(mode)); err != nil {
+			listener.Close()
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to set UNIX socket mode '%s': %w", common.EnvConfig.UnixSocketMode, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &socket{addr, listener}, nil
+}
+
+func tcpSocket() (*socket, error) {
+	addr := net.JoinHostPort(common.EnvConfig.Host, common.EnvConfig.Port)
+
+	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", addr) //nolint:noctx
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create TCP socket: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return &socket{addr, listener}, nil
+}

backend/internal/bootstrap/systemd_socket_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package bootstrap
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/go-systemd/activation"
+)
+
+func systemdSocket() (*socket, error) {
+	listeners, err := activation.Listeners()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to receive socket from systemd: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(listeners) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("did not receive any sockets from systemd")
+	}
+
+	if len(listeners) > 1 {
+		return nil, errors.New("received too many sockets from systemd")
+	}
+
+	return &socket{"(systemd)", listeners[0]}, nil
+}

backend/internal/bootstrap/systemd_socket_nonlinux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//go:build !linux
+
+package bootstrap
+
+import "errors"
+
+func systemdSocket() (*socket, error) {
+	return nil, errors.New("systemd socket activation is only supported on Linux")
+}

backend/internal/cmds/encryption_key_rotate.go

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+package cmds
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/bootstrap"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/instanceid"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
+	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+	jwkutils "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/jwk"
+)
+
+type encryptionKeyRotateFlags struct {
+	NewKey string
+	Yes    bool
+}
+
+func init() {
+	var flags encryptionKeyRotateFlags
+
+	encryptionKeyRotateCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "encryption-key-rotate",
+		Short: "Re-encrypts data using a new encryption key",
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			db, _, err := bootstrap.NewDatabase(cmd.Context())
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			instanceID, err := instanceid.Load(cmd.Context(), db)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			return encryptionKeyRotate(cmd.Context(), flags, db, instanceID, &common.EnvConfig)
+		},
+	}
+
+	encryptionKeyRotateCmd.Flags().StringVar(&flags.NewKey, "new-key", "", "New encryption key to re-encrypt data with")
+	encryptionKeyRotateCmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&flags.Yes, "yes", "y", false, "Do not prompt for confirmation")
+
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(encryptionKeyRotateCmd)
+}
+
+func encryptionKeyRotate(ctx context.Context, flags encryptionKeyRotateFlags, db *gorm.DB, instanceID string, envConfig *common.EnvConfigSchema) error {
+	oldKey := envConfig.EncryptionKey
+	newKey := []byte(flags.NewKey)
+	if len(newKey) == 0 {
+		return errors.New("new encryption key is required (--new-key)")
+	}
+	if len(newKey) < 16 {
+		return errors.New("new encryption key must be at least 16 bytes long")
+	}
+
+	if !flags.Yes {
+		fmt.Println("WARNING: Rotating the encryption key will re-encrypt secrets in the database. Pocket-ID must be restarted with the new ENCRYPTION_KEY after rotation is complete.")
+		ok, err := utils.PromptForConfirmation("Continue")
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if !ok {
+			fmt.Println("Aborted")
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Derive the encryption keys used for the JWK encryption
+	oldKek, err := jwkutils.LoadKeyEncryptionKey(&common.EnvConfigSchema{EncryptionKey: oldKey}, instanceID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to derive old key encryption key: %w", err)
+	}
+	newKek, err := jwkutils.LoadKeyEncryptionKey(&common.EnvConfigSchema{EncryptionKey: newKey}, instanceID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to derive new key encryption key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Derive the encryption keys used for EncryptedString fields
+	oldEncKey, err := datatype.DeriveEncryptedStringKey(oldKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to derive old encrypted string key: %w", err)
+	}
+	newEncKey, err := datatype.DeriveEncryptedStringKey(newKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to derive new encrypted string key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	err = db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		err = rotateSigningKeyEncryption(ctx, tx, oldKek, newKek)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		err = rotateScimTokens(tx, oldEncKey, newEncKey)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println("Encryption key rotation completed successfully.")
+	fmt.Println("Restart pocket-id with the new ENCRYPTION_KEY to use the rotated data.")
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func rotateSigningKeyEncryption(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, oldKek []byte, newKek []byte) error {
+	oldProvider := &jwkutils.KeyProviderDatabase{}
+	err := oldProvider.Init(jwkutils.KeyProviderOpts{
+		DB:  db,
+		Kek: oldKek,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to init key provider with old encryption key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	key, err := oldProvider.LoadKey(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load signing key using old encryption key: %w", err)
+	}
+	if key == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	newProvider := &jwkutils.KeyProviderDatabase{}
+	err = newProvider.Init(jwkutils.KeyProviderOpts{
+		DB:  db,
+		Kek: newKek,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to init key provider with new encryption key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := newProvider.SaveKey(ctx, key); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to store signing key with new encryption key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+type scimTokenRow struct {
+	ID    string
+	Token string
+}
+
+func rotateScimTokens(db *gorm.DB, oldEncKey []byte, newEncKey []byte) error {
+	var rows []scimTokenRow
+	err := db.Model(&model.ScimServiceProvider{}).Select("id, token").Scan(&rows).Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to list SCIM service providers: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, row := range rows {
+		if row.Token == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		decBytes, err := datatype.DecryptEncryptedStringWithKey(oldEncKey, row.Token)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to decrypt SCIM token for provider %s: %w", row.ID, err)
+		}
+
+		encValue, err := datatype.EncryptEncryptedStringWithKey(newEncKey, decBytes)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to encrypt SCIM token for provider %s: %w", row.ID, err)
+		}
+
+		err = db.Model(&model.ScimServiceProvider{}).Where("id = ?", row.ID).Update("token", encValue).Error
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to update SCIM token for provider %s: %w", row.ID, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

backend/internal/cmds/encryption_key_rotate_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package cmds
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/instanceid"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
+	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+	jwkutils "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/jwk"
+	testingutils "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/testing"
+)
+
+func TestEncryptionKeyRotate(t *testing.T) {
+	oldKey := []byte("old-encryption-key-123456")
+	newKey := []byte("new-encryption-key-654321")
+
+	envConfig := &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+		EncryptionKey: oldKey,
+	}
+
+	db := testingutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+
+	instanceID, err := instanceid.Load(t.Context(), db)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	oldKek, err := jwkutils.LoadKeyEncryptionKey(envConfig, instanceID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	oldProvider := &jwkutils.KeyProviderDatabase{}
+	require.NoError(t, oldProvider.Init(jwkutils.KeyProviderOpts{
+		DB:  db,
+		Kek: oldKek,
+	}))
+
+	signingKey, err := jwkutils.GenerateKey("RS256", "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, oldProvider.SaveKey(t.Context(), signingKey))
+
+	oldEncKey, err := datatype.DeriveEncryptedStringKey(oldKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	encToken, err := datatype.EncryptEncryptedStringWithKey(oldEncKey, []byte("scim-token-123"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = db.Exec(
+		`INSERT INTO scim_service_providers (id, created_at, endpoint, token, oidc_client_id) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)`,
+		"scim-1",
+		time.Now(),
+		"https://example.com/scim",
+		encToken,
+		"client-1",
+	).Error
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	flags := encryptionKeyRotateFlags{
+		NewKey: string(newKey),
+		Yes:    true,
+	}
+	err = encryptionKeyRotate(t.Context(), flags, db, instanceID, envConfig)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	newKek, err := jwkutils.LoadKeyEncryptionKey(&common.EnvConfigSchema{EncryptionKey: newKey}, instanceID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	newProvider := &jwkutils.KeyProviderDatabase{}
+	require.NoError(t, newProvider.Init(jwkutils.KeyProviderOpts{
+		DB:  db,
+		Kek: newKek,
+	}))
+
+	rotatedKey, err := newProvider.LoadKey(t.Context())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, rotatedKey)
+
+	var storedToken string
+	err = db.Model(&model.ScimServiceProvider{}).Where("id = ?", "scim-1").Pluck("token", &storedToken).Error
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	newEncKey, err := datatype.DeriveEncryptedStringKey(newKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	decBytes, err := datatype.DecryptEncryptedStringWithKey(newEncKey, storedToken)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "scim-token-123", string(decBytes))
+}

backend/internal/cmds/export.go

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package cmds
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/bootstrap"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type exportFlags struct {
+	Path string
+}
+
+func init() {
+	var flags exportFlags
+
+	exportCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "export",
+		Short: "Exports all data of Pocket ID into a ZIP file",
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			return runExport(cmd.Context(), flags)
+		},
+	}
+
+	exportCmd.Flags().StringVarP(&flags.Path, "path", "p", "pocket-id-export.zip", "Path to the ZIP file to export the data to, or '-' to write to stdout")
+
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(exportCmd)
+}
+
+// runExport orchestrates the export flow
+func runExport(ctx context.Context, flags exportFlags) error {
+	db, _, err := bootstrap.NewDatabase(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to database: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	storage, err := bootstrap.InitStorage(ctx, db)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize storage: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	exportService := service.NewExportService(db, storage)
+
+	var w io.Writer
+	if flags.Path == "-" {
+		w = os.Stdout
+	} else {
+		file, err := os.Create(flags.Path)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create export file: %w", err)
+		}
+		defer file.Close()
+
+		w = file
+	}
+
+	if err := exportService.ExportToZip(ctx, w); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to export data: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if flags.Path != "-" {
+		fmt.Printf("Exported data to %s\n", flags.Path)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

backend/internal/cmds/healthcheck.go

@@ -2,9 +2,12 @@ package cmds
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
+	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
+	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
@@ -13,8 +16,14 @@ import (
 )
 
 type healthcheckFlags struct {
-	Endpoint string
-	Verbose  bool
+	Endpoint   string
+	UnixSocket string
+	Verbose    bool
+}
+
+type healthcheckResult struct {
+	StatusCode int
+	URL        string
 }
 
 func init() {
@@ -29,47 +38,26 @@ func init() {
 			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(cmd.Context(), 5*time.Second)
 			defer cancel()
 
-			url := flags.Endpoint + "/healthz"
-			req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
+			if flags.UnixSocket == "" && !cmd.Flags().Changed("endpoint") {
+				flags.UnixSocket = common.EnvConfig.UnixSocket
+			}
+
+			result, err := healthcheck(ctx, flags)
 			if err != nil {
 				slog.ErrorContext(ctx,
-					"Failed to create request object",
+					"Healthcheck failed",
 					"error", err,
-					"url", url,
 					"ms", time.Since(start).Milliseconds(),
 				)
 				os.Exit(1)
 			}
 
-			res, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
-			if err != nil {
-				slog.ErrorContext(ctx,
-					"Failed to perform request",
-					"error", err,
-					"url", url,
-					"ms", time.Since(start).Milliseconds(),
-				)
-				os.Exit(1)
-			}
-			defer res.Body.Close()
-
-			if res.StatusCode < 200 || res.StatusCode >= 300 {
-				if err != nil {
-					slog.ErrorContext(ctx,
-						"Healthcheck failed",
-						"status", res.StatusCode,
-						"url", url,
-						"ms", time.Since(start).Milliseconds(),
-					)
-					os.Exit(1)
-				}
-			}
-
 			if flags.Verbose {
 				slog.InfoContext(ctx,
 					"Healthcheck succeeded",
-					"status", res.StatusCode,
-					"url", url,
+					"status", result.StatusCode,
+					"url", result.URL,
+					"unixSocket", flags.UnixSocket,
 					"ms", time.Since(start).Milliseconds(),
 				)
 			}
@@ -77,7 +65,42 @@ func init() {
 	}
 
 	healthcheckCmd.Flags().StringVarP(&flags.Endpoint, "endpoint", "e", "http://localhost:"+common.EnvConfig.Port, "Endpoint for Pocket ID")
+	healthcheckCmd.Flags().StringVar(&flags.UnixSocket, "unix-socket", "", "UNIX socket path for Pocket ID")
 	healthcheckCmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&flags.Verbose, "verbose", "v", false, "Enable verbose mode")
 
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(healthcheckCmd)
 }
+
+func healthcheck(ctx context.Context, flags healthcheckFlags) (*healthcheckResult, error) {
+	url := strings.TrimRight(flags.Endpoint, "/") + "/healthz"
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create request object for %q: %w", url, err)
+	}
+
+	client := http.DefaultClient
+	if flags.UnixSocket != "" {
+		transport := http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport).Clone()
+		transport.Proxy = nil
+		transport.DialContext = func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
+			dialer := net.Dialer{}
+			return dialer.DialContext(ctx, "unix", flags.UnixSocket)
+		}
+		client = &http.Client{Transport: transport}
+	}
+
+	res, err := client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to perform request to %q: %w", url, err)
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+
+	if res.StatusCode < 200 || res.StatusCode >= 300 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected status %d from %q", res.StatusCode, url)
+	}
+
+	return &healthcheckResult{
+		StatusCode: res.StatusCode,
+		URL:        url,
+	}, nil
+}

backend/internal/cmds/healthcheck_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+package cmds
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestHealthcheckTCPSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		assert.Equal(t, "/healthz", r.URL.Path)
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	result, err := healthcheck(t.Context(), healthcheckFlags{
+		Endpoint: server.URL,
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusNoContent, result.StatusCode)
+	require.Equal(t, server.URL+"/healthz", result.URL)
+}
+
+func TestHealthcheckFailsOnUnexpectedStatus(t *testing.T) {
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	_, err := healthcheck(t.Context(), healthcheckFlags{
+		Endpoint: server.URL,
+	})
+
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "unexpected status 500")
+}
+
+func TestHealthcheckUnixSocket(t *testing.T) {
+	socketPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "pocket-id.sock")
+	listener, err := (&net.ListenConfig{}).Listen(t.Context(), "unix", socketPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	server := &http.Server{
+		Handler: http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "/healthz", r.URL.Path)
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
+		}),
+		ReadHeaderTimeout: time.Second,
+	}
+
+	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		errCh <- server.Serve(listener)
+	}()
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
+		defer cancel()
+		require.NoError(t, server.Shutdown(ctx))
+		require.ErrorIs(t, <-errCh, http.ErrServerClosed)
+	})
+
+	result, err := healthcheck(t.Context(), healthcheckFlags{
+		Endpoint:   "http://localhost:1411",
+		UnixSocket: socketPath,
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusNoContent, result.StatusCode)
+	require.Equal(t, "http://localhost:1411/healthz", result.URL)
+}

backend/internal/cmds/import.go

@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+package cmds
+
+import (
+	"archive/zip"
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/bootstrap"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+)
+
+type importFlags struct {
+	Path                  string
+	Yes                   bool
+	ForcefullyAcquireLock bool
+}
+
+func init() {
+	var flags importFlags
+
+	importCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "import",
+		Short: "Imports all data of Pocket ID from a ZIP file",
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			return runImport(cmd.Context(), flags)
+		},
+	}
+
+	importCmd.Flags().StringVarP(&flags.Path, "path", "p", "pocket-id-export.zip", "Path to the ZIP file to import the data from, or '-' to read from stdin")
+	importCmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&flags.Yes, "yes", "y", false, "Skip confirmation prompts")
+	importCmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&flags.ForcefullyAcquireLock, "forcefully-acquire-lock", "", false, "Forcefully acquire the application lock by terminating the Pocket ID instance")
+
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(importCmd)
+}
+
+// runImport handles the high-level orchestration of the import process
+func runImport(ctx context.Context, flags importFlags) error {
+	if !flags.Yes {
+		ok, err := askForConfirmation()
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get confirmation: %w", err)
+		}
+		if !ok {
+			fmt.Println("Aborted")
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+	}
+
+	var (
+		zipReader *zip.ReadCloser
+		cleanup   func()
+		err       error
+	)
+
+	if flags.Path == "-" {
+		zipReader, cleanup, err = readZipFromStdin()
+		defer cleanup()
+	} else {
+		zipReader, err = zip.OpenReader(flags.Path)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to open zip: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer zipReader.Close()
+
+	db, _, err := bootstrap.ConnectDatabase(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	err = acquireImportLock(ctx, db, flags.ForcefullyAcquireLock)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	storage, err := bootstrap.InitStorage(ctx, db)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize storage: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	importService := service.NewImportService(db, storage)
+	err = importService.ImportFromZip(ctx, &zipReader.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to import data from zip: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println("Import completed successfully.")
+	return nil
+}
+
+func acquireImportLock(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, force bool) error {
+	// Check if the kv table exists, in case we are starting from an empty database
+	exists, err := utils.DBTableExists(db, "kv")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to check if kv table exists: %w", err)
+	}
+	if !exists {
+		// This either means the database is empty, or the import is into an old version of PocketID that doesn't support locks
+		// In either case, there's no lock to acquire
+		fmt.Println("Could not acquire a lock because the 'kv' table does not exist. This is fine if you're importing into a new database, but make sure that there isn't an instance of Pocket ID currently running and using the same database.")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Note that we do not call a deferred Release if the data was imported
+	// This is because we are overriding the contents of the database, so the lock is automatically lost
+	appLockService := service.NewAppLockService(db)
+
+	opCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 30*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	waitUntil, err := appLockService.Acquire(opCtx, force)
+	if errors.Is(err, service.ErrLockUnavailable) {
+		//nolint:staticcheck
+		return errors.New("Pocket ID must be stopped before importing data; please stop the running instance or run with --forcefully-acquire-lock to terminate the other instance")
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to acquire application lock: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	case <-time.After(time.Until(waitUntil)):
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func askForConfirmation() (bool, error) {
+	fmt.Println("WARNING: This feature is experimental and may not work correctly. Please create a backup before proceeding and report any issues you encounter.")
+	fmt.Println()
+	fmt.Println("WARNING: Import will erase all existing data at the following locations:")
+	fmt.Printf("Database:      %s\n", absolutePathOrOriginal(common.EnvConfig.DbConnectionString))
+	fmt.Printf("Uploads Path:  %s\n", absolutePathOrOriginal(common.EnvConfig.UploadPath))
+
+	ok, err := utils.PromptForConfirmation("Do you want to continue?")
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	return ok, nil
+}
+
+// absolutePathOrOriginal returns the absolute path of the given path, or the original if it fails
+func absolutePathOrOriginal(path string) string {
+	abs, err := filepath.Abs(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return path
+	}
+	return abs
+}
+
+func readZipFromStdin() (*zip.ReadCloser, func(), error) {
+	tmpFile, err := os.CreateTemp("", "pocket-id-import-*.zip")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create temporary file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	cleanup := func() {
+		_ = os.Remove(tmpFile.Name())
+	}
+
+	if _, err := io.Copy(tmpFile, os.Stdin); err != nil {
+		tmpFile.Close()
+		cleanup()
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read data from stdin: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := tmpFile.Close(); err != nil {
+		cleanup()
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to close temporary file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	r, err := zip.OpenReader(tmpFile.Name())
+	if err != nil {
+		cleanup()
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	return r, cleanup, nil
+}

backend/internal/cmds/key_rotate.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"os"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3/jwa"
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/bootstrap"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/instanceid"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
 	jwkutils "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/jwk"
 )
@@ -30,9 +31,17 @@ func init() {
 		Use:   "key-rotate",
 		Short: "Generates a new token signing key and replaces the current one",
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			db := bootstrap.NewDatabase()
+			db, _, err := bootstrap.NewDatabase(cmd.Context())
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
 
-			return keyRotate(cmd.Context(), flags, db, &common.EnvConfig)
+			instanceID, err := instanceid.Load(cmd.Context(), db)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			return keyRotate(cmd.Context(), flags, db, instanceID, &common.EnvConfig)
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -43,7 +52,7 @@ func init() {
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(keyRotateCmd)
 }
 
-func keyRotate(ctx context.Context, flags keyRotateFlags, db *gorm.DB, envConfig *common.EnvConfigSchema) error {
+func keyRotate(ctx context.Context, flags keyRotateFlags, db *gorm.DB, instanceID string, envConfig *common.EnvConfigSchema) error {
 	// Validate the flags
 	switch strings.ToUpper(flags.Alg) {
 	case jwa.RS256().String(), jwa.RS384().String(), jwa.RS512().String(),
@@ -75,15 +84,12 @@ func keyRotate(ctx context.Context, flags keyRotateFlags, db *gorm.DB, envConfig
 		}
 		if !ok {
 			fmt.Println("Aborted")
-			return nil
+			os.Exit(1)
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Init the services we need
-	appConfigService := service.NewAppConfigService(ctx, db)
-
 	// Get the key provider
-	keyProvider, err := jwkutils.GetKeyProvider(db, envConfig, appConfigService.GetDbConfig().InstanceID.Value)
+	keyProvider, err := jwkutils.GetKeyProvider(db, envConfig, instanceID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get key provider: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -95,7 +101,7 @@ func keyRotate(ctx context.Context, flags keyRotateFlags, db *gorm.DB, envConfig
 	}
 
