Updated translator & dependency attribution before release v25.12.3

Added and updated tests to cover.

Also updated API auth to a narrower focus of existing session instead of also existing user auth.
This is mainly for tests, to ensure they're following the session
process we'd see for activity in the UI.

.env.example

@@ -26,6 +26,13 @@ DB_DATABASE=database_database
 DB_USERNAME=database_username
 DB_PASSWORD=database_user_password
 
+# Storage system to use
+# By default files are stored on the local filesystem, with images being placed in
+# public web space so they can be efficiently served directly by the web-server.
+# For other options with different security levels & considerations, refer to:
+# https://www.bookstackapp.com/docs/admin/upload-config/
+STORAGE_TYPE=local
+
 # Mail system to use
 # Can be 'smtp' or 'sendmail'
 MAIL_DRIVER=smtp

.env.example.complete

@@ -36,10 +36,14 @@ APP_LANG=en
 # APP_LANG will be used if such a header is not provided.
 APP_AUTO_LANG_PUBLIC=true
 
-# Application timezone
-# Used where dates are displayed such as on exported content.
+# Application timezones
+# The first option is used to determine what timezone is used for date storage.
+# Leaving that as "UTC" is advised.
+# The second option is used to set the timezone which will be used for date
+# formatting and display. This defaults to the "APP_TIMEZONE" value.
 # Valid timezone values can be found here: https://www.php.net/manual/en/timezones.php
 APP_TIMEZONE=UTC
+APP_DISPLAY_TIMEZONE=UTC
 
 # Application theme
 # Used to specific a themes/<APP_THEME> folder where BookStack UI

.github/translators.txt

@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ Alexander Predl (Harveyhase68) :: German
 Rem (Rem9000) :: Dutch
 Michał Stelmach (stelmach-web) :: Polish
 arniom :: French
-REMOVED_USER :: French; Dutch; Portuguese, Brazilian; Portuguese; Turkish; 
+REMOVED_USER :: French; German; Dutch; Portuguese, Brazilian; Portuguese; Turkish; 
 林祖年 (contagion) :: Chinese Traditional
 Siamak Guodarzi (siamakgoudarzi88) :: Persian
 Lis Maestrelo (lismtrl) :: Portuguese, Brazilian
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ SmokingCrop :: Dutch
 Maciej Lebiest (Szwendacz) :: Polish
 DiscordDigital :: German; German Informal
 Gábor Marton (dodver) :: Hungarian
-Jasell :: Swedish
+Jakob Åsell (Jasell) :: Swedish
 Ghost_chu (ghostchu) :: Chinese Simplified
 Ravid Shachar (ravidshachar) :: Hebrew
 Helga Guchshenskaya (guchshenskaya) :: Russian
@@ -505,3 +505,28 @@ Danilo dos Santos Barbosa (bozochegou) :: Portuguese, Brazilian
 Chris (furesoft) :: German
 Silvia Isern (eiendragon) :: Catalan
 Dennis Kron Pedersen (ahjdp) :: Danish
+iamwhoiamwhoami :: Swedish
+Grogui :: French
+MrCharlesIII :: Arabic
+David Olsen (dawin) :: Danish
+ltnzr :: French
+Frank Holler (holler.frank) :: German; German Informal
+Korab Arifi (korabidev) :: Albanian
+Petr Husák (petrhusak) :: Czech
+Bernardo Maia (bernardo.bmaia2) :: Portuguese, Brazilian
+Amr (amr3k) :: Arabic
+Tahsin Ahmed (tahsinahmed2012) :: Bengali
+bojan_che :: Serbian (Cyrillic)
+setiawan setiawan (culture.setiawan) :: Indonesian
+Donald Mac Kenzie (kiuman) :: Norwegian Bokmal
+Gabriel Silver (GabrielBSilver) :: Hebrew
+Tomas Darius Davainis (Tomasdd) :: Lithuanian
+CriedHero :: Chinese Simplified
+Henrik (henrik2105) :: Norwegian Bokmal
+FoW (fofwisdom) :: Korean
+serinf-lauza :: French
+Diyan Nikolaev (nikolaev.diyan) :: Bulgarian
+Shadluk Avan (quldosh) :: Uzbek
+Marci (MartonPoto) :: Hungarian
+Michał Sadurski (wheeskeey) :: Polish
+JanDziaslo :: Polish

.github/workflows/test-migrations.yml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        php: ['8.2', '8.3', '8.4']
+        php: ['8.2', '8.3', '8.4', '8.5']
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 

.github/workflows/test-php.yml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        php: ['8.2', '8.3', '8.4']
+        php: ['8.2', '8.3', '8.4', '8.5']
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 

LICENSE

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 The MIT License (MIT)
 
-Copyright (c) 2015-2025, Dan Brown and the BookStack project contributors.
+Copyright (c) 2015-2026, Dan Brown and the BookStack project contributors.
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

app/Access/Controllers/OidcController.php

@@ -9,11 +9,9 @@ use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 
 class OidcController extends Controller
 {
-    protected OidcService $oidcService;
-
-    public function __construct(OidcService $oidcService)
-    {
-        $this->oidcService = $oidcService;
+    public function __construct(
+        protected OidcService $oidcService
+    ) {
         $this->middleware('guard:oidc');
     }
 
@@ -30,7 +28,7 @@ class OidcController extends Controller
             return redirect('/login');
         }
 
-        session()->flash('oidc_state', $loginDetails['state']);
+        session()->put('oidc_state', time() . ':' . $loginDetails['state']);
 
         return redirect($loginDetails['url']);
     }
@@ -41,10 +39,16 @@ class OidcController extends Controller
      */
     public function callback(Request $request)
     {
-        $storedState = session()->pull('oidc_state');
         $responseState = $request->query('state');
+        $splitState =  explode(':', session()->pull('oidc_state', ':'), 2);
+        if (count($splitState) !== 2) {
+            $splitState = [null, null];
+        }
 
-        if ($storedState !== $responseState) {
+        [$storedStateTime, $storedState] = $splitState;
+        $threeMinutesAgo = time() - 3 * 60;
+
+        if (!$storedState || $storedState !== $responseState || intval($storedStateTime) < $threeMinutesAgo) {
             $this->showErrorNotification(trans('errors.oidc_fail_authed', ['system' => config('oidc.name')]));
 
             return redirect('/login');
@@ -62,7 +66,7 @@ class OidcController extends Controller
     }
 
     /**
-     * Log the user out then start the OIDC RP-initiated logout process.
+     * Log the user out, then start the OIDC RP-initiated logout process.
      */
     public function logout()
     {

app/Access/ExternalBaseUserProvider.php

@@ -2,33 +2,18 @@
 
 namespace BookStack\Access;
 
+use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\UserProvider;
-use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 
 class ExternalBaseUserProvider implements UserProvider
 {
-    public function __construct(
-        protected string $model
-    ) {
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Create a new instance of the model.
-     */
-    public function createModel(): Model
-    {
-        $class = '\\' . ltrim($this->model, '\\');
-
-        return new $class();
-    }
-
     /**
      * Retrieve a user by their unique identifier.
      */
     public function retrieveById(mixed $identifier): ?Authenticatable
     {
-        return $this->createModel()->newQuery()->find($identifier);
+        return User::query()->find($identifier);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -59,10 +44,7 @@ class ExternalBaseUserProvider implements UserProvider
      */
     public function retrieveByCredentials(array $credentials): ?Authenticatable
     {
-        // Search current user base by looking up a uid
-        $model = $this->createModel();
-
-        return $model->newQuery()
+        return User::query()
             ->where('external_auth_id', $credentials['external_auth_id'])
             ->first();
     }

app/Access/Guards/AsyncExternalBaseSessionGuard.php

@@ -3,23 +3,18 @@
 namespace BookStack\Access\Guards;
 
 /**
- * Saml2 Session Guard.
+ * External Auth Session Guard.
  *
- * The saml2 login process is async in nature meaning it does not fit very well
- * into the default laravel 'Guard' auth flow. Instead most of the logic is done
- * via the Saml2 controller & Saml2Service. This class provides a safer, thin
- * version of SessionGuard.
+ * The login process for external auth (SAML2/OIDC) is async in nature, meaning it does not fit very well
+ * into the default laravel 'Guard' auth flow. Instead, most of the logic is done via the relevant
+ * controller and services. This class provides a safer, thin version of SessionGuard.
  */
 class AsyncExternalBaseSessionGuard extends ExternalBaseSessionGuard
 {
     /**
      * Validate a user's credentials.
-     *
-     * @param array $credentials
-     *
-     * @return bool
      */
-    public function validate(array $credentials = [])
+    public function validate(array $credentials = []): bool
     {
         return false;
     }
@@ -27,12 +22,9 @@ class AsyncExternalBaseSessionGuard extends ExternalBaseSessionGuard
     /**
      * Attempt to authenticate a user using the given credentials.
      *
-     * @param array $credentials
      * @param bool  $remember
-     *
-     * @return bool
      */
-    public function attempt(array $credentials = [], $remember = false)
+    public function attempt(array $credentials = [], $remember = false): bool
     {
         return false;
     }

app/Access/Guards/ExternalBaseSessionGuard.php

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ namespace BookStack\Access\Guards;
 
 use BookStack\Access\RegistrationService;
 use Illuminate\Auth\GuardHelpers;
-use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable as AuthenticatableContract;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\StatefulGuard;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\UserProvider;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Session\Session;
@@ -24,43 +24,31 @@ class ExternalBaseSessionGuard implements StatefulGuard
      * The name of the Guard. Typically "session".
      *
      * Corresponds to guard name in authentication configuration.
-     *
-     * @var string
      */
-    protected $name;
+    protected readonly string $name;
 
     /**
      * The user we last attempted to retrieve.
-     *
-     * @var \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable
      */
-    protected $lastAttempted;
+    protected Authenticatable|null $lastAttempted;
 
     /**
      * The session used by the guard.
-     *
-     * @var \Illuminate\Contracts\Session\Session
      */
-    protected $session;
+    protected Session $session;
 
     /**
      * Indicates if the logout method has been called.
-     *
-     * @var bool
      */
-    protected $loggedOut = false;
+    protected bool $loggedOut = false;
 
     /**
      * Service to handle common registration actions.
-     *
-     * @var RegistrationService
      */
-    protected $registrationService;
+    protected RegistrationService $registrationService;
 
     /**
      * Create a new authentication guard.
-     *
-     * @return void
      */
     public function __construct(string $name, UserProvider $provider, Session $session, RegistrationService $registrationService)
     {
@@ -72,13 +60,11 @@ class ExternalBaseSessionGuard implements StatefulGuard
 
     /**
      * Get the currently authenticated user.
-     *
-     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable|null
      */
-    public function user()
+    public function user(): Authenticatable|null
     {
         if ($this->loggedOut) {
-            return;
+            return null;
         }
 
         // If we've already retrieved the user for the current request we can just
@@ -101,13 +87,11 @@ class ExternalBaseSessionGuard implements StatefulGuard
 
     /**
      * Get the ID for the currently authenticated user.
-     *
-     * @return int|null
      */
-    public function id()
+    public function id(): int|null
     {
         if ($this->loggedOut) {
-            return;
+            return null;
         }
 
         return $this->user()
@@ -117,12 +101,8 @@ class ExternalBaseSessionGuard implements StatefulGuard
 
     /**
      * Log a user into the application without sessions or cookies.
-     *
-     * @param array $credentials
-     *
-     * @return bool
      */
-    public function once(array $credentials = [])
+    public function once(array $credentials = []): bool
     {
         if ($this->validate($credentials)) {
             $this->setUser($this->lastAttempted);
@@ -135,12 +115,8 @@ class ExternalBaseSessionGuard implements StatefulGuard
 
     /**
      * Log the given user ID into the application without sessions or cookies.
-     *
-     * @param mixed $id
-     *
-     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable|false
      */
-    public function onceUsingId($id)
+    public function onceUsingId($id): Authenticatable|false
     {
         if (!is_null($user = $this->provider->retrieveById($id))) {
             $this->setUser($user);
@@ -153,38 +129,26 @@ class ExternalBaseSessionGuard implements StatefulGuard
 
     /**
      * Validate a user's credentials.
-     *
-     * @param array $credentials
-     *
-     * @return bool
      */
-    public function validate(array $credentials = [])
+    public function validate(array $credentials = []): bool
     {
         return false;
     }
 
     /**
      * Attempt to authenticate a user using the given credentials.
-     *
-     * @param array $credentials
-     * @param bool  $remember
-     *
-     * @return bool
+     * @param bool $remember
      */
-    public function attempt(array $credentials = [], $remember = false)
+    public function attempt(array $credentials = [], $remember = false): bool
     {
         return false;
     }
 
     /**
      * Log the given user ID into the application.
-     *
-     * @param mixed $id
      * @param bool  $remember
-     *
-     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable|false
      */
-    public function loginUsingId($id, $remember = false)
+    public function loginUsingId(mixed $id, $remember = false): Authenticatable|false
     {
         // Always return false as to disable this method,
         // Logins should route through LoginService.
@@ -194,12 +158,9 @@ class ExternalBaseSessionGuard implements StatefulGuard
     /**
      * Log a user into the application.
      *
-     * @param \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable $user
-     * @param bool                                       $remember
-     *
-     * @return void
+     * @param bool $remember
      */
-    public function login(AuthenticatableContract $user, $remember = false)
+    public function login(Authenticatable $user, $remember = false): void
     {
         $this->updateSession($user->getAuthIdentifier());
 
@@ -208,12 +169,8 @@ class ExternalBaseSessionGuard implements StatefulGuard
 
     /**
      * Update the session with the given ID.
-     *
-     * @param string $id
-     *
-     * @return void
      */
-    protected function updateSession($id)
+    protected function updateSession(string|int $id): void
     {
         $this->session->put($this->getName(), $id);
 
@@ -222,10 +179,8 @@ class ExternalBaseSessionGuard implements StatefulGuard
 
     /**
      * Log the user out of the application.
-     *
-     * @return void
      */
-    public function logout()
+    public function logout(): void
     {
         $this->clearUserDataFromStorage();
 
@@ -239,62 +194,48 @@ class ExternalBaseSessionGuard implements StatefulGuard
 
     /**
      * Remove the user data from the session and cookies.
-     *
-     * @return void
      */
-    protected function clearUserDataFromStorage()
+    protected function clearUserDataFromStorage(): void
     {
         $this->session->remove($this->getName());
     }
 
     /**
      * Get the last user we attempted to authenticate.
-     *
-     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable
      */
-    public function getLastAttempted()
+    public function getLastAttempted(): Authenticatable
     {
         return $this->lastAttempted;
     }
 
     /**
      * Get a unique identifier for the auth session value.
-     *
-     * @return string
      */
-    public function getName()
+    public function getName(): string
     {
         return 'login_' . $this->name . '_' . sha1(static::class);
     }
 
     /**
      * Determine if the user was authenticated via "remember me" cookie.
-     *
-     * @return bool
      */
-    public function viaRemember()
+    public function viaRemember(): bool
     {
         return false;
     }
 
     /**
      * Return the currently cached user.
-     *
-     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable|null
      */
-    public function getUser()
+    public function getUser(): Authenticatable|null
     {
         return $this->user;
     }
 
     /**
      * Set the current user.
-     *
-     * @param \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable $user
-     *
-     * @return $this
      */
-    public function setUser(AuthenticatableContract $user)
+    public function setUser(Authenticatable $user): self
     {
         $this->user = $user;
 

app/Access/Guards/LdapSessionGuard.php

@@ -35,13 +35,9 @@ class LdapSessionGuard extends ExternalBaseSessionGuard
     /**
      * Validate a user's credentials.
      *
-     * @param array $credentials
-     *
      * @throws LdapException
-     *
-     * @return bool
      */
-    public function validate(array $credentials = [])
+    public function validate(array $credentials = []): bool
     {
         $userDetails = $this->ldapService->getUserDetails($credentials['username']);
 

app/Access/LoginService.php

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use BookStack\Exceptions\LoginAttemptInvalidUserException;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\StoppedAuthenticationException;
 use BookStack\Facades\Activity;
 use BookStack\Facades\Theme;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\Theming\ThemeEvents;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
 use Exception;
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ class LoginService
         Theme::dispatch(ThemeEvents::AUTH_LOGIN, $method, $user);
 
         // Authenticate on all session guards if a likely admin
-        if ($user->can('users-manage') && $user->can('user-roles-manage')) {
+        if ($user->can(Permission::UsersManage) && $user->can(Permission::UserRolesManage)) {
             $guards = ['standard', 'ldap', 'saml2', 'oidc'];
             foreach ($guards as $guard) {
                 auth($guard)->login($user);
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ class LoginService
     {
         $value = session()->get(self::LAST_LOGIN_ATTEMPTED_SESSION_KEY);
         if (!$value) {
-            return ['user_id' => null, 'method' => null];
+            return ['user_id' => null, 'method' => null, 'remember' => false];
         }
 
         [$id, $method, $remember, $time] = explode(':', $value);
@@ -103,18 +104,18 @@ class LoginService
         if ($time < $hourAgo) {
             $this->clearLastLoginAttempted();
 
-            return ['user_id' => null, 'method' => null];
+            return ['user_id' => null, 'method' => null, 'remember' => false];
         }
 
         return ['user_id' => $id, 'method' => $method, 'remember' => boolval($remember)];
     }
 
     /**
-     * Set the last login attempted user.
+     * Set the last login-attempted user.
      * Must be only used when credentials are correct and a login could be
-     * achieved but a secondary factor has stopped the login.
+     * achieved, but a secondary factor has stopped the login.
      */
-    protected function setLastLoginAttemptedForUser(User $user, string $method, bool $remember)
+    protected function setLastLoginAttemptedForUser(User $user, string $method, bool $remember): void
     {
         session()->put(
             self::LAST_LOGIN_ATTEMPTED_SESSION_KEY,

app/Access/Mfa/MfaSession.php

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ class MfaSession
      */
     public function isRequiredForUser(User $user): bool
     {
-        // TODO - Test both these cases
         return $user->mfaValues()->exists() || $this->userRoleEnforcesMfa($user);
     }
 

app/Access/Mfa/MfaValue.php

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ namespace BookStack\Access\Mfa;
 
 use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
 use Carbon\Carbon;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 
 /**
@@ -16,6 +17,8 @@ use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
  */
 class MfaValue extends Model
 {
+    use HasFactory;
+
     protected static $unguarded = true;
 
     const METHOD_TOTP = 'totp';

app/Access/Mfa/TotpService.php

@@ -14,10 +14,9 @@ use PragmaRX\Google2FA\Support\Constants;
 
 class TotpService
 {
-    protected $google2fa;
-
-    public function __construct(Google2FA $google2fa)
-    {
+    public function __construct(
+        protected Google2FA $google2fa
+    ) {
         $this->google2fa = $google2fa;
         // Use SHA1 as a default, Personal testing of other options in 2021 found
         // many apps lack support for other algorithms yet still will scan
@@ -35,7 +34,7 @@ class TotpService
     }
 