 	// Save the key
-	err = keyProvider.SaveKey(key)
+	err = keyProvider.SaveKey(ctx, key)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to store new key: %w", err)
 	}

backend/internal/cmds/key_rotate_test.go

@@ -1,15 +1,13 @@
 package cmds
 
 import (
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/instanceid"
 	jwkutils "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/jwk"
 	testingutils "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/testing"
 )
@@ -69,93 +67,30 @@ func TestKeyRotate(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Run("file storage", func(t *testing.T) {
-				testKeyRotateWithFileStorage(t, tt.flags, tt.wantErr, tt.errMsg)
-			})
-
-			t.Run("database storage", func(t *testing.T) {
-				testKeyRotateWithDatabaseStorage(t, tt.flags, tt.wantErr, tt.errMsg)
-			})
+			testKeyRotateWithDatabaseStorage(t, tt.flags, tt.wantErr, tt.errMsg)
 		})
 	}
 }
 
-func testKeyRotateWithFileStorage(t *testing.T, flags keyRotateFlags, wantErr bool, errMsg string) {
-	// Create temporary directory for keys
-	tempDir := t.TempDir()
-	keysPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "keys")
-	err := os.MkdirAll(keysPath, 0755)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	// Set up file storage config
-	envConfig := &common.EnvConfigSchema{
-		KeysStorage: "file",
-		KeysPath:    keysPath,
-	}
-
-	// Create test database
-	db := testingutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
-
-	// Initialize app config service and create instance
-	appConfigService := service.NewAppConfigService(t.Context(), db)
-	instanceID := appConfigService.GetDbConfig().InstanceID.Value
-
-	// Check if key exists before rotation
-	keyProvider, err := jwkutils.GetKeyProvider(db, envConfig, instanceID)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	// Run the key rotation
-	err = keyRotate(t.Context(), flags, db, envConfig)
-
-	if wantErr {
-		require.Error(t, err)
-		if errMsg != "" {
-			require.ErrorContains(t, err, errMsg)
-		}
-		return
-	}
-
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	// Verify key was created
-	key, err := keyProvider.LoadKey()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, key)
-
-	// Verify the algorithm matches what we requested
-	alg, _ := key.Algorithm()
-	assert.NotEmpty(t, alg)
-	if flags.Alg != "" {
-		expectedAlg := flags.Alg
-		if expectedAlg == "EdDSA" {
-			// EdDSA keys should have the EdDSA algorithm
-			assert.Equal(t, "EdDSA", alg.String())
-		} else {
-			assert.Equal(t, expectedAlg, alg.String())
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func testKeyRotateWithDatabaseStorage(t *testing.T, flags keyRotateFlags, wantErr bool, errMsg string) {
 	// Set up database storage config
 	envConfig := &common.EnvConfigSchema{
-		KeysStorage:   "database",
-		EncryptionKey: "test-encryption-key-characters-long",
+		EncryptionKey: []byte("test-encryption-key-characters-long"),
 	}
 
 	// Create test database
 	db := testingutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
 
-	// Initialize app config service and create instance
-	appConfigService := service.NewAppConfigService(t.Context(), db)
-	instanceID := appConfigService.GetDbConfig().InstanceID.Value
+	// Load the instance ID
+	instanceID, err := instanceid.Load(t.Context(), db)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Get key provider
 	keyProvider, err := jwkutils.GetKeyProvider(db, envConfig, instanceID)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Run the key rotation
-	err = keyRotate(t.Context(), flags, db, envConfig)
+	err = keyRotate(t.Context(), flags, db, instanceID, envConfig)
 
 	if wantErr {
 		require.Error(t, err)
@@ -168,7 +103,7 @@ func testKeyRotateWithDatabaseStorage(t *testing.T, flags keyRotateFlags, wantEr
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Verify key was created
-	key, err := keyProvider.LoadKey()
+	key, err := keyProvider.LoadKey(t.Context())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotNil(t, key)
 

backend/internal/cmds/one_time_access_token.go

@@ -24,11 +24,14 @@ var oneTimeAccessTokenCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		userArg := args[0]
 
 		// Connect to the database
-		db := bootstrap.NewDatabase()
+		db, _, err := bootstrap.NewDatabase(cmd.Context())
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 
 		// Create the access token
 		var oneTimeAccessToken *model.OneTimeAccessToken
-		err := db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		err = db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
 			// Load the user to retrieve the user ID
 			var user model.User
 			queryCtx, queryCancel := context.WithTimeout(cmd.Context(), 10*time.Second)
@@ -48,7 +51,7 @@ var oneTimeAccessTokenCmd = &cobra.Command{
 			}
 
 			// Create a new access token that expires in 1 hour
-			oneTimeAccessToken, txErr = service.NewOneTimeAccessToken(user.ID, time.Now().Add(time.Hour))
+			oneTimeAccessToken, txErr = service.NewOneTimeAccessToken(user.ID, time.Hour, false)
 			if txErr != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("failed to generate access token: %w", txErr)
 			}

backend/internal/cmds/root.go

@@ -5,16 +5,17 @@ import (
 	"log/slog"
 	"os"
 
+	"github.com/italypaleale/go-kit/signals"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/bootstrap"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/signals"
 )
 
 var rootCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "pocket-id",
-	Short: "A simple and easy-to-use OIDC provider that allows users to authenticate with their passkeys to your services.",
-	Long:  "By default, this command starts the pocket-id server.",
+	Use:          "pocket-id",
+	Short:        "A simple and easy-to-use OIDC provider that allows users to authenticate with their passkeys to your services.",
+	Long:         "By default, this command starts the pocket-id server.",
+	SilenceUsage: true,
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		// Start the server
 		err := bootstrap.Bootstrap(cmd.Context())

backend/internal/common/claims.go

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package common
+
+// AuthenticationMethodsClaim is the JWT claim ("amr") used to identify how the user
+// authenticated. It is shared between the session JWTs and the OIDC tokens.
+const AuthenticationMethodsClaim = "amr"
+
+// TokenTypeClaim is the JWT claim ("type") used to identify the type of token.
+const TokenTypeClaim = "type"

backend/internal/common/env_config.go

@@ -3,14 +3,22 @@ package common
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
+	"log/slog"
+	"net"
 	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"reflect"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/caarlos0/env/v11"
+	sloggin "github.com/gin-contrib/slog"
 	_ "github.com/joho/godotenv/autoload"
 )
 
+type AppEnv string
 type DbProvider string
+type TrustProxyConfig []string
 
 const (
 	// TracerName should be passed to otel.Tracer, trace.SpanFromContext when creating custom spans.
@@ -20,35 +28,64 @@ const (
 )
 
 const (
+	AppEnvProduction        AppEnv     = "production"
+	AppEnvDevelopment       AppEnv     = "development"
+	AppEnvTest              AppEnv     = "test"
 	DbProviderSqlite        DbProvider = "sqlite"
 	DbProviderPostgres      DbProvider = "postgres"
 	MaxMindGeoLiteCityUrl   string     = "https://download.maxmind.com/app/geoip_download?edition_id=GeoLite2-City&license_key=%s&suffix=tar.gz"
-	defaultSqliteConnString string     = "file:data/pocket-id.db?_pragma=journal_mode(WAL)&_pragma=busy_timeout(2500)&_txlock=immediate"
+	defaultSqliteConnString string     = "data/pocket-id.db"
+	defaultFsUploadPath     string     = "data/uploads"
+	AppUrl                  string     = "http://localhost:1411"
 )
 
 type EnvConfigSchema struct {
-	AppEnv             string     `env:"APP_ENV"`
-	AppURL             string     `env:"APP_URL"`
-	DbProvider         DbProvider `env:"DB_PROVIDER"`
-	DbConnectionString string     `env:"DB_CONNECTION_STRING"`
-	UploadPath         string     `env:"UPLOAD_PATH"`
-	KeysPath           string     `env:"KEYS_PATH"`
-	KeysStorage        string     `env:"KEYS_STORAGE"`
-	EncryptionKey      string     `env:"ENCRYPTION_KEY"`
-	EncryptionKeyFile  string     `env:"ENCRYPTION_KEY_FILE"`
-	Port               string     `env:"PORT"`
-	Host               string     `env:"HOST"`
-	UnixSocket         string     `env:"UNIX_SOCKET"`
-	UnixSocketMode     string     `env:"UNIX_SOCKET_MODE"`
-	MaxMindLicenseKey  string     `env:"MAXMIND_LICENSE_KEY"`
-	GeoLiteDBPath      string     `env:"GEOLITE_DB_PATH"`
-	GeoLiteDBUrl       string     `env:"GEOLITE_DB_URL"`
-	LocalIPv6Ranges    string     `env:"LOCAL_IPV6_RANGES"`
-	UiConfigDisabled   bool       `env:"UI_CONFIG_DISABLED"`
-	MetricsEnabled     bool       `env:"METRICS_ENABLED"`
-	TracingEnabled     bool       `env:"TRACING_ENABLED"`
-	TrustProxy         bool       `env:"TRUST_PROXY"`
-	AnalyticsDisabled  bool       `env:"ANALYTICS_DISABLED"`
+	AppEnv                    AppEnv `env:"APP_ENV" options:"toLower"`
+	EncryptionKey             []byte `env:"ENCRYPTION_KEY" options:"file"`
+	AppURL                    string `env:"APP_URL" options:"toLower,trimTrailingSlash"`
+	DbProvider                DbProvider
+	DbConnectionString        string           `env:"DB_CONNECTION_STRING" options:"file"`
+	TrustProxy                TrustProxyConfig `env:"TRUST_PROXY"`
+	TrustedPlatform           string           `env:"TRUSTED_PLATFORM"`
+	AuditLogRetentionDays     int              `env:"AUDIT_LOG_RETENTION_DAYS"`
+	AnalyticsDisabled         bool             `env:"ANALYTICS_DISABLED"`
+	AllowDowngrade            bool             `env:"ALLOW_DOWNGRADE"`
+	AllowInsecureCallbackURLs bool             `env:"ALLOW_INSECURE_CALLBACK_URLS"`
+	InternalAppURL            string           `env:"INTERNAL_APP_URL"`
+	UiConfigDisabled          bool             `env:"UI_CONFIG_DISABLED"`
+	DisableRateLimiting       bool             `env:"DISABLE_RATE_LIMITING"`
+	VersionCheckDisabled      bool             `env:"VERSION_CHECK_DISABLED"`
+	StaticApiKey              string           `env:"STATIC_API_KEY" options:"file"`
+
+	FileBackend                     string `env:"FILE_BACKEND" options:"toLower"`
+	UploadPath                      string `env:"UPLOAD_PATH"`
+	S3Bucket                        string `env:"S3_BUCKET"`
+	S3Region                        string `env:"S3_REGION"`
+	S3Endpoint                      string `env:"S3_ENDPOINT"`
+	S3AccessKeyID                   string `env:"S3_ACCESS_KEY_ID"`
+	S3SecretAccessKey               string `env:"S3_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY" options:"file"`
+	S3ForcePathStyle                bool   `env:"S3_FORCE_PATH_STYLE"`
+	S3DisableDefaultIntegrityChecks bool   `env:"S3_DISABLE_DEFAULT_INTEGRITY_CHECKS"`
+
+	Port            string `env:"PORT"`
+	Host            string `env:"HOST" options:"toLower"`
+	UnixSocket      string `env:"UNIX_SOCKET"`
+	UnixSocketMode  string `env:"UNIX_SOCKET_MODE"`
+	SystemdSocket   bool   `env:"SYSTEMD_SOCKET"`
+	LocalIPv6Ranges string `env:"LOCAL_IPV6_RANGES"`
+
+	TLSCertFile string `env:"TLS_CERT" options:"file"`
+	TLSKeyFile  string `env:"TLS_KEY" options:"file"`
+
+	MaxMindLicenseKey string `env:"MAXMIND_LICENSE_KEY" options:"file"`
+	GeoLiteDBPath     string `env:"GEOLITE_DB_PATH"`
+	GeoLiteDBUrl      string `env:"GEOLITE_DB_URL"`
+
+	ActorsPort string `env:"ACTORS_PORT"`
+	ActorsHost string `env:"ACTORS_HOST" options:"toLower"`
+
+	LogLevel string `env:"LOG_LEVEL" options:"toLower"`
+	LogJSON  bool   `env:"LOG_JSON"`
 }
 
 var EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
@@ -56,78 +93,330 @@ var EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
 func init() {
 	err := parseEnvConfig()
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("Configuration error: %v", err)
+		slog.Error("Configuration error", slog.Any("error", err))
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 }
 
 func defaultConfig() EnvConfigSchema {
 	return EnvConfigSchema{
-		AppEnv:             "production",
-		DbProvider:         "sqlite",
-		DbConnectionString: "",
-		UploadPath:         "data/uploads",
-		KeysPath:           "data/keys",
-		KeysStorage:        "", // "database" or "file"
-		EncryptionKey:      "",
-		AppURL:             "http://localhost:1411",
-		Port:               "1411",
-		Host:               "0.0.0.0",
-		UnixSocket:         "",
-		UnixSocketMode:     "",
-		MaxMindLicenseKey:  "",
-		GeoLiteDBPath:      "data/GeoLite2-City.mmdb",
-		GeoLiteDBUrl:       MaxMindGeoLiteCityUrl,
-		LocalIPv6Ranges:    "",
-		UiConfigDisabled:   false,
-		MetricsEnabled:     false,
-		TracingEnabled:     false,
-		TrustProxy:         false,
-		AnalyticsDisabled:  false,
+		AppEnv:                    AppEnvProduction,
+		LogLevel:                  "info",
+		DbProvider:                "sqlite",
+		FileBackend:               "filesystem",
+		AuditLogRetentionDays:     90,
+		AllowInsecureCallbackURLs: true, // TODO: Default to false in major v3
+		AppURL:                    AppUrl,
+		Port:                      "1411",
+		Host:                      "0.0.0.0",
+		ActorsPort:                "1414",
+		ActorsHost:                "0.0.0.0",
+		GeoLiteDBPath:             "data/GeoLite2-City.mmdb",
+		GeoLiteDBUrl:              MaxMindGeoLiteCityUrl,
 	}
 }
 
 func parseEnvConfig() error {
-	err := env.ParseWithOptions(&EnvConfig, env.Options{})
+	parsers := map[reflect.Type]env.ParserFunc{
+		reflect.TypeFor[[]byte](): func(value string) (any, error) {
+			return []byte(value), nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	err := env.ParseWithOptions(&EnvConfig, env.Options{
+		FuncMap: parsers,
+	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error parsing env config: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	// Validate the environment variables
-	switch EnvConfig.DbProvider {
-	case DbProviderSqlite:
-		if EnvConfig.DbConnectionString == "" {
-			EnvConfig.DbConnectionString = defaultSqliteConnString
-		}
-	case DbProviderPostgres:
-		if EnvConfig.DbConnectionString == "" {
-			return errors.New("missing required env var 'DB_CONNECTION_STRING' for Postgres database")
-		}
-	default:
-		return errors.New("invalid DB_PROVIDER value. Must be 'sqlite' or 'postgres'")
-	}
-
-	parsedAppUrl, err := url.Parse(EnvConfig.AppURL)
+	err = prepareEnvConfig(&EnvConfig)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.New("APP_URL is not a valid URL")
-	}
-	if parsedAppUrl.Path != "" {
-		return errors.New("APP_URL must not contain a path")
+		return fmt.Errorf("error preparing env config: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	switch EnvConfig.KeysStorage {
-	// KeysStorage defaults to "file" if empty
-	case "":
-		EnvConfig.KeysStorage = "file"
-	case "database":
-		// If KeysStorage is "database", a key must be specified
-		if EnvConfig.EncryptionKey == "" && EnvConfig.EncryptionKeyFile == "" {
-			return errors.New("ENCRYPTION_KEY or ENCRYPTION_KEY_FILE must be non-empty when KEYS_STORAGE is database")
-		}
-	case "file":
-		// All good, these are valid values
-	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("invalid value for KEYS_STORAGE: %s", EnvConfig.KeysStorage)
+	return nil
+
+}
+
+// ValidateEnvConfig checks the EnvConfig for required fields and valid values
+func ValidateEnvConfig(config *EnvConfigSchema) error {
+	if shouldSkipEnvValidation(os.Args) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	_, err := sloggin.ParseLevel(config.LogLevel)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.New("invalid LOG_LEVEL value. Must be 'debug', 'info', 'warn' or 'error'")
+	}
+
+	// Check required properties
+	if len(config.EncryptionKey) < 16 {
+		return errors.New("ENCRYPTION_KEY must be at least 16 bytes long")
+	}
+
+	if config.SystemdSocket && config.UnixSocket != "" {
+		return errors.New("SYSTEMD_SOCKET and UNIX_SOCKET are mutually exclusive")
+	}
+
+	if config.AuditLogRetentionDays <= 0 {
+		return errors.New("AUDIT_LOG_RETENTION_DAYS must be greater than 0")
+	}
+
+	if config.StaticApiKey != "" && len(config.StaticApiKey) < 16 {
+		return errors.New("when set, STATIC_API_KEY must be at least 16 characters long")
+	}
+
+	// Prepare the DB config
+	prepareDbConfig(config)
+
+	// Validate other required options
+	err = validateAppURLs(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	err = validateFileBackend(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	err = validateLocalIPv6Ranges(config.LocalIPv6Ranges)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	err = validateTLSConfig(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+func prepareDbConfig(config *EnvConfigSchema) {
+	switch {
+	case config.DbConnectionString == "":
+		config.DbProvider = DbProviderSqlite
+		config.DbConnectionString = defaultSqliteConnString
+	case strings.HasPrefix(config.DbConnectionString, "postgres://") || strings.HasPrefix(config.DbConnectionString, "postgresql://"):
+		config.DbProvider = DbProviderPostgres
+	default:
+		config.DbProvider = DbProviderSqlite
+	}
+}
+
+func validateAppURLs(config *EnvConfigSchema) error {
+	if err := validateURLWithoutPath(config.AppURL, "APP_URL"); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Derive INTERNAL_APP_URL from APP_URL if not set; validate only when provided
+	if config.InternalAppURL == "" {
+		config.InternalAppURL = config.AppURL
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return validateURLWithoutPath(config.InternalAppURL, "INTERNAL_APP_URL")
+}
+
+func validateURLWithoutPath(rawURL, envName string) error {
+	parsedURL, err := url.Parse(rawURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s is not a valid URL", envName)
+	}
+	if parsedURL.Path != "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s must not contain a path", envName)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func validateFileBackend(config *EnvConfigSchema) error {
+	switch config.FileBackend {
+	case "s3", "database":
+		return nil
+	case "", "filesystem":
+		if config.UploadPath == "" {
+			config.UploadPath = defaultFsUploadPath
+		}
+		return nil
+	default:
+		return errors.New("invalid FILE_BACKEND value. Must be 'filesystem', 'database', or 's3'")
+	}
+}
+
+func validateLocalIPv6Ranges(localIPv6Ranges string) error {
+	ranges := strings.SplitSeq(localIPv6Ranges, ",")
+	for rangeStr := range ranges {
+		rangeStr = strings.TrimSpace(rangeStr)
+		if rangeStr == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if err := validateLocalIPv6Range(rangeStr); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func validateLocalIPv6Range(rangeStr string) error {
+	_, ipNet, err := net.ParseCIDR(rangeStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid LOCAL_IPV6_RANGES '%s': %w", rangeStr, err)
+	}
+
+	if ipNet.IP.To4() != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("range '%s' is not a valid IPv6 range", rangeStr)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func validateTLSConfig(config *EnvConfigSchema) error {
+	switch {
+	case config.TLSCertFile != "" && config.TLSKeyFile == "":
+		return errors.New("TLS_KEY_FILE must be set when TLS_CERT_FILE is set")
+	case config.TLSCertFile == "" && config.TLSKeyFile != "":
+		return errors.New("TLS_CERT_FILE must be set when TLS_KEY_FILE is set")
+	}
+
+	if config.TLSCertFile != "" && config.TLSKeyFile != "" {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(config.TLSCertFile); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("TLS_CERT_FILE not found: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if config.TLSCertFile != "" && config.TLSKeyFile != "" {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(config.TLSKeyFile); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("TLS_KEY_FILE not found: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+
+}
+
+func shouldSkipEnvValidation(args []string) bool {
+	for _, arg := range args[1:] {
+		switch arg {
+		case "-h", "--help", "help", "version":
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// prepareEnvConfig processes special options for EnvConfig fields
+func prepareEnvConfig(config *EnvConfigSchema) error {
+	val := reflect.ValueOf(config).Elem()
+	typ := val.Type()
+
+	for i := 0; i < val.NumField(); i++ {
+		field := val.Field(i)
+		fieldType := typ.Field(i)
+
+		optionsTag := fieldType.Tag.Get("options")
+		options := strings.SplitSeq(optionsTag, ",")
+
+		for option := range options {
+			switch option {
+			case "toLower":
+				if field.Kind() == reflect.String {
+					field.SetString(strings.ToLower(field.String()))
+				}
+			case "file":
+				err := resolveFileBasedEnvVariable(field, fieldType)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			case "trimTrailingSlash":
+				if field.Kind() == reflect.String {
+					field.SetString(strings.TrimRight(field.String(), "/"))
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// resolveFileBasedEnvVariable checks if an environment variable with the suffix "_FILE" is set,
+// reads the content of the file specified by that variable, and sets the corresponding field's value.
+func resolveFileBasedEnvVariable(field reflect.Value, fieldType reflect.StructField) error {
+	// Only process string and []byte fields
+	isString := field.Kind() == reflect.String
+	isByteSlice := field.Kind() == reflect.Slice && field.Type().Elem().Kind() == reflect.Uint8
+	if !isString && !isByteSlice {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Only process fields with the "env" tag
+	envTag := fieldType.Tag.Get("env")
+	if envTag == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	envVarName := envTag
+	if commaIndex := len(envTag); commaIndex > 0 {
+		envVarName = envTag[:commaIndex]
+	}
+
+	// If the file environment variable is not set, skip
+	envVarFileName := envVarName + "_FILE"
+	envVarFileValue := os.Getenv(envVarFileName)
+	if envVarFileValue == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// #nosec G703 - Path is passed by the admin
+	fileContent, err := os.ReadFile(envVarFileValue)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read file for env var %s: %w", envVarFileName, err)
+	}
+
+	if isString {
+		field.SetString(strings.TrimSpace(string(fileContent)))
+	} else {
+		field.SetBytes(fileContent)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (a AppEnv) IsProduction() bool {
+	return a == AppEnvProduction
+}
+
+func (a AppEnv) IsTest() bool {
+	return a == AppEnvTest
+}
+
+func (config *TrustProxyConfig) UnmarshalText(text []byte) error {
+	value := strings.TrimSpace(string(text))
+
+	// Support boolean values for completely enabling or disabling trust proxy
+	enabled, err := strconv.ParseBool(value)
+	if err == nil {
+		if enabled {
+			*config = TrustProxyConfig{"0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"}
+		} else {
+			*config = nil
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Normalize and validate each explicit proxy before the server starts
+	proxies := strings.Split(value, ",")
+	for i, proxy := range proxies {
+		proxy = strings.TrimSpace(proxy)
+		proxies[i] = proxy
+	}
+
+	*config = proxies
+	return nil
+}