     /**
-     * Generate a TOTP URL from secret key.
+     * Generate a TOTP URL from a secret key.
      */
     public function generateUrl(string $secret, User $user): string
     {

app/Access/Saml2Service.php

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class Saml2Service
      * Returns the SAML2 request ID, and the URL to redirect the user to.
      *
      * @throws Error
-     * @returns array{url: string, id: ?string}
+     * @return array{url: string, id: ?string}
      */
     public function logout(User $user): array
     {

app/Access/SocialAccount.php

@@ -5,18 +5,23 @@ namespace BookStack\Access;
 use BookStack\Activity\Models\Loggable;
 use BookStack\App\Model;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
 
 /**
- * Class SocialAccount.
- *
  * @property string $driver
  * @property User   $user
  */
 class SocialAccount extends Model implements Loggable
 {
-    protected $fillable = ['user_id', 'driver', 'driver_id', 'timestamps'];
+    use HasFactory;
 
-    public function user()
+    protected $fillable = ['user_id', 'driver', 'driver_id'];
+
+    /**
+     * @return BelongsTo<User, $this>
+     */
+    public function user(): BelongsTo
     {
         return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
     }

app/Access/SocialDriverManager.php

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class SocialDriverManager
 
     /**
      * Gets the names of the active social drivers, keyed by driver id.
-     * @returns array<string, string>
+     * @return array<string, string>
      */
     public function getActive(): array
     {

app/Activity/CommentRepo.php

@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ namespace BookStack\Activity;
 
 use BookStack\Activity\Models\Comment;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Entity;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\Page;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\NotifyException;
-use BookStack\Exceptions\PrettyException;
 use BookStack\Facades\Activity as ActivityService;
 use BookStack\Util\HtmlDescriptionFilter;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 
 class CommentRepo
 {
@@ -19,11 +20,46 @@ class CommentRepo
         return Comment::query()->findOrFail($id);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get a comment by ID, ensuring it is visible to the user based upon access to the page
+     * which the comment is attached to.
+     */
+    public function getVisibleById(int $id): Comment
+    {
+        return $this->getQueryForVisible()->findOrFail($id);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start a query for comments visible to the user.
+     * @return Builder<Comment>
+     */
+    public function getQueryForVisible(): Builder
+    {
+        return Comment::query()->scopes('visible');
+    }
+
     /**
      * Create a new comment on an entity.
      */
     public function create(Entity $entity, string $html, ?int $parentId, string $contentRef): Comment
     {
+        // Prevent comments being added to draft pages
+        if ($entity instanceof Page && $entity->draft) {
+            throw new \Exception(trans('errors.cannot_add_comment_to_draft'));
+        }
+
+        // Validate parent ID
+        if ($parentId !== null) {
+            $parentCommentExists = Comment::query()
+                ->where('commentable_id', '=', $entity->id)
+                ->where('commentable_type', '=', $entity->getMorphClass())
+                ->where('local_id', '=', $parentId)
+                ->exists();
+            if (!$parentCommentExists) {
+                $parentId = null;
+            }
+        }
+
         $userId = user()->id;
         $comment = new Comment();
 
@@ -38,6 +74,7 @@ class CommentRepo
         ActivityService::add(ActivityType::COMMENT_CREATE, $comment);
         ActivityService::add(ActivityType::COMMENTED_ON, $entity);
 
+        $comment->refresh()->unsetRelations();
         return $comment;
     }
 
@@ -59,7 +96,7 @@ class CommentRepo
     /**
      * Archive an existing comment.
      */
-    public function archive(Comment $comment): Comment
+    public function archive(Comment $comment, bool $log = true): Comment
     {
         if ($comment->parent_id) {
             throw new NotifyException('Only top-level comments can be archived.', '/', 400);
@@ -68,7 +105,9 @@ class CommentRepo
         $comment->archived = true;
         $comment->save();
 
-        ActivityService::add(ActivityType::COMMENT_UPDATE, $comment);
+        if ($log) {
+            ActivityService::add(ActivityType::COMMENT_UPDATE, $comment);
+        }
 
         return $comment;
     }
@@ -76,7 +115,7 @@ class CommentRepo
     /**
      * Un-archive an existing comment.
      */
-    public function unarchive(Comment $comment): Comment
+    public function unarchive(Comment $comment, bool $log = true): Comment
     {
         if ($comment->parent_id) {
             throw new NotifyException('Only top-level comments can be un-archived.', '/', 400);
@@ -85,7 +124,9 @@ class CommentRepo
         $comment->archived = false;
         $comment->save();
 
-        ActivityService::add(ActivityType::COMMENT_UPDATE, $comment);
+        if ($log) {
+            ActivityService::add(ActivityType::COMMENT_UPDATE, $comment);
+        }
 
         return $comment;
     }

app/Activity/Controllers/AuditLogApiController.php

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ namespace BookStack\Activity\Controllers;
 
 use BookStack\Activity\Models\Activity;
 use BookStack\Http\ApiController;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 
 class AuditLogApiController extends ApiController
 {
@@ -16,8 +17,8 @@ class AuditLogApiController extends ApiController
      */
     public function list()
     {
-        $this->checkPermission('settings-manage');
-        $this->checkPermission('users-manage');
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::SettingsManage);
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::UsersManage);
 
         $query = Activity::query()->with(['user']);
 

app/Activity/Controllers/AuditLogController.php

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ namespace BookStack\Activity\Controllers;
 use BookStack\Activity\ActivityType;
 use BookStack\Activity\Models\Activity;
 use BookStack\Http\Controller;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\Sorting\SortUrl;
 use BookStack\Util\SimpleListOptions;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
@@ -13,8 +14,8 @@ class AuditLogController extends Controller
 {
     public function index(Request $request)
     {
-        $this->checkPermission('settings-manage');
-        $this->checkPermission('users-manage');
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::SettingsManage);
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::UsersManage);
 
         $sort = $request->get('sort', 'activity_date');
         $order = $request->get('order', 'desc');

app/Activity/Controllers/CommentApiController.php

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace BookStack\Activity\Controllers;
+
+use BookStack\Activity\CommentRepo;
+use BookStack\Activity\Models\Comment;
+use BookStack\Entities\Queries\PageQueries;
+use BookStack\Http\ApiController;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
+use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;
+use Illuminate\Http\Request;
+use Illuminate\Http\Response;
+
+/**
+ * The comment data model has a 'local_id' property, which is a unique integer ID
+ * scoped to the page which the comment is on. The 'parent_id' is used for replies
+ * and refers to the 'local_id' of the parent comment on the same page, not the main
+ * globally unique 'id'.
+ *
+ * If you want to get all comments for a page in a tree-like structure, as reflected in
+ * the UI, then that is provided on pages-read API responses.
+ */
+class CommentApiController extends ApiController
+{
+    protected array $rules = [
+        'create' => [
+            'page_id' => ['required', 'integer'],
+            'reply_to' => ['nullable', 'integer'],
+            'html' => ['required', 'string'],
+            'content_ref' => ['string'],
+        ],
+        'update' => [
+            'html' => ['string'],
+            'archived' => ['boolean'],
+        ]
+    ];
+
+    public function __construct(
+        protected CommentRepo $commentRepo,
+        protected PageQueries $pageQueries,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a listing of comments visible to the user.
+     */
+    public function list(): JsonResponse
+    {
+        $query = $this->commentRepo->getQueryForVisible();
+
+        return $this->apiListingResponse($query, [
+            'id', 'commentable_id', 'commentable_type', 'parent_id', 'local_id', 'content_ref', 'created_by', 'updated_by', 'created_at', 'updated_at'
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new comment on a page.
+     * If commenting as a reply to an existing comment, the 'reply_to' parameter
+     * should be provided, set to the 'local_id' of the comment being replied to.
+     */
+    public function create(Request $request): JsonResponse
+    {
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::CommentCreateAll);
+
+        $input = $this->validate($request, $this->rules()['create']);
+        $page = $this->pageQueries->findVisibleByIdOrFail($input['page_id']);
+
+        $comment = $this->commentRepo->create(
+            $page,
+            $input['html'],
+            $input['reply_to'] ?? null,
+            $input['content_ref'] ?? '',
+        );
+
+        return response()->json($comment);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read the details of a single comment, along with its direct replies.
+     */
+    public function read(string $id): JsonResponse
+    {
+        $comment = $this->commentRepo->getVisibleById(intval($id));
+        $comment->load('createdBy', 'updatedBy');
+
+        $replies = $this->commentRepo->getQueryForVisible()
+            ->where('parent_id', '=', $comment->local_id)
+            ->where('commentable_id', '=', $comment->commentable_id)
+            ->where('commentable_type', '=', $comment->commentable_type)
+            ->get();
+
+        /** @var Comment[] $toProcess */
+        $toProcess = [$comment, ...$replies];
+        foreach ($toProcess as $commentToProcess) {
+            $commentToProcess->setAttribute('html', $commentToProcess->safeHtml());
+            $commentToProcess->makeVisible('html');
+        }
+
+        $comment->setRelation('replies', $replies);
+
+        return response()->json($comment);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Update the content or archived status of an existing comment.
+     *
+     * Only provide a new archived status if needing to actively change the archive state.
+     * Only top-level comments (non-replies) can be archived or unarchived.
+     */
+    public function update(Request $request, string $id): JsonResponse
+    {
+        $comment = $this->commentRepo->getVisibleById(intval($id));
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::CommentUpdate, $comment);
+
+        $input = $this->validate($request, $this->rules()['update']);
+        $hasHtml = isset($input['html']);
+
+        if (isset($input['archived'])) {
+            if ($input['archived']) {
+                $this->commentRepo->archive($comment, !$hasHtml);
+            } else {
+                $this->commentRepo->unarchive($comment, !$hasHtml);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($hasHtml) {
+            $comment = $this->commentRepo->update($comment, $input['html']);
+        }
+
+        return response()->json($comment);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Delete a single comment from the system.
+     */
+    public function delete(string $id): Response
+    {
+        $comment = $this->commentRepo->getVisibleById(intval($id));
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::CommentDelete, $comment);
+
+        $this->commentRepo->delete($comment);
+
+        return response('', 204);
+    }
+}

app/Activity/Controllers/CommentController.php

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use BookStack\Activity\Tools\CommentTree;
 use BookStack\Activity\Tools\CommentTreeNode;
 use BookStack\Entities\Queries\PageQueries;
 use BookStack\Http\Controller;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ class CommentController extends Controller
     /**
      * Save a new comment for a Page.
      *
-     * @throws ValidationException
+     * @throws ValidationException|\Exception
      */
     public function savePageComment(Request $request, int $pageId)
     {
@@ -36,13 +37,8 @@ class CommentController extends Controller
             return response('Not found', 404);
         }
 
-        // Prevent adding comments to draft pages
-        if ($page->draft) {
-            return $this->jsonError(trans('errors.cannot_add_comment_to_draft'), 400);
-        }
-
         // Create a new comment.
-        $this->checkPermission('comment-create-all');
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::CommentCreateAll);
         $contentRef = $input['content_ref'] ?? '';
         $comment = $this->commentRepo->create($page, $input['html'], $input['parent_id'] ?? null, $contentRef);
 
@@ -64,8 +60,8 @@ class CommentController extends Controller
         ]);
 
         $comment = $this->commentRepo->getById($commentId);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-view', $comment->entity);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('comment-update', $comment);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageView, $comment->entity);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::CommentUpdate, $comment);
 
         $comment = $this->commentRepo->update($comment, $input['html']);
 
@@ -81,8 +77,8 @@ class CommentController extends Controller
     public function archive(int $id)
     {
         $comment = $this->commentRepo->getById($id);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-view', $comment->entity);
-        if (!userCan('comment-update', $comment) && !userCan('comment-delete', $comment)) {
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageView, $comment->entity);
+        if (!userCan(Permission::CommentUpdate, $comment) && !userCan(Permission::CommentDelete, $comment)) {
             $this->showPermissionError();
         }
 
@@ -101,8 +97,8 @@ class CommentController extends Controller
     public function unarchive(int $id)
     {
         $comment = $this->commentRepo->getById($id);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-view', $comment->entity);
-        if (!userCan('comment-update', $comment) && !userCan('comment-delete', $comment)) {
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageView, $comment->entity);
+        if (!userCan(Permission::CommentUpdate, $comment) && !userCan(Permission::CommentDelete, $comment)) {
             $this->showPermissionError();
         }
 
@@ -121,7 +117,7 @@ class CommentController extends Controller
     public function destroy(int $id)
     {
         $comment = $this->commentRepo->getById($id);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('comment-delete', $comment);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::CommentDelete, $comment);
 
         $this->commentRepo->delete($comment);
 

app/Activity/Controllers/WatchController.php

@@ -5,13 +5,14 @@ namespace BookStack\Activity\Controllers;
 use BookStack\Activity\Tools\UserEntityWatchOptions;
 use BookStack\Entities\Tools\MixedEntityRequestHelper;
 use BookStack\Http\Controller;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 
 class WatchController extends Controller
 {
     public function update(Request $request, MixedEntityRequestHelper $entityHelper)
     {
-        $this->checkPermission('receive-notifications');
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::ReceiveNotifications);
         $this->preventGuestAccess();
 
         $requestData = $this->validate($request, array_merge([

app/Activity/Controllers/WebhookController.php

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use BookStack\Activity\ActivityType;
 use BookStack\Activity\Models\Webhook;
 use BookStack\Activity\Queries\WebhooksAllPaginatedAndSorted;
 use BookStack\Http\Controller;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\Util\SimpleListOptions;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ class WebhookController extends Controller
     public function __construct()
     {
         $this->middleware([
-            'can:settings-manage',
+            Permission::SettingsManage->middleware()
         ]);
     }
 

app/Activity/Models/Activity.php

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use BookStack\App\Model;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Entity;
 use BookStack\Permissions\Models\JointPermission;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphTo;
@@ -24,6 +25,8 @@ use Illuminate\Support\Str;
  */
 class Activity extends Model
 {
+    use HasFactory;
+
     /**
      * Get the loggable model related to this activity.
      * Currently only used for entities (previously entity_[id/type] columns).

app/Activity/Models/Comment.php

@@ -3,48 +3,68 @@
 namespace BookStack\Activity\Models;
 
 use BookStack\App\Model;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Models\JointPermission;
+use BookStack\Permissions\PermissionApplicator;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\HasCreatorAndUpdater;
+use BookStack\Users\Models\OwnableInterface;
 use BookStack\Util\HtmlContentFilter;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphTo;
 
 /**
  * @property int      $id
- * @property string   $text - Deprecated & now unused (#4821)
  * @property string   $html
  * @property int|null $parent_id  - Relates to local_id, not id
  * @property int      $local_id
- * @property string   $entity_type
- * @property int      $entity_id
- * @property int      $created_by
- * @property int      $updated_by
+ * @property string   $commentable_type
+ * @property int      $commentable_id
  * @property string   $content_ref
  * @property bool     $archived
  */
-class Comment extends Model implements Loggable
+class Comment extends Model implements Loggable, OwnableInterface
 {
     use HasFactory;
     use HasCreatorAndUpdater;
 
     protected $fillable = ['parent_id'];
+    protected $hidden = ['html'];
+
+    protected $casts = [
+        'archived' => 'boolean',
+    ];
 
     /**
      * Get the entity that this comment belongs to.
      */
     public function entity(): MorphTo
     {
-        return $this->morphTo('entity');
+        // We specifically define null here to avoid the different name (commentable)
+        // being used by Laravel eager loading instead of the method name, which it was doing
+        // in some scenarios like when deserialized when going through the queue system.
+        // So we instead specify the type and id column names to use.
+        // Related to:
+        // https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/24815
+        // https://github.com/laravel/framework/issues/27342
+        // https://github.com/laravel/framework/issues/47953
+        // (and probably more)
+
+        // Ultimately, we could just align the method name to 'commentable' but that would be a potential
+        // breaking change and not really worthwhile in a patch due to the risk of creating extra problems.
+        return $this->morphTo(null, 'commentable_type', 'commentable_id');
     }
 
     /**
      * Get the parent comment this is in reply to (if existing).
+     * @return BelongsTo<Comment, $this>
      */
     public function parent(): BelongsTo
     {
         return $this->belongsTo(Comment::class, 'parent_id', 'local_id', 'parent')
-            ->where('entity_type', '=', $this->entity_type)
-            ->where('entity_id', '=', $this->entity_id);
+            ->where('commentable_type', '=', $this->commentable_type)
+            ->where('commentable_id', '=', $this->commentable_id);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -57,11 +77,27 @@ class Comment extends Model implements Loggable
 
     public function logDescriptor(): string
     {
-        return "Comment #{$this->local_id} (ID: {$this->id}) for {$this->entity_type} (ID: {$this->entity_id})";
+        return "Comment #{$this->local_id} (ID: {$this->id}) for {$this->commentable_type} (ID: {$this->commentable_id})";
     }
 
     public function safeHtml(): string
     {
-        return HtmlContentFilter::removeScriptsFromHtmlString($this->html ?? '');
+        return HtmlContentFilter::removeActiveContentFromHtmlString($this->html ?? '');
+    }
+
+    public function jointPermissions(): HasMany
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(JointPermission::class, 'entity_id', 'commentable_id')
+            ->whereColumn('joint_permissions.entity_type', '=', 'comments.commentable_type');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Scope the query to just the comments visible to the user based upon the
+     * user visibility of what has been commented on.
+     */
+    public function scopeVisible(Builder $query): Builder
+    {
+        return app()->make(PermissionApplicator::class)
+            ->restrictEntityRelationQuery($query, 'comments', 'commentable_id', 'commentable_type');
     }
 }

app/Activity/Models/Favourite.php

@@ -4,11 +4,14 @@ namespace BookStack\Activity\Models;
 
 use BookStack\App\Model;
 use BookStack\Permissions\Models\JointPermission;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphTo;
 
 class Favourite extends Model
 {
+    use HasFactory;
+
     protected $fillable = ['user_id'];
 
     /**

app/Activity/Models/MentionHistory.php

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Activity\Models;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Support\Carbon;
+
+/**
+ * @property int $id
+ * @property string $mentionable_type
+ * @property int $mentionable_id
+ * @property int $from_user_id
+ * @property int $to_user_id
+ * @property Carbon $created_at
+ * @property Carbon $updated_at
+ */
+class MentionHistory extends Model
+{
+    protected $table = 'mention_history';
+}

app/Activity/Models/Watch.php

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ namespace BookStack\Activity\Models;
 use BookStack\Activity\WatchLevels;
 use BookStack\Permissions\Models\JointPermission;
 use Carbon\Carbon;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphTo;
@@ -20,6 +21,8 @@ use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphTo;
  */
 class Watch extends Model
 {
+    use HasFactory;
+
     protected $guarded = [];
 
     public function watchable(): MorphTo

app/Activity/Notifications/Handlers/BaseNotificationHandler.php

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ namespace BookStack\Activity\Notifications\Handlers;
 use BookStack\Activity\Models\Loggable;
 use BookStack\Activity\Notifications\Messages\BaseActivityNotification;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Entity;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\Permissions\PermissionApplicator;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ abstract class BaseNotificationHandler implements NotificationHandler
     {
         $users = User::query()->whereIn('id', array_unique($userIds))->get();
 