backend/internal/common/env_config_test.go

@@ -1,12 +1,27 @@
 package common
 
 import (
+	"os"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
+func parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t *testing.T) error {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	if _, exists := os.LookupEnv("ENCRYPTION_KEY"); !exists {
+		t.Setenv("ENCRYPTION_KEY", "0123456789abcdef")
+	}
+
+	if err := parseEnvConfig(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return ValidateEnvConfig(&EnvConfig)
+}
+
 func TestParseEnvConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	// Store original config to restore later
 	originalConfig := EnvConfig
@@ -16,137 +31,87 @@ func TestParseEnvConfig(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Run("should parse valid SQLite config correctly", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
 		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
-		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "HTTP://LOCALHOST:3000")
 
-		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, DbProviderSqlite, EnvConfig.DbProvider)
+		assert.Equal(t, "http://localhost:3000", EnvConfig.AppURL)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("should parse valid Postgres config correctly", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "postgres")
 		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "postgres://user:pass@localhost/db")
 		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "https://example.com")
 
-		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, DbProviderPostgres, EnvConfig.DbProvider)
 	})
 
-	t.Run("should fail with invalid DB_PROVIDER", func(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("should fail when ENCRYPTION_KEY is too short", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "invalid")
-		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "test")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
 		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("ENCRYPTION_KEY", "short")
 
-		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
 		require.Error(t, err)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "invalid DB_PROVIDER value")
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "ENCRYPTION_KEY must be at least 16 bytes long")
 	})
 
 	t.Run("should set default SQLite connection string when DB_CONNECTION_STRING is empty", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
-		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "") // Explicitly empty
 		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
 
-		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, defaultSqliteConnString, EnvConfig.DbConnectionString)
 	})
 
-	t.Run("should fail when Postgres DB_CONNECTION_STRING is missing", func(t *testing.T) {
-		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "postgres")
-		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
-
-		err := parseEnvConfig()
-		require.Error(t, err)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "missing required env var 'DB_CONNECTION_STRING' for Postgres")
-	})
-
 	t.Run("should fail with invalid APP_URL", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
 		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
 		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "€://not-a-valid-url")
 
-		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
 		require.Error(t, err)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "APP_URL is not a valid URL")
 	})
 
 	t.Run("should fail when APP_URL contains path", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
 		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
 		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000/path")
 
-		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
 		require.Error(t, err)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "APP_URL must not contain a path")
 	})
 
-	t.Run("should default KEYS_STORAGE to 'file' when empty", func(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("should fail with invalid INTERNAL_APP_URL", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
 		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
-		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("INTERNAL_APP_URL", "€://not-a-valid-url")
 
-		err := parseEnvConfig()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, "file", EnvConfig.KeysStorage)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("should fail when KEYS_STORAGE is 'database' but no encryption key", func(t *testing.T) {
-		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
-		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
-		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
-		t.Setenv("KEYS_STORAGE", "database")
-
-		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
 		require.Error(t, err)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "ENCRYPTION_KEY or ENCRYPTION_KEY_FILE must be non-empty")
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "INTERNAL_APP_URL is not a valid URL")
 	})
 
-	t.Run("should accept valid KEYS_STORAGE values", func(t *testing.T) {
-		validStorageTypes := []string{"file", "database"}
-
-		for _, storage := range validStorageTypes {
-			EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-			t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
-			t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
-			t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
-			t.Setenv("KEYS_STORAGE", storage)
-			if storage == "database" {
-				t.Setenv("ENCRYPTION_KEY", "test-key")
-			}
-
-			err := parseEnvConfig()
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			assert.Equal(t, storage, EnvConfig.KeysStorage)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("should fail with invalid KEYS_STORAGE value", func(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("should fail when INTERNAL_APP_URL contains path", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
 		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
-		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
-		t.Setenv("KEYS_STORAGE", "invalid")
+		t.Setenv("INTERNAL_APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000/path")
 
-		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
 		require.Error(t, err)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "invalid value for KEYS_STORAGE")
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "INTERNAL_APP_URL must not contain a path")
 	})
 
 	t.Run("should parse boolean environment variables correctly", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
 		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
 		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
 		t.Setenv("UI_CONFIG_DISABLED", "true")
@@ -154,35 +119,239 @@ func TestParseEnvConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Setenv("TRACING_ENABLED", "false")
 		t.Setenv("TRUST_PROXY", "true")
 		t.Setenv("ANALYTICS_DISABLED", "false")
+		t.Setenv("ALLOW_INSECURE_CALLBACK_URLS", "false")
+
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, EnvConfig.UiConfigDisabled)
+		assert.Equal(t, TrustProxyConfig{"0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"}, EnvConfig.TrustProxy)
+		assert.False(t, EnvConfig.AnalyticsDisabled)
+		assert.False(t, EnvConfig.AllowInsecureCallbackURLs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should parse trusted proxy IP addresses and CIDR ranges", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("TRUST_PROXY", "10.0.0.0/8, 192.168.1.10, ::1/128")
+
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, TrustProxyConfig{"10.0.0.0/8", "192.168.1.10", "::1/128"}, EnvConfig.TrustProxy)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should disable trusted proxies when set to false", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("TRUST_PROXY", "false")
+
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Nil(t, EnvConfig.TrustProxy)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should allow insecure callback URLs by default", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.True(t, defaultConfig().AllowInsecureCallbackURLs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should default audit log retention days to 90", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
 
 		err := parseEnvConfig()
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.True(t, EnvConfig.UiConfigDisabled)
-		assert.True(t, EnvConfig.MetricsEnabled)
-		assert.False(t, EnvConfig.TracingEnabled)
-		assert.True(t, EnvConfig.TrustProxy)
-		assert.False(t, EnvConfig.AnalyticsDisabled)
+		assert.Equal(t, 90, EnvConfig.AuditLogRetentionDays)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should parse audit log retention days override", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("AUDIT_LOG_RETENTION_DAYS", "365")
+
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, 365, EnvConfig.AuditLogRetentionDays)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when AUDIT_LOG_RETENTION_DAYS is non-positive", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("AUDIT_LOG_RETENTION_DAYS", "0")
+
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "AUDIT_LOG_RETENTION_DAYS must be greater than 0")
 	})
 
 	t.Run("should parse string environment variables correctly", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "postgres")
 		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "postgres://test")
 		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "https://prod.example.com")
-		t.Setenv("APP_ENV", "staging")
+		t.Setenv("APP_ENV", "PRODUCTION")
 		t.Setenv("UPLOAD_PATH", "/custom/uploads")
-		t.Setenv("KEYS_PATH", "/custom/keys")
 		t.Setenv("PORT", "8080")
-		t.Setenv("HOST", "127.0.0.1")
+		t.Setenv("HOST", "LOCALHOST")
 		t.Setenv("UNIX_SOCKET", "/tmp/app.sock")
 		t.Setenv("MAXMIND_LICENSE_KEY", "test-license")
 		t.Setenv("GEOLITE_DB_PATH", "/custom/geolite.mmdb")
+		t.Setenv("ACTORS_PORT", "9999")
+		t.Setenv("ACTORS_HOST", "LOCALHOST")
 
-		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, "staging", EnvConfig.AppEnv)
+		assert.Equal(t, AppEnvProduction, EnvConfig.AppEnv) // lowercased
 		assert.Equal(t, "/custom/uploads", EnvConfig.UploadPath)
 		assert.Equal(t, "8080", EnvConfig.Port)
-		assert.Equal(t, "127.0.0.1", EnvConfig.Host)
+		assert.Equal(t, "localhost", EnvConfig.Host) // lowercased
+		assert.Equal(t, "9999", EnvConfig.ActorsPort)
+		assert.Equal(t, "localhost", EnvConfig.ActorsHost) // lowercased
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should normalize file backend and default upload path", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("FILE_BACKEND", "FILESYSTEM")
+		t.Setenv("UPLOAD_PATH", "")
+
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "filesystem", EnvConfig.FileBackend)
+		assert.Equal(t, defaultFsUploadPath, EnvConfig.UploadPath)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail with invalid FILE_BACKEND value", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("FILE_BACKEND", "invalid")
+
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "invalid FILE_BACKEND value")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when TLS cert is set without key", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("TLS_CERT", "/path/to/cert.pem")
+
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "TLS_KEY_FILE must be set when TLS_CERT_FILE is set")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when TLS key is set without cert", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("TLS_KEY", "/path/to/key.pem")
+
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "TLS_CERT_FILE must be set when TLS_KEY_FILE is set")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when TLS cert file does not exist", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("TLS_CERT", "/nonexistent/cert.pem")
+
+		keyFile := t.TempDir() + "/key.pem"
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(keyFile, []byte("key"), 0600))
+		t.Setenv("TLS_KEY", keyFile)
+
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "TLS_CERT_FILE not found")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when TLS key file does not exist", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+
+		certFile := t.TempDir() + "/cert.pem"
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(certFile, []byte("cert"), 0600))
+		t.Setenv("TLS_CERT", certFile)
+		t.Setenv("TLS_KEY", "/nonexistent/key.pem")
+
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "TLS_KEY_FILE not found")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestPrepareEnvConfig_FileBasedAndToLower(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create temporary directory for test files
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	// Create test files
+	encryptionKeyFile := tempDir + "/encryption_key.txt"
+	encryptionKeyContent := "test-encryption-key-123"
+	err := os.WriteFile(encryptionKeyFile, []byte(encryptionKeyContent), 0600)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	dbConnFile := tempDir + "/db_connection.txt"
+	dbConnContent := "postgres://user:pass@localhost/testdb" // #nosec G101 - test credential
+	err = os.WriteFile(dbConnFile, []byte(dbConnContent), 0600)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	binaryKeyFile := tempDir + "/binary_key.bin"
+	binaryKeyContent := []byte{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04}
+	err = os.WriteFile(binaryKeyFile, binaryKeyContent, 0600)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	t.Run("should process toLower and file options", func(t *testing.T) {
+		config := defaultConfig()
+		config.AppEnv = "STAGING"
+		config.Host = "LOCALHOST"
+
+		t.Setenv("ENCRYPTION_KEY_FILE", encryptionKeyFile)
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING_FILE", dbConnFile)
+
+		err := prepareEnvConfig(&config)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, AppEnv("staging"), config.AppEnv)
+		assert.Equal(t, "localhost", config.Host)
+		assert.Equal(t, []byte(encryptionKeyContent), config.EncryptionKey)
+		assert.Equal(t, dbConnContent, config.DbConnectionString)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should handle binary data correctly", func(t *testing.T) {
+		config := defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("ENCRYPTION_KEY_FILE", binaryKeyFile)
+
+		err := prepareEnvConfig(&config)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, binaryKeyContent, config.EncryptionKey)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should load TLS cert and key file contents", func(t *testing.T) {
+		config := defaultConfig()
+
+		certFile := tempDir + "/cert.pem"
+		certContent := "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\ntest\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----"
+		err := os.WriteFile(certFile, []byte(certContent), 0600)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		keyFile := tempDir + "/key.pem"
+		keyContent := "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\ntest\n-----END PRIVATE KEY-----"
+		err = os.WriteFile(keyFile, []byte(keyContent), 0600)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		t.Setenv("TLS_CERT_FILE", certFile)
+		t.Setenv("TLS_KEY_FILE", keyFile)
+
+		err = prepareEnvConfig(&config)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, certContent, config.TLSCertFile)
+		assert.Equal(t, keyContent, config.TLSKeyFile)
 	})
 }

backend/internal/common/errors.go

@@ -8,354 +8,272 @@ import (
 
 type AppError interface {
 	error
+
 	HttpStatusCode() int
 }
 
+type AppErrorDescription interface {
+	AppError
+
+	Description() string
+}
+
 // Custom error types for various conditions
 
 type AlreadyInUseError struct {
 	Property string
 }
 
-func (e *AlreadyInUseError) Error() string {
+func (e AlreadyInUseError) Error() string {
 	return e.Property + " is already in use"
 }
-func (e *AlreadyInUseError) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }
+func (e AlreadyInUseError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
-func (e *AlreadyInUseError) Is(target error) bool {
+func (e AlreadyInUseError) Is(target error) bool {
 	// Ignore the field property when checking if an error is of the type AlreadyInUseError
 	x := &AlreadyInUseError{}
 	return errors.As(target, &x)
 }
 
-type SetupAlreadyCompletedError struct{}
+type SetupNotAvailableError struct{}
 
-func (e *SetupAlreadyCompletedError) Error() string       { return "setup already completed" }
-func (e *SetupAlreadyCompletedError) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }
+func (e SetupNotAvailableError) Error() string       { return "not found" }
+func (e SetupNotAvailableError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusNotFound }
 
 type TokenInvalidOrExpiredError struct{}
 
-func (e *TokenInvalidOrExpiredError) Error() string       { return "token is invalid or expired" }
-func (e *TokenInvalidOrExpiredError) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }
+func (e TokenInvalidOrExpiredError) Error() string       { return "token is invalid or expired" }
+func (e TokenInvalidOrExpiredError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusUnauthorized }
+
+type DeviceCodeInvalid struct{}
+
+func (e DeviceCodeInvalid) Error() string {
+	return "one time access code must be used on the device it was generated for"
+}
+func (e DeviceCodeInvalid) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusUnauthorized }
 
 type TokenInvalidError struct{}
 
-func (e *TokenInvalidError) Error() string {
-	return "Token is invalid"
-}
-func (e *TokenInvalidError) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }
+func (e TokenInvalidError) Error() string       { return "Token is invalid" }
+func (e TokenInvalidError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusUnauthorized }
 
 type OidcMissingAuthorizationError struct{}
 
-func (e *OidcMissingAuthorizationError) Error() string       { return "missing authorization" }
-func (e *OidcMissingAuthorizationError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
-
-type OidcGrantTypeNotSupportedError struct{}
-
-func (e *OidcGrantTypeNotSupportedError) Error() string       { return "grant type not supported" }
-func (e *OidcGrantTypeNotSupportedError) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }
-
-type OidcMissingClientCredentialsError struct{}
-
-func (e *OidcMissingClientCredentialsError) Error() string       { return "client id or secret not provided" }
-func (e *OidcMissingClientCredentialsError) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }
-
-type OidcClientSecretInvalidError struct{}
-
-func (e *OidcClientSecretInvalidError) Error() string       { return "invalid client secret" }
-func (e *OidcClientSecretInvalidError) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }
-
-type OidcClientAssertionInvalidError struct{}
-
-func (e *OidcClientAssertionInvalidError) Error() string       { return "invalid client assertion" }
-func (e *OidcClientAssertionInvalidError) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }
-
-type OidcInvalidAuthorizationCodeError struct{}
-
-func (e *OidcInvalidAuthorizationCodeError) Error() string       { return "invalid authorization code" }
-func (e *OidcInvalidAuthorizationCodeError) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }
-
-type OidcMissingCallbackURLError struct{}
-
-func (e *OidcMissingCallbackURLError) Error() string {
-	return "unable to detect callback url, it might be necessary for an admin to fix this"
-}
-func (e *OidcMissingCallbackURLError) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }
+func (e OidcMissingAuthorizationError) Error() string       { return "missing authorization" }
+func (e OidcMissingAuthorizationError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
 
 type OidcInvalidCallbackURLError struct{}
 
-func (e *OidcInvalidCallbackURLError) Error() string {
+func (e OidcInvalidCallbackURLError) Error() string {
 	return "invalid callback URL, it might be necessary for an admin to fix this"
 }
-func (e *OidcInvalidCallbackURLError) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }
+func (e OidcInvalidCallbackURLError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
 type FileTypeNotSupportedError struct{}
 
-func (e *FileTypeNotSupportedError) Error() string       { return "file type not supported" }
-func (e *FileTypeNotSupportedError) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }
+func (e FileTypeNotSupportedError) Error() string       { return "file type not supported" }
+func (e FileTypeNotSupportedError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
 type FileTooLargeError struct {
 	MaxSize string
 }
 
-func (e *FileTooLargeError) Error() string {
+func (e FileTooLargeError) Error() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("The file can't be larger than %s", e.MaxSize)
 }
-func (e *FileTooLargeError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusRequestEntityTooLarge }
+func (e FileTooLargeError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusRequestEntityTooLarge }
 
 type NotSignedInError struct{}
 
-func (e *NotSignedInError) Error() string       { return "You are not signed in" }
-func (e *NotSignedInError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusUnauthorized }
-
-type MissingAccessToken struct{}
-
-func (e *MissingAccessToken) Error() string       { return "Missing access token" }
-func (e *MissingAccessToken) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusUnauthorized }
+func (e NotSignedInError) Error() string       { return "You are not signed in" }
+func (e NotSignedInError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusUnauthorized }
 
 type MissingPermissionError struct{}
 
-func (e *MissingPermissionError) Error() string {
+func (e MissingPermissionError) Error() string {
 	return "You don't have permission to perform this action"
 }
-func (e *MissingPermissionError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
+func (e MissingPermissionError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
 
 type TooManyRequestsError struct{}
 
-func (e *TooManyRequestsError) Error() string {
-	return "Too many requests"
-}
-func (e *TooManyRequestsError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusTooManyRequests }
+func (e TooManyRequestsError) Error() string       { return "Too many requests" }
+func (e TooManyRequestsError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusTooManyRequests }
 
-type ClientIdOrSecretNotProvidedError struct{}
+type UserIdNotProvidedError struct{}
 
-func (e *ClientIdOrSecretNotProvidedError) Error() string {
-	return "Client id or secret not provided"
-}
-func (e *ClientIdOrSecretNotProvidedError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
+func (e UserIdNotProvidedError) Error() string       { return "User id not provided" }
+func (e UserIdNotProvidedError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
+
+type UserNotFoundError struct{}
+
+func (e UserNotFoundError) Error() string       { return "User not found" }
+func (e UserNotFoundError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusNotFound }
 
 type WrongFileTypeError struct {
 	ExpectedFileType string
 }
 
-func (e *WrongFileTypeError) Error() string {
+func (e WrongFileTypeError) Error() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("File must be of type %s", e.ExpectedFileType)
 }
-func (e *WrongFileTypeError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
+func (e WrongFileTypeError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
 type MissingSessionIdError struct{}
 