+        /** @var User $user */
         foreach ($users as $user) {
             // Prevent sending to the user that initiated the activity
             if ($user->id === $initiator->id) {
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ abstract class BaseNotificationHandler implements NotificationHandler
             }
 
             // Prevent sending of the user does not have notification permissions
-            if (!$user->can('receive-notifications')) {
+            if (!$user->can(Permission::ReceiveNotifications)) {
                 continue;
             }
 

app/Activity/Notifications/Handlers/CommentCreationNotificationHandler.php

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class CommentCreationNotificationHandler extends BaseNotificationHandler
         $watcherIds = $watchers->getWatcherUserIds();
 
         // Page owner if user preferences allow
-        if (!$watchers->isUserIgnoring($page->owned_by) && $page->ownedBy) {
+        if ($page->owned_by && !$watchers->isUserIgnoring($page->owned_by) && $page->ownedBy) {
             $userNotificationPrefs = new UserNotificationPreferences($page->ownedBy);
             if ($userNotificationPrefs->notifyOnOwnPageComments()) {
                 $watcherIds[] = $page->owned_by;
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class CommentCreationNotificationHandler extends BaseNotificationHandler
 
         // Parent comment creator if preferences allow
         $parentComment = $detail->parent()->first();
-        if ($parentComment && !$watchers->isUserIgnoring($parentComment->created_by) && $parentComment->createdBy) {
+        if ($parentComment && $parentComment->created_by && !$watchers->isUserIgnoring($parentComment->created_by) && $parentComment->createdBy) {
             $parentCommenterNotificationsPrefs = new UserNotificationPreferences($parentComment->createdBy);
             if ($parentCommenterNotificationsPrefs->notifyOnCommentReplies()) {
                 $watcherIds[] = $parentComment->created_by;

app/Activity/Notifications/Handlers/CommentMentionNotificationHandler.php

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Activity\Notifications\Handlers;
+
+use BookStack\Activity\ActivityType;
+use BookStack\Activity\Models\Activity;
+use BookStack\Activity\Models\Comment;
+use BookStack\Activity\Models\Loggable;
+use BookStack\Activity\Models\MentionHistory;
+use BookStack\Activity\Notifications\Messages\CommentMentionNotification;
+use BookStack\Activity\Tools\MentionParser;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\Page;
+use BookStack\Settings\UserNotificationPreferences;
+use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection;
+use Illuminate\Support\Carbon;
+
+class CommentMentionNotificationHandler extends BaseNotificationHandler
+{
+    public function handle(Activity $activity, Loggable|string $detail, User $user): void
+    {
+        if (!($detail instanceof Comment) || !($detail->entity instanceof Page)) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException("Detail for comment mention notifications must be a comment on a page");
+        }
+
+        /** @var Page $page */
+        $page = $detail->entity;
+
+        $parser = new MentionParser();
+        $mentionedUserIds = $parser->parseUserIdsFromHtml($detail->html);
+        $realMentionedUsers = User::whereIn('id', $mentionedUserIds)->get();
+
+        $receivingNotifications = $realMentionedUsers->filter(function (User $user) {
+            $prefs = new UserNotificationPreferences($user);
+            return $prefs->notifyOnCommentMentions();
+        });
+        $receivingNotificationsUserIds = $receivingNotifications->pluck('id')->toArray();
+
+        $userMentionsToLog = $realMentionedUsers;
+
+        // When an edit, we check our history to see if we've already notified the user about this comment before
+        // so that we can filter them out to avoid double notifications.
+        if ($activity->type === ActivityType::COMMENT_UPDATE) {
+            $previouslyNotifiedUserIds = $this->getPreviouslyNotifiedUserIds($detail);
+            $receivingNotificationsUserIds = array_values(array_diff($receivingNotificationsUserIds, $previouslyNotifiedUserIds));
+            $userMentionsToLog = $userMentionsToLog->filter(function (User $user) use ($previouslyNotifiedUserIds) {
+                return !in_array($user->id, $previouslyNotifiedUserIds);
+            });
+        }
+
+        $this->logMentions($userMentionsToLog, $detail, $user);
+        $this->sendNotificationToUserIds(CommentMentionNotification::class, $receivingNotificationsUserIds, $user, $detail, $page);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param Collection<User> $mentionedUsers
+     */
+    protected function logMentions(Collection $mentionedUsers, Comment $comment, User $fromUser): void
+    {
+        $mentions = [];
+        $now = Carbon::now();
+
+        foreach ($mentionedUsers as $mentionedUser) {
+            $mentions[] = [
+                'mentionable_type' => $comment->getMorphClass(),
+                'mentionable_id' => $comment->id,
+                'from_user_id' => $fromUser->id,
+                'to_user_id' => $mentionedUser->id,
+                'created_at' => $now,
+                'updated_at' => $now,
+            ];
+        }
+
+        MentionHistory::query()->insert($mentions);
+    }
+
+    protected function getPreviouslyNotifiedUserIds(Comment $comment): array
+    {
+        return MentionHistory::query()
+            ->where('mentionable_id', $comment->id)
+            ->where('mentionable_type', $comment->getMorphClass())
+            ->pluck('to_user_id')
+            ->toArray();
+    }
+}

app/Activity/Notifications/Handlers/PageUpdateNotificationHandler.php

@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ class PageUpdateNotificationHandler extends BaseNotificationHandler
         $watchers = new EntityWatchers($detail, WatchLevels::UPDATES);
         $watcherIds = $watchers->getWatcherUserIds();
 
-        // Add page owner if preferences allow
-        if (!$watchers->isUserIgnoring($detail->owned_by) && $detail->ownedBy) {
+        // Add the page owner if preferences allow
+        if ($detail->owned_by && !$watchers->isUserIgnoring($detail->owned_by) && $detail->ownedBy) {
             $userNotificationPrefs = new UserNotificationPreferences($detail->ownedBy);
             if ($userNotificationPrefs->notifyOnOwnPageChanges()) {
                 $watcherIds[] = $detail->owned_by;

app/Activity/Notifications/Messages/CommentMentionNotification.php

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Activity\Notifications\Messages;
+
+use BookStack\Activity\Models\Comment;
+use BookStack\Activity\Notifications\MessageParts\EntityLinkMessageLine;
+use BookStack\Activity\Notifications\MessageParts\ListMessageLine;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\Page;
+use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Notifications\Messages\MailMessage;
+
+class CommentMentionNotification extends BaseActivityNotification
+{
+    public function toMail(User $notifiable): MailMessage
+    {
+        /** @var Comment $comment */
+        $comment = $this->detail;
+        /** @var Page $page */
+        $page = $comment->entity;
+
+        $locale = $notifiable->getLocale();
+
+        $listLines = array_filter([
+            $locale->trans('notifications.detail_page_name') => new EntityLinkMessageLine($page),
+            $locale->trans('notifications.detail_page_path') => $this->buildPagePathLine($page, $notifiable),
+            $locale->trans('notifications.detail_commenter') => $this->user->name,
+            $locale->trans('notifications.detail_comment') => strip_tags($comment->html),
+        ]);
+
+        return $this->newMailMessage($locale)
+            ->subject($locale->trans('notifications.comment_mention_subject', ['pageName' => $page->getShortName()]))
+            ->line($locale->trans('notifications.comment_mention_intro', ['appName' => setting('app-name')]))
+            ->line(new ListMessageLine($listLines))
+            ->action($locale->trans('notifications.action_view_comment'), $page->getUrl('#comment' . $comment->local_id))
+            ->line($this->buildReasonFooterLine($locale));
+    }
+}

app/Activity/Notifications/NotificationManager.php

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use BookStack\Activity\ActivityType;
 use BookStack\Activity\Models\Activity;
 use BookStack\Activity\Models\Loggable;
 use BookStack\Activity\Notifications\Handlers\CommentCreationNotificationHandler;
+use BookStack\Activity\Notifications\Handlers\CommentMentionNotificationHandler;
 use BookStack\Activity\Notifications\Handlers\NotificationHandler;
 use BookStack\Activity\Notifications\Handlers\PageCreationNotificationHandler;
 use BookStack\Activity\Notifications\Handlers\PageUpdateNotificationHandler;
@@ -48,5 +49,7 @@ class NotificationManager
         $this->registerHandler(ActivityType::PAGE_CREATE, PageCreationNotificationHandler::class);
         $this->registerHandler(ActivityType::PAGE_UPDATE, PageUpdateNotificationHandler::class);
         $this->registerHandler(ActivityType::COMMENT_CREATE, CommentCreationNotificationHandler::class);
+        $this->registerHandler(ActivityType::COMMENT_CREATE, CommentMentionNotificationHandler::class);
+        $this->registerHandler(ActivityType::COMMENT_UPDATE, CommentMentionNotificationHandler::class);
     }
 }

app/Activity/Tools/CommentTree.php

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ namespace BookStack\Activity\Tools;
 
 use BookStack\Activity\Models\Comment;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Page;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 
 class CommentTree
 {
@@ -12,6 +13,11 @@ class CommentTree
      * @var CommentTreeNode[]
      */
     protected array $tree;
+
+    /**
+     * A linear array of loaded comments.
+     * @var Comment[]
+     */
     protected array $comments;
 
     public function __construct(
@@ -38,7 +44,7 @@ class CommentTree
 
     public function getActive(): array
     {
-        return array_filter($this->tree, fn (CommentTreeNode $node) => !$node->comment->archived);
+        return array_values(array_filter($this->tree, fn (CommentTreeNode $node) => !$node->comment->archived));
     }
 
     public function activeThreadCount(): int
@@ -48,7 +54,7 @@ class CommentTree
 
     public function getArchived(): array
     {
-        return array_filter($this->tree, fn (CommentTreeNode $node) => $node->comment->archived);
+        return array_values(array_filter($this->tree, fn (CommentTreeNode $node) => $node->comment->archived));
     }
 
     public function archivedThreadCount(): int
@@ -70,7 +76,7 @@ class CommentTree
     public function canUpdateAny(): bool
     {
         foreach ($this->comments as $comment) {
-            if (userCan('comment-update', $comment)) {
+            if (userCan(Permission::CommentUpdate, $comment)) {
                 return true;
             }
         }
@@ -78,6 +84,14 @@ class CommentTree
         return false;
     }
 
+    public function loadVisibleHtml(): void
+    {
+        foreach ($this->comments as $comment) {
+            $comment->setAttribute('html', $comment->safeHtml());
+            $comment->makeVisible('html');
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * @param Comment[] $comments
      * @return CommentTreeNode[]
@@ -122,6 +136,9 @@ class CommentTree
         return new CommentTreeNode($byId[$id], $depth, $children);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return Comment[]
+     */
     protected function loadComments(): array
     {
         if (!$this->enabled()) {

app/Activity/Tools/MentionParser.php

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Activity\Tools;
+
+use BookStack\Util\HtmlDocument;
+use DOMElement;
+
+class MentionParser
+{
+    public function parseUserIdsFromHtml(string $html): array
+    {
+        $doc = new HtmlDocument($html);
+
+        $ids = [];
+        $mentionLinks = $doc->queryXPath('//a[@data-mention-user-id]');
+
+        foreach ($mentionLinks as $link) {
+            if ($link instanceof DOMElement) {
+                $id = intval($link->getAttribute('data-mention-user-id'));
+                if ($id > 0) {
+                    $ids[] = $id;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return array_values(array_unique($ids));
+    }
+}

app/Activity/Tools/TagClassGenerator.php

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use BookStack\Activity\Models\Tag;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\BookChild;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Entity;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Page;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 
 class TagClassGenerator
 {
@@ -26,14 +27,14 @@ class TagClassGenerator
              array_push($classes, ...$this->generateClassesForTag($tag));
         }
 
-        if ($this->entity instanceof BookChild && userCan('view', $this->entity->book)) {
+        if ($this->entity instanceof BookChild && userCan(Permission::BookView, $this->entity->book)) {
             $bookTags = $this->entity->book->tags;
             foreach ($bookTags as $bookTag) {
                  array_push($classes, ...$this->generateClassesForTag($bookTag, 'book-'));
             }
         }
 
-        if ($this->entity instanceof Page && $this->entity->chapter && userCan('view', $this->entity->chapter)) {
+        if ($this->entity instanceof Page && $this->entity->chapter && userCan(Permission::ChapterView, $this->entity->chapter)) {
             $chapterTags = $this->entity->chapter->tags;
             foreach ($chapterTags as $chapterTag) {
                  array_push($classes, ...$this->generateClassesForTag($chapterTag, 'chapter-'));

app/Activity/Tools/UserEntityWatchOptions.php

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use BookStack\Activity\WatchLevels;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\BookChild;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Entity;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Page;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ class UserEntityWatchOptions
 
     public function canWatch(): bool
     {
-        return $this->user->can('receive-notifications') && !$this->user->isGuest();
+        return $this->user->can(Permission::ReceiveNotifications) && !$this->user->isGuest();
     }
 
     public function getWatchLevel(): string

app/Activity/WatchLevels.php

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class WatchLevels
 
     /**
      * Get all the possible values as an option_name => value array.
-     * @returns array<string, int>
+     * @return array<string, int>
      */
     public static function all(): array
     {
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class WatchLevels
 
     /**
      * Get the watch options suited for the given entity.
-     * @returns array<string, int>
+     * @return array<string, int>
      */
     public static function allSuitedFor(Entity $entity): array
     {

app/Api/ApiDocsGenerator.php

@@ -83,11 +83,19 @@ class ApiDocsGenerator
     protected function loadDetailsFromControllers(Collection $routes): Collection
     {
         return $routes->map(function (array $route) {
+            $class = $this->getReflectionClass($route['controller']);
             $method = $this->getReflectionMethod($route['controller'], $route['controller_method']);
             $comment = $method->getDocComment();
-            $route['description'] = $comment ? $this->parseDescriptionFromMethodComment($comment) : null;
+            $route['description'] = $comment ? $this->parseDescriptionFromDocBlockComment($comment) : null;
             $route['body_params'] = $this->getBodyParamsFromClass($route['controller'], $route['controller_method']);
 
+            // Load class description for the model
+            // Not ideal to have it here on each route, but adding it in a more structured manner would break
+            // docs resulting JSON format and therefore be an API break.
+            // Save refactoring for a more significant set of changes.
+            $classComment = $class->getDocComment();
+            $route['model_description'] = $classComment ? $this->parseDescriptionFromDocBlockComment($classComment) : null;
+
             return $route;
         });
     }
@@ -140,7 +148,7 @@ class ApiDocsGenerator
     /**
      * Parse out the description text from a class method comment.
      */
-    protected function parseDescriptionFromMethodComment(string $comment): string
+    protected function parseDescriptionFromDocBlockComment(string $comment): string
     {
         $matches = [];
         preg_match_all('/^\s*?\*\s?($|((?![\/@\s]).*?))$/m', $comment, $matches);
@@ -155,6 +163,16 @@ class ApiDocsGenerator
      * @throws ReflectionException
      */
     protected function getReflectionMethod(string $className, string $methodName): ReflectionMethod
+    {
+        return $this->getReflectionClass($className)->getMethod($methodName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a reflection class from the given class name.
+     *
+     * @throws ReflectionException
+     */
+    protected function getReflectionClass(string $className): ReflectionClass
     {
         $class = $this->reflectionClasses[$className] ?? null;
         if ($class === null) {
@@ -162,7 +180,7 @@ class ApiDocsGenerator
             $this->reflectionClasses[$className] = $class;
         }
 
-        return $class->getMethod($methodName);
+        return $class;
     }
 
     /**

app/Api/ApiTokenGuard.php

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ namespace BookStack\Api;
 
 use BookStack\Access\LoginService;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\ApiAuthException;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use Illuminate\Auth\GuardHelpers;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Guard;
@@ -146,7 +147,7 @@ class ApiTokenGuard implements Guard
             throw new ApiAuthException(trans('errors.api_user_token_expired'), 403);
         }
 
-        if (!$token->user->can('access-api')) {
+        if (!$token->user->can(Permission::AccessApi)) {
             throw new ApiAuthException(trans('errors.api_user_no_api_permission'), 403);
         }
     }

app/Api/UserApiTokenController.php

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ namespace BookStack\Api;
 
 use BookStack\Activity\ActivityType;
 use BookStack\Http\Controller;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;
@@ -16,8 +17,8 @@ class UserApiTokenController extends Controller
      */
     public function create(Request $request, int $userId)
     {
-        $this->checkPermission('access-api');
-        $this->checkPermissionOrCurrentUser('users-manage', $userId);
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::AccessApi);
+        $this->checkPermissionOrCurrentUser(Permission::UsersManage, $userId);
         $this->updateContext($request);
 
         $user = User::query()->findOrFail($userId);
@@ -35,8 +36,8 @@ class UserApiTokenController extends Controller
      */
     public function store(Request $request, int $userId)
     {
-        $this->checkPermission('access-api');
-        $this->checkPermissionOrCurrentUser('users-manage', $userId);
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::AccessApi);
+        $this->checkPermissionOrCurrentUser(Permission::UsersManage, $userId);
 
         $this->validate($request, [
             'name'       => ['required', 'max:250'],
@@ -143,8 +144,8 @@ class UserApiTokenController extends Controller
      */
     protected function checkPermissionAndFetchUserToken(int $userId, int $tokenId): array
     {
-        $this->checkPermissionOr('users-manage', function () use ($userId) {
-            return $userId === user()->id && userCan('access-api');
+        $this->checkPermissionOr(Permission::UsersManage, function () use ($userId) {
+            return $userId === user()->id && userCan(Permission::AccessApi);
         });
 
         $user = User::query()->findOrFail($userId);

app/App/HomeController.php

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class HomeController extends Controller
         if ($homepageOption === 'bookshelves') {
             $shelves = $this->queries->shelves->visibleForListWithCover()
                 ->orderBy($commonData['listOptions']->getSort(), $commonData['listOptions']->getOrder())
-                ->paginate(18);
+                ->paginate(setting()->getInteger('lists-page-count-shelves', 18, 1, 1000));
             $data = array_merge($commonData, ['shelves' => $shelves]);
 
             return view('home.shelves', $data);
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class HomeController extends Controller
         if ($homepageOption === 'books') {
             $books = $this->queries->books->visibleForListWithCover()
                 ->orderBy($commonData['listOptions']->getSort(), $commonData['listOptions']->getOrder())
-                ->paginate(18);
+                ->paginate(setting()->getInteger('lists-page-count-books', 18, 1, 1000));
             $data = array_merge($commonData, ['books' => $books]);
 
             return view('home.books', $data);

app/App/Model.php

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ class Model extends EloquentModel
 {
     /**
      * Provides public access to get the raw attribute value from the model.
-     * Used in areas where no mutations are required but performance is critical.
+     * Used in areas where no mutations are required, but performance is critical.
      *
      * @return mixed
      */

app/App/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 namespace BookStack\App\Providers;
 
 use BookStack\Access\SocialDriverManager;
+use BookStack\Activity\Models\Comment;
 use BookStack\Activity\Tools\ActivityLogger;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Book;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Bookshelf;
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@ class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
             'book'      => Book::class,
             'chapter'   => Chapter::class,
             'page'      => Page::class,
+            'comment'   => Comment::class,
         ]);
     }
 }

app/App/Providers/AuthServiceProvider.php

@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ class AuthServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
      */
     public function register(): void
     {
-        Auth::provider('external-users', function ($app, array $config) {
-            return new ExternalBaseUserProvider($config['model']);
+        Auth::provider('external-users', function () {
+            return new ExternalBaseUserProvider();
         });
 
         // Bind and provide the default system user as a singleton to the app instance when needed.

app/App/Providers/EventServiceProvider.php

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class EventServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
     /**
      * The event listener mappings for the application.
      *
-     * @var array<class-string, array<int, class-string>>
+     * @var array<class-string, array<int, string>>
      */
     protected $listen = [
         SocialiteWasCalled::class => [

app/App/Providers/ViewTweaksServiceProvider.php

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 namespace BookStack\App\Providers;
 
 use BookStack\Entities\BreadcrumbsViewComposer;
+use BookStack\Util\DateFormatter;
 use Illuminate\Pagination\Paginator;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Blade;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\View;
@@ -10,6 +11,15 @@ use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
 
 class ViewTweaksServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
 {
+    public function register()
+    {
+        $this->app->singleton(DateFormatter::class, function ($app) {
+            return new DateFormatter(
+                $app['config']->get('app.display_timezone'),
+            );
+        });
+    }
+
     /**
      * Bootstrap services.
      */
@@ -21,6 +31,9 @@ class ViewTweaksServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
         // View Composers
         View::composer('entities.breadcrumbs', BreadcrumbsViewComposer::class);
 
+        // View Globals
+        View::share('dates', $this->app->make(DateFormatter::class));
+
         // Custom blade view directives
         Blade::directive('icon', function ($expression) {
             return "<?php echo (new \BookStack\Util\SvgIcon($expression))->toHtml(); ?>";

app/App/Sluggable.php

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace BookStack\App;
-
-/**
- * Assigned to models that can have slugs.
- * Must have the below properties.
- *
- * @property int    $id
- * @property string $name
- */
-interface Sluggable
-{
-    /**
-     * Regenerate the slug for this model.
-     */
-    public function refreshSlug(): string;
-}

app/App/SluggableInterface.php

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\App;
+
+/**
+ * Assigned to models that can have slugs.
+ * Must have the below properties.
+ *
+ * @property string $slug
+ */
+interface SluggableInterface
+{
+}

app/App/helpers.php

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 use BookStack\App\AppVersion;
 use BookStack\App\Model;
 use BookStack\Facades\Theme;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\Permissions\PermissionApplicator;
 use BookStack\Settings\SettingService;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ function user(): User
  * Check if the current user has a permission. If an ownable element
  * is passed in the jointPermissions are checked against that particular item.
  */
-function userCan(string $permission, ?Model $ownable = null): bool
+function userCan(string|Permission $permission, ?Model $ownable = null): bool
 {
     if (is_null($ownable)) {
         return user()->can($permission);
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ function userCan(string $permission, ?Model $ownable = null): bool
  * Check if the current user can perform the given action on any items in the system.
  * Can be provided the class name of an entity to filter ability to that specific entity type.
  */
-function userCanOnAny(string $action, string $entityClass = ''): bool
+function userCanOnAny(string|Permission $action, string $entityClass = ''): bool
 {
     $permissions = app()->make(PermissionApplicator::class);
 

app/Config/app.php

@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ return [
     // A list of the sources/hostnames that can be reached by application SSR calls.
     // This is used wherever users can provide URLs/hosts in-platform, like for webhooks.
     // Host-specific functionality (usually controlled via other options) like auth
-    // or user avatars for example, won't use this list.
-    // Space seperated if multiple. Can use '*' as a wildcard.
+    // or user avatars, for example, won't use this list.
+    // Space separated if multiple. Can use '*' as a wildcard.
     // Values will be compared prefix-matched, case-insensitive, against called SSR urls.
     // Defaults to allow all hosts.
     'ssr_hosts' => env('ALLOWED_SSR_HOSTS', '*'),
@@ -80,8 +80,10 @@ return [
     // Integer value between 0 (IP hidden) to 4 (Full IP usage)
     'ip_address_precision' => env('IP_ADDRESS_PRECISION', 4),
 
-    // Application timezone for back-end date functions.
+    // Application timezone for stored date/time values.
     'timezone' => env('APP_TIMEZONE', 'UTC'),
+    // Application timezone for displayed date/time values in the UI.
+    'display_timezone' => env('APP_DISPLAY_TIMEZONE', env('APP_TIMEZONE', 'UTC')),
 
     // Default locale to use
     // A default variant is also stored since Laravel can overwrite

app/Config/cache.php

@@ -85,6 +85,6 @@ return [
     |
     */
 
-    'prefix' => env('CACHE_PREFIX', Str::slug(env('APP_NAME', 'laravel'), '_') . '_cache_'),
+    'prefix' => env('CACHE_PREFIX', 'bookstack_cache_'),
 
 ];

app/Config/database.php

@@ -75,13 +75,14 @@ return [
             'collation'      => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
             // Prefixes are only semi-supported and may be unstable
             // since they are not tested as part of our automated test suite.
-            // If used, the prefix should not be changed otherwise you will likely receive errors.
+            // If used, the prefix should not be changed; otherwise you will likely receive errors.
             'prefix'         => env('DB_TABLE_PREFIX', ''),
             'prefix_indexes' => true,
             'strict'         => false,
             'engine'         => null,
             'options'        => extension_loaded('pdo_mysql') ? array_filter([
-                PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA => env('MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA'),
+                // @phpstan-ignore class.notFound
+                (PHP_VERSION_ID >= 80500 ? \Pdo\Mysql::ATTR_SSL_CA : \PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA) => env('MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA'),
             ]) : [],
         ],
 
@@ -103,9 +104,7 @@ return [
     ],
 
     // Migration Repository Table
-    // This table keeps track of all the migrations that have already run for
-    // your application. Using this information, we can determine which of
-    // the migrations on disk haven't actually been run in the database.
+    // This table keeps track of all the migrations that have already run for the application.
     'migrations' => 'migrations',
 
     // Redis configuration to use if set

app/Config/filesystems.php

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 return [
 
     // Default Filesystem Disk
-    // Options: local, local_secure, s3
+    // Options: local, local_secure, local_secure_restricted, s3
     'default' => env('STORAGE_TYPE', 'local'),
 
     // Filesystem to use specifically for image uploads.

app/Config/setting-defaults.php

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ return [
         'bookshelves_view_type' => env('APP_VIEWS_BOOKSHELVES', 'grid'),
         'bookshelf_view_type'   => env('APP_VIEWS_BOOKSHELF', 'grid'),
         'books_view_type'       => env('APP_VIEWS_BOOKS', 'grid'),
+        'notifications#comment-mentions' => true,
     ],
 
 ];

app/Console/Commands/CreateAdminCommand.php

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ use Illuminate\Console\Command;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Validator;
 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 use Illuminate\Validation\Rules\Password;
-use Illuminate\Validation\Rules\Unique;
 
 class CreateAdminCommand extends Command
 {
@@ -21,7 +20,9 @@ class CreateAdminCommand extends Command
                             {--email= : The email address for the new admin user}
                             {--name= : The name of the new admin user}
                             {--password= : The password to assign to the new admin user}
-                            {--external-auth-id= : The external authentication system id for the new admin user (SAML2/LDAP/OIDC)}';
+                            {--external-auth-id= : The external authentication system id for the new admin user (SAML2/LDAP/OIDC)}
+                            {--generate-password : Generate a random password for the new admin user}
+                            {--initial : Indicate if this should set/update the details of the initial admin user}';
 
     /**
      * The console command description.
@@ -35,26 +36,12 @@ class CreateAdminCommand extends Command
      */
     public function handle(UserRepo $userRepo): int
     {
-        $details = $this->snakeCaseOptions();
-
-        if (empty($details['email'])) {
-            $details['email'] = $this->ask('Please specify an email address for the new admin user');
-        }
-
-        if (empty($details['name'])) {
-            $details['name'] = $this->ask('Please specify a name for the new admin user');
-        }
-
-        if (empty($details['password'])) {
-            if (empty($details['external_auth_id'])) {
-                $details['password'] = $this->ask('Please specify a password for the new admin user (8 characters min)');
-            } else {
-                $details['password'] = Str::random(32);
-            }
-        }
+        $initialAdminOnly = $this->option('initial');
+        $shouldGeneratePassword = $this->option('generate-password');
+        $details = $this->gatherDetails($shouldGeneratePassword, $initialAdminOnly);
 
         $validator = Validator::make($details, [
-            'email'            => ['required', 'email', 'min:5', new Unique('users', 'email')],
+            'email'            => ['required', 'email', 'min:5'],
             'name'             => ['required', 'min:2'],
             'password'         => ['required_without:external_auth_id', Password::default()],
             'external_auth_id' => ['required_without:password'],
@@ -68,16 +55,101 @@ class CreateAdminCommand extends Command
             return 1;
         }
 
+        $adminRole = Role::getSystemRole('admin');
+
+        if ($initialAdminOnly) {
+            $handled = $this->handleInitialAdminIfExists($userRepo, $details, $shouldGeneratePassword, $adminRole);
+            if ($handled !== null) {
+                return $handled;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $emailUsed = $userRepo->getByEmail($details['email']) !== null;
+        if ($emailUsed) {
+            $this->error("Could not create admin account.");
+            $this->error("An account with the email address \"{$details['email']}\" already exists.");
+            return 1;
+        }
+
         $user = $userRepo->createWithoutActivity($validator->validated());
-        $user->attachRole(Role::getSystemRole('admin'));
+        $user->attachRole($adminRole);
         $user->email_confirmed = true;
         $user->save();
 
-        $this->info("Admin account with email \"{$user->email}\" successfully created!");
+        if ($shouldGeneratePassword) {
+            $this->line($details['password']);
+        } else {
+            $this->info("Admin account with email \"{$user->email}\" successfully created!");
+        }
 
         return 0;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Handle updates to the original admin account if it exists.
+     * Returns an int return status if handled, otherwise returns null if not handled (new user to be created).
+     */
+    protected function handleInitialAdminIfExists(UserRepo $userRepo, array $data, bool $generatePassword, Role $adminRole): int|null
+    {
+        $defaultAdmin = $userRepo->getByEmail('admin@admin.com');
+        if ($defaultAdmin && $defaultAdmin->hasSystemRole('admin')) {
+            if ($defaultAdmin->email !== $data['email'] && $userRepo->getByEmail($data['email']) !== null) {
+                $this->error("Could not create admin account.");
+                $this->error("An account with the email address \"{$data['email']}\" already exists.");
+                return 1;
+            }
+
+            $userRepo->updateWithoutActivity($defaultAdmin, $data, true);
+            if ($generatePassword) {
+                $this->line($data['password']);
+            } else {
+                $this->info("The default admin user has been updated with the provided details!");
+            }
+
+            return 0;
+        } else if ($adminRole->users()->count() > 0) {
+            $this->warn('Non-default admin user already exists. Skipping creation of new admin user.');
+            return 2;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    protected function gatherDetails(bool $generatePassword, bool $initialAdmin): array
+    {
+        $details = $this->snakeCaseOptions();
+
+        if (empty($details['email'])) {
+            if ($initialAdmin) {
+                $details['email'] = 'admin@example.com';
+            } else {
+                $details['email'] = $this->ask('Please specify an email address for the new admin user');
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (empty($details['name'])) {
+            if ($initialAdmin) {
+                $details['name'] = 'Admin';
+            } else {
+                $details['name'] = $this->ask('Please specify a name for the new admin user');
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (empty($details['password'])) {
+            if (empty($details['external_auth_id'])) {
+                if ($generatePassword) {
+                    $details['password'] = Str::random(32);
+                } else {
+                    $details['password'] = $this->ask('Please specify a password for the new admin user (8 characters min)');
+                }
+            } else {
+                $details['password'] = Str::random(32);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $details;
+    }
+
     protected function snakeCaseOptions(): array
     {
         $returnOpts = [];

app/Console/Commands/UpdateUrlCommand.php

@@ -45,14 +45,12 @@ class UpdateUrlCommand extends Command
 
         $columnsToUpdateByTable = [
             'attachments' => ['path'],
-            'pages'       => ['html', 'text', 'markdown'],
-            'chapters'    => ['description_html'],
-            'books'       => ['description_html'],
-            'bookshelves' => ['description_html'],
+            'entity_page_data' => ['html', 'text', 'markdown'],
+            'entity_container_data' => ['description_html'],
             'page_revisions' => ['html', 'text', 'markdown'],
             'images'      => ['url'],
             'settings'    => ['value'],
-            'comments'    => ['html', 'text'],
+            'comments'    => ['html'],
         ];
 
         foreach ($columnsToUpdateByTable as $table => $columns) {

app/Entities/Controllers/BookApiController.php

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Queries\PageQueries;
 use BookStack\Entities\Repos\BookRepo;
 use BookStack\Entities\Tools\BookContents;
 use BookStack\Http\ApiController;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
 
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ class BookApiController extends ApiController
      */
     public function create(Request $request)
     {
-        $this->checkPermission('book-create-all');
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::BookCreateAll);
         $requestData = $this->validate($request, $this->rules()['create']);
 
         $book = $this->bookRepo->create($requestData);
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ class BookApiController extends ApiController
 
     /**
      * View the details of a single book.
-     * The response data will contain 'content' property listing the chapter and pages directly within, in
+     * The response data will contain a 'content' property listing the chapter and pages directly within, in
      * the same structure as you'd see within the BookStack interface when viewing a book. Top-level
      * contents will have a 'type' property to distinguish between pages & chapters.
      */
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ class BookApiController extends ApiController
     public function update(Request $request, string $id)
     {
         $book = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail(intval($id));
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('book-update', $book);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookUpdate, $book);
 
         $requestData = $this->validate($request, $this->rules()['update']);
         $book = $this->bookRepo->update($book, $requestData);
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ class BookApiController extends ApiController
     public function delete(string $id)
     {
         $book = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail(intval($id));
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('book-delete', $book);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookDelete, $book);
 
         $this->bookRepo->destroy($book);
 
@@ -121,9 +122,10 @@ class BookApiController extends ApiController
         $book = clone $book;
         $book->unsetRelations()->refresh();
 
-        $book->load(['tags', 'cover']);
-        $book->makeVisible('description_html')
-            ->setAttribute('description_html', $book->descriptionHtml());
+        $book->load(['tags']);
+        $book->makeVisible(['cover', 'description_html'])
+            ->setAttribute('description_html', $book->descriptionInfo()->getHtml())
+            ->setAttribute('cover', $book->coverInfo()->getImage());
 
         return $book;
     }

app/Entities/Controllers/BookController.php

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use BookStack\Activity\Models\View;
 use BookStack\Activity\Tools\UserEntityWatchOptions;
 use BookStack\Entities\Queries\BookQueries;
 use BookStack\Entities\Queries\BookshelfQueries;
+use BookStack\Entities\Queries\EntityQueries;
 use BookStack\Entities\Repos\BookRepo;
 use BookStack\Entities\Tools\BookContents;
 use BookStack\Entities\Tools\Cloner;
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ use BookStack\Exceptions\ImageUploadException;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
 use BookStack\Facades\Activity;
 use BookStack\Http\Controller;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\References\ReferenceFetcher;
 use BookStack\Util\DatabaseTransaction;
 use BookStack\Util\SimpleListOptions;
@@ -30,6 +32,7 @@ class BookController extends Controller
         protected ShelfContext $shelfContext,
         protected BookRepo $bookRepo,
         protected BookQueries $queries,
+        protected EntityQueries $entityQueries,
         protected BookshelfQueries $shelfQueries,
         protected ReferenceFetcher $referenceFetcher,
     ) {
@@ -49,7 +52,7 @@ class BookController extends Controller
 
         $books = $this->queries->visibleForListWithCover()
             ->orderBy($listOptions->getSort(), $listOptions->getOrder())
-            ->paginate(18);
+            ->paginate(setting()->getInteger('lists-page-count-books', 18, 1, 1000));
         $recents = $this->isSignedIn() ? $this->queries->recentlyViewedForCurrentUser()->take(4)->get() : false;
         $popular = $this->queries->popularForList()->take(4)->get();
         $new = $this->queries->visibleForList()->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')->take(4)->get();
@@ -73,12 +76,12 @@ class BookController extends Controller
      */
     public function create(?string $shelfSlug = null)
     {
-        $this->checkPermission('book-create-all');
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::BookCreateAll);
 
         $bookshelf = null;
         if ($shelfSlug !== null) {
             $bookshelf = $this->shelfQueries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($shelfSlug);
-            $this->checkOwnablePermission('bookshelf-update', $bookshelf);
+            $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookshelfUpdate, $bookshelf);
         }
 
         $this->setPageTitle(trans('entities.books_create'));
@@ -96,7 +99,7 @@ class BookController extends Controller
      */
     public function store(Request $request, ?string $shelfSlug = null)
     {
-        $this->checkPermission('book-create-all');
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::BookCreateAll);
         $validated = $this->validate($request, [
             'name'                => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],
             'description_html'    => ['string', 'max:2000'],
@@ -108,7 +111,7 @@ class BookController extends Controller
         $bookshelf = null;
         if ($shelfSlug !== null) {
             $bookshelf = $this->shelfQueries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($shelfSlug);
-            $this->checkOwnablePermission('bookshelf-update', $bookshelf);
+            $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookshelfUpdate, $bookshelf);
         }
 
         $book = $this->bookRepo->create($validated);
@@ -126,7 +129,16 @@ class BookController extends Controller
      */
     public function show(Request $request, ActivityQueries $activities, string $slug)
     {
-        $book = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($slug);
+        try {
+            $book = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($slug);
+        } catch (NotFoundException $exception) {
+            $book = $this->entityQueries->findVisibleByOldSlugs('book', $slug);
+            if (is_null($book)) {
+                throw $exception;
+            }
+            return redirect($book->getUrl());
+        }
+
         $bookChildren = (new BookContents($book))->getTree(true);
         $bookParentShelves = $book->shelves()->scopes('visible')->get();
 