-func (e *MissingSessionIdError) Error() string {
-	return "Missing session id"
-}
-func (e *MissingSessionIdError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
+func (e MissingSessionIdError) Error() string       { return "Missing session id" }
+func (e MissingSessionIdError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
 type ReservedClaimError struct {
 	Key string
 }
 
-func (e *ReservedClaimError) Error() string {
+func (e ReservedClaimError) Error() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("Claim %s is reserved and can't be used", e.Key)
 }
-func (e *ReservedClaimError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
+func (e ReservedClaimError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
 type DuplicateClaimError struct {
 	Key string
 }
 
-func (e *DuplicateClaimError) Error() string {
+func (e DuplicateClaimError) Error() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("Claim %s is already defined", e.Key)
 }
-func (e *DuplicateClaimError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
-
-type OidcInvalidCodeVerifierError struct{}
-
-func (e *OidcInvalidCodeVerifierError) Error() string {
-	return "Invalid code verifier"
-}
-func (e *OidcInvalidCodeVerifierError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
-
-type OidcMissingCodeChallengeError struct{}
-
-func (e *OidcMissingCodeChallengeError) Error() string {
-	return "Missing code challenge"
-}
-func (e *OidcMissingCodeChallengeError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
+func (e DuplicateClaimError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
 type LdapUserUpdateError struct{}
 
-func (e *LdapUserUpdateError) Error() string {
-	return "LDAP users can't be updated"
-}
-func (e *LdapUserUpdateError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
+func (e LdapUserUpdateError) Error() string       { return "LDAP users can't be updated" }
+func (e LdapUserUpdateError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
 
 type LdapUserGroupUpdateError struct{}
 
-func (e *LdapUserGroupUpdateError) Error() string {
-	return "LDAP user groups can't be updated"
-}
-func (e *LdapUserGroupUpdateError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
+func (e LdapUserGroupUpdateError) Error() string       { return "LDAP user groups can't be updated" }
+func (e LdapUserGroupUpdateError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
 
 type OidcAccessDeniedError struct{}
 
-func (e *OidcAccessDeniedError) Error() string {
-	return "You're not allowed to access this service"
-}
-func (e *OidcAccessDeniedError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
+func (e OidcAccessDeniedError) Error() string       { return "You're not allowed to access this service" }
+func (e OidcAccessDeniedError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
 
 type OidcClientIdNotMatchingError struct{}
 
-func (e *OidcClientIdNotMatchingError) Error() string {
+func (e OidcClientIdNotMatchingError) Error() string {
 	return "Client id in request doesn't match client id in token"
 }
-func (e *OidcClientIdNotMatchingError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
-
-type OidcNoCallbackURLError struct{}
-
-func (e *OidcNoCallbackURLError) Error() string {
-	return "No callback URL provided"
-}
-func (e *OidcNoCallbackURLError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
+func (e OidcClientIdNotMatchingError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
 type UiConfigDisabledError struct{}
 
-func (e *UiConfigDisabledError) Error() string {
+func (e UiConfigDisabledError) Error() string {
 	return "The configuration can't be changed since the UI configuration is disabled"
 }
-func (e *UiConfigDisabledError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
+func (e UiConfigDisabledError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
 
 type InvalidUUIDError struct{}
 
-func (e *InvalidUUIDError) Error() string {
-	return "Invalid UUID"
-}
-func (e *InvalidUUIDError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
+func (e InvalidUUIDError) Error() string       { return "Invalid UUID" }
+func (e InvalidUUIDError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
 type OneTimeAccessDisabledError struct{}
 
-func (e *OneTimeAccessDisabledError) Error() string {
-	return "One-time access is disabled"
-}
-func (e *OneTimeAccessDisabledError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
+func (e OneTimeAccessDisabledError) Error() string       { return "One-time access is disabled" }
+func (e OneTimeAccessDisabledError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
 type InvalidAPIKeyError struct{}
 
-func (e *InvalidAPIKeyError) Error() string {
-	return "Invalid Api Key"
-}
-func (e *InvalidAPIKeyError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusUnauthorized }
+func (e InvalidAPIKeyError) Error() string       { return "Invalid Api Key" }
+func (e InvalidAPIKeyError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusUnauthorized }
 
 type NoAPIKeyProvidedError struct{}
 
-func (e *NoAPIKeyProvidedError) Error() string {
-	return "No API Key Provided"
-}
-func (e *NoAPIKeyProvidedError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusUnauthorized }
+func (e NoAPIKeyProvidedError) Error() string       { return "No API Key Provided" }
+func (e NoAPIKeyProvidedError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusUnauthorized }
 
 type APIKeyNotFoundError struct{}
 
-func (e *APIKeyNotFoundError) Error() string {
-	return "API Key Not Found"
-}
-func (e *APIKeyNotFoundError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusUnauthorized }
+func (e APIKeyNotFoundError) Error() string       { return "API Key Not Found" }
+func (e APIKeyNotFoundError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusUnauthorized }
+
+type APIKeyNotExpiredError struct{}
+
+func (e APIKeyNotExpiredError) Error() string       { return "API Key is not expired yet" }
+func (e APIKeyNotExpiredError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
 type APIKeyExpirationDateError struct{}
 
-func (e *APIKeyExpirationDateError) Error() string {
+func (e APIKeyExpirationDateError) Error() string {
 	return "API Key expiration time must be in the future"
 }
-func (e *APIKeyExpirationDateError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
+func (e APIKeyExpirationDateError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
-type OidcInvalidRefreshTokenError struct{}
+type APIKeyAuthNotAllowedError struct{}
 
-func (e *OidcInvalidRefreshTokenError) Error() string {
-	return "refresh token is invalid or expired"
-}
-func (e *OidcInvalidRefreshTokenError) HttpStatusCode() int {
-	return http.StatusBadRequest
-}
-
-type OidcMissingRefreshTokenError struct{}
-
-func (e *OidcMissingRefreshTokenError) Error() string {
-	return "refresh token is required"
-}
-func (e *OidcMissingRefreshTokenError) HttpStatusCode() int {
-	return http.StatusBadRequest
-}
-
-type OidcMissingAuthorizationCodeError struct{}
-
-func (e *OidcMissingAuthorizationCodeError) Error() string {
-	return "authorization code is required"
-}
-func (e *OidcMissingAuthorizationCodeError) HttpStatusCode() int {
-	return http.StatusBadRequest
+func (e APIKeyAuthNotAllowedError) Error() string {
+	return "API key authentication is not allowed for this endpoint"
 }
+func (e APIKeyAuthNotAllowedError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
 
 type UserDisabledError struct{}
 
-func (e *UserDisabledError) Error() string {
-	return "User account is disabled"
-}
-func (e *UserDisabledError) HttpStatusCode() int {
-	return http.StatusForbidden
-}
+func (e UserDisabledError) Error() string       { return "User account is disabled" }
+func (e UserDisabledError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
 
-type ValidationError struct {
-	Message string
-}
+type ValidationError struct{ Message string }
 
-func (e *ValidationError) Error() string {
-	return e.Message
-}
+func (e ValidationError) Error() string { return e.Message }
 
-func (e *ValidationError) HttpStatusCode() int {
-	return http.StatusBadRequest
-}
+func (e ValidationError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
 type OidcDeviceCodeExpiredError struct{}
 
-func (e *OidcDeviceCodeExpiredError) Error() string {
-	return "device code has expired"
-}
-func (e *OidcDeviceCodeExpiredError) HttpStatusCode() int {
-	return http.StatusBadRequest
-}
+func (e OidcDeviceCodeExpiredError) Error() string       { return "device code has expired" }
+func (e OidcDeviceCodeExpiredError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
 type OidcInvalidDeviceCodeError struct{}
 
-func (e *OidcInvalidDeviceCodeError) Error() string {
-	return "invalid device code"
-}
-func (e *OidcInvalidDeviceCodeError) HttpStatusCode() int {
-	return http.StatusBadRequest
-}
+func (e OidcInvalidDeviceCodeError) Error() string       { return "invalid device code" }
+func (e OidcInvalidDeviceCodeError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
-type OidcSlowDownError struct{}
+type ReauthenticationRequiredError struct{}
 
-func (e *OidcSlowDownError) Error() string {
-	return "polling too frequently"
-}
-func (e *OidcSlowDownError) HttpStatusCode() int {
-	return http.StatusTooManyRequests
-}
-
-type OidcAuthorizationPendingError struct{}
-
-func (e *OidcAuthorizationPendingError) Error() string {
-	return "authorization is still pending"
-}
-func (e *OidcAuthorizationPendingError) HttpStatusCode() int {
-	return http.StatusBadRequest
-}
+func (e ReauthenticationRequiredError) Error() string       { return "reauthentication required" }
+func (e ReauthenticationRequiredError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusUnauthorized }
 
 type OpenSignupDisabledError struct{}
 
-func (e *OpenSignupDisabledError) Error() string {
-	return "Open user signup is not enabled"
-}
+func (e OpenSignupDisabledError) Error() string { return "Open user signup is not enabled" }
 
-func (e *OpenSignupDisabledError) HttpStatusCode() int {
-	return http.StatusForbidden
+func (e OpenSignupDisabledError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
+
+type ClientIdAlreadyExistsError struct{}
+
+func (e ClientIdAlreadyExistsError) Error() string { return "Client ID already in use" }
+
+func (e ClientIdAlreadyExistsError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
+
+type UserEmailNotSetError struct{}
+
+func (e UserEmailNotSetError) Error() string { return "The user does not have an email address set" }
+
+func (e UserEmailNotSetError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
+
+type ImageNotFoundError struct{}
+
+func (e ImageNotFoundError) Error() string { return "Image not found" }
+
+func (e ImageNotFoundError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusNotFound }
+
+type OidcPARRequiredError struct{}
+
+func (e OidcPARRequiredError) Error() string {
+	return "this client requires pushed authorization requests"
 }
+func (e OidcPARRequiredError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
+
+type InvalidEmailVerificationTokenError struct{}
+
+func (e InvalidEmailVerificationTokenError) Error() string { return "Invalid email verification token" }
+
+func (e InvalidEmailVerificationTokenError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }

backend/internal/common/internal_errors.go

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package common
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+)
+
+// ErrUnsupportedActorMethod is returned by custom actors when the invoked method isn't supported
+type ErrUnsupportedActorMethod struct {
+	Method string
+}
+
+func (e ErrUnsupportedActorMethod) Error() string {
+	return "method '" + e.Method + "' unsupported for actor invocation"
+}
+
+func (e ErrUnsupportedActorMethod) Is(target error) bool {
+	// Ignore the field method when checking if an error is of the type ErrUnsupportedActorMethod
+	_, ok := errors.AsType[ErrUnsupportedActorMethod](target)
+	return ok
+}

backend/internal/common/reserved.go

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package common
+
+// StaticApiKeyUserID is the fixed ID of the synthetic admin user that the static API key authenticates as
+// It is excluded from real-user counts such as the initial-admin-setup check
+const StaticApiKeyUserID = "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"

backend/internal/common/version.go

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 package common
 
+// Name is the name of the application
+const Name = "pocket-id"
+
 // Version contains the Pocket ID version.
 //
 // It can be set at build time using -ldflags.

backend/internal/controller/api_key_controller.go

@@ -1,125 +0,0 @@
-package controller
-
-import (
-	"net/http"
-
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
-
-	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/dto"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/middleware"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
-)
-
-// swag init -g cmd/main.go -o ./docs/swagger --parseDependency
-
-// ApiKeyController manages API keys for authenticated users
-type ApiKeyController struct {
-	apiKeyService *service.ApiKeyService
-}
-
-// NewApiKeyController creates a new controller for API key management
-// @Summary API key management controller
-// @Description Initializes API endpoints for managing API keys
-// @Tags API Keys
-func NewApiKeyController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMiddleware, apiKeyService *service.ApiKeyService) {
-	uc := &ApiKeyController{apiKeyService: apiKeyService}
-
-	apiKeyGroup := group.Group("/api-keys")
-	apiKeyGroup.Use(authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add())
-	{
-		apiKeyGroup.GET("", uc.listApiKeysHandler)
-		apiKeyGroup.POST("", uc.createApiKeyHandler)
-		apiKeyGroup.DELETE("/:id", uc.revokeApiKeyHandler)
-	}
-}
-
-// listApiKeysHandler godoc
-// @Summary List API keys
-// @Description Get a paginated list of API keys belonging to the current user
-// @Tags API Keys
-// @Param pagination[page] query int false "Page number for pagination" default(1)
-// @Param pagination[limit] query int false "Number of items per page" default(20)
-// @Param sort[column] query string false "Column to sort by"
-// @Param sort[direction] query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
-// @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.ApiKeyDto]
-// @Router /api/api-keys [get]
-func (c *ApiKeyController) listApiKeysHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
-	userID := ctx.GetString("userID")
-
-	var sortedPaginationRequest utils.SortedPaginationRequest
-	if err := ctx.ShouldBindQuery(&sortedPaginationRequest); err != nil {
-		_ = ctx.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	apiKeys, pagination, err := c.apiKeyService.ListApiKeys(ctx.Request.Context(), userID, sortedPaginationRequest)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = ctx.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	var apiKeysDto []dto.ApiKeyDto
-	if err := dto.MapStructList(apiKeys, &apiKeysDto); err != nil {
-		_ = ctx.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	ctx.JSON(http.StatusOK, dto.Paginated[dto.ApiKeyDto]{
-		Data:       apiKeysDto,
-		Pagination: pagination,
-	})
-}
-
-// createApiKeyHandler godoc
-// @Summary Create API key
-// @Description Create a new API key for the current user
-// @Tags API Keys
-// @Param api_key body dto.ApiKeyCreateDto true "API key information"
-// @Success 201 {object} dto.ApiKeyResponseDto "Created API key with token"
-// @Router /api/api-keys [post]
-func (c *ApiKeyController) createApiKeyHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
-	userID := ctx.GetString("userID")
-
-	var input dto.ApiKeyCreateDto
-	if err := dto.ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(ctx, &input); err != nil {
-		_ = ctx.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	apiKey, token, err := c.apiKeyService.CreateApiKey(ctx.Request.Context(), userID, input)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = ctx.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	var apiKeyDto dto.ApiKeyDto
-	if err := dto.MapStruct(apiKey, &apiKeyDto); err != nil {
-		_ = ctx.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	ctx.JSON(http.StatusCreated, dto.ApiKeyResponseDto{
-		ApiKey: apiKeyDto,
-		Token:  token,
-	})
-}
-
-// revokeApiKeyHandler godoc
-// @Summary Revoke API key
-// @Description Revoke (delete) an existing API key by ID
-// @Tags API Keys
-// @Param id path string true "API Key ID"
-// @Success 204 "No Content"
-// @Router /api/api-keys/{id} [delete]
-func (c *ApiKeyController) revokeApiKeyHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
-	userID := ctx.GetString("userID")
-	apiKeyID := ctx.Param("id")
-
-	if err := c.apiKeyService.RevokeApiKey(ctx.Request.Context(), userID, apiKeyID); err != nil {
-		_ = ctx.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
-}

backend/internal/controller/app_config_controller.go

@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@ package controller
 import (
 	"net/http"
 	"strconv"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/appconfig"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/dto"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/middleware"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/tracing"
 )
 
 // NewAppConfigController creates a new controller for application configuration endpoints
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import (
 func NewAppConfigController(
 	group *gin.RouterGroup,
 	authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMiddleware,
-	appConfigService *service.AppConfigService,
+	appConfigService *appconfig.AppConfigService,
 	emailService *service.EmailService,
 	ldapService *service.LdapService,
 ) {
@@ -34,19 +34,12 @@ func NewAppConfigController(
 	group.GET("/application-configuration/all", authMiddleware.Add(), acc.listAllAppConfigHandler)
 	group.PUT("/application-configuration", authMiddleware.Add(), acc.updateAppConfigHandler)
 
-	group.GET("/application-configuration/logo", acc.getLogoHandler)
-	group.GET("/application-configuration/background-image", acc.getBackgroundImageHandler)
-	group.GET("/application-configuration/favicon", acc.getFaviconHandler)
-	group.PUT("/application-configuration/logo", authMiddleware.Add(), acc.updateLogoHandler)
-	group.PUT("/application-configuration/favicon", authMiddleware.Add(), acc.updateFaviconHandler)
-	group.PUT("/application-configuration/background-image", authMiddleware.Add(), acc.updateBackgroundImageHandler)
-
 	group.POST("/application-configuration/test-email", authMiddleware.Add(), acc.testEmailHandler)
 	group.POST("/application-configuration/sync-ldap", authMiddleware.Add(), acc.syncLdapHandler)
 }
 
 type AppConfigController struct {
-	appConfigService *service.AppConfigService
+	appConfigService *appconfig.AppConfigService
 	emailService     *service.EmailService
 	ldapService      *service.LdapService
 }
@@ -58,7 +51,7 @@ type AppConfigController struct {
 // @Accept json
 // @Produce json
 // @Success 200 {array} dto.PublicAppConfigVariableDto
-// @Router /application-configuration [get]
+// @Router /api/application-configuration [get]
 func (acc *AppConfigController) listAppConfigHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	configuration := acc.appConfigService.ListAppConfig(false)
 
@@ -75,6 +68,13 @@ func (acc *AppConfigController) listAppConfigHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		Type:  "boolean",
 	})
 
+	// Manually add tracingEnabled, derived from the OTel environment, so the frontend only exports traces when the backend can forward them to a collector
+	configVariablesDto = append(configVariablesDto, dto.PublicAppConfigVariableDto{
+		Key:   "tracingEnabled",
+		Value: strconv.FormatBool(tracing.FrontendTracingEnabled()),
+		Type:  "boolean",
+	})
+
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, configVariablesDto)
 }
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ func (acc *AppConfigController) listAppConfigHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Accept json
 // @Produce json
 // @Success 200 {array} dto.AppConfigVariableDto
-// @Router /application-configuration/all [get]
+// @Router /api/application-configuration/all [get]
 func (acc *AppConfigController) listAllAppConfigHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	configuration := acc.appConfigService.ListAppConfig(true)
 
@@ -129,147 +129,6 @@ func (acc *AppConfigController) updateAppConfigHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, configVariablesDto)
 }
 