@@ -154,7 +166,7 @@ class BookController extends Controller
     public function edit(string $slug)
     {
         $book = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($slug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('book-update', $book);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookUpdate, $book);
         $this->setPageTitle(trans('entities.books_edit_named', ['bookName' => $book->getShortName()]));
 
         return view('books.edit', ['book' => $book, 'current' => $book]);
@@ -170,7 +182,7 @@ class BookController extends Controller
     public function update(Request $request, string $slug)
     {
         $book = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($slug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('book-update', $book);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookUpdate, $book);
 
         $validated = $this->validate($request, [
             'name'                => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],
@@ -197,7 +209,7 @@ class BookController extends Controller
     public function showDelete(string $bookSlug)
     {
         $book = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($bookSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('book-delete', $book);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookDelete, $book);
         $this->setPageTitle(trans('entities.books_delete_named', ['bookName' => $book->getShortName()]));
 
         return view('books.delete', ['book' => $book, 'current' => $book]);
@@ -211,7 +223,7 @@ class BookController extends Controller
     public function destroy(string $bookSlug)
     {
         $book = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($bookSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('book-delete', $book);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookDelete, $book);
 
         $this->bookRepo->destroy($book);
 
@@ -226,7 +238,7 @@ class BookController extends Controller
     public function showCopy(string $bookSlug)
     {
         $book = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($bookSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('book-view', $book);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookView, $book);
 
         session()->flashInput(['name' => $book->name]);
 
@@ -243,8 +255,8 @@ class BookController extends Controller
     public function copy(Request $request, Cloner $cloner, string $bookSlug)
     {
         $book = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($bookSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('book-view', $book);
-        $this->checkPermission('book-create-all');
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookView, $book);
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::BookCreateAll);
 
         $newName = $request->get('name') ?: $book->name;
         $bookCopy = $cloner->cloneBook($book, $newName);
@@ -259,10 +271,10 @@ class BookController extends Controller
     public function convertToShelf(HierarchyTransformer $transformer, string $bookSlug)
     {
         $book = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($bookSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('book-update', $book);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('book-delete', $book);
-        $this->checkPermission('bookshelf-create-all');
-        $this->checkPermission('book-create-all');
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookUpdate, $book);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookDelete, $book);
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::BookshelfCreateAll);
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::BookCreateAll);
 
         $shelf = (new DatabaseTransaction(function () use ($book, $transformer) {
             return $transformer->transformBookToShelf($book);

app/Entities/Controllers/BookshelfApiController.php

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Models\Bookshelf;
 use BookStack\Entities\Queries\BookshelfQueries;
 use BookStack\Entities\Repos\BookshelfRepo;
 use BookStack\Http\ApiController;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use Exception;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsToMany;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ class BookshelfApiController extends ApiController
      */
     public function create(Request $request)
     {
-        $this->checkPermission('bookshelf-create-all');
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::BookshelfCreateAll);
         $requestData = $this->validate($request, $this->rules()['create']);
 
         $bookIds = $request->get('books', []);
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ class BookshelfApiController extends ApiController
     public function update(Request $request, string $id)
     {
         $shelf = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail(intval($id));
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('bookshelf-update', $shelf);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookshelfUpdate, $shelf);
 
         $requestData = $this->validate($request, $this->rules()['update']);
         $bookIds = $request->get('books', null);
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ class BookshelfApiController extends ApiController
     public function delete(string $id)
     {
         $shelf = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail(intval($id));
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('bookshelf-delete', $shelf);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookshelfDelete, $shelf);
 
         $this->bookshelfRepo->destroy($shelf);
 
@@ -115,9 +116,10 @@ class BookshelfApiController extends ApiController
         $shelf = clone $shelf;
         $shelf->unsetRelations()->refresh();
 
-        $shelf->load(['tags', 'cover']);
-        $shelf->makeVisible('description_html')
-            ->setAttribute('description_html', $shelf->descriptionHtml());
+        $shelf->load(['tags']);
+        $shelf->makeVisible(['cover', 'description_html'])
+            ->setAttribute('description_html', $shelf->descriptionInfo()->getHtml())
+            ->setAttribute('cover', $shelf->coverInfo()->getImage());
 
         return $shelf;
     }

app/Entities/Controllers/BookshelfController.php

@@ -6,11 +6,13 @@ use BookStack\Activity\ActivityQueries;
 use BookStack\Activity\Models\View;
 use BookStack\Entities\Queries\BookQueries;
 use BookStack\Entities\Queries\BookshelfQueries;
+use BookStack\Entities\Queries\EntityQueries;
 use BookStack\Entities\Repos\BookshelfRepo;
 use BookStack\Entities\Tools\ShelfContext;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\ImageUploadException;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
 use BookStack\Http\Controller;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\References\ReferenceFetcher;
 use BookStack\Util\SimpleListOptions;
 use Exception;
@@ -22,6 +24,7 @@ class BookshelfController extends Controller
     public function __construct(
         protected BookshelfRepo $shelfRepo,
         protected BookshelfQueries $queries,
+        protected EntityQueries $entityQueries,
         protected BookQueries $bookQueries,
         protected ShelfContext $shelfContext,
         protected ReferenceFetcher $referenceFetcher,
@@ -42,7 +45,7 @@ class BookshelfController extends Controller
 
         $shelves = $this->queries->visibleForListWithCover()
             ->orderBy($listOptions->getSort(), $listOptions->getOrder())
-            ->paginate(18);
+            ->paginate(setting()->getInteger('lists-page-count-shelves', 18, 1, 1000));
         $recents = $this->isSignedIn() ? $this->queries->recentlyViewedForCurrentUser()->get() : false;
         $popular = $this->queries->popularForList()->get();
         $new = $this->queries->visibleForList()
@@ -68,7 +71,7 @@ class BookshelfController extends Controller
      */
     public function create()
     {
-        $this->checkPermission('bookshelf-create-all');
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::BookshelfCreateAll);
         $books = $this->bookQueries->visibleForList()->orderBy('name')->get(['name', 'id', 'slug', 'created_at', 'updated_at']);
         $this->setPageTitle(trans('entities.shelves_create'));
 
@@ -83,7 +86,7 @@ class BookshelfController extends Controller
      */
     public function store(Request $request)
     {
-        $this->checkPermission('bookshelf-create-all');
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::BookshelfCreateAll);
         $validated = $this->validate($request, [
             'name'             => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],
             'description_html' => ['string', 'max:2000'],
@@ -104,8 +107,17 @@ class BookshelfController extends Controller
      */
     public function show(Request $request, ActivityQueries $activities, string $slug)
     {
-        $shelf = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($slug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('bookshelf-view', $shelf);
+        try {
+            $shelf = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($slug);
+        } catch (NotFoundException $exception) {
+            $shelf = $this->entityQueries->findVisibleByOldSlugs('bookshelf', $slug);
+            if (is_null($shelf)) {
+                throw $exception;
+            }
+            return redirect($shelf->getUrl());
+        }
+
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookshelfView, $shelf);
 
         $listOptions = SimpleListOptions::fromRequest($request, 'shelf_books')->withSortOptions([
             'default' => trans('common.sort_default'),
@@ -115,6 +127,7 @@ class BookshelfController extends Controller
         ]);
 
         $sort = $listOptions->getSort();
+
         $sortedVisibleShelfBooks = $shelf->visibleBooks()
             ->reorder($sort === 'default' ? 'order' : $sort, $listOptions->getOrder())
             ->get()
@@ -143,7 +156,7 @@ class BookshelfController extends Controller
     public function edit(string $slug)
     {
         $shelf = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($slug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('bookshelf-update', $shelf);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookshelfUpdate, $shelf);
 
         $shelfBookIds = $shelf->books()->get(['id'])->pluck('id');
         $books = $this->bookQueries->visibleForList()
@@ -169,7 +182,7 @@ class BookshelfController extends Controller
     public function update(Request $request, string $slug)
     {
         $shelf = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($slug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('bookshelf-update', $shelf);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookshelfUpdate, $shelf);
         $validated = $this->validate($request, [
             'name'             => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],
             'description_html' => ['string', 'max:2000'],
@@ -195,7 +208,7 @@ class BookshelfController extends Controller
     public function showDelete(string $slug)
     {
         $shelf = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($slug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('bookshelf-delete', $shelf);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookshelfDelete, $shelf);
 
         $this->setPageTitle(trans('entities.shelves_delete_named', ['name' => $shelf->getShortName()]));
 
@@ -210,7 +223,7 @@ class BookshelfController extends Controller
     public function destroy(string $slug)
     {
         $shelf = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($slug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('bookshelf-delete', $shelf);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookshelfDelete, $shelf);
 
         $this->shelfRepo->destroy($shelf);
 

app/Entities/Controllers/ChapterApiController.php

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Queries\EntityQueries;
 use BookStack\Entities\Repos\ChapterRepo;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\PermissionsException;
 use BookStack\Http\ApiController;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use Exception;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ class ChapterApiController extends ApiController
 
         $bookId = $request->get('book_id');
         $book = $this->entityQueries->books->findVisibleByIdOrFail(intval($bookId));
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-create', $book);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterCreate, $book);
 
         $chapter = $this->chapterRepo->create($requestData, $book);
 
@@ -101,10 +102,10 @@ class ChapterApiController extends ApiController
     {
         $requestData = $this->validate($request, $this->rules()['update']);
         $chapter = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail(intval($id));
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-update', $chapter);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterUpdate, $chapter);
 
-        if ($request->has('book_id') && $chapter->book_id !== intval($requestData['book_id'])) {
-            $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-delete', $chapter);
+        if ($request->has('book_id') && $chapter->book_id !== (intval($requestData['book_id']) ?: null)) {
+            $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterDelete, $chapter);
 
             try {
                 $this->chapterRepo->move($chapter, "book:{$requestData['book_id']}");
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ class ChapterApiController extends ApiController
     public function delete(string $id)
     {
         $chapter = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail(intval($id));
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-delete', $chapter);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterDelete, $chapter);
 
         $this->chapterRepo->destroy($chapter);
 
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ class ChapterApiController extends ApiController
 
         $chapter->load(['tags']);
         $chapter->makeVisible('description_html');
-        $chapter->setAttribute('description_html', $chapter->descriptionHtml());
+        $chapter->setAttribute('description_html', $chapter->descriptionInfo()->getHtml());
 
         /** @var Book $book */
         $book = $chapter->book()->first();

app/Entities/Controllers/ChapterController.php

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use BookStack\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\NotifyException;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\PermissionsException;
 use BookStack\Http\Controller;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\References\ReferenceFetcher;
 use BookStack\Util\DatabaseTransaction;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
     public function create(string $bookSlug)
     {
         $book = $this->entityQueries->books->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($bookSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-create', $book);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterCreate, $book);
 
         $this->setPageTitle(trans('entities.chapters_create'));
 
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
         ]);
 
         $book = $this->entityQueries->books->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($bookSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-create', $book);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterCreate, $book);
 
         $chapter = $this->chapterRepo->create($validated, $book);
 
@@ -76,8 +77,15 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
      */
     public function show(string $bookSlug, string $chapterSlug)
     {
-        $chapter = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $chapterSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-view', $chapter);
+        try {
+            $chapter = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $chapterSlug);
+        } catch (NotFoundException $exception) {
+            $chapter = $this->entityQueries->findVisibleByOldSlugs('chapter', $chapterSlug, $bookSlug);
+            if (is_null($chapter)) {
+                throw $exception;
+            }
+            return redirect($chapter->getUrl());
+        }
 
         $sidebarTree = (new BookContents($chapter->book))->getTree();
         $pages = $this->entityQueries->pages->visibleForChapterList($chapter->id)->get();
@@ -106,7 +114,7 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
     public function edit(string $bookSlug, string $chapterSlug)
     {
         $chapter = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $chapterSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-update', $chapter);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterUpdate, $chapter);
 
         $this->setPageTitle(trans('entities.chapters_edit_named', ['chapterName' => $chapter->getShortName()]));
 
@@ -128,9 +136,9 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
         ]);
 
         $chapter = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $chapterSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-update', $chapter);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterUpdate, $chapter);
 
-        $this->chapterRepo->update($chapter, $validated);
+        $chapter = $this->chapterRepo->update($chapter, $validated);
 
         return redirect($chapter->getUrl());
     }
@@ -143,7 +151,7 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
     public function showDelete(string $bookSlug, string $chapterSlug)
     {
         $chapter = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $chapterSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-delete', $chapter);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterDelete, $chapter);
 
         $this->setPageTitle(trans('entities.chapters_delete_named', ['chapterName' => $chapter->getShortName()]));
 
@@ -159,7 +167,7 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
     public function destroy(string $bookSlug, string $chapterSlug)
     {
         $chapter = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $chapterSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-delete', $chapter);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterDelete, $chapter);
 
         $this->chapterRepo->destroy($chapter);
 
@@ -175,8 +183,8 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
     {
         $chapter = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $chapterSlug);
         $this->setPageTitle(trans('entities.chapters_move_named', ['chapterName' => $chapter->getShortName()]));
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-update', $chapter);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-delete', $chapter);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterUpdate, $chapter);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterDelete, $chapter);
 
         return view('chapters.move', [
             'chapter' => $chapter,
@@ -192,8 +200,8 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
     public function move(Request $request, string $bookSlug, string $chapterSlug)
     {
         $chapter = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $chapterSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-update', $chapter);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-delete', $chapter);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterUpdate, $chapter);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterDelete, $chapter);
 
         $entitySelection = $request->get('entity_selection', null);
         if ($entitySelection === null || $entitySelection === '') {
@@ -221,7 +229,6 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
     public function showCopy(string $bookSlug, string $chapterSlug)
     {
         $chapter = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $chapterSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-view', $chapter);
 
         session()->flashInput(['name' => $chapter->name]);
 
@@ -240,7 +247,6 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
     public function copy(Request $request, Cloner $cloner, string $bookSlug, string $chapterSlug)
     {
         $chapter = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $chapterSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-view', $chapter);
 
         $entitySelection = $request->get('entity_selection') ?: null;
         $newParentBook = $entitySelection ? $this->entityQueries->findVisibleByStringIdentifier($entitySelection) : $chapter->getParent();
@@ -251,7 +257,7 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
             return redirect($chapter->getUrl('/copy'));
         }
 
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-create', $newParentBook);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterCreate, $newParentBook);
 
         $newName = $request->get('name') ?: $chapter->name;
         $chapterCopy = $cloner->cloneChapter($chapter, $newParentBook, $newName);
@@ -266,9 +272,9 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
     public function convertToBook(HierarchyTransformer $transformer, string $bookSlug, string $chapterSlug)
     {
         $chapter = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $chapterSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-update', $chapter);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-delete', $chapter);
-        $this->checkPermission('book-create-all');
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterUpdate, $chapter);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterDelete, $chapter);
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::BookCreateAll);
 
         $book = (new DatabaseTransaction(function () use ($chapter, $transformer) {
             return $transformer->transformChapterToBook($chapter);

app/Entities/Controllers/PageApiController.php

@@ -2,11 +2,13 @@
 
 namespace BookStack\Entities\Controllers;
 
+use BookStack\Activity\Tools\CommentTree;
 use BookStack\Entities\Queries\EntityQueries;
 use BookStack\Entities\Queries\PageQueries;
 use BookStack\Entities\Repos\PageRepo;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\PermissionsException;
 use BookStack\Http\ApiController;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use Exception;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 
@@ -76,7 +78,7 @@ class PageApiController extends ApiController
         } else {
             $parent = $this->entityQueries->books->findVisibleByIdOrFail(intval($request->get('book_id')));
         }
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-create', $parent);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageCreate, $parent);
 
         $draft = $this->pageRepo->getNewDraftPage($parent);
         $this->pageRepo->publishDraft($draft, $request->only(array_keys($this->rules['create'])));
@@ -87,21 +89,32 @@ class PageApiController extends ApiController
     /**
      * View the details of a single page.
      * Pages will always have HTML content. They may have markdown content
-     * if the markdown editor was used to last update the page.
+     * if the Markdown editor was used to last update the page.
      *
-     * The 'html' property is the fully rendered & escaped HTML content that BookStack
+     * The 'html' property is the fully rendered and escaped HTML content that BookStack
      * would show on page view, with page includes handled.
      * The 'raw_html' property is the direct database stored HTML content, which would be
      * what BookStack shows on page edit.
      *
      * See the "Content Security" section of these docs for security considerations when using
      * the page content returned from this endpoint.
+     *
+     * Comments for the page are provided in a tree-structure representing the hierarchy of top-level
+     * comments and replies, for both archived and active comments.
      */
     public function read(string $id)
     {
         $page = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail($id);
 
-        return response()->json($page->forJsonDisplay());
+        $page = $page->forJsonDisplay();
+        $commentTree = (new CommentTree($page));
+        $commentTree->loadVisibleHtml();
+        $page->setAttribute('comments', [
+            'active' => $commentTree->getActive(),
+            'archived' => $commentTree->getArchived(),
+        ]);
+
+        return response()->json($page);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -116,7 +129,7 @@ class PageApiController extends ApiController
         $requestData = $this->validate($request, $this->rules['update']);
 
         $page = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail($id);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-update', $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageUpdate, $page);
 
         $parent = null;
         if ($request->has('chapter_id')) {
@@ -126,7 +139,7 @@ class PageApiController extends ApiController
         }
 
         if ($parent && !$parent->matches($page->getParent())) {
-            $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-delete', $page);
+            $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageDelete, $page);
 
             try {
                 $this->pageRepo->move($page, $parent->getType() . ':' . $parent->id);
@@ -151,7 +164,7 @@ class PageApiController extends ApiController
     public function delete(string $id)
     {
         $page = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail($id);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-delete', $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageDelete, $page);
 
         $this->pageRepo->destroy($page);
 

app/Entities/Controllers/PageController.php

@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Tools\PageContent;
 use BookStack\Entities\Tools\PageEditActivity;
 use BookStack\Entities\Tools\PageEditorData;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
-use BookStack\Exceptions\NotifyException;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\PermissionsException;
 use BookStack\Http\Controller;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\References\ReferenceFetcher;
 use Exception;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
             $parent = $this->entityQueries->books->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($bookSlug);
         }
 
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-create', $parent);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageCreate, $parent);
 
         // Redirect to draft edit screen if signed in
         if ($this->isSignedIn()) {
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
             $parent = $this->entityQueries->books->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($bookSlug);
         }
 
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-create', $parent);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageCreate, $parent);
 