-// getLogoHandler godoc
-// @Summary Get logo image
-// @Description Get the logo image for the application
-// @Tags Application Configuration
-// @Param light query boolean false "Light mode logo (true) or dark mode logo (false)"
-// @Produce image/png
-// @Produce image/jpeg
-// @Produce image/svg+xml
-// @Success 200 {file} binary "Logo image"
-// @Router /api/application-configuration/logo [get]
-func (acc *AppConfigController) getLogoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	dbConfig := acc.appConfigService.GetDbConfig()
-
-	lightLogo, _ := strconv.ParseBool(c.DefaultQuery("light", "true"))
-
-	var imageName, imageType string
-	if lightLogo {
-		imageName = "logoLight"
-		imageType = dbConfig.LogoLightImageType.Value
-	} else {
-		imageName = "logoDark"
-		imageType = dbConfig.LogoDarkImageType.Value
-	}
-
-	acc.getImage(c, imageName, imageType)
-}
-
-// getFaviconHandler godoc
-// @Summary Get favicon
-// @Description Get the favicon for the application
-// @Tags Application Configuration
-// @Produce image/x-icon
-// @Success 200 {file} binary "Favicon image"
-// @Router /api/application-configuration/favicon [get]
-func (acc *AppConfigController) getFaviconHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	acc.getImage(c, "favicon", "ico")
-}
-
-// getBackgroundImageHandler godoc
-// @Summary Get background image
-// @Description Get the background image for the application
-// @Tags Application Configuration
-// @Produce image/png
-// @Produce image/jpeg
-// @Success 200 {file} binary "Background image"
-// @Router /api/application-configuration/background-image [get]
-func (acc *AppConfigController) getBackgroundImageHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	imageType := acc.appConfigService.GetDbConfig().BackgroundImageType.Value
-	acc.getImage(c, "background", imageType)
-}
-
-// updateLogoHandler godoc
-// @Summary Update logo
-// @Description Update the application logo
-// @Tags Application Configuration
-// @Accept multipart/form-data
-// @Param light query boolean false "Light mode logo (true) or dark mode logo (false)"
-// @Param file formData file true "Logo image file"
-// @Success 204 "No Content"
-// @Router /api/application-configuration/logo [put]
-func (acc *AppConfigController) updateLogoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	dbConfig := acc.appConfigService.GetDbConfig()
-
-	lightLogo, _ := strconv.ParseBool(c.DefaultQuery("light", "true"))
-
-	var imageName, imageType string
-	if lightLogo {
-		imageName = "logoLight"
-		imageType = dbConfig.LogoLightImageType.Value
-	} else {
-		imageName = "logoDark"
-		imageType = dbConfig.LogoDarkImageType.Value
-	}
-
-	acc.updateImage(c, imageName, imageType)
-}
-
-// updateFaviconHandler godoc
-// @Summary Update favicon
-// @Description Update the application favicon
-// @Tags Application Configuration
-// @Accept multipart/form-data
-// @Param file formData file true "Favicon file (.ico)"
-// @Success 204 "No Content"
-// @Router /api/application-configuration/favicon [put]
-func (acc *AppConfigController) updateFaviconHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	file, err := c.FormFile("file")
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	fileType := utils.GetFileExtension(file.Filename)
-	if fileType != "ico" {
-		_ = c.Error(&common.WrongFileTypeError{ExpectedFileType: ".ico"})
-		return
-	}
-	acc.updateImage(c, "favicon", "ico")
-}
-
-// updateBackgroundImageHandler godoc
-// @Summary Update background image
-// @Description Update the application background image
-// @Tags Application Configuration
-// @Accept multipart/form-data
-// @Param file formData file true "Background image file"
-// @Success 204 "No Content"
-// @Router /api/application-configuration/background-image [put]
-func (acc *AppConfigController) updateBackgroundImageHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	imageType := acc.appConfigService.GetDbConfig().BackgroundImageType.Value
-	acc.updateImage(c, "background", imageType)
-}
-
-// getImage is a helper function to serve image files
-func (acc *AppConfigController) getImage(c *gin.Context, name string, imageType string) {
-	imagePath := common.EnvConfig.UploadPath + "/application-images/" + name + "." + imageType
-	mimeType := utils.GetImageMimeType(imageType)
-
-	c.Header("Content-Type", mimeType)
-
-	utils.SetCacheControlHeader(c, 15*time.Minute, 24*time.Hour)
-	c.File(imagePath)
-}
-
-// updateImage is a helper function to update image files
-func (acc *AppConfigController) updateImage(c *gin.Context, imageName string, oldImageType string) {
-	file, err := c.FormFile("file")
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	err = acc.appConfigService.UpdateImage(c.Request.Context(), file, imageName, oldImageType)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
-}
-
 // syncLdapHandler godoc
 // @Summary Synchronize LDAP
 // @Description Manually trigger LDAP synchronization

backend/internal/controller/app_images_controller.go

@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+package controller
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+)
+
+func NewAppImagesController(
+	group *gin.RouterGroup,
+	authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMiddleware,
+	appImagesService *service.AppImagesService,
+) {
+	controller := &AppImagesController{
+		appImagesService: appImagesService,
+	}
+
+	group.GET("/application-images/logo", controller.getLogoHandler)
+	group.GET("/application-images/email", controller.getEmailLogoHandler)
+	group.GET("/application-images/background", controller.getBackgroundImageHandler)
+	group.GET("/application-images/favicon", controller.getFaviconHandler)
+	group.GET("/application-images/default-profile-picture", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.getDefaultProfilePicture)
+
+	group.PUT("/application-images/logo", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.updateLogoHandler)
+	group.PUT("/application-images/email", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.updateEmailLogoHandler)
+	group.PUT("/application-images/background", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.updateBackgroundImageHandler)
+	group.PUT("/application-images/favicon", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.updateFaviconHandler)
+	group.PUT("/application-images/default-profile-picture", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.updateDefaultProfilePicture)
+
+	group.DELETE("/application-images/background", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.deleteBackgroundImageHandler)
+	group.DELETE("/application-images/default-profile-picture", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.deleteDefaultProfilePicture)
+}
+
+type AppImagesController struct {
+	appImagesService *service.AppImagesService
+}
+
+// getLogoHandler godoc
+// @Summary Get logo image
+// @Description Get the logo image for the application
+// @Tags Application Images
+// @Param light query boolean false "Light mode logo (true) or dark mode logo (false)"
+// @Produce image/png
+// @Produce image/jpeg
+// @Produce image/svg+xml
+// @Success 200 {file} binary "Logo image"
+// @Router /api/application-images/logo [get]
+func (c *AppImagesController) getLogoHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	lightLogo, _ := strconv.ParseBool(ctx.DefaultQuery("light", "true"))
+	imageName := "logoLight"
+	if !lightLogo {
+		imageName = "logoDark"
+	}
+
+	c.getImage(ctx, imageName)
+}
+
+// getEmailLogoHandler godoc
+// @Summary Get email logo image
+// @Description Get the email logo image for use in emails
+// @Tags Application Images
+// @Produce image/png
+// @Produce image/jpeg
+// @Success 200 {file} binary "Email logo image"
+// @Router /api/application-images/email [get]
+func (c *AppImagesController) getEmailLogoHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	c.getImage(ctx, "logoEmail")
+}
+
+// getBackgroundImageHandler godoc
+// @Summary Get background image
+// @Description Get the background image for the application
+// @Tags Application Images
+// @Produce image/png
+// @Produce image/jpeg
+// @Success 200 {file} binary "Background image"
+// @Router /api/application-images/background [get]
+func (c *AppImagesController) getBackgroundImageHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	c.getImage(ctx, "background")
+}
+
+// getFaviconHandler godoc
+// @Summary Get favicon
+// @Description Get the favicon for the application
+// @Tags Application Images
+// @Produce image/x-icon
+// @Success 200 {file} binary "Favicon image"
+// @Router /api/application-images/favicon [get]
+func (c *AppImagesController) getFaviconHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	c.getImage(ctx, "favicon")
+}
+
+// getDefaultProfilePicture godoc
+// @Summary Get default profile picture image
+// @Description Get the default profile picture image for the application
+// @Tags Application Images
+// @Produce image/png
+// @Produce image/jpeg
+// @Success 200 {file} binary "Default profile picture image"
+// @Router /api/application-images/default-profile-picture [get]
+func (c *AppImagesController) getDefaultProfilePicture(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	c.getImage(ctx, "default-profile-picture")
+}
+
+// updateLogoHandler godoc
+// @Summary Update logo
+// @Description Update the application logo
+// @Tags Application Images
+// @Accept multipart/form-data
+// @Param light query boolean false "Light mode logo (true) or dark mode logo (false)"
+// @Param file formData file true "Logo image file"
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/application-images/logo [put]
+func (c *AppImagesController) updateLogoHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	file, err := ctx.FormFile("file")
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	lightLogo, _ := strconv.ParseBool(ctx.DefaultQuery("light", "true"))
+	imageName := "logoLight"
+	if !lightLogo {
+		imageName = "logoDark"
+	}
+
+	if err := c.appImagesService.UpdateImage(ctx.Request.Context(), file, imageName); err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// updateEmailLogoHandler godoc
+// @Summary Update email logo
+// @Description Update the email logo for use in emails
+// @Tags Application Images
+// @Accept multipart/form-data
+// @Param file formData file true "Email logo image file"
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/application-images/email [put]
+func (c *AppImagesController) updateEmailLogoHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	file, err := ctx.FormFile("file")
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	fileType := utils.GetFileExtension(file.Filename)
+	mimeType := utils.GetImageMimeType(fileType)
+
+	if mimeType != "image/png" && mimeType != "image/jpeg" {
+		_ = ctx.Error(&common.WrongFileTypeError{ExpectedFileType: ".png or .jpg/jpeg"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := c.appImagesService.UpdateImage(ctx.Request.Context(), file, "logoEmail"); err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// updateBackgroundImageHandler godoc
+// @Summary Update background image
+// @Description Update the application background image
+// @Tags Application Images
+// @Accept multipart/form-data
+// @Param file formData file true "Background image file"
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/application-images/background [put]
+func (c *AppImagesController) updateBackgroundImageHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	file, err := ctx.FormFile("file")
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := c.appImagesService.UpdateImage(ctx.Request.Context(), file, "background"); err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// deleteBackgroundImageHandler godoc
+// @Summary Delete background image
+// @Description Delete the application background image
+// @Tags Application Images
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/application-images/background [delete]
+func (c *AppImagesController) deleteBackgroundImageHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	if err := c.appImagesService.DeleteImage(ctx.Request.Context(), "background"); err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// updateFaviconHandler godoc
+// @Summary Update favicon
+// @Description Update the application favicon
+// @Tags Application Images
+// @Accept multipart/form-data
+// @Param file formData file true "Favicon file (.svg/.png/.ico)"
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/application-images/favicon [put]
+func (c *AppImagesController) updateFaviconHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	file, err := ctx.FormFile("file")
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	fileType := utils.GetFileExtension(file.Filename)
+	mimeType := utils.GetImageMimeType(strings.ToLower(fileType))
+	if !slices.Contains([]string{"image/svg+xml", "image/png", "image/x-icon"}, mimeType) {
+		_ = ctx.Error(&common.WrongFileTypeError{ExpectedFileType: ".svg or .png or .ico"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := c.appImagesService.UpdateImage(ctx.Request.Context(), file, "favicon"); err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+func (c *AppImagesController) getImage(ctx *gin.Context, name string) {
+	reader, size, mimeType, err := c.appImagesService.GetImage(ctx.Request.Context(), name)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer reader.Close()
+
+	ctx.Header("Content-Type", mimeType)
+	utils.SetCacheControlHeader(ctx, 15*time.Minute, 24*time.Hour)
+	ctx.DataFromReader(http.StatusOK, size, mimeType, reader, nil)
+}
+
+// updateDefaultProfilePicture godoc
+// @Summary Update default profile picture image
+// @Description Update the default profile picture image
+// @Tags Application Images
+// @Accept multipart/form-data
+// @Param file formData file true "Profile picture image file"
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/application-images/default-profile-picture [put]
+func (c *AppImagesController) updateDefaultProfilePicture(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	file, err := ctx.FormFile("file")
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := c.appImagesService.UpdateImage(ctx.Request.Context(), file, "default-profile-picture"); err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// deleteDefaultProfilePicture godoc
+// @Summary Delete default profile picture image
+// @Description Delete the default profile picture image
+// @Tags Application Images
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/application-images/default-profile-picture [delete]
+func (c *AppImagesController) deleteDefaultProfilePicture(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	if err := c.appImagesService.DeleteImage(ctx.Request.Context(), "default-profile-picture"); err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}

backend/internal/controller/audit_log_controller.go

@@ -41,18 +41,12 @@ type AuditLogController struct {
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.AuditLogDto]
 // @Router /api/audit-logs [get]
 func (alc *AuditLogController) listAuditLogsForUserHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	var sortedPaginationRequest utils.SortedPaginationRequest
-
-	err := c.ShouldBindQuery(&sortedPaginationRequest)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
+	listRequestOptions := utils.ParseListRequestOptions(c)
 
 	userID := c.GetString("userID")
 
 	// Fetch audit logs for the user
-	logs, pagination, err := alc.auditLogService.ListAuditLogsForUser(c.Request.Context(), userID, sortedPaginationRequest)
+	logs, pagination, err := alc.auditLogService.ListAuditLogsForUser(c.Request.Context(), userID, listRequestOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -69,6 +63,7 @@ func (alc *AuditLogController) listAuditLogsForUserHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	// Add device information to the logs
 	for i, logsDto := range logsDtos {
 		logsDto.Device = alc.auditLogService.DeviceStringFromUserAgent(logs[i].UserAgent)
+		logsDto.ActorUsername = logsDto.Data["actorUsername"]
 		logsDtos[i] = logsDto
 	}
 
@@ -86,26 +81,12 @@ func (alc *AuditLogController) listAuditLogsForUserHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Param pagination[limit] query int false "Number of items per page" default(20)
 // @Param sort[column] query string false "Column to sort by"
 // @Param sort[direction] query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
-// @Param filters[userId] query string false "Filter by user ID"
-// @Param filters[event] query string false "Filter by event type"
-// @Param filters[clientName] query string false "Filter by client name"
-// @Param filters[location] query string false "Filter by location type (external or internal)"
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.AuditLogDto]
 // @Router /api/audit-logs/all [get]
 func (alc *AuditLogController) listAllAuditLogsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	var sortedPaginationRequest utils.SortedPaginationRequest
-	if err := c.ShouldBindQuery(&sortedPaginationRequest); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
+	listRequestOptions := utils.ParseListRequestOptions(c)
 
-	var filters dto.AuditLogFilterDto
-	if err := c.ShouldBindQuery(&filters); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	logs, pagination, err := alc.auditLogService.ListAllAuditLogs(c.Request.Context(), sortedPaginationRequest, filters)
+	logs, pagination, err := alc.auditLogService.ListAllAuditLogs(c.Request.Context(), listRequestOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -121,6 +102,7 @@ func (alc *AuditLogController) listAllAuditLogsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	for i, logsDto := range logsDtos {
 		logsDto.Device = alc.auditLogService.DeviceStringFromUserAgent(logs[i].UserAgent)
 		logsDto.Username = logs[i].User.Username
+		logsDto.ActorUsername = logsDto.Data["actorUsername"]
 		logsDtos[i] = logsDto
 	}
 

backend/internal/controller/e2etest_controller.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ func NewTestController(group *gin.RouterGroup, testService *service.TestService)
 	testController := &TestController{TestService: testService}
 
 	group.POST("/test/reset", testController.resetAndSeedHandler)
+	group.POST("/test/accesstoken", testController.signAccessToken)
 	group.POST("/test/refreshtoken", testController.signRefreshToken)
 
 	group.GET("/externalidp/jwks.json", testController.externalIdPJWKS)
@@ -40,7 +41,12 @@ func (tc *TestController) resetAndSeedHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if err := tc.TestService.ResetApplicationImages(); err != nil {
+	if err := tc.TestService.ResetLock(c.Request.Context()); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := tc.TestService.ResetApplicationImages(c.Request.Context()); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
@@ -69,8 +75,6 @@ func (tc *TestController) resetAndSeedHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	tc.TestService.SetJWTKeys()
-
 	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
 }
 
@@ -105,6 +109,27 @@ func (tc *TestController) externalIdPSignToken(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.Writer.WriteString(token)
 }
 
+func (tc *TestController) signAccessToken(c *gin.Context) {
+	var input struct {
+		UserID   string `json:"user"`
+		ClientID string `json:"client"`
+		Expired  bool   `json:"expired"`
+	}
+	err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	token, err := tc.TestService.SignAccessToken(c.Request.Context(), input.UserID, input.ClientID, input.Expired)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Writer.WriteString(token)
+}
+
 func (tc *TestController) signRefreshToken(c *gin.Context) {
 	var input struct {
 		UserID       string `json:"user"`
@@ -117,7 +142,7 @@ func (tc *TestController) signRefreshToken(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	token, err := tc.TestService.SignRefreshToken(input.UserID, input.ClientID, input.RefreshToken)
+	token, err := tc.TestService.SignRefreshToken(c.Request.Context(), input.UserID, input.ClientID, input.RefreshToken)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return

backend/internal/controller/oidc_controller.go

@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 package controller
 
 import (
-	"errors"
-	"log"
 	"net/http"
-	"net/url"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
@@ -15,25 +13,16 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/middleware"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/cookie"
 )
 
 // NewOidcController creates a new controller for OIDC related endpoints
 // @Summary OIDC controller
 // @Description Initializes all OIDC-related API endpoints for authentication and client management
 // @Tags OIDC
-func NewOidcController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMiddleware, fileSizeLimitMiddleware *middleware.FileSizeLimitMiddleware, oidcService *service.OidcService, jwtService *service.JwtService) {
-	oc := &OidcController{oidcService: oidcService, jwtService: jwtService}
-
-	group.POST("/oidc/authorize", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), oc.authorizeHandler)
-	group.POST("/oidc/authorization-required", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), oc.authorizationConfirmationRequiredHandler)
-
-	group.POST("/oidc/token", oc.createTokensHandler)
-	group.GET("/oidc/userinfo", oc.userInfoHandler)
-	group.POST("/oidc/userinfo", oc.userInfoHandler)
-	group.POST("/oidc/end-session", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().WithSuccessOptional().Add(), oc.EndSessionHandler)
-	group.GET("/oidc/end-session", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().WithSuccessOptional().Add(), oc.EndSessionHandler)
-	group.POST("/oidc/introspect", oc.introspectTokenHandler)
+func NewOidcController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMiddleware, fileSizeLimitMiddleware *middleware.FileSizeLimitMiddleware, oidcService *service.OidcService) {
+	oc := &OidcController{
+		oidcService: oidcService,
+	}
 
 	group.GET("/oidc/clients", authMiddleware.Add(), oc.listClientsHandler)
 	group.POST("/oidc/clients", authMiddleware.Add(), oc.createClientHandler)
@@ -46,291 +35,24 @@ func NewOidcController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMi
 	group.POST("/oidc/clients/:id/secret", authMiddleware.Add(), oc.createClientSecretHandler)
 
 	group.GET("/oidc/clients/:id/logo", oc.getClientLogoHandler)
-	group.DELETE("/oidc/clients/:id/logo", oc.deleteClientLogoHandler)
+	group.DELETE("/oidc/clients/:id/logo", authMiddleware.Add(), oc.deleteClientLogoHandler)
 	group.POST("/oidc/clients/:id/logo", authMiddleware.Add(), fileSizeLimitMiddleware.Add(2<<20), oc.updateClientLogoHandler)
 
 	group.GET("/oidc/clients/:id/preview/:userId", authMiddleware.Add(), oc.getClientPreviewHandler)
 
-	group.POST("/oidc/device/authorize", oc.deviceAuthorizationHandler)
-	group.POST("/oidc/device/verify", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), oc.verifyDeviceCodeHandler)
-	group.GET("/oidc/device/info", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), oc.getDeviceCodeInfoHandler)
+	group.GET("/oidc/users/me/authorized-clients", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), oc.listOwnAuthorizedClientsHandler)
+	group.GET("/oidc/users/:id/authorized-clients", authMiddleware.Add(), oc.listAuthorizedClientsHandler)
+
+	group.DELETE("/oidc/users/me/authorized-clients/:clientId", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), oc.revokeOwnClientAuthorizationHandler)
+
+	group.GET("/oidc/users/me/clients", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), oc.listOwnAccessibleClientsHandler)
+
+	group.GET("/oidc/clients/:id/scim-service-provider", authMiddleware.Add(), oc.getClientScimServiceProviderHandler)
 