         $page = $this->pageRepo->getNewDraftPage($parent);
         $this->pageRepo->publishDraft($page, [
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
     public function editDraft(Request $request, string $bookSlug, int $pageId)
     {
         $draft = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail($pageId);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-create', $draft->getParent());
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageCreate, $draft->getParent());
 
         $editorData = new PageEditorData($draft, $this->entityQueries, $request->query('editor', ''));
         $this->setPageTitle(trans('entities.pages_edit_draft'));
@@ -119,8 +119,9 @@ class PageController extends Controller
         $this->validate($request, [
             'name' => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],
         ]);
+
         $draftPage = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail($pageId);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-create', $draftPage->getParent());
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageCreate, $draftPage->getParent());
 
         $page = $this->pageRepo->publishDraft($draftPage, $request->all());
 
@@ -138,9 +139,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
         try {
             $page = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $pageSlug);
         } catch (NotFoundException $e) {
-            $revision = $this->entityQueries->revisions->findLatestVersionBySlugs($bookSlug, $pageSlug);
-            $page = $revision->page ?? null;
-
+            $page = $this->entityQueries->findVisibleByOldSlugs('page', $pageSlug, $bookSlug);
             if (is_null($page)) {
                 throw $e;
             }
@@ -148,8 +147,6 @@ class PageController extends Controller
             return redirect($page->getUrl());
         }
 
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-view', $page);
-
         $pageContent = (new PageContent($page));
         $page->html = $pageContent->render();
         $pageNav = $pageContent->getNavigation($page->html);
@@ -197,7 +194,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
     public function edit(Request $request, string $bookSlug, string $pageSlug)
     {
         $page = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $pageSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-update', $page, $page->getUrl());
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageUpdate, $page, $page->getUrl());
 
         $editorData = new PageEditorData($page, $this->entityQueries, $request->query('editor', ''));
         if ($editorData->getWarnings()) {
@@ -221,7 +218,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
             'name' => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],
         ]);
         $page = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $pageSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-update', $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageUpdate, $page);
 
         $this->pageRepo->update($page, $request->all());
 
@@ -236,7 +233,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
     public function saveDraft(Request $request, int $pageId)
     {
         $page = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail($pageId);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-update', $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageUpdate, $page);
 
         if (!$this->isSignedIn()) {
             return $this->jsonError(trans('errors.guests_cannot_save_drafts'), 500);
@@ -273,7 +270,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
     public function showDelete(string $bookSlug, string $pageSlug)
     {
         $page = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $pageSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-delete', $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageDelete, $page);
         $this->setPageTitle(trans('entities.pages_delete_named', ['pageName' => $page->getShortName()]));
         $usedAsTemplate =
             $this->entityQueries->books->start()->where('default_template_id', '=', $page->id)->count() > 0 ||
@@ -295,7 +292,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
     public function showDeleteDraft(string $bookSlug, int $pageId)
     {
         $page = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail($pageId);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-update', $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageUpdate, $page);
         $this->setPageTitle(trans('entities.pages_delete_draft_named', ['pageName' => $page->getShortName()]));
         $usedAsTemplate =
             $this->entityQueries->books->start()->where('default_template_id', '=', $page->id)->count() > 0 ||
@@ -318,7 +315,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
     public function destroy(string $bookSlug, string $pageSlug)
     {
         $page = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $pageSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-delete', $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageDelete, $page);
         $parent = $page->getParent();
 
         $this->pageRepo->destroy($page);
@@ -337,13 +334,13 @@ class PageController extends Controller
         $page = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail($pageId);
         $book = $page->book;
         $chapter = $page->chapter;
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-update', $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageUpdate, $page);
 
         $this->pageRepo->destroy($page);
 
         $this->showSuccessNotification(trans('entities.pages_delete_draft_success'));
 
-        if ($chapter && userCan('view', $chapter)) {
+        if ($chapter && userCan(Permission::ChapterView, $chapter)) {
             return redirect($chapter->getUrl());
         }
 
@@ -384,8 +381,8 @@ class PageController extends Controller
     public function showMove(string $bookSlug, string $pageSlug)
     {
         $page = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $pageSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-update', $page);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-delete', $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageUpdate, $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageDelete, $page);
 
         return view('pages.move', [
             'book' => $page->book,
@@ -402,8 +399,8 @@ class PageController extends Controller
     public function move(Request $request, string $bookSlug, string $pageSlug)
     {
         $page = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $pageSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-update', $page);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-delete', $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageUpdate, $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageDelete, $page);
 
         $entitySelection = $request->get('entity_selection', null);
         if ($entitySelection === null || $entitySelection === '') {
@@ -431,7 +428,6 @@ class PageController extends Controller
     public function showCopy(string $bookSlug, string $pageSlug)
     {
         $page = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $pageSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-view', $page);
         session()->flashInput(['name' => $page->name]);
 
         return view('pages.copy', [
@@ -449,7 +445,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
     public function copy(Request $request, Cloner $cloner, string $bookSlug, string $pageSlug)
     {
         $page = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $pageSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-view', $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageView, $page);
 
         $entitySelection = $request->get('entity_selection') ?: null;
         $newParent = $entitySelection ? $this->entityQueries->findVisibleByStringIdentifier($entitySelection) : $page->getParent();
@@ -460,7 +456,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
             return redirect($page->getUrl('/copy'));
         }
 
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-create', $newParent);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageCreate, $newParent);
 
         $newName = $request->get('name') ?: $page->name;
         $pageCopy = $cloner->clonePage($page, $newParent, $newName);

app/Entities/Controllers/PageRevisionController.php

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Tools\PageContent;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
 use BookStack\Facades\Activity;
 use BookStack\Http\Controller;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\Util\SimpleListOptions;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 use Ssddanbrown\HtmlDiff\Diff;
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ class PageRevisionController extends Controller
             throw new NotFoundException();
         }
 
-        $prev = $revision->getPrevious();
+        $prev = $revision->getPreviousRevision();
         $prevContent = $prev->html ?? '';
         $diff = Diff::excecute($prevContent, $revision->html);
 
@@ -124,7 +125,7 @@ class PageRevisionController extends Controller
     public function restore(string $bookSlug, string $pageSlug, int $revisionId)
     {
         $page = $this->pageQueries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $pageSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-update', $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageUpdate, $page);
 
         $page = $this->pageRepo->restoreRevision($page, $revisionId);
 
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ class PageRevisionController extends Controller
     public function destroy(string $bookSlug, string $pageSlug, int $revId)
     {
         $page = $this->pageQueries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $pageSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-delete', $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageDelete, $page);
 
         $revision = $page->revisions()->where('id', '=', $revId)->first();
         if ($revision === null) {

app/Entities/Controllers/RecycleBinApiController.php

@@ -6,18 +6,20 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Models\Book;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\BookChild;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Chapter;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Deletion;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\Page;
 use BookStack\Entities\Repos\DeletionRepo;
 use BookStack\Http\ApiController;
-use Closure;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
 
 class RecycleBinApiController extends ApiController
 {
     public function __construct()
     {
         $this->middleware(function ($request, $next) {
-            $this->checkPermission('settings-manage');
-            $this->checkPermission('restrictions-manage-all');
+            $this->checkPermission(Permission::SettingsManage);
+            $this->checkPermission(Permission::RestrictionsManageAll);
 
             return $next($request);
         });
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ class RecycleBinApiController extends ApiController
             'updated_at',
             'deletable_type',
             'deletable_id',
-        ], [Closure::fromCallable([$this, 'listFormatter'])]);
+        ], [$this->listFormatter(...)]);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -69,10 +71,9 @@ class RecycleBinApiController extends ApiController
     /**
      * Load some related details for the deletion listing.
      */
-    protected function listFormatter(Deletion $deletion)
+    protected function listFormatter(Deletion $deletion): void
     {
         $deletable = $deletion->deletable;
-        $withTrashedQuery = fn (Builder $query) => $query->withTrashed();
 
         if ($deletable instanceof BookChild) {
             $parent = $deletable->getParent();
@@ -81,11 +82,19 @@ class RecycleBinApiController extends ApiController
         }
 
         if ($deletable instanceof Book || $deletable instanceof Chapter) {
-            $countsToLoad = ['pages' => $withTrashedQuery];
+            $countsToLoad = ['pages' => static::withTrashedQuery(...)];
             if ($deletable instanceof Book) {
-                $countsToLoad['chapters'] = $withTrashedQuery;
+                $countsToLoad['chapters'] = static::withTrashedQuery(...);
             }
             $deletable->loadCount($countsToLoad);
         }
     }
+
+    /**
+     * @param Builder<Chapter|Page> $query
+     */
+    protected static function withTrashedQuery(Builder $query): void
+    {
+        $query->withTrashed();
+    }
 }

app/Entities/Controllers/RecycleBinController.php

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Models\Entity;
 use BookStack\Entities\Repos\DeletionRepo;
 use BookStack\Entities\Tools\TrashCan;
 use BookStack\Http\Controller;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 
 class RecycleBinController extends Controller
 {
@@ -20,8 +21,8 @@ class RecycleBinController extends Controller
     public function __construct()
     {
         $this->middleware(function ($request, $next) {
-            $this->checkPermission('settings-manage');
-            $this->checkPermission('restrictions-manage-all');
+            $this->checkPermission(Permission::SettingsManage);
+            $this->checkPermission(Permission::RestrictionsManageAll);
 
             return $next($request);
         });

app/Entities/EntityExistsRule.php

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Entities;
+
+use Illuminate\Validation\Rules\Exists;
+
+class EntityExistsRule implements \Stringable
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        protected string $type,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    public function __toString()
+    {
+        $existsRule = (new Exists('entities', 'id'))
+            ->where('type', $this->type);
+        return $existsRule->__toString();
+    }
+}

app/Entities/Models/Book.php

@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@
 
 namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
 
+use BookStack\Entities\Tools\EntityCover;
+use BookStack\Entities\Tools\EntityDefaultTemplate;
 use BookStack\Sorting\SortRule;
 use BookStack\Uploads\Image;
-use Exception;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsToMany;
@@ -15,26 +16,25 @@ use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
  * Class Book.
  *
  * @property string                                   $description
+ * @property string                                   $description_html
  * @property int                                      $image_id
  * @property ?int                                     $default_template_id
  * @property ?int                                     $sort_rule_id
- * @property Image|null                               $cover
  * @property \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection $chapters
  * @property \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection $pages
  * @property \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection $directPages
  * @property \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection $shelves
- * @property ?Page                                    $defaultTemplate
- * @property ?SortRule                                 $sortRule
+ * @property ?SortRule                                $sortRule
  */
-class Book extends Entity implements HasCoverImage
+class Book extends Entity implements HasDescriptionInterface, HasCoverInterface, HasDefaultTemplateInterface
 {
     use HasFactory;
-    use HasHtmlDescription;
+    use ContainerTrait;
 
     public float $searchFactor = 1.2;
 
+    protected $hidden = ['pivot', 'deleted_at', 'description_html', 'entity_id', 'entity_type', 'chapter_id', 'book_id', 'priority'];
     protected $fillable = ['name'];
-    protected $hidden = ['pivot', 'image_id', 'deleted_at', 'description_html'];
 
     /**
      * Get the url for this book.
@@ -44,57 +44,9 @@ class Book extends Entity implements HasCoverImage
         return url('/books/' . implode('/', [urlencode($this->slug), trim($path, '/')]));
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns book cover image, if book cover not exists return default cover image.
-     */
-    public function getBookCover(int $width = 440, int $height = 250): string
-    {
-        $default = 'data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==';
-        if (!$this->image_id || !$this->cover) {
-            return $default;
-        }
-
-        try {
-            return $this->cover->getThumb($width, $height, false) ?? $default;
-        } catch (Exception $err) {
-            return $default;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the cover image of the book.
-     */
-    public function cover(): BelongsTo
-    {
-        return $this->belongsTo(Image::class, 'image_id');
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the type of the image model that is used when storing a cover image.
-     */
-    public function coverImageTypeKey(): string
-    {
-        return 'cover_book';
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the Page that is used as default template for newly created pages within this Book.
-     */
-    public function defaultTemplate(): BelongsTo
-    {
-        return $this->belongsTo(Page::class, 'default_template_id');
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the sort set assigned to this book, if existing.
-     */
-    public function sortRule(): BelongsTo
-    {
-        return $this->belongsTo(SortRule::class);
-    }
-
     /**
      * Get all pages within this book.
+     * @return HasMany<Page, $this>
      */
     public function pages(): HasMany
     {
@@ -106,11 +58,12 @@ class Book extends Entity implements HasCoverImage
      */
     public function directPages(): HasMany
     {
-        return $this->pages()->where('chapter_id', '=', '0');
+        return $this->pages()->whereNull('chapter_id');
     }
 
     /**
      * Get all chapters within this book.
+     * @return HasMany<Chapter, $this>
      */
     public function chapters(): HasMany
     {
@@ -135,4 +88,27 @@ class Book extends Entity implements HasCoverImage
 
         return $pages->concat($chapters)->sortBy('priority')->sortByDesc('draft');
     }
+
+    public function defaultTemplate(): EntityDefaultTemplate
+    {
+        return new EntityDefaultTemplate($this);
+    }
+
+    public function cover(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(Image::class, 'image_id');
+    }
+
+    public function coverInfo(): EntityCover
+    {
+        return new EntityCover($this);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the sort rule assigned to this container, if existing.
+     */
+    public function sortRule(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(SortRule::class);
+    }
 }

app/Entities/Models/BookChild.php

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 
 namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
 
-use BookStack\References\ReferenceUpdater;
-use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
 
 /**
@@ -18,34 +16,10 @@ abstract class BookChild extends Entity
 {
     /**
      * Get the book this page sits in.
+     * @return BelongsTo<Book, $this>
      */
     public function book(): BelongsTo
     {
         return $this->belongsTo(Book::class)->withTrashed();
     }
-
-    /**
-     * Change the book that this entity belongs to.
-     */
-    public function changeBook(int $newBookId): Entity
-    {
-        $oldUrl = $this->getUrl();
-        $this->book_id = $newBookId;
-        $this->refreshSlug();
-        $this->save();
-        $this->refresh();
-
-        if ($oldUrl !== $this->getUrl()) {
-            app()->make(ReferenceUpdater::class)->updateEntityReferences($this, $oldUrl);
-        }
-
-        // Update all child pages if a chapter
-        if ($this instanceof Chapter) {
-            foreach ($this->pages()->withTrashed()->get() as $page) {
-                $page->changeBook($newBookId);
-            }
-        }
-
-        return $this;
-    }
 }

app/Entities/Models/Bookshelf.php

@@ -2,34 +2,34 @@
 
 namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
 
+use BookStack\Entities\Tools\EntityCover;
 use BookStack\Uploads\Image;
-use Exception;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsToMany;
 
-class Bookshelf extends Entity implements HasCoverImage
+/**
+ * @property string $description
+ * @property string $description_html
+ */
+class Bookshelf extends Entity implements HasDescriptionInterface, HasCoverInterface
 {
     use HasFactory;
-    use HasHtmlDescription;
-
-    protected $table = 'bookshelves';
+    use ContainerTrait;
 
     public float $searchFactor = 1.2;
 
-    protected $fillable = ['name', 'description', 'image_id'];
-
-    protected $hidden = ['image_id', 'deleted_at', 'description_html'];
+    protected $hidden = ['image_id', 'deleted_at', 'description_html', 'priority', 'default_template_id', 'sort_rule_id', 'entity_id', 'entity_type', 'chapter_id', 'book_id'];
+    protected $fillable = ['name'];
 
     /**
      * Get the books in this shelf.
-     * Should not be used directly since does not take into account permissions.
-     *
-     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsToMany
+     * Should not be used directly since it does not take into account permissions.
      */
-    public function books()
+    public function books(): BelongsToMany
     {
         return $this->belongsToMany(Book::class, 'bookshelves_books', 'bookshelf_id', 'book_id')
+            ->select(['entities.*', 'entity_container_data.*'])
             ->withPivot('order')
             ->orderBy('order', 'asc');
     }
@@ -50,40 +50,6 @@ class Bookshelf extends Entity implements HasCoverImage
         return url('/shelves/' . implode('/', [urlencode($this->slug), trim($path, '/')]));
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns shelf cover image, if cover not exists return default cover image.
-     */
-    public function getBookCover(int $width = 440, int $height = 250): string
-    {
-        // TODO - Make generic, focused on books right now, Perhaps set-up a better image
-        $default = 'data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==';
-        if (!$this->image_id || !$this->cover) {
-            return $default;
-        }
-
-        try {
-            return $this->cover->getThumb($width, $height, false) ?? $default;
-        } catch (Exception $err) {
-            return $default;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the cover image of the shelf.
-     */
-    public function cover(): BelongsTo
-    {
-        return $this->belongsTo(Image::class, 'image_id');
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the type of the image model that is used when storing a cover image.
-     */
-    public function coverImageTypeKey(): string
-    {
-        return 'cover_bookshelf';
-    }
-
     /**
      * Check if this shelf contains the given book.
      */
@@ -95,7 +61,7 @@ class Bookshelf extends Entity implements HasCoverImage
     /**
      * Add a book to the end of this shelf.
      */
-    public function appendBook(Book $book)
+    public function appendBook(Book $book): void
     {
         if ($this->contains($book)) {
             return;
@@ -105,12 +71,13 @@ class Bookshelf extends Entity implements HasCoverImage
         $this->books()->attach($book->id, ['order' => $maxOrder + 1]);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Get a visible shelf by its slug.
-     * @throws \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\ModelNotFoundException
-     */
-    public static function getBySlug(string $slug): self
+    public function coverInfo(): EntityCover
     {
-        return static::visible()->where('slug', '=', $slug)->firstOrFail();
+        return new EntityCover($this);
+    }
+
+    public function cover(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(Image::class, 'image_id');
     }
 }

app/Entities/Models/Chapter.php

@@ -2,32 +2,30 @@
 
 namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
 
-use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
+use BookStack\Entities\Tools\EntityDefaultTemplate;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
 use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
 
 /**
- * Class Chapter.
- *
  * @property Collection<Page> $pages
  * @property ?int             $default_template_id
- * @property ?Page            $defaultTemplate
+ * @property string           $description
+ * @property string           $description_html
  */
-class Chapter extends BookChild
+class Chapter extends BookChild implements HasDescriptionInterface, HasDefaultTemplateInterface
 {
     use HasFactory;
-    use HasHtmlDescription;
+    use ContainerTrait;
 
     public float $searchFactor = 1.2;
-
-    protected $fillable = ['name', 'description', 'priority'];
-    protected $hidden = ['pivot', 'deleted_at', 'description_html'];
+    protected $hidden = ['pivot', 'deleted_at', 'description_html', 'sort_rule_id', 'image_id', 'entity_id', 'entity_type', 'chapter_id'];
+    protected $fillable = ['name', 'priority'];
 