-	group.GET("/oidc/users/me/clients", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), oc.listOwnAuthorizedClientsHandler)
-	group.GET("/oidc/users/:id/clients", authMiddleware.Add(), oc.listAuthorizedClientsHandler)
 }
 
 type OidcController struct {
 	oidcService *service.OidcService
-	jwtService  *service.JwtService
-}
-
-// authorizeHandler godoc
-// @Summary Authorize OIDC client
-// @Description Start the OIDC authorization process for a client
-// @Tags OIDC
-// @Accept json
-// @Produce json
-// @Param request body dto.AuthorizeOidcClientRequestDto true "Authorization request parameters"
-// @Success 200 {object} dto.AuthorizeOidcClientResponseDto "Authorization code and callback URL"
-// @Router /api/oidc/authorize [post]
-func (oc *OidcController) authorizeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	var input dto.AuthorizeOidcClientRequestDto
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	code, callbackURL, err := oc.oidcService.Authorize(c.Request.Context(), input, c.GetString("userID"), c.ClientIP(), c.Request.UserAgent())
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	response := dto.AuthorizeOidcClientResponseDto{
-		Code:        code,
-		CallbackURL: callbackURL,
-		Issuer:      common.EnvConfig.AppURL,
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, response)
-}
-
-// authorizationConfirmationRequiredHandler godoc
-// @Summary Check if authorization confirmation is required
-// @Description Check if the user needs to confirm authorization for the client
-// @Tags OIDC
-// @Accept json
-// @Produce json
-// @Param request body dto.AuthorizationRequiredDto true "Authorization check parameters"
-// @Success 200 {object} object "{ \"authorizationRequired\": true/false }"
-// @Router /api/oidc/authorization-required [post]
-func (oc *OidcController) authorizationConfirmationRequiredHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	var input dto.AuthorizationRequiredDto
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	hasAuthorizedClient, err := oc.oidcService.HasAuthorizedClient(c.Request.Context(), input.ClientID, c.GetString("userID"), input.Scope)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"authorizationRequired": !hasAuthorizedClient})
-}
-
-// createTokensHandler godoc
-// @Summary Create OIDC tokens
-// @Description Exchange authorization code or refresh token for access tokens
-// @Tags OIDC
-// @Produce json
-// @Param client_id formData string false "Client ID (if not using Basic Auth)"
-// @Param client_secret formData string false "Client secret (if not using Basic Auth or client assertions)"
-// @Param code formData string false "Authorization code (required for 'authorization_code' grant)"
-// @Param grant_type formData string true "Grant type ('authorization_code' or 'refresh_token')"
-// @Param code_verifier formData string false "PKCE code verifier (for authorization_code with PKCE)"
-// @Param refresh_token formData string false "Refresh token (required for 'refresh_token' grant)"
-// @Param client_assertion formData string false "Client assertion type (for 'authorization_code' grant when using client assertions)"
-// @Param client_assertion_type formData string false "Client assertion type (for 'authorization_code' grant when using client assertions)"
-// @Success 200 {object} dto.OidcTokenResponseDto "Token response with access_token and optional id_token and refresh_token"
-// @Router /api/oidc/token [post]
-func (oc *OidcController) createTokensHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	var input dto.OidcCreateTokensDto
-	if err := c.ShouldBind(&input); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Validate that code is provided for authorization_code grant type
-	if input.GrantType == service.GrantTypeAuthorizationCode && input.Code == "" {
-		_ = c.Error(&common.OidcMissingAuthorizationCodeError{})
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Validate that refresh_token is provided for refresh_token grant type
-	if input.GrantType == service.GrantTypeRefreshToken && input.RefreshToken == "" {
-		_ = c.Error(&common.OidcMissingRefreshTokenError{})
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Client id and secret can also be passed over the Authorization header
-	if input.ClientID == "" && input.ClientSecret == "" {
-		input.ClientID, input.ClientSecret, _ = c.Request.BasicAuth()
-	}
-
-	tokens, err := oc.oidcService.CreateTokens(c.Request.Context(), input)
-
-	switch {
-	case errors.Is(err, &common.OidcAuthorizationPendingError{}):
-		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
-			"error": "authorization_pending",
-		})
-		return
-	case errors.Is(err, &common.OidcSlowDownError{}):
-		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
-			"error": "slow_down",
-		})
-		return
-	case err != nil:
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, dto.OidcTokenResponseDto{
-		AccessToken:  tokens.AccessToken,
-		TokenType:    "Bearer",
-		ExpiresIn:    int(tokens.ExpiresIn.Seconds()),
-		IdToken:      tokens.IdToken,      // May be empty
-		RefreshToken: tokens.RefreshToken, // May be empty
-	})
-}
-
-// userInfoHandler godoc
-// @Summary Get user information
-// @Description Get user information based on the access token
-// @Tags OIDC
-// @Accept json
-// @Produce json
-// @Success 200 {object} object "User claims based on requested scopes"
-// @Security OAuth2AccessToken
-// @Router /api/oidc/userinfo [get]
-func (oc *OidcController) userInfoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	_, authToken, ok := strings.Cut(c.GetHeader("Authorization"), " ")
-	if !ok || authToken == "" {
-		_ = c.Error(&common.MissingAccessToken{})
-		return
-	}
-
-	token, err := oc.jwtService.VerifyOAuthAccessToken(authToken)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-	userID, ok := token.Subject()
-	if !ok {
-		_ = c.Error(&common.TokenInvalidError{})
-		return
-	}
-	clientID, ok := token.Audience()
-	if !ok || len(clientID) != 1 {
-		_ = c.Error(&common.TokenInvalidError{})
-		return
-	}
-	claims, err := oc.oidcService.GetUserClaimsForClient(c.Request.Context(), userID, clientID[0])
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, claims)
-}
-
-// EndSessionHandler godoc
-// @Summary End OIDC session
-// @Description End user session and handle OIDC logout
-// @Tags OIDC
-// @Accept application/x-www-form-urlencoded
-// @Param id_token_hint query string false "ID token"
-// @Param post_logout_redirect_uri query string false "URL to redirect to after logout"
-// @Param state query string false "State parameter to include in the redirect"
-// @Success 302 "Redirect to post-logout URL or application logout page"
-// @Router /api/oidc/end-session [get]
-func (oc *OidcController) EndSessionHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	var input dto.OidcLogoutDto
-
-	// Bind query parameters to the struct
-	switch c.Request.Method {
-	case http.MethodGet:
-		if err := c.ShouldBindQuery(&input); err != nil {
-			_ = c.Error(err)
-			return
-		}
-	case http.MethodPost:
-		// Bind form parameters to the struct
-		if err := c.ShouldBind(&input); err != nil {
-			_ = c.Error(err)
-			return
-		}
-	}
-
-	callbackURL, err := oc.oidcService.ValidateEndSession(c.Request.Context(), input, c.GetString("userID"))
-	if err != nil {
-		// If the validation fails, the user has to confirm the logout manually and doesn't get redirected
-		log.Printf("Error getting logout callback URL, the user has to confirm the logout manually: %v", err)
-		c.Redirect(http.StatusFound, common.EnvConfig.AppURL+"/logout")
-		return
-	}
-
-	// The validation was successful, so we can log out and redirect the user to the callback URL without confirmation
-	cookie.AddAccessTokenCookie(c, 0, "")
-
-	logoutCallbackURL, _ := url.Parse(callbackURL)
-	if input.State != "" {
-		q := logoutCallbackURL.Query()
-		q.Set("state", input.State)
-		logoutCallbackURL.RawQuery = q.Encode()
-	}
-
-	c.Redirect(http.StatusFound, logoutCallbackURL.String())
-}
-
-// EndSessionHandler godoc (POST method)
-// @Summary End OIDC session (POST method)
-// @Description End user session and handle OIDC logout using POST
-// @Tags OIDC
-// @Accept application/x-www-form-urlencoded
-// @Produce html
-// @Param id_token_hint formData string false "ID token"
-// @Param post_logout_redirect_uri formData string false "URL to redirect to after logout"
-// @Param state formData string false "State parameter to include in the redirect"
-// @Success 302 "Redirect to post-logout URL or application logout page"
-// @Router /api/oidc/end-session [post]
-func (oc *OidcController) EndSessionHandlerPost(c *gin.Context) {
-	// Implementation is the same as GET
-}
-
-// introspectToken godoc
-// @Summary Introspect OIDC tokens
-// @Description Pass an access_token to verify if it is considered valid.
-// @Tags OIDC
-// @Produce json
-// @Param token formData string true "The token to be introspected."
-// @Success 200 {object} dto.OidcIntrospectionResponseDto "Response with the introspection result."
-// @Router /api/oidc/introspect [post]
-func (oc *OidcController) introspectTokenHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	var input dto.OidcIntrospectDto
-	if err := c.ShouldBind(&input); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Client id and secret have to be passed over the Authorization header. This kind of
-	// authentication allows us to keep the endpoint protected (since it could be used to
-	// find valid tokens) while still allowing it to be used by an application that is
-	// supposed to interact with our IdP (since that needs to have a client_id
-	// and client_secret anyway).
-	var (
-		creds service.ClientAuthCredentials
-		ok    bool
-	)
-	creds.ClientID, creds.ClientSecret, ok = c.Request.BasicAuth()
-	if !ok {
-		// If there's no basic auth, check if we have a bearer token
-		bearer, ok := utils.BearerAuth(c.Request)
-		if ok {
-			creds.ClientAssertionType = service.ClientAssertionTypeJWTBearer
-			creds.ClientAssertion = bearer
-		}
-	}
-
-	response, err := oc.oidcService.IntrospectToken(c.Request.Context(), creds, input.Token)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, response)
 }
 
 // getClientMetaDataHandler godoc
@@ -352,6 +74,7 @@ func (oc *OidcController) getClientMetaDataHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	clientDto := dto.OidcClientMetaDataDto{}
 	err = dto.MapStruct(client, &clientDto)
 	if err == nil {
+		clientDto.HasDarkLogo = client.HasDarkLogo()
 		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, clientDto)
 		return
 	}
@@ -398,13 +121,9 @@ func (oc *OidcController) getClientHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Router /api/oidc/clients [get]
 func (oc *OidcController) listClientsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	searchTerm := c.Query("search")
-	var sortedPaginationRequest utils.SortedPaginationRequest
-	if err := c.ShouldBindQuery(&sortedPaginationRequest); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
+	listRequestOptions := utils.ParseListRequestOptions(c)
 
-	clients, pagination, err := oc.oidcService.ListClients(c.Request.Context(), searchTerm, sortedPaginationRequest)
+	clients, pagination, err := oc.oidcService.ListClients(c.Request.Context(), searchTerm, listRequestOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -418,6 +137,7 @@ func (oc *OidcController) listClientsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 			_ = c.Error(err)
 			return
 		}
+		clientDto.HasDarkLogo = client.HasDarkLogo()
 		clientDto.AllowedUserGroupsCount, err = oc.oidcService.GetAllowedGroupsCountOfClient(c, client.ID)
 		if err != nil {
 			_ = c.Error(err)
@@ -487,11 +207,11 @@ func (oc *OidcController) deleteClientHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Accept json
 // @Produce json
 // @Param id path string true "Client ID"
-// @Param client body dto.OidcClientCreateDto true "Client information"
+// @Param client body dto.OidcClientUpdateDto true "Client information"
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.OidcClientWithAllowedUserGroupsDto "Updated client"
 // @Router /api/oidc/clients/{id} [put]
 func (oc *OidcController) updateClientHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	var input dto.OidcClientCreateDto
+	var input dto.OidcClientUpdateDto
 	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -538,19 +258,23 @@ func (oc *OidcController) createClientSecretHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Produce image/jpeg
 // @Produce image/svg+xml
 // @Param id path string true "Client ID"
+// @Param light query boolean false "Light mode logo (true) or dark mode logo (false)"
 // @Success 200 {file} binary "Logo image"
 // @Router /api/oidc/clients/{id}/logo [get]
 func (oc *OidcController) getClientLogoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	imagePath, mimeType, err := oc.oidcService.GetClientLogo(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"))
+	lightLogo, _ := strconv.ParseBool(c.DefaultQuery("light", "true"))
+
+	reader, size, mimeType, err := oc.oidcService.GetClientLogo(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"), lightLogo)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
+	defer reader.Close()
 
 	utils.SetCacheControlHeader(c, 15*time.Minute, 12*time.Hour)
 
 	c.Header("Content-Type", mimeType)
-	c.File(imagePath)
+	c.DataFromReader(http.StatusOK, size, mimeType, reader, nil)
 }
 
 // updateClientLogoHandler godoc
@@ -560,6 +284,7 @@ func (oc *OidcController) getClientLogoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Accept multipart/form-data
 // @Param id path string true "Client ID"
 // @Param file formData file true "Logo image file (PNG, JPG, or SVG)"
+// @Param light query boolean false "Light mode logo (true) or dark mode logo (false)"
 // @Success 204 "No Content"
 // @Router /api/oidc/clients/{id}/logo [post]
 func (oc *OidcController) updateClientLogoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
@@ -569,7 +294,9 @@ func (oc *OidcController) updateClientLogoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	err = oc.oidcService.UpdateClientLogo(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"), file)
+	lightLogo, _ := strconv.ParseBool(c.DefaultQuery("light", "true"))
+
+	err = oc.oidcService.UpdateClientLogo(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"), file, lightLogo)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -583,10 +310,19 @@ func (oc *OidcController) updateClientLogoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Description Delete the logo for an OIDC client
 // @Tags OIDC
 // @Param id path string true "Client ID"
+// @Param light query boolean false "Light mode logo (true) or dark mode logo (false)"
 // @Success 204 "No Content"
 // @Router /api/oidc/clients/{id}/logo [delete]
 func (oc *OidcController) deleteClientLogoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	err := oc.oidcService.DeleteClientLogo(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"))
+	var err error
+
+	lightLogo, _ := strconv.ParseBool(c.DefaultQuery("light", "true"))
+	if lightLogo {
+		err = oc.oidcService.DeleteClientLogo(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"))
+	} else {
+		err = oc.oidcService.DeleteClientDarkLogo(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"))
+	}
+
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -623,31 +359,11 @@ func (oc *OidcController) updateAllowedUserGroupsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
+	oidcClientDto.HasDarkLogo = oidcClient.HasDarkLogo()
 
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, oidcClientDto)
 }
 
-func (oc *OidcController) deviceAuthorizationHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	var input dto.OidcDeviceAuthorizationRequestDto
-	if err := c.ShouldBind(&input); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Client id and secret can also be passed over the Authorization header
-	if input.ClientID == "" && input.ClientSecret == "" {
-		input.ClientID, input.ClientSecret, _ = c.Request.BasicAuth()
-	}
-
-	response, err := oc.oidcService.CreateDeviceAuthorization(c.Request.Context(), input)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, response)
-}
-
 // listOwnAuthorizedClientsHandler godoc
 // @Summary List authorized clients for current user
 // @Description Get a paginated list of OIDC clients that the current user has authorized
@@ -657,7 +373,7 @@ func (oc *OidcController) deviceAuthorizationHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Param sort[column] query string false "Column to sort by"
 // @Param sort[direction] query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.AuthorizedOidcClientDto]
-// @Router /api/oidc/users/me/clients [get]
+// @Router /api/oidc/users/me/authorized-clients [get]
 func (oc *OidcController) listOwnAuthorizedClientsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	userID := c.GetString("userID")
 	oc.listAuthorizedClients(c, userID)
@@ -673,19 +389,16 @@ func (oc *OidcController) listOwnAuthorizedClientsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Param sort[column] query string false "Column to sort by"
 // @Param sort[direction] query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.AuthorizedOidcClientDto]
-// @Router /api/oidc/users/{id}/clients [get]
+// @Router /api/oidc/users/{id}/authorized-clients [get]
 func (oc *OidcController) listAuthorizedClientsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	userID := c.Param("id")
 	oc.listAuthorizedClients(c, userID)
 }
 
 func (oc *OidcController) listAuthorizedClients(c *gin.Context, userID string) {
-	var sortedPaginationRequest utils.SortedPaginationRequest
-	if err := c.ShouldBindQuery(&sortedPaginationRequest); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-	authorizedClients, pagination, err := oc.oidcService.ListAuthorizedClients(c.Request.Context(), userID, sortedPaginationRequest)
+	listRequestOptions := utils.ParseListRequestOptions(c)
+
+	authorizedClients, pagination, err := oc.oidcService.ListAuthorizedClients(c.Request.Context(), userID, listRequestOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -704,18 +417,19 @@ func (oc *OidcController) listAuthorizedClients(c *gin.Context, userID string) {
 	})
 }
 
-func (oc *OidcController) verifyDeviceCodeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	userCode := c.Query("code")
-	if userCode == "" {
-		_ = c.Error(&common.ValidationError{Message: "code is required"})
-		return
-	}
+// revokeOwnClientAuthorizationHandler godoc
+// @Summary Revoke authorization for an OIDC client
+// @Description Revoke the authorization for a specific OIDC client for the current user
+// @Tags OIDC
+// @Param clientId path string true "Client ID to revoke authorization for"
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/oidc/users/me/authorized-clients/{clientId} [delete]
+func (oc *OidcController) revokeOwnClientAuthorizationHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	clientID := c.Param("clientId")
 
-	// Get IP address and user agent from the request context
-	ipAddress := c.ClientIP()
-	userAgent := c.Request.UserAgent()
+	userID := c.GetString("userID")
 
-	err := oc.oidcService.VerifyDeviceCode(c.Request.Context(), userCode, c.GetString("userID"), ipAddress, userAgent)
+	err := oc.oidcService.RevokeAuthorizedClient(c.Request.Context(), userID, clientID)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -724,20 +438,31 @@ func (oc *OidcController) verifyDeviceCodeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
 }
 
-func (oc *OidcController) getDeviceCodeInfoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	userCode := c.Query("code")
-	if userCode == "" {
-		_ = c.Error(&common.ValidationError{Message: "code is required"})
-		return
-	}
+// listOwnAccessibleClientsHandler godoc
+// @Summary List accessible OIDC clients for current user
+// @Description Get a list of OIDC clients that the current user can access
+// @Tags OIDC
+// @Param pagination[page] query int false "Page number for pagination" default(1)
+// @Param pagination[limit] query int false "Number of items per page" default(20)
+// @Param sort[column] query string false "Column to sort by"
+// @Param sort[direction] query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
+// @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.AccessibleOidcClientDto]
+// @Router /api/oidc/users/me/clients [get]
+func (oc *OidcController) listOwnAccessibleClientsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	listRequestOptions := utils.ParseListRequestOptions(c)
 
-	deviceCodeInfo, err := oc.oidcService.GetDeviceCodeInfo(c.Request.Context(), userCode, c.GetString("userID"))
+	userID := c.GetString("userID")
+
+	clients, pagination, err := oc.oidcService.ListAccessibleOidcClients(c.Request.Context(), userID, listRequestOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
 
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, deviceCodeInfo)
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, dto.Paginated[dto.AccessibleOidcClientDto]{
+		Data:       clients,
+		Pagination: pagination,
+	})
 }
 
 // getClientPreviewHandler godoc
@@ -771,7 +496,13 @@ func (oc *OidcController) getClientPreviewHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	preview, err := oc.oidcService.GetClientPreview(c.Request.Context(), clientID, userID, scopes)
+	preview, err := oc.oidcService.GetClientPreview(
+		c.Request.Context(),
+		clientID,
+		userID,
+		strings.Split(scopes, " "),
+		c.GetString("authenticationMethod"))
+
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -779,3 +510,29 @@ func (oc *OidcController) getClientPreviewHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, preview)
 }
+
+// getClientScimServiceProviderHandler godoc
+// @Summary Get SCIM service provider
+// @Description Get the SCIM service provider configuration for an OIDC client
+// @Tags OIDC
+// @Produce json
+// @Param id path string true "Client ID"
+// @Success 200 {object} dto.ScimServiceProviderDTO "SCIM service provider configuration"
+// @Router /api/oidc/clients/{id}/scim-service-provider [get]
+func (oc *OidcController) getClientScimServiceProviderHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	clientID := c.Param("id")
+
+	provider, err := oc.oidcService.GetClientScimServiceProvider(c.Request.Context(), clientID)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var providerDto dto.ScimServiceProviderDTO
+	if err := dto.MapStruct(provider, &providerDto); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, providerDto)
+}

backend/internal/controller/scim_controller.go

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+package controller
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/dto"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
+)
+
+func NewScimController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMiddleware, scimService *service.ScimService) {
+	ugc := ScimController{
+		scimService: scimService,
+	}
+
+	group.POST("/scim/service-provider", authMiddleware.Add(), ugc.createServiceProviderHandler)
+	group.POST("/scim/service-provider/:id/sync", authMiddleware.Add(), ugc.syncServiceProviderHandler)
+	group.PUT("/scim/service-provider/:id", authMiddleware.Add(), ugc.updateServiceProviderHandler)
+	group.DELETE("/scim/service-provider/:id", authMiddleware.Add(), ugc.deleteServiceProviderHandler)
+}
+
+type ScimController struct {
+	scimService *service.ScimService
+}
+
+// syncServiceProviderHandler godoc
+// @Summary Sync SCIM service provider
+// @Description Trigger synchronization for a SCIM service provider
+// @Tags SCIM
+// @Param id path string true "Service Provider ID"
+// @Success 200 "OK"
+// @Router /api/scim/service-provider/{id}/sync [post]
+func (c *ScimController) syncServiceProviderHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	err := c.scimService.SyncServiceProvider(ctx.Request.Context(), ctx.Param("id"))
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Status(http.StatusOK)
+}
+
+// createServiceProviderHandler godoc
+// @Summary Create SCIM service provider
+// @Description Create a new SCIM service provider
+// @Tags SCIM
+// @Accept json
+// @Produce json
+// @Param serviceProvider body dto.ScimServiceProviderCreateDTO true "SCIM service provider information"
+// @Success 201 {object} dto.ScimServiceProviderDTO "Created SCIM service provider"
+// @Router /api/scim/service-provider [post]
+func (c *ScimController) createServiceProviderHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	var input dto.ScimServiceProviderCreateDTO
+	if err := ctx.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	provider, err := c.scimService.CreateServiceProvider(ctx.Request.Context(), &input)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var providerDTO dto.ScimServiceProviderDTO
+	if err := dto.MapStruct(provider, &providerDTO); err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.JSON(http.StatusCreated, providerDTO)
+}
+
+// updateServiceProviderHandler godoc
+// @Summary Update SCIM service provider
+// @Description Update an existing SCIM service provider
+// @Tags SCIM
+// @Accept json
+// @Produce json
+// @Param id path string true "Service Provider ID"
+// @Param serviceProvider body dto.ScimServiceProviderCreateDTO true "SCIM service provider information"
+// @Success 200 {object} dto.ScimServiceProviderDTO "Updated SCIM service provider"
+// @Router /api/scim/service-provider/{id} [put]
+func (c *ScimController) updateServiceProviderHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	var input dto.ScimServiceProviderCreateDTO
+	if err := ctx.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	provider, err := c.scimService.UpdateServiceProvider(ctx.Request.Context(), ctx.Param("id"), &input)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var providerDTO dto.ScimServiceProviderDTO
+	if err := dto.MapStruct(provider, &providerDTO); err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.JSON(http.StatusOK, providerDTO)
+}
+
+// deleteServiceProviderHandler godoc
+// @Summary Delete SCIM service provider
+// @Description Delete a SCIM service provider by ID
+// @Tags SCIM
+// @Param id path string true "Service Provider ID"
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/scim/service-provider/{id} [delete]
+func (c *ScimController) deleteServiceProviderHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	err := c.scimService.DeleteServiceProvider(ctx.Request.Context(), ctx.Param("id"))
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}

backend/internal/controller/user_controller.go

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 package controller
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/appconfig"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/cookie"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
@@ -11,17 +14,21 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/middleware"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
-	"golang.org/x/time/rate"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/webauthn"
 )
 
+const defaultOneTimeAccessTokenDuration = 15 * time.Minute
+
 // NewUserController creates a new controller for user management endpoints
 // @Summary User management controller
 // @Description Initializes all user-related API endpoints
 // @Tags Users
-func NewUserController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMiddleware, rateLimitMiddleware *middleware.RateLimitMiddleware, userService *service.UserService, appConfigService *service.AppConfigService) {
+func NewUserController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMiddleware, rateLimitMiddleware *middleware.RateLimitMiddleware, userService *service.UserService, oneTimeAccessService *service.OneTimeAccessService, webAuthnService *webauthn.Module, appConfigService *appconfig.AppConfigService) {
 	uc := UserController{
-		userService:      userService,
-		appConfigService: appConfigService,
+		userService:          userService,
+		oneTimeAccessService: oneTimeAccessService,
+		webAuthnService:      webAuthnService,
+		appConfigService:     appConfigService,
 	}
 
 	group.GET("/users", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.listUsersHandler)
@@ -30,8 +37,10 @@ func NewUserController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMi
 	group.POST("/users", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.createUserHandler)
 	group.PUT("/users/:id", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.updateUserHandler)
 	group.GET("/users/:id/groups", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.getUserGroupsHandler)
+	group.GET("/users/:id/webauthn-credentials", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.listUserWebauthnCredentialsHandler)
 	group.PUT("/users/me", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), uc.updateCurrentUserHandler)
 	group.DELETE("/users/:id", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.deleteUserHandler)
+	group.DELETE("/users/:id/webauthn-credentials/:credentialId", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.deleteUserWebauthnCredentialHandler)
 
 	group.PUT("/users/:id/user-groups", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.updateUserGroups)
 
@@ -43,23 +52,21 @@ func NewUserController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMi
 	group.POST("/users/me/one-time-access-token", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), uc.createOwnOneTimeAccessTokenHandler)
 	group.POST("/users/:id/one-time-access-token", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.createAdminOneTimeAccessTokenHandler)
 	group.POST("/users/:id/one-time-access-email", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsAdminHandler)
-	group.POST("/one-time-access-token/:token", rateLimitMiddleware.Add(rate.Every(10*time.Second), 5), uc.exchangeOneTimeAccessTokenHandler)
-	group.POST("/one-time-access-email", rateLimitMiddleware.Add(rate.Every(10*time.Minute), 3), uc.RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsUnauthenticatedUserHandler)
+	group.POST("/one-time-access-token/:token", rateLimitMiddleware.Add(middleware.RateLimitOneTimeAccessToken), uc.exchangeOneTimeAccessTokenHandler)
+	group.POST("/one-time-access-email", rateLimitMiddleware.Add(middleware.RateLimitOneTimeAccessEmail), uc.RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsUnauthenticatedUserHandler)
 
 	group.DELETE("/users/:id/profile-picture", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.resetUserProfilePictureHandler)
 	group.DELETE("/users/me/profile-picture", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), uc.resetCurrentUserProfilePictureHandler)
 
-	group.POST("/signup-tokens", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.createSignupTokenHandler)
-	group.GET("/signup-tokens", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.listSignupTokensHandler)
-	group.DELETE("/signup-tokens/:id", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.deleteSignupTokenHandler)
-	group.POST("/signup", rateLimitMiddleware.Add(rate.Every(1*time.Minute), 10), uc.signupHandler)
-	group.POST("/signup/setup", uc.signUpInitialAdmin)
-
+	group.POST("/users/me/send-email-verification", rateLimitMiddleware.Add(middleware.RateLimitSendEmailVerification), authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), uc.sendEmailVerificationHandler)
+	group.POST("/users/me/verify-email", rateLimitMiddleware.Add(middleware.RateLimitVerifyEmail), authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), uc.verifyEmailHandler)
 }
 
 type UserController struct {
-	userService      *service.UserService
-	appConfigService *service.AppConfigService
+	userService          *service.UserService
+	oneTimeAccessService *service.OneTimeAccessService
+	webAuthnService      *webauthn.Module
+	appConfigService     *appconfig.AppConfigService
 }
 
 // getUserGroupsHandler godoc
@@ -67,7 +74,7 @@ type UserController struct {
 // @Description Retrieve all groups a specific user belongs to
 // @Tags Users,User Groups
 // @Param id path string true "User ID"
-// @Success 200 {array} dto.UserGroupDtoWithUsers
+// @Success 200 {array} dto.UserGroupDto
 // @Router /api/users/{id}/groups [get]
 func (uc *UserController) getUserGroupsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	userID := c.Param("id")
@@ -77,7 +84,7 @@ func (uc *UserController) getUserGroupsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	var groupsDto []dto.UserGroupDtoWithUsers
+	var groupsDto []dto.UserGroupDto
 	if err := dto.MapStructList(groups, &groupsDto); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -86,6 +93,36 @@ func (uc *UserController) getUserGroupsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, groupsDto)
 }
 
+// listUserWebauthnCredentialsHandler godoc
+// @Summary List user passkeys
+// @Description Retrieve all WebAuthn credentials for a specific user
+// @Tags Users
+// @Param id path string true "User ID"
+// @Success 200 {array} dto.WebauthnCredentialDto
+// @Router /api/users/{id}/webauthn-credentials [get]
+func (uc *UserController) listUserWebauthnCredentialsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	userID := c.Param("id")
+
+	if _, err := uc.userService.GetUser(c.Request.Context(), userID); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	credentials, err := uc.webAuthnService.ListCredentials(c.Request.Context(), userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var credentialDtos []dto.WebauthnCredentialDto
+	if err := dto.MapStructList(credentials, &credentialDtos); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, credentialDtos)
+}
+
 // listUsersHandler godoc
 // @Summary List users
 // @Description Get a paginated list of users with optional search and sorting
@@ -99,13 +136,9 @@ func (uc *UserController) getUserGroupsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Router /api/users [get]
 func (uc *UserController) listUsersHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	searchTerm := c.Query("search")
-	var sortedPaginationRequest utils.SortedPaginationRequest
-	if err := c.ShouldBindQuery(&sortedPaginationRequest); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
+	listRequestOptions := utils.ParseListRequestOptions(c)
 
-	users, pagination, err := uc.userService.ListUsers(c.Request.Context(), searchTerm, sortedPaginationRequest)
+	users, pagination, err := uc.userService.ListUsers(c.Request.Context(), searchTerm, listRequestOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -184,6 +217,31 @@ func (uc *UserController) deleteUserHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
 }
 
+// deleteUserWebauthnCredentialHandler godoc
+// @Summary Delete user passkey
+// @Description Delete a specific WebAuthn credential for a user
+// @Tags Users
+// @Param id path string true "User ID"
+// @Param credentialId path string true "Credential ID"
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/users/{id}/webauthn-credentials/{credentialId} [delete]
+func (uc *UserController) deleteUserWebauthnCredentialHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	err := uc.webAuthnService.DeleteCredential(
+		c.Request.Context(),
+		c.Param("id"),
+		c.Param("credentialId"),
+		c.ClientIP(),
+		c.Request.UserAgent(),
+		c.GetString("userID"),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
 // createUserHandler godoc
 // @Summary Create user
 // @Description Create a new user
@@ -285,7 +343,7 @@ func (uc *UserController) updateUserProfilePictureHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	}
 	defer file.Close()
 
-	if err := uc.userService.UpdateProfilePicture(userID, file); err != nil {
+	if err := uc.userService.UpdateProfilePicture(c.Request.Context(), userID, file); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
@@ -316,7 +374,7 @@ func (uc *UserController) updateCurrentUserProfilePictureHandler(c *gin.Context)
 	}
 	defer file.Close()
 
-	if err := uc.userService.UpdateProfilePicture(userID, file); err != nil {
+	if err := uc.userService.UpdateProfilePicture(c.Request.Context(), userID, file); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
@@ -326,15 +384,34 @@ func (uc *UserController) updateCurrentUserProfilePictureHandler(c *gin.Context)
 
 func (uc *UserController) createOneTimeAccessTokenHandler(c *gin.Context, own bool) {
 	var input dto.OneTimeAccessTokenCreateDto
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
+	err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input)
+	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
 
+	var (
+		userID string
+		ttl    time.Duration
+	)
 	if own {
-		input.UserID = c.GetString("userID")
+		// Get user ID from context and force the default TTL
+		userID = c.GetString("userID")
+		ttl = defaultOneTimeAccessTokenDuration
+	} else {
+		// Get user ID from URL parameter, and optional TTL from body
+		userID = c.Param("id")
+		ttl = input.TTL.Duration
+		if ttl <= 0 {
+			ttl = defaultOneTimeAccessTokenDuration
+		}
 	}
-	token, err := uc.userService.CreateOneTimeAccessToken(c.Request.Context(), input.UserID, input.ExpiresAt)
+	if userID == "" {
+		_ = c.Error(&common.UserIdNotProvidedError{})
+		return
+	}
+
+	token, err := uc.oneTimeAccessService.CreateOneTimeAccessToken(c.Request.Context(), userID, ttl)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -383,12 +460,13 @@ func (uc *UserController) RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsUnauthenticatedUserHandler(
 		return
 	}
 
-	err := uc.userService.RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsUnauthenticatedUser(c.Request.Context(), input.Email, input.RedirectPath)
+	deviceToken, err := uc.oneTimeAccessService.RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsUnauthenticatedUser(c.Request.Context(), input.Email, input.RedirectPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
 
+	cookie.AddDeviceTokenCookie(c, deviceToken)
 	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
 }
 
@@ -411,7 +489,11 @@ func (uc *UserController) RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsAdminHandler(c *gin.Context
 
 	userID := c.Param("id")
 
-	err := uc.userService.RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsAdmin(c.Request.Context(), userID, input.ExpiresAt)
+	ttl := input.TTL.Duration
+	if ttl <= 0 {
+		ttl = defaultOneTimeAccessTokenDuration
+	}
+	err := uc.oneTimeAccessService.RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsAdmin(c.Request.Context(), userID, ttl)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -428,53 +510,34 @@ func (uc *UserController) RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsAdminHandler(c *gin.Context
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.UserDto
 // @Router /api/one-time-access-token/{token} [post]
 func (uc *UserController) exchangeOneTimeAccessTokenHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	user, token, err := uc.userService.ExchangeOneTimeAccessToken(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("token"), c.ClientIP(), c.Request.UserAgent())
+	cfg, err := appconfig.FromCtx(c.Request.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(fmt.Errorf("error loading app configuration: %w", err))
+		return
+	}
+
+	loginCode := c.Param("token")
+	// reject invalid length login codes
+	if len(loginCode) != 6 && len(loginCode) != 16 {
+		_ = c.Error(&common.TokenInvalidOrExpiredError{})
+		return
+	}
+
+	deviceToken, _ := c.Cookie(cookie.DeviceTokenCookieName)
+	user, token, err := uc.oneTimeAccessService.ExchangeOneTimeAccessToken(c.Request.Context(), loginCode, deviceToken, c.ClientIP(), c.Request.UserAgent())
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
 
 	var userDto dto.UserDto
-	if err := dto.MapStruct(user, &userDto); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	maxAge := int(uc.appConfigService.GetDbConfig().SessionDuration.AsDurationMinutes().Seconds())
-	cookie.AddAccessTokenCookie(c, maxAge, token)
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, userDto)
-}
-
-// signUpInitialAdmin godoc
-// @Summary Sign up initial admin user
-// @Description Sign up and generate setup access token for initial admin user
-// @Tags Users
-// @Accept json
-// @Produce json
-// @Param body body dto.SignUpDto true "User information"
-// @Success 200 {object} dto.UserDto
-// @Router /api/signup/setup [post]
-func (uc *UserController) signUpInitialAdmin(c *gin.Context) {
-	var input dto.SignUpDto
-	if err := dto.ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(c, &input); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	user, token, err := uc.userService.SignUpInitialAdmin(c.Request.Context(), input)
+	err = dto.MapStruct(user, &userDto)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
 
-	var userDto dto.UserDto
-	if err := dto.MapStruct(user, &userDto); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	maxAge := int(uc.appConfigService.GetDbConfig().SessionDuration.AsDurationMinutes().Seconds())
+	maxAge := int(cfg.SessionDuration.AsDurationMinutes().Seconds())
 	cookie.AddAccessTokenCookie(c, maxAge, token)
 
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, userDto)
@@ -510,128 +573,6 @@ func (uc *UserController) updateUserGroups(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, userDto)
 }
 
-// createSignupTokenHandler godoc
-// @Summary Create signup token
-// @Description Create a new signup token that allows user registration
-// @Tags Users
-// @Accept json
-// @Produce json
-// @Param token body dto.SignupTokenCreateDto true "Signup token information"
-// @Success 201 {object} dto.SignupTokenDto
-// @Router /api/signup-tokens [post]
-func (uc *UserController) createSignupTokenHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	var input dto.SignupTokenCreateDto
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	signupToken, err := uc.userService.CreateSignupToken(c.Request.Context(), input.ExpiresAt, input.UsageLimit)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	var tokenDto dto.SignupTokenDto
-	if err := dto.MapStruct(signupToken, &tokenDto); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusCreated, tokenDto)
-}
-
-// listSignupTokensHandler godoc
-// @Summary List signup tokens
-// @Description Get a paginated list of signup tokens
-// @Tags Users
-// @Param pagination[page] query int false "Page number for pagination" default(1)
-// @Param pagination[limit] query int false "Number of items per page" default(20)
-// @Param sort[column] query string false "Column to sort by"
-// @Param sort[direction] query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
-// @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.SignupTokenDto]
-// @Router /api/signup-tokens [get]
-func (uc *UserController) listSignupTokensHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	var sortedPaginationRequest utils.SortedPaginationRequest
-	if err := c.ShouldBindQuery(&sortedPaginationRequest); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	tokens, pagination, err := uc.userService.ListSignupTokens(c.Request.Context(), sortedPaginationRequest)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	var tokensDto []dto.SignupTokenDto
-	if err := dto.MapStructList(tokens, &tokensDto); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, dto.Paginated[dto.SignupTokenDto]{
-		Data:       tokensDto,
-		Pagination: pagination,
-	})
-}
-
-// deleteSignupTokenHandler godoc
-// @Summary Delete signup token
-// @Description Delete a signup token by ID
-// @Tags Users
-// @Param id path string true "Token ID"
-// @Success 204 "No Content"
-// @Router /api/signup-tokens/{id} [delete]
-func (uc *UserController) deleteSignupTokenHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	tokenID := c.Param("id")
-
-	err := uc.userService.DeleteSignupToken(c.Request.Context(), tokenID)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
-}
-
-// signupWithTokenHandler godoc
-// @Summary Sign up
-// @Description Create a new user account
-// @Tags Users
-// @Accept json
-// @Produce json
-// @Param user body dto.SignUpDto true "User information"
-// @Success 201 {object} dto.SignUpDto
-// @Router /api/signup [post]
-func (uc *UserController) signupHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	var input dto.SignUpDto
-	if err := dto.ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(c, &input); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	ipAddress := c.ClientIP()
-	userAgent := c.GetHeader("User-Agent")
-
-	user, accessToken, err := uc.userService.SignUp(c.Request.Context(), input, ipAddress, userAgent)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	maxAge := int(uc.appConfigService.GetDbConfig().SessionDuration.AsDurationMinutes().Seconds())
-	cookie.AddAccessTokenCookie(c, maxAge, accessToken)
-
-	var userDto dto.UserDto
-	if err := dto.MapStruct(user, &userDto); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusCreated, userDto)
-}
-
 // updateUser is an internal helper method, not exposed as an API endpoint
 func (uc *UserController) updateUser(c *gin.Context, updateOwnUser bool) {
 	var input dto.UserCreateDto
@@ -673,7 +614,7 @@ func (uc *UserController) updateUser(c *gin.Context, updateOwnUser bool) {
 func (uc *UserController) resetUserProfilePictureHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	userID := c.Param("id")
 
-	if err := uc.userService.ResetProfilePicture(userID); err != nil {
+	if err := uc.userService.ResetProfilePicture(c.Request.Context(), userID); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
@@ -691,7 +632,48 @@ func (uc *UserController) resetUserProfilePictureHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 func (uc *UserController) resetCurrentUserProfilePictureHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	userID := c.GetString("userID")
 
-	if err := uc.userService.ResetProfilePicture(userID); err != nil {
+	if err := uc.userService.ResetProfilePicture(c.Request.Context(), userID); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// sendEmailVerificationHandler godoc
+// @Summary Send email verification
+// @Description Send an email verification to the currently authenticated user
+// @Tags Users
+// @Produce json
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/users/me/send-email-verification [post]
+func (uc *UserController) sendEmailVerificationHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	userID := c.GetString("userID")
+
+	if err := uc.userService.SendEmailVerification(c.Request.Context(), userID); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// verifyEmailHandler godoc
+// @Summary Verify email
+// @Description Verify the currently authenticated user's email using a verification token
+// @Tags Users
+// @Param body body dto.EmailVerificationDto true "Email verification token"
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/users/me/verify-email [post]
+func (uc *UserController) verifyEmailHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	var input dto.EmailVerificationDto
+	if err := dto.ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(c, &input); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	userID := c.GetString("userID")
+	if err := uc.userService.VerifyEmail(c.Request.Context(), userID, input.Token); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}

backend/internal/controller/user_group_controller.go

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ func NewUserGroupController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.A
 		userGroupsGroup.PUT("/:id", ugc.update)
 		userGroupsGroup.DELETE("/:id", ugc.delete)
 		userGroupsGroup.PUT("/:id/users", ugc.updateUsers)
+		userGroupsGroup.PUT("/:id/allowed-oidc-clients", ugc.updateAllowedOidcClients)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -44,33 +45,27 @@ type UserGroupController struct {
 // @Param pagination[limit] query int false "Number of items per page" default(20)
 // @Param sort[column] query string false "Column to sort by"
 // @Param sort[direction] query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
-// @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.UserGroupDtoWithUserCount]
+// @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.UserGroupMinimalDto]
 // @Router /api/user-groups [get]
 func (ugc *UserGroupController) list(c *gin.Context) {
-	ctx := c.Request.Context()
-
 	searchTerm := c.Query("search")
-	var sortedPaginationRequest utils.SortedPaginationRequest
-	if err := c.ShouldBindQuery(&sortedPaginationRequest); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
+	listRequestOptions := utils.ParseListRequestOptions(c)
 
-	groups, pagination, err := ugc.UserGroupService.List(ctx, searchTerm, sortedPaginationRequest)
+	groups, pagination, err := ugc.UserGroupService.List(c, searchTerm, listRequestOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
 
 	// Map the user groups to DTOs
-	var groupsDto = make([]dto.UserGroupDtoWithUserCount, len(groups))
+	var groupsDto = make([]dto.UserGroupMinimalDto, len(groups))
 	for i, group := range groups {
-		var groupDto dto.UserGroupDtoWithUserCount
+		var groupDto dto.UserGroupMinimalDto
 		if err := dto.MapStruct(group, &groupDto); err != nil {
 			_ = c.Error(err)
 			return
 		}
-		groupDto.UserCount, err = ugc.UserGroupService.GetUserCountOfGroup(ctx, group.ID)
+		groupDto.UserCount, err = ugc.UserGroupService.GetUserCountOfGroup(c.Request.Context(), group.ID)
 		if err != nil {
 			_ = c.Error(err)
 			return
@@ -78,7 +73,7 @@ func (ugc *UserGroupController) list(c *gin.Context) {
 		groupsDto[i] = groupDto
 	}
 