     /**
      * Get the pages that this chapter contains.
      *
-     * @return HasMany<Page>
+     * @return HasMany<Page, $this>
      */
     public function pages(string $dir = 'ASC'): HasMany
     {
@@ -50,17 +48,9 @@ class Chapter extends BookChild
         return url('/' . implode('/', $parts));
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Get the Page that is used as default template for newly created pages within this Chapter.
-     */
-    public function defaultTemplate(): BelongsTo
-    {
-        return $this->belongsTo(Page::class, 'default_template_id');
-    }
-
     /**
      * Get the visible pages in this chapter.
-     * @returns Collection<Page>
+     * @return Collection<Page>
      */
     public function getVisiblePages(): Collection
     {
@@ -70,4 +60,9 @@ class Chapter extends BookChild
         ->orderBy('priority', 'asc')
         ->get();
     }
+
+    public function defaultTemplate(): EntityDefaultTemplate
+    {
+        return new EntityDefaultTemplate($this);
+    }
 }

app/Entities/Models/ContainerTrait.php

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
+
+use BookStack\Entities\Tools\EntityHtmlDescription;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasOne;
+
+/**
+ * @mixin Entity
+ */
+trait ContainerTrait
+{
+    public function descriptionInfo(): EntityHtmlDescription
+    {
+        return new EntityHtmlDescription($this);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return HasOne<EntityContainerData, $this>
+     */
+    public function relatedData(): HasOne
+    {
+        return $this->hasOne(EntityContainerData::class, 'entity_id', 'id')
+            ->where('entity_type', '=', $this->getMorphClass());
+    }
+}

app/Entities/Models/DeletableInterface.php

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphMany;
  * A model that can be deleted in a manner that deletions
  * are tracked to be part of the recycle bin system.
  */
-interface Deletable
+interface DeletableInterface
 {
     public function deletions(): MorphMany;
 }

app/Entities/Models/Deletion.php

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
 
 use BookStack\Activity\Models\Loggable;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphTo;
@@ -13,10 +14,12 @@ use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphTo;
  * @property int       $deleted_by
  * @property string    $deletable_type
  * @property int       $deletable_id
- * @property Deletable $deletable
+ * @property DeletableInterface $deletable
  */
 class Deletion extends Model implements Loggable
 {
+    use HasFactory;
+
     protected $hidden = [];
 
     /**

app/Entities/Models/Entity.php

@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ use BookStack\Activity\Models\View;
 use BookStack\Activity\Models\Viewable;
 use BookStack\Activity\Models\Watch;
 use BookStack\App\Model;
-use BookStack\App\Sluggable;
-use BookStack\Entities\Tools\SlugGenerator;
+use BookStack\App\SluggableInterface;
 use BookStack\Permissions\JointPermissionBuilder;
 use BookStack\Permissions\Models\EntityPermission;
 use BookStack\Permissions\Models\JointPermission;
@@ -22,38 +21,47 @@ use BookStack\References\Reference;
 use BookStack\Search\SearchIndex;
 use BookStack\Search\SearchTerm;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\HasCreatorAndUpdater;
-use BookStack\Users\Models\HasOwner;
+use BookStack\Users\Models\OwnableInterface;
+use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
 use Carbon\Carbon;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasOne;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphMany;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\SoftDeletes;
 
 /**
  * Class Entity
- * The base class for book-like items such as pages, chapters & books.
+ * The base class for book-like items such as pages, chapters and books.
  * This is not a database model in itself but extended.
  *
  * @property int        $id
+ * @property string     $type
  * @property string     $name
  * @property string     $slug
  * @property Carbon     $created_at
  * @property Carbon     $updated_at
  * @property Carbon     $deleted_at
- * @property int        $created_by
- * @property int        $updated_by
+ * @property int|null   $created_by
+ * @property int|null   $updated_by
+ * @property int|null   $owned_by
  * @property Collection $tags
  *
  * @method static Entity|Builder visible()
  * @method static Builder withLastView()
  * @method static Builder withViewCount()
  */
-abstract class Entity extends Model implements Sluggable, Favouritable, Viewable, Deletable, Loggable
+abstract class Entity extends Model implements
+    SluggableInterface,
+    Favouritable,
+    Viewable,
+    DeletableInterface,
+    OwnableInterface,
+    Loggable
 {
     use SoftDeletes;
     use HasCreatorAndUpdater;
-    use HasOwner;
 
     /**
      * @var string - Name of property where the main text content is found
@@ -70,6 +78,72 @@ abstract class Entity extends Model implements Sluggable, Favouritable, Viewable
      */
     public float $searchFactor = 1.0;
 
+    /**
+     * Set the table to be that used by all entities.
+     */
+    protected $table = 'entities';
+
+    /**
+     * Set a custom query builder for entities.
+     */
+    protected static string $builder = EntityQueryBuilder::class;
+
+    public static array $commonFields = [
+        'id',
+        'type',
+        'name',
+        'slug',
+        'book_id',
+        'chapter_id',
+        'priority',
+        'created_at',
+        'updated_at',
+        'deleted_at',
+        'created_by',
+        'updated_by',
+        'owned_by',
+    ];
+
+    /**
+     * Override the save method to also save the contents for convenience.
+     */
+    public function save(array $options = []): bool
+    {
+        /** @var EntityPageData|EntityContainerData $contents */
+        $contents = $this->relatedData()->firstOrNew();
+        $contentFields = $this->getContentsAttributes();
+
+        foreach ($contentFields as $key => $value) {
+            $contents->setAttribute($key, $value);
+            unset($this->attributes[$key]);
+        }
+
+        $this->setAttribute('type', $this->getMorphClass());
+        $result = parent::save($options);
+        $contentsResult = true;
+
+        if ($result && $contents->isDirty()) {
+            $contentsFillData = $contents instanceof EntityPageData ? ['page_id' => $this->id] : ['entity_id' => $this->id, 'entity_type' => $this->getMorphClass()];
+            $contents->forceFill($contentsFillData);
+            $contentsResult = $contents->save();
+            $this->touch();
+        }
+
+        $this->forceFill($contentFields);
+
+        return $result && $contentsResult;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if this item is a container item.
+     */
+    public function isContainer(): bool
+    {
+        return $this instanceof Bookshelf ||
+            $this instanceof Book ||
+            $this instanceof Chapter;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get the entities that are visible to the current user.
      */
@@ -84,8 +158,8 @@ abstract class Entity extends Model implements Sluggable, Favouritable, Viewable
     public function scopeWithLastView(Builder $query)
     {
         $viewedAtQuery = View::query()->select('updated_at')
-            ->whereColumn('viewable_id', '=', $this->getTable() . '.id')
-            ->where('viewable_type', '=', $this->getMorphClass())
+            ->whereColumn('viewable_id', '=', 'entities.id')
+            ->whereColumn('viewable_type', '=', 'entities.type')
             ->where('user_id', '=', user()->id)
             ->take(1);
 
@@ -95,11 +169,12 @@ abstract class Entity extends Model implements Sluggable, Favouritable, Viewable
     /**
      * Query scope to get the total view count of the entities.
      */
-    public function scopeWithViewCount(Builder $query)
+    public function scopeWithViewCount(Builder $query): void
     {
         $viewCountQuery = View::query()->selectRaw('SUM(views) as view_count')
-            ->whereColumn('viewable_id', '=', $this->getTable() . '.id')
-            ->where('viewable_type', '=', $this->getMorphClass())->take(1);
+            ->whereColumn('viewable_id', '=', 'entities.id')
+            ->whereColumn('viewable_type', '=', 'entities.type')
+            ->take(1);
 
         $query->addSelect(['view_count' => $viewCountQuery]);
     }
@@ -155,15 +230,17 @@ abstract class Entity extends Model implements Sluggable, Favouritable, Viewable
      */
     public function tags(): MorphMany
     {
-        return $this->morphMany(Tag::class, 'entity')->orderBy('order', 'asc');
+        return $this->morphMany(Tag::class, 'entity')
+            ->orderBy('order', 'asc');
     }
 
     /**
      * Get the comments for an entity.
+     * @return MorphMany<Comment, $this>
      */
     public function comments(bool $orderByCreated = true): MorphMany
     {
-        $query = $this->morphMany(Comment::class, 'entity');
+        $query = $this->morphMany(Comment::class, 'commentable');
 
         return $orderByCreated ? $query->orderBy('created_at', 'asc') : $query;
     }
@@ -177,7 +254,7 @@ abstract class Entity extends Model implements Sluggable, Favouritable, Viewable
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get this entities restrictions.
+     * Get this entities assigned permissions.
      */
     public function permissions(): MorphMany
     {
@@ -200,6 +277,20 @@ abstract class Entity extends Model implements Sluggable, Favouritable, Viewable
         return $this->morphMany(JointPermission::class, 'entity');
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get the user who owns this entity.
+     * @return BelongsTo<User, $this>
+     */
+    public function ownedBy(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(User::class, 'owned_by');
+    }
+
+    public function getOwnerFieldName(): string
+    {
+        return 'owned_by';
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get the related delete records for this entity.
      */
@@ -246,7 +337,7 @@ abstract class Entity extends Model implements Sluggable, Favouritable, Viewable
     }
 
     /**
-     * Gets a limited-length version of the entities name.
+     * Gets a limited-length version of the entity name.
      */
     public function getShortName(int $length = 25): string
     {
@@ -313,16 +404,6 @@ abstract class Entity extends Model implements Sluggable, Favouritable, Viewable
         app()->make(SearchIndex::class)->indexEntity(clone $this);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * {@inheritdoc}
-     */
-    public function refreshSlug(): string
-    {
-        $this->slug = app()->make(SlugGenerator::class)->generate($this);
-
-        return $this->slug;
-    }
-
     /**
      * {@inheritdoc}
      */
@@ -349,6 +430,14 @@ abstract class Entity extends Model implements Sluggable, Favouritable, Viewable
         return $this->morphMany(Watch::class, 'watchable');
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get the related slug history for this entity.
+     */
+    public function slugHistory(): MorphMany
+    {
+        return $this->morphMany(SlugHistory::class, 'sluggable');
+    }
+
     /**
      * {@inheritdoc}
      */
@@ -356,4 +445,40 @@ abstract class Entity extends Model implements Sluggable, Favouritable, Viewable
     {
         return "({$this->id}) {$this->name}";
     }
+
+    /**
+     * @return HasOne<covariant (EntityContainerData|EntityPageData), $this>
+     */
+    abstract public function relatedData(): HasOne;
+
+    /**
+     * Get the attributes that are intended for the related contents model.
+     * @return array<string, mixed>
+     */
+    protected function getContentsAttributes(): array
+    {
+        $contentFields = [];
+        $contentModel = $this instanceof Page ? EntityPageData::class : EntityContainerData::class;
+
+        foreach ($this->attributes as $key => $value) {
+            if (in_array($key, $contentModel::$fields)) {
+                $contentFields[$key] = $value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $contentFields;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new instance for the given entity type.
+     */
+    public static function instanceFromType(string $type): self
+    {
+        return match ($type) {
+            'page' => new Page(),
+            'chapter' => new Chapter(),
+            'book' => new Book(),
+            'bookshelf' => new Bookshelf(),
+        };
+    }
 }

app/Entities/Models/EntityContainerData.php

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+
+/**
+ * @property int     $entity_id
+ * @property string  $entity_type
+ * @property string  $description
+ * @property string  $description_html
+ * @property ?int    $default_template_id
+ * @property ?int    $image_id
+ * @property ?int    $sort_rule_id
+ */
+class EntityContainerData extends Model
+{
+    public $timestamps = false;
+    protected $primaryKey = 'entity_id';
+    public $incrementing = false;
+
+    public static array $fields = [
+        'description',
+        'description_html',
+        'default_template_id',
+        'image_id',
+        'sort_rule_id',
+    ];
+
+    /**
+     * Override the default set keys for save query method to make it work with composite keys.
+     */
+    public function setKeysForSaveQuery($query): Builder
+    {
+        $query->where($this->getKeyName(), '=', $this->getKeyForSaveQuery())
+            ->where('entity_type', '=', $this->entity_type);
+
+        return $query;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Override the default set keys for a select query method to make it work with composite keys.
+     */
+    protected function setKeysForSelectQuery($query): Builder
+    {
+        $query->where($this->getKeyName(), '=', $this->getKeyForSelectQuery())
+            ->where('entity_type', '=', $this->entity_type);
+
+        return $query;
+    }
+}

app/Entities/Models/EntityPageData.php

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+
+/**
+ * @property int    $page_id
+ */
+class EntityPageData extends Model
+{
+    public $timestamps = false;
+    protected $primaryKey = 'page_id';
+    public $incrementing = false;
+
+    public static array $fields = [
+        'draft',
+        'template',
+        'revision_count',
+        'editor',
+        'html',
+        'text',
+        'markdown',
+    ];
+}

app/Entities/Models/EntityQueryBuilder.php

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
+use Illuminate\Database\Query\Builder as QueryBuilder;
+
+class EntityQueryBuilder extends Builder
+{
+    /**
+     * Create a new Eloquent query builder instance.
+     */
+    public function __construct(QueryBuilder $query)
+    {
+        parent::__construct($query);
+
+        $this->withGlobalScope('entity', new EntityScope());
+    }
+
+    public function withoutGlobalScope($scope): static
+    {
+        // Prevent removal of the entity scope
+        if ($scope === 'entity') {
+            return $this;
+        }
+
+        return parent::withoutGlobalScope($scope);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Override the default forceDelete method to add type filter onto the query
+     * since it specifically ignores scopes by default.
+     */
+    public function forceDelete()
+    {
+        return $this->query->where('type', '=', $this->model->getMorphClass())->delete();
+    }
+}

app/Entities/Models/EntityScope.php

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Scope;
+use Illuminate\Database\Query\JoinClause;
+
+class EntityScope implements Scope
+{
+    /**
+     * Apply the scope to a given Eloquent query builder.
+     */
+    public function apply(Builder $builder, Model $model): void
+    {
+        $builder = $builder->where('type', '=', $model->getMorphClass());
+        $table = $model->getTable();
+        if ($model instanceof Page) {
+            $builder->leftJoin('entity_page_data', 'entity_page_data.page_id', '=', "{$table}.id");
+        } else {
+            $builder->leftJoin('entity_container_data', function (JoinClause $join) use ($model, $table) {
+                $join->on('entity_container_data.entity_id', '=', "{$table}.id")
+                    ->where('entity_container_data.entity_type', '=', $model->getMorphClass());
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}

app/Entities/Models/EntityTable.php

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
+
+use BookStack\Activity\Models\Tag;
+use BookStack\Activity\Models\View;
+use BookStack\App\Model;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Models\EntityPermission;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Models\JointPermission;
+use BookStack\Permissions\PermissionApplicator;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphMany;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\SoftDeletes;
+
+/**
+ * This is a simplistic model interpretation of a generic Entity used to query and represent
+ * that database abstractly. Generally, this should rarely be used outside queries.
+ */
+class EntityTable extends Model
+{
+    use SoftDeletes;
+
+    protected $table = 'entities';
+
+    /**
+     * Get the entities that are visible to the current user.
+     */
+    public function scopeVisible(Builder $query): Builder
+    {
+        return app()->make(PermissionApplicator::class)->restrictEntityQuery($query);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the entity jointPermissions this is connected to.
+     */
+    public function jointPermissions(): HasMany
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(JointPermission::class, 'entity_id')
+            ->whereColumn('entity_type', '=', 'entities.type');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the Tags that have been assigned to entities.
+     */
+    public function tags(): HasMany
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(Tag::class, 'entity_id')
+            ->whereColumn('entity_type', '=', 'entities.type');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the assigned permissions.
+     */
+    public function permissions(): HasMany
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(EntityPermission::class, 'entity_id')
+            ->whereColumn('entity_type', '=', 'entities.type');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get View objects for this entity.
+     */
+    public function views(): HasMany
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(View::class, 'viewable_id')
+            ->whereColumn('viewable_type', '=', 'entities.type');
+    }
+}

app/Entities/Models/HasCoverImage.php

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
-
-use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
-
-interface HasCoverImage
-{
-    /**
-     * Get the cover image for this item.
-     */
-    public function cover(): BelongsTo;
-
-    /**
-     * Get the type of the image model that is used when storing a cover image.
-     */
-    public function coverImageTypeKey(): string;
-}

app/Entities/Models/HasCoverInterface.php

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
+
+use BookStack\Entities\Tools\EntityCover;
+use BookStack\Uploads\Image;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
+
+interface HasCoverInterface
+{
+    public function coverInfo(): EntityCover;
+
+    /**
+     * The cover image of this entity.
+     * @return BelongsTo<Image, covariant Entity>
+     */
+    public function cover(): BelongsTo;
+}

app/Entities/Models/HasDefaultTemplateInterface.php

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
+
+use BookStack\Entities\Tools\EntityDefaultTemplate;
+
+interface HasDefaultTemplateInterface
+{
+    public function defaultTemplate(): EntityDefaultTemplate;
+}

app/Entities/Models/HasDescriptionInterface.php

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
+
+use BookStack\Entities\Tools\EntityHtmlDescription;
+
+interface HasDescriptionInterface
+{
+    public function descriptionInfo(): EntityHtmlDescription;
+}

app/Entities/Models/HasHtmlDescription.php

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
-
-use BookStack\Util\HtmlContentFilter;
-
-/**
- * @property string $description
- * @property string $description_html
- */
-trait HasHtmlDescription
-{
-    /**
-     * Get the HTML description for this book.
-     */
-    public function descriptionHtml(): string
-    {
-        $html = $this->description_html ?: '<p>' . nl2br(e($this->description)) . '</p>';
-        return HtmlContentFilter::removeScriptsFromHtmlString($html);
-    }
-}

app/Entities/Models/Page.php

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
 
 use BookStack\Entities\Tools\PageContent;
-use BookStack\Entities\Tools\PageEditorType;
 use BookStack\Permissions\PermissionApplicator;
 use BookStack\Uploads\Attachment;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
@@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasOne;
 
 /**
  * Class Page.
- *
+ * @property EntityPageData $pageData
  * @property int          $chapter_id
  * @property string       $html
  * @property string       $markdown
@@ -33,12 +32,10 @@ class Page extends BookChild
 {
     use HasFactory;
 
-    protected $fillable = ['name', 'priority'];
-
     public string $textField = 'text';
     public string $htmlField = 'html';
-
-    protected $hidden = ['html', 'markdown', 'text', 'pivot', 'deleted_at'];
+    protected $hidden = ['html', 'markdown', 'text', 'pivot', 'deleted_at',  'entity_id', 'entity_type'];
+    protected $fillable = ['name', 'priority'];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'draft'    => 'boolean',
@@ -57,10 +54,8 @@ class Page extends BookChild
 
     /**
      * Get the chapter that this page is in, If applicable.
-     *
-     * @return BelongsTo
      */
-    public function chapter()
+    public function chapter(): BelongsTo
     {
         return $this->belongsTo(Chapter::class);
     }
@@ -107,10 +102,8 @@ class Page extends BookChild
 
     /**
      * Get the attachments assigned to this page.
-     *
-     * @return HasMany
      */
-    public function attachments()
+    public function attachments(): HasMany
     {
         return $this->hasMany(Attachment::class, 'uploaded_to')->orderBy('order', 'asc');
     }
@@ -131,6 +124,14 @@ class Page extends BookChild
         return url('/' . implode('/', $parts));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get the ID-based permalink for this page.
+     */
+    public function getPermalink(): string
+    {
+        return url("/link/{$this->id}");
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get this page for JSON display.
      */
@@ -139,8 +140,16 @@ class Page extends BookChild
         $refreshed = $this->refresh()->unsetRelations()->load(['tags', 'createdBy', 'updatedBy', 'ownedBy']);
         $refreshed->setHidden(array_diff($refreshed->getHidden(), ['html', 'markdown']));
         $refreshed->setAttribute('raw_html', $refreshed->html);
-        $refreshed->html = (new PageContent($refreshed))->render();
+        $refreshed->setAttribute('html', (new PageContent($refreshed))->render());
 
         return $refreshed;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * @return HasOne<EntityPageData, $this>
+     */
+    public function relatedData(): HasOne
+    {
+        return $this->hasOne(EntityPageData::class, 'page_id', 'id');
+    }
 }

app/Entities/Models/PageRevision.php

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use BookStack\Activity\Models\Loggable;
 use BookStack\App\Model;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
 use Carbon\Carbon;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
 
 /**
@@ -30,6 +31,8 @@ use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
  */
 class PageRevision extends Model implements Loggable
 {
+    use HasFactory;
+
     protected $fillable = ['name', 'text', 'summary'];
     protected $hidden = ['html', 'markdown', 'text'];
 
@@ -60,7 +63,7 @@ class PageRevision extends Model implements Loggable
     /**
      * Get the previous revision for the same page if existing.
      */
-    public function getPrevious(): ?PageRevision
+    public function getPreviousRevision(): ?PageRevision
     {
         $id = static::newQuery()->where('page_id', '=', $this->page_id)
             ->where('id', '<', $this->id)

app/Entities/Models/SlugHistory.php

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
+
+use BookStack\App\Model;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Models\JointPermission;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
+
+/**
+ * @property int $id
+ * @property int $sluggable_id
+ * @property string $sluggable_type
+ * @property string $slug
+ * @property ?string $parent_slug
+ */
+class SlugHistory extends Model
+{
+    use HasFactory;
+
+    protected $table = 'slug_history';
+
+    public function jointPermissions(): HasMany
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(JointPermission::class, 'entity_id', 'sluggable_id')
+            ->whereColumn('joint_permissions.entity_type', '=', 'slug_history.sluggable_type');
+    }
+}

app/Entities/Queries/BookQueries.php

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Models\Book;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 
+/**
+ * @implements ProvidesEntityQueries<Book>
+ */
 class BookQueries implements ProvidesEntityQueries
 {
     protected static array $listAttributes = [
@@ -13,6 +16,9 @@ class BookQueries implements ProvidesEntityQueries
         'created_at', 'updated_at', 'image_id', 'owned_by',
     ];
 
+    /**
+     * @return Builder<Book>
+     */
     public function start(): Builder
     {
         return Book::query();
@@ -49,6 +55,11 @@ class BookQueries implements ProvidesEntityQueries
             ->select(static::$listAttributes);
     }
 
+    public function visibleForContent(): Builder
+    {
+        return $this->start()->scopes('visible');
+    }
+
     public function visibleForListWithCover(): Builder
     {
         return $this->visibleForList()->with('cover');

app/Entities/Queries/BookshelfQueries.php

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Models\Bookshelf;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 
+/**
+ * @implements ProvidesEntityQueries<Bookshelf>
+ */
 class BookshelfQueries implements ProvidesEntityQueries
 {
     protected static array $listAttributes = [
@@ -13,6 +16,9 @@ class BookshelfQueries implements ProvidesEntityQueries
         'created_at', 'updated_at', 'image_id', 'owned_by',
     ];
 
+    /**
+     * @return Builder<Bookshelf>
+     */
     public function start(): Builder
     {
         return Bookshelf::query();
@@ -54,6 +60,11 @@ class BookshelfQueries implements ProvidesEntityQueries
         return $this->start()->scopes('visible')->select(static::$listAttributes);
     }
 
+    public function visibleForContent(): Builder
+    {
+        return $this->start()->scopes('visible');
+    }
+
     public function visibleForListWithCover(): Builder
     {
         return $this->visibleForList()->with('cover');

app/Entities/Queries/ChapterQueries.php

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Models\Chapter;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 
+/**
+ * @implements ProvidesEntityQueries<Chapter>
+ */
 class ChapterQueries implements ProvidesEntityQueries
 {
     protected static array $listAttributes = [
@@ -62,8 +65,14 @@ class ChapterQueries implements ProvidesEntityQueries
             ->scopes('visible')
             ->select(array_merge(static::$listAttributes, ['book_slug' => function ($builder) {
                 $builder->select('slug')
-                    ->from('books')
-                    ->whereColumn('books.id', '=', 'chapters.book_id');
+                    ->from('entities as books')
+                    ->where('type', '=', 'book')
+                    ->whereColumn('books.id', '=', 'entities.book_id');
             }]));
     }
+
+    public function visibleForContent(): Builder
+    {
+        return $this->start()->scopes('visible');
+    }
 }

app/Entities/Queries/EntityQueries.php

@@ -3,7 +3,12 @@
 namespace BookStack\Entities\Queries;
 
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Entity;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\EntityTable;
+use BookStack\Entities\Tools\SlugHistory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
+use Illuminate\Database\Query\Builder as QueryBuilder;
+use Illuminate\Database\Query\JoinClause;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
 use InvalidArgumentException;
 
 class EntityQueries
@@ -14,6 +19,7 @@ class EntityQueries
         public ChapterQueries $chapters,
         public PageQueries $pages,
         public PageRevisionQueries $revisions,
+        protected SlugHistory $slugHistory,
     ) {
     }
 
@@ -27,24 +33,81 @@ class EntityQueries
         $explodedId = explode(':', $identifier);
         $entityType = $explodedId[0];
         $entityId = intval($explodedId[1]);
-        $queries = $this->getQueriesForType($entityType);
 
-        return $queries->findVisibleById($entityId);
+        return $this->findVisibleById($entityType, $entityId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find an entity by its ID.
+     */
+    public function findVisibleById(string $type, int $id): ?Entity
+    {
+        $queries = $this->getQueriesForType($type);
+        return $queries->findVisibleById($id);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find an entity by looking up old slugs in the slug history.
+     */
+    public function findVisibleByOldSlugs(string $type, string $slug, string $parentSlug = ''): ?Entity
+    {
+        $id = $this->slugHistory->lookupEntityIdUsingSlugs($type, $slug, $parentSlug);
+        if ($id === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return $this->findVisibleById($type, $id);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start a query across all entity types.
+     * Combines the description/text fields into a single 'description' field.
+     * @return Builder<EntityTable>
+     */
+    public function visibleForList(): Builder
+    {
+        $rawDescriptionField = DB::raw('COALESCE(description, text) as description');
+        $bookSlugSelect = function (QueryBuilder $query) {
+            return $query->select('slug')->from('entities as books')
+                ->whereColumn('books.id', '=', 'entities.book_id')
+                ->where('type', '=', 'book');
+        };
+
+        return EntityTable::query()->scopes('visible')
+            ->select(['id', 'type', 'name', 'slug', 'book_id', 'chapter_id', 'created_at', 'updated_at', 'draft', 'book_slug' => $bookSlugSelect, $rawDescriptionField])
+            ->leftJoin('entity_container_data', function (JoinClause $join) {
+                $join->on('entity_container_data.entity_id', '=', 'entities.id')
+                    ->on('entity_container_data.entity_type', '=', 'entities.type');
+            })->leftJoin('entity_page_data', function (JoinClause $join) {
+                $join->on('entity_page_data.page_id', '=', 'entities.id')
+                    ->where('entities.type', '=', 'page');
+            });
     }
 
     /**
      * Start a query of visible entities of the given type,
      * suitable for listing display.
+     * @return Builder<Entity>
      */
-    public function visibleForList(string $entityType): Builder
+    public function visibleForListForType(string $entityType): Builder
     {
         $queries = $this->getQueriesForType($entityType);
         return $queries->visibleForList();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Start a query of visible entities of the given type,
+     * suitable for using the contents of the items.
+     * @return Builder<Entity>
+     */
+    public function visibleForContentForType(string $entityType): Builder
+    {
+        $queries = $this->getQueriesForType($entityType);
+        return $queries->visibleForContent();
+    }
+
     protected function getQueriesForType(string $type): ProvidesEntityQueries
     {
-        /** @var ?ProvidesEntityQueries $queries */
         $queries = match ($type) {
             'page' => $this->pages,
             'chapter' => $this->chapters,

app/Entities/Queries/PageQueries.php

@@ -6,11 +6,14 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Models\Page;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 
+/**
+ * @implements ProvidesEntityQueries<Page>
+ */
 class PageQueries implements ProvidesEntityQueries
 {
     protected static array $contentAttributes = [
         'name', 'id', 'slug', 'book_id', 'chapter_id', 'draft',
-        'template', 'html', 'text', 'created_at', 'updated_at', 'priority',
+        'template', 'html', 'markdown', 'text', 'created_at', 'updated_at', 'priority',
         'created_by', 'updated_by', 'owned_by',
     ];
     protected static array $listAttributes = [
@@ -18,6 +21,9 @@ class PageQueries implements ProvidesEntityQueries
         'template', 'text', 'created_at', 'updated_at', 'priority', 'owned_by',
     ];
 
+    /**
+     * @return Builder<Page>
+     */
     public function start(): Builder
     {
         return Page::query();
@@ -66,6 +72,9 @@ class PageQueries implements ProvidesEntityQueries
             });
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return Builder<Page>
+     */
     public function visibleForList(): Builder
     {
         return $this->start()
@@ -73,6 +82,14 @@ class PageQueries implements ProvidesEntityQueries
             ->select($this->mergeBookSlugForSelect(static::$listAttributes));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return Builder<Page>
+     */
+    public function visibleForContent(): Builder
+    {
+        return $this->start()->scopes('visible');
+    }
+
     public function visibleForChapterList(int $chapterId): Builder
     {
         return $this->visibleForList()
@@ -95,18 +112,19 @@ class PageQueries implements ProvidesEntityQueries
             ->where('created_by', '=', user()->id);
     }
 
-    public function visibleTemplates(): Builder
+    public function visibleTemplates(bool $includeContents = false): Builder
     {
-        return $this->visibleForList()
-            ->where('template', '=', true);
+        $base = $includeContents ? $this->visibleWithContents() : $this->visibleForList();
+        return $base->where('template', '=', true);
     }
 
     protected function mergeBookSlugForSelect(array $columns): array
     {
         return array_merge($columns, ['book_slug' => function ($builder) {
             $builder->select('slug')
-                ->from('books')
-                ->whereColumn('books.id', '=', 'pages.book_id');
+                ->from('entities as books')
+                ->where('type', '=', 'book')
+                ->whereColumn('books.id', '=', 'entities.book_id');
         }]);
     }
 }

app/Entities/Queries/ProvidesEntityQueries.php

@@ -7,28 +7,39 @@ use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 
 /**
  * Interface for our classes which provide common queries for our
- * entity objects. Ideally all queries for entities should run through
+ * entity objects. Ideally, all queries for entities should run through
  * these classes.
  * Any added methods should return a builder instances to allow extension
  * via building on the query, unless the method starts with 'find'
  * in which case an entity object should be returned.
  * (nullable unless it's a *OrFail method).
+ *
+ * @template TModel of Entity
  */
 interface ProvidesEntityQueries
 {
     /**
      * Start a new query for this entity type.
+     * @return Builder<TModel>
      */
     public function start(): Builder;
 
     /**
-     * Find the entity of the given ID, or return null if not found.
+     * Find the entity of the given ID or return null if not found.
      */
     public function findVisibleById(int $id): ?Entity;
 
     /**
      * Start a query for items that are visible, with selection
      * configured for list display of this item.
+     * @return Builder<TModel>
      */
     public function visibleForList(): Builder;
+
+    /**
+     * Start a query for items that are visible, with selection
+     * configured for using the content of the items found.
+     * @return Builder<TModel>
+     */
+    public function visibleForContent(): Builder;
 }

app/Entities/Repos/BaseRepo.php

@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@
 namespace BookStack\Entities\Repos;
 
 use BookStack\Activity\TagRepo;
-use BookStack\Entities\Models\Book;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\BookChild;
-use BookStack\Entities\Models\Chapter;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\HasCoverInterface;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\HasDescriptionInterface;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Entity;
-use BookStack\Entities\Models\HasCoverImage;
-use BookStack\Entities\Models\HasHtmlDescription;
 use BookStack\Entities\Queries\PageQueries;
+use BookStack\Entities\Tools\SlugGenerator;
+use BookStack\Entities\Tools\SlugHistory;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\ImageUploadException;
 use BookStack\References\ReferenceStore;
 use BookStack\References\ReferenceUpdater;
@@ -27,22 +27,32 @@ class BaseRepo
         protected ReferenceStore $referenceStore,
         protected PageQueries $pageQueries,
         protected BookSorter $bookSorter,
+        protected SlugGenerator $slugGenerator,
+        protected SlugHistory $slugHistory,
     ) {
     }
 
     /**
      * Create a new entity in the system.
+     * @template T of Entity
+     * @param T $entity
+     * @return T
      */
-    public function create(Entity $entity, array $input)
+    public function create(Entity $entity, array $input): Entity
     {
+        $entity = (clone $entity)->refresh();
         $entity->fill($input);
-        $this->updateDescription($entity, $input);
         $entity->forceFill([
             'created_by' => user()->id,
             'updated_by' => user()->id,
             'owned_by'   => user()->id,
         ]);
-        $entity->refreshSlug();
+        $this->refreshSlug($entity);
+
+        if ($entity instanceof HasDescriptionInterface) {
+            $this->updateDescription($entity, $input);
+        }
+
         $entity->save();
 
         if (isset($input['tags'])) {
@@ -52,22 +62,31 @@ class BaseRepo
         $entity->refresh();
         $entity->rebuildPermissions();
         $entity->indexForSearch();
+
         $this->referenceStore->updateForEntity($entity);
+
+        return $entity;
     }
 
     /**
      * Update the given entity.
+     * @template T of Entity
+     * @param T $entity
+     * @return T
      */
-    public function update(Entity $entity, array $input)
+    public function update(Entity $entity, array $input): Entity
     {
         $oldUrl = $entity->getUrl();
 
         $entity->fill($input);
-        $this->updateDescription($entity, $input);
         $entity->updated_by = user()->id;
 
         if ($entity->isDirty('name') || empty($entity->slug)) {
-            $entity->refreshSlug();
+            $this->refreshSlug($entity);
+        }
+
+        if ($entity instanceof HasDescriptionInterface) {
+            $this->updateDescription($entity, $input);
         }
 
         $entity->save();
@@ -83,61 +102,35 @@ class BaseRepo
         if ($oldUrl !== $entity->getUrl()) {
             $this->referenceUpdater->updateEntityReferences($entity, $oldUrl);
         }
+
+        return $entity;
     }
 
     /**
-     * Update the given items' cover image, or clear it.
-     *
-     * @param Entity&HasCoverImage $entity
+     * Update the given items' cover image or clear it.
      *
      * @throws ImageUploadException
      * @throws \Exception
      */
-    public function updateCoverImage($entity, ?UploadedFile $coverImage, bool $removeImage = false)
+    public function updateCoverImage(Entity&HasCoverInterface $entity, ?UploadedFile $coverImage, bool $removeImage = false): void
     {
         if ($coverImage) {
-            $imageType = $entity->coverImageTypeKey();
-            $this->imageRepo->destroyImage($entity->cover()->first());
+            $imageType = 'cover_' . $entity->type;
+            $this->imageRepo->destroyImage($entity->coverInfo()->getImage());
             $image = $this->imageRepo->saveNew($coverImage, $imageType, $entity->id, 512, 512, true);
-            $entity->cover()->associate($image);
+            $entity->coverInfo()->setImage($image);
             $entity->save();
         }
 
         if ($removeImage) {
-            $this->imageRepo->destroyImage($entity->cover()->first());
-            $entity->image_id = 0;
+            $this->imageRepo->destroyImage($entity->coverInfo()->getImage());
+            $entity->coverInfo()->setImage(null);
             $entity->save();
         }
     }
 
     /**
-     * Update the default page template used for this item.
-     * Checks that, if changing, the provided value is a valid template and the user
-     * has visibility of the provided page template id.
-     */
-    public function updateDefaultTemplate(Book|Chapter $entity, int $templateId): void
-    {
-        $changing = $templateId !== intval($entity->default_template_id);
-        if (!$changing) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if ($templateId === 0) {
-            $entity->default_template_id = null;
-            $entity->save();
-            return;
-        }
-
-        $templateExists = $this->pageQueries->visibleTemplates()
-            ->where('id', '=', $templateId)
-            ->exists();
-
-        $entity->default_template_id = $templateExists ? $templateId : null;
-        $entity->save();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sort the parent of the given entity, if any auto sort actions are set for it.
+     * Sort the parent of the given entity if any auto sort actions are set for it.
      * Typically ran during create/update/insert events.
      */
     public function sortParent(Entity $entity): void
@@ -148,20 +141,31 @@ class BaseRepo
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Update the description of the given entity from input data.
+     */
     protected function updateDescription(Entity $entity, array $input): void
     {
-        if (!in_array(HasHtmlDescription::class, class_uses($entity))) {
+        if (!$entity instanceof HasDescriptionInterface) {
             return;
         }
 
-        /** @var HasHtmlDescription $entity */
         if (isset($input['description_html'])) {
-            $entity->description_html = HtmlDescriptionFilter::filterFromString($input['description_html']);
-            $entity->description = html_entity_decode(strip_tags($input['description_html']));
+            $entity->descriptionInfo()->set(
+                HtmlDescriptionFilter::filterFromString($input['description_html']),
+                html_entity_decode(strip_tags($input['description_html']))
+            );
         } else if (isset($input['description'])) {
-            $entity->description = $input['description'];
-            $entity->description_html = '';
-            $entity->description_html = $entity->descriptionHtml();
+            $entity->descriptionInfo()->set('', $input['description']);
         }
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Refresh the slug for the given entity.
+     */
+    public function refreshSlug(Entity $entity): void
+    {
+        $this->slugHistory->recordForEntity($entity);
+        $this->slugGenerator->regenerateForEntity($entity);
+    }
 }