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, dto.Paginated[dto.UserGroupDtoWithUserCount]{
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, dto.Paginated[dto.UserGroupMinimalDto]{
 		Data:       groupsDto,
 		Pagination: pagination,
 	})
@@ -91,7 +86,7 @@ func (ugc *UserGroupController) list(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Accept json
 // @Produce json
 // @Param id path string true "User Group ID"
-// @Success 200 {object} dto.UserGroupDtoWithUsers
+// @Success 200 {object} dto.UserGroupDto
 // @Router /api/user-groups/{id} [get]
 func (ugc *UserGroupController) get(c *gin.Context) {
 	group, err := ugc.UserGroupService.Get(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"))
@@ -100,7 +95,7 @@ func (ugc *UserGroupController) get(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	var groupDto dto.UserGroupDtoWithUsers
+	var groupDto dto.UserGroupDto
 	if err := dto.MapStruct(group, &groupDto); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -116,7 +111,7 @@ func (ugc *UserGroupController) get(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Accept json
 // @Produce json
 // @Param userGroup body dto.UserGroupCreateDto true "User group information"
-// @Success 201 {object} dto.UserGroupDtoWithUsers "Created user group"
+// @Success 201 {object} dto.UserGroupDto "Created user group"
 // @Router /api/user-groups [post]
 func (ugc *UserGroupController) create(c *gin.Context) {
 	var input dto.UserGroupCreateDto
@@ -131,7 +126,7 @@ func (ugc *UserGroupController) create(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	var groupDto dto.UserGroupDtoWithUsers
+	var groupDto dto.UserGroupDto
 	if err := dto.MapStruct(group, &groupDto); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -148,7 +143,7 @@ func (ugc *UserGroupController) create(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Produce json
 // @Param id path string true "User Group ID"
 // @Param userGroup body dto.UserGroupCreateDto true "User group information"
-// @Success 200 {object} dto.UserGroupDtoWithUsers "Updated user group"
+// @Success 200 {object} dto.UserGroupDto "Updated user group"
 // @Router /api/user-groups/{id} [put]
 func (ugc *UserGroupController) update(c *gin.Context) {
 	var input dto.UserGroupCreateDto
@@ -163,7 +158,7 @@ func (ugc *UserGroupController) update(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	var groupDto dto.UserGroupDtoWithUsers
+	var groupDto dto.UserGroupDto
 	if err := dto.MapStruct(group, &groupDto); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -198,7 +193,7 @@ func (ugc *UserGroupController) delete(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Produce json
 // @Param id path string true "User Group ID"
 // @Param users body dto.UserGroupUpdateUsersDto true "List of user IDs to assign to this group"
-// @Success 200 {object} dto.UserGroupDtoWithUsers
+// @Success 200 {object} dto.UserGroupDto
 // @Router /api/user-groups/{id}/users [put]
 func (ugc *UserGroupController) updateUsers(c *gin.Context) {
 	var input dto.UserGroupUpdateUsersDto
@@ -213,7 +208,7 @@ func (ugc *UserGroupController) updateUsers(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	var groupDto dto.UserGroupDtoWithUsers
+	var groupDto dto.UserGroupDto
 	if err := dto.MapStruct(group, &groupDto); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -221,3 +216,35 @@ func (ugc *UserGroupController) updateUsers(c *gin.Context) {
 
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, groupDto)
 }
+
+// updateAllowedOidcClients godoc
+// @Summary Update allowed OIDC clients
+// @Description Update the OIDC clients allowed for a specific user group
+// @Tags OIDC
+// @Accept json
+// @Produce json
+// @Param id path string true "User Group ID"
+// @Param groups body dto.UserGroupUpdateAllowedOidcClientsDto true "OIDC client IDs to allow"
+// @Success 200 {object} dto.UserGroupDto "Updated user group"
+// @Router /api/user-groups/{id}/allowed-oidc-clients [put]
+func (ugc *UserGroupController) updateAllowedOidcClients(c *gin.Context) {
+	var input dto.UserGroupUpdateAllowedOidcClientsDto
+	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	userGroup, err := ugc.UserGroupService.UpdateAllowedOidcClient(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"), input)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var userGroupDto dto.UserGroupDto
+	if err := dto.MapStruct(userGroup, &userGroupDto); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, userGroupDto)
+}

backend/internal/controller/version_controller.go

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package controller
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+)
+
+// NewVersionController registers version-related routes.
+func NewVersionController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMiddleware, versionService *service.VersionService) {
+	vc := &VersionController{versionService: versionService}
+	group.GET("/version/latest", vc.getLatestVersionHandler)
+	group.GET("/version/current", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), vc.getCurrentVersionHandler)
+}
+
+type VersionController struct {
+	versionService *service.VersionService
+}
+
+// getLatestVersionHandler godoc
+// @Summary Get latest available version of Pocket ID
+// @Tags Version
+// @Produce json
+// @Success 200 {object} map[string]string "Latest version information"
+// @Router /api/version/latest [get]
+func (vc *VersionController) getLatestVersionHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	tag, err := vc.versionService.GetLatestVersion(c.Request.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	utils.SetCacheControlHeader(c, 5*time.Minute, 15*time.Minute)
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
+		"latestVersion": tag,
+	})
+}
+
+// getCurrentVersionHandler godoc
+// @Summary Get current deployed version of Pocket ID
+// @Tags Version
+// @Produce json
+// @Success 200 {object} map[string]string "Current version information"
+// @Router /api/version/current [get]
+func (vc *VersionController) getCurrentVersionHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
+		"currentVersion": common.Version,
+	})
+}

backend/internal/controller/webauthn_controller.go

@@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
-package controller
-
-import (
-	"net/http"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn/protocol"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/dto"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/middleware"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/cookie"
-
-	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
-	"golang.org/x/time/rate"
-)
-
-func NewWebauthnController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMiddleware, rateLimitMiddleware *middleware.RateLimitMiddleware, webauthnService *service.WebAuthnService, appConfigService *service.AppConfigService) {
-	wc := &WebauthnController{webAuthnService: webauthnService, appConfigService: appConfigService}
-	group.GET("/webauthn/register/start", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), wc.beginRegistrationHandler)
-	group.POST("/webauthn/register/finish", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), wc.verifyRegistrationHandler)
-
-	group.GET("/webauthn/login/start", wc.beginLoginHandler)
-	group.POST("/webauthn/login/finish", rateLimitMiddleware.Add(rate.Every(10*time.Second), 5), wc.verifyLoginHandler)
-
-	group.POST("/webauthn/logout", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), wc.logoutHandler)
-
-	group.GET("/webauthn/credentials", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), wc.listCredentialsHandler)
-	group.PATCH("/webauthn/credentials/:id", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), wc.updateCredentialHandler)
-	group.DELETE("/webauthn/credentials/:id", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), wc.deleteCredentialHandler)
-}
-
-type WebauthnController struct {
-	webAuthnService  *service.WebAuthnService
-	appConfigService *service.AppConfigService
-}
-
-func (wc *WebauthnController) beginRegistrationHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	userID := c.GetString("userID")
-	options, err := wc.webAuthnService.BeginRegistration(c.Request.Context(), userID)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	cookie.AddSessionIdCookie(c, int(options.Timeout.Seconds()), options.SessionID)
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, options.Response)
-}
-
-func (wc *WebauthnController) verifyRegistrationHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	sessionID, err := c.Cookie(cookie.SessionIdCookieName)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(&common.MissingSessionIdError{})
-		return
-	}
-
-	userID := c.GetString("userID")
-	credential, err := wc.webAuthnService.VerifyRegistration(c.Request.Context(), sessionID, userID, c.Request)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	var credentialDto dto.WebauthnCredentialDto
-	if err := dto.MapStruct(credential, &credentialDto); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, credentialDto)
-}
-
-func (wc *WebauthnController) beginLoginHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	options, err := wc.webAuthnService.BeginLogin(c.Request.Context())
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	cookie.AddSessionIdCookie(c, int(options.Timeout.Seconds()), options.SessionID)
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, options.Response)
-}
-
-func (wc *WebauthnController) verifyLoginHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	sessionID, err := c.Cookie(cookie.SessionIdCookieName)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(&common.MissingSessionIdError{})
-		return
-	}
-
-	credentialAssertionData, err := protocol.ParseCredentialRequestResponseBody(c.Request.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	user, token, err := wc.webAuthnService.VerifyLogin(c.Request.Context(), sessionID, credentialAssertionData, c.ClientIP(), c.Request.UserAgent())
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	var userDto dto.UserDto
-	if err := dto.MapStruct(user, &userDto); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	maxAge := int(wc.appConfigService.GetDbConfig().SessionDuration.AsDurationMinutes().Seconds())
-	cookie.AddAccessTokenCookie(c, maxAge, token)
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, userDto)
-}
-
-func (wc *WebauthnController) listCredentialsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	userID := c.GetString("userID")
-	credentials, err := wc.webAuthnService.ListCredentials(c.Request.Context(), userID)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	var credentialDtos []dto.WebauthnCredentialDto
-	if err := dto.MapStructList(credentials, &credentialDtos); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, credentialDtos)
-}
-
-func (wc *WebauthnController) deleteCredentialHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	userID := c.GetString("userID")
-	credentialID := c.Param("id")
-
-	err := wc.webAuthnService.DeleteCredential(c.Request.Context(), userID, credentialID)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
-}
-
-func (wc *WebauthnController) updateCredentialHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	userID := c.GetString("userID")
-	credentialID := c.Param("id")
-
-	var input dto.WebauthnCredentialUpdateDto
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	credential, err := wc.webAuthnService.UpdateCredential(c.Request.Context(), userID, credentialID, input.Name)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	var credentialDto dto.WebauthnCredentialDto
-	if err := dto.MapStruct(credential, &credentialDto); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, credentialDto)
-}
-
-func (wc *WebauthnController) logoutHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	cookie.AddAccessTokenCookie(c, 0, "")
-	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
-}

backend/internal/controller/well_known_controller.go

@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@ package controller
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
+	"log/slog"
 	"net/http"
+	"os"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 
@@ -23,7 +24,9 @@ func NewWellKnownController(group *gin.RouterGroup, jwtService *service.JwtServi
 	var err error
 	wkc.oidcConfig, err = wkc.computeOIDCConfiguration()
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("Failed to pre-compute OpenID Connect configuration document: %v", err)
+		slog.Error("Failed to pre-compute OpenID Connect configuration document", slog.Any("error", err))
+		os.Exit(1)
+		return
 	}
 
 	group.GET("/.well-known/jwks.json", wkc.jwksHandler)
@@ -64,6 +67,9 @@ func (wkc *WellKnownController) openIDConfigurationHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 
 func (wkc *WellKnownController) computeOIDCConfiguration() ([]byte, error) {
 	appUrl := common.EnvConfig.AppURL
+
+	internalAppUrl := common.EnvConfig.InternalAppURL
+
 	alg, err := wkc.jwtService.GetKeyAlg()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get key algorithm: %w", err)
@@ -71,19 +77,27 @@ func (wkc *WellKnownController) computeOIDCConfiguration() ([]byte, error) {
 	config := map[string]any{
 		"issuer":                                         appUrl,
 		"authorization_endpoint":                         appUrl + "/authorize",
-		"token_endpoint":                                 appUrl + "/api/oidc/token",
-		"userinfo_endpoint":                              appUrl + "/api/oidc/userinfo",
+		"token_endpoint":                                 internalAppUrl + "/api/oidc/token",
+		"userinfo_endpoint":                              internalAppUrl + "/api/oidc/userinfo",
 		"end_session_endpoint":                           appUrl + "/api/oidc/end-session",
-		"introspection_endpoint":                         appUrl + "/api/oidc/introspect",
+		"introspection_endpoint":                         internalAppUrl + "/api/oidc/introspect",
 		"device_authorization_endpoint":                  appUrl + "/api/oidc/device/authorize",
-		"jwks_uri":                                       appUrl + "/.well-known/jwks.json",
-		"grant_types_supported":                          []string{service.GrantTypeAuthorizationCode, service.GrantTypeRefreshToken, service.GrantTypeDeviceCode},
-		"scopes_supported":                               []string{"openid", "profile", "email", "groups"},
-		"claims_supported":                               []string{"sub", "given_name", "family_name", "name", "email", "email_verified", "preferred_username", "picture", "groups"},
+		"jwks_uri":                                       internalAppUrl + "/.well-known/jwks.json",
+		"grant_types_supported":                          []string{service.GrantTypeAuthorizationCode, service.GrantTypeRefreshToken, service.GrantTypeDeviceCode, service.GrantTypeClientCredentials},
+		"scopes_supported":                               []string{"openid", "profile", "email", "groups", "offline_access"},
+		"claims_supported":                               []string{"sub", "given_name", "family_name", "name", "display_name", "email", "email_verified", "preferred_username", "picture", "groups", "auth_time", "amr"},
 		"response_types_supported":                       []string{"code", "id_token"},
 		"subject_types_supported":                        []string{"public"},
 		"id_token_signing_alg_values_supported":          []string{alg.String()},
 		"authorization_response_iss_parameter_supported": true,
+		"code_challenge_methods_supported":               []string{"plain", "S256"},
+		"request_parameter_supported":                    true,
+		"request_uri_parameter_supported":                false,
+		"request_object_signing_alg_values_supported":    []string{"none"},
+		"prompt_values_supported":                        []string{"none", "login", "consent", "select_account"},
+		"token_endpoint_auth_methods_supported":          []string{"client_secret_basic", "client_secret_post", "none"},
+		"pushed_authorization_request_endpoint":          internalAppUrl + "/api/oidc/par",
+		"require_pushed_authorization_requests":          false,
 	}
 	return json.Marshal(config)
 }

backend/internal/dto/app_config_dto.go

@@ -14,11 +14,15 @@ type AppConfigVariableDto struct {
 type AppConfigUpdateDto struct {
 	AppName                                    string `json:"appName" binding:"required,min=1,max=30" unorm:"nfc"`
 	SessionDuration                            string `json:"sessionDuration" binding:"required"`
+	HomePageURL                                string `json:"homePageUrl" binding:"required"`
 	EmailsVerified                             string `json:"emailsVerified" binding:"required"`
 	DisableAnimations                          string `json:"disableAnimations" binding:"required"`
 	AllowOwnAccountEdit                        string `json:"allowOwnAccountEdit" binding:"required"`
 	AllowUserSignups                           string `json:"allowUserSignups" binding:"required,oneof=disabled withToken open"`
+	SignupDefaultUserGroupIDs                  string `json:"signupDefaultUserGroupIDs" binding:"omitempty,json"`
+	SignupDefaultCustomClaims                  string `json:"signupDefaultCustomClaims" binding:"omitempty,json"`
 	AccentColor                                string `json:"accentColor"`
+	RequireUserEmail                           string `json:"requireUserEmail" binding:"required"`
 	SmtpHost                                   string `json:"smtpHost"`
 	SmtpPort                                   string `json:"smtpPort"`
 	SmtpFrom                                   string `json:"smtpFrom" binding:"omitempty,email"`
@@ -39,14 +43,16 @@ type AppConfigUpdateDto struct {
 	LdapAttributeUserEmail                     string `json:"ldapAttributeUserEmail"`
 	LdapAttributeUserFirstName                 string `json:"ldapAttributeUserFirstName"`
 	LdapAttributeUserLastName                  string `json:"ldapAttributeUserLastName"`
+	LdapAttributeUserDisplayName               string `json:"ldapAttributeUserDisplayName"`
 	LdapAttributeUserProfilePicture            string `json:"ldapAttributeUserProfilePicture"`
 	LdapAttributeGroupMember                   string `json:"ldapAttributeGroupMember"`
 	LdapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier         string `json:"ldapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier"`
 	LdapAttributeGroupName                     string `json:"ldapAttributeGroupName"`
-	LdapAttributeAdminGroup                    string `json:"ldapAttributeAdminGroup"`
+	LdapAdminGroupName                         string `json:"ldapAdminGroupName"`
 	LdapSoftDeleteUsers                        string `json:"ldapSoftDeleteUsers"`
 	EmailOneTimeAccessAsAdminEnabled           string `json:"emailOneTimeAccessAsAdminEnabled" binding:"required"`
 	EmailOneTimeAccessAsUnauthenticatedEnabled string `json:"emailOneTimeAccessAsUnauthenticatedEnabled" binding:"required"`
 	EmailLoginNotificationEnabled              string `json:"emailLoginNotificationEnabled" binding:"required"`
 	EmailApiKeyExpirationEnabled               string `json:"emailApiKeyExpirationEnabled" binding:"required"`
+	EmailVerificationEnabled                   string `json:"emailVerificationEnabled" binding:"required"`
 }

backend/internal/dto/audit_log_dto.go

@@ -8,19 +8,13 @@ type AuditLogDto struct {
 	ID        string            `json:"id"`
 	CreatedAt datatype.DateTime `json:"createdAt"`
 
-	Event     string            `json:"event"`
-	IpAddress string            `json:"ipAddress"`
-	Country   string            `json:"country"`
-	City      string            `json:"city"`
-	Device    string            `json:"device"`
-	UserID    string            `json:"userID"`
-	Username  string            `json:"username"`
-	Data      map[string]string `json:"data"`
-}
-
-type AuditLogFilterDto struct {
-	UserID     string `form:"filters[userId]"`
-	Event      string `form:"filters[event]"`
-	ClientName string `form:"filters[clientName]"`
-	Location   string `form:"filters[location]"`
+	Event         string            `json:"event"`
+	IpAddress     string            `json:"ipAddress"`
+	Country       string            `json:"country"`
+	City          string            `json:"city"`
+	Device        string            `json:"device"`
+	UserID        string            `json:"userID"`
+	Username      string            `json:"username"`
+	ActorUsername string            `json:"actorUsername"`
+	Data          map[string]string `json:"data"`
 }

backend/internal/dto/dto_mapper_test.go

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
 	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
 )
 
 type sourceStruct struct {
@@ -60,11 +59,11 @@ type embeddedStruct struct {
 func TestMapStruct(t *testing.T) {
 	src := sourceStruct{
 		AString:            "abcd",
-		AStringPtr:         utils.Ptr("xyz"),
+		AStringPtr:         new("xyz"),
 		ABool:              true,
-		ABoolPtr:           utils.Ptr(false),
+		ABoolPtr:           new(false),
 		ACustomDateTime:    datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2025, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, time.UTC)),
-		ACustomDateTimePtr: utils.Ptr(datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2024, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, time.UTC))),
+		ACustomDateTimePtr: new(datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2024, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, time.UTC))),
 		ANilStringPtr:      nil,
 		ASlice:             []string{"a", "b", "c"},
 		AMap: map[string]int{
@@ -80,8 +79,8 @@ func TestMapStruct(t *testing.T) {
 			Bar: 111,
 		},
 
-		StringPtrToString:      utils.Ptr("foobar"),
-		EmptyStringPtrToString: utils.Ptr(""),
+		StringPtrToString:      new("foobar"),
+		EmptyStringPtrToString: new(""),
 		NilStringPtrToString:   nil,
 		IntToInt64:             99,
 		AuditLogEventToString:  model.AuditLogEventAccountCreated,
@@ -118,11 +117,11 @@ func TestMapStructList(t *testing.T) {
 	sources := []sourceStruct{
 		{
 			AString:            "first",
-			AStringPtr:         utils.Ptr("one"),
+			AStringPtr:         new("one"),
 			ABool:              true,
-			ABoolPtr:           utils.Ptr(false),
+			ABoolPtr:           new(false),
 			ACustomDateTime:    datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2025, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, time.UTC)),
-			ACustomDateTimePtr: utils.Ptr(datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2024, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, time.UTC))),
+			ACustomDateTimePtr: new(datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2024, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, time.UTC))),
 			ASlice:             []string{"a", "b"},
 			AMap: map[string]int{
 				"a": 1,
@@ -136,11 +135,11 @@ func TestMapStructList(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			AString:            "second",
-			AStringPtr:         utils.Ptr("two"),
+			AStringPtr:         new("two"),
 			ABool:              false,
-			ABoolPtr:           utils.Ptr(true),
+			ABoolPtr:           new(true),
 			ACustomDateTime:    datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2026, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 0, time.UTC)),
-			ACustomDateTimePtr: utils.Ptr(datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2023, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 0, time.UTC))),
+			ACustomDateTimePtr: new(datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2023, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 0, time.UTC))),
 			ASlice:             []string{"c", "d", "e"},
 			AMap: map[string]int{
 				"c": 3,