Dev: Played with an all-in-one docker environment

Fix PWA manifest access behind authenticated proxies

.env.example.complete

@@ -36,10 +36,14 @@ APP_LANG=en
 # APP_LANG will be used if such a header is not provided.
 APP_AUTO_LANG_PUBLIC=true
 
-# Application timezone
-# Used where dates are displayed such as on exported content.
+# Application timezones
+# The first option is used to determine what timezone is used for date storage.
+# Leaving that as "UTC" is advised.
+# The second option is used to set the timezone which will be used for date
+# formatting and display. This defaults to the "APP_TIMEZONE" value.
 # Valid timezone values can be found here: https://www.php.net/manual/en/timezones.php
 APP_TIMEZONE=UTC
+APP_DISPLAY_TIMEZONE=UTC
 
 # Application theme
 # Used to specific a themes/<APP_THEME> folder where BookStack UI

.github/translators.txt

@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ javadataherian :: Persian
 Ludo-code :: French
 hollsten :: Swedish
 Ngoc Lan Phung (lanpncz) :: Vietnamese
-Worive :: Catalan
+Worive :: Catalan; French
 Илья Скаба (skabailya) :: Russian
 Irjan Olsen (Irch) :: Norwegian Bokmal
 Aleksandar Jovanovic (jovanoviczaleksandar) :: Serbian (Cyrillic)
@@ -489,3 +489,23 @@ Hari (muhhari) :: Indonesian
 仙君御 (xjy) :: Chinese Simplified
 TapioM :: Finnish
 lingb58 :: Chinese Traditional
+Angel Pandey (angel-pandey) :: Nepali
+Supriya Shrestha (supriyashrestha) :: Nepali
+gprabhat :: Nepali
+CellCat :: Chinese Simplified
+Al Desrahim (aldesrahim) :: Indonesian
+ahmad abbaspour (deshneh.dar.diss) :: Persian
+Erjon K. (ekr) :: Albanian
+LiZerui (iamzrli) :: Chinese Traditional
+Ticker (ticker.com) :: Hebrew
+CrazyComputer :: Chinese Simplified
+Firr (FirrV) :: Russian
+João Faro (FaroJoaoFaro) :: Portuguese
+Danilo dos Santos Barbosa (bozochegou) :: Portuguese, Brazilian
+Chris (furesoft) :: German
+Silvia Isern (eiendragon) :: Catalan
+Dennis Kron Pedersen (ahjdp) :: Danish
+iamwhoiamwhoami :: Swedish
+Grogui :: French
+MrCharlesIII :: Arabic
+David Olsen (dawin) :: Danish

.gitignore

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ Homestead.yaml
 .idea
 npm-debug.log
 yarn-error.log
-/public/dist/*.map
+/public/dist
 /public/plugins
-/public/css/*.map
-/public/js/*.map
+/public/css
+/public/js
 /public/bower
 /public/build/
 /public/favicon.ico

app/Access/ExternalBaseUserProvider.php

@@ -2,33 +2,18 @@
 
 namespace BookStack\Access;
 
+use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\UserProvider;
-use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 
 class ExternalBaseUserProvider implements UserProvider
 {
-    public function __construct(
-        protected string $model
-    ) {
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Create a new instance of the model.
-     */
-    public function createModel(): Model
-    {
-        $class = '\\' . ltrim($this->model, '\\');
-
-        return new $class();
-    }
-
     /**
      * Retrieve a user by their unique identifier.
      */
     public function retrieveById(mixed $identifier): ?Authenticatable
     {
-        return $this->createModel()->newQuery()->find($identifier);
+        return User::query()->find($identifier);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -59,10 +44,7 @@ class ExternalBaseUserProvider implements UserProvider
      */
     public function retrieveByCredentials(array $credentials): ?Authenticatable
     {
-        // Search current user base by looking up a uid
-        $model = $this->createModel();
-
-        return $model->newQuery()
+        return User::query()
             ->where('external_auth_id', $credentials['external_auth_id'])
             ->first();
     }

app/Access/Guards/AsyncExternalBaseSessionGuard.php

@@ -3,23 +3,18 @@
 namespace BookStack\Access\Guards;
 
 /**
- * Saml2 Session Guard.
+ * External Auth Session Guard.
  *
- * The saml2 login process is async in nature meaning it does not fit very well
- * into the default laravel 'Guard' auth flow. Instead most of the logic is done
- * via the Saml2 controller & Saml2Service. This class provides a safer, thin
- * version of SessionGuard.
+ * The login process for external auth (SAML2/OIDC) is async in nature, meaning it does not fit very well
+ * into the default laravel 'Guard' auth flow. Instead, most of the logic is done via the relevant
+ * controller and services. This class provides a safer, thin version of SessionGuard.
  */
 class AsyncExternalBaseSessionGuard extends ExternalBaseSessionGuard
 {
     /**
      * Validate a user's credentials.
-     *
-     * @param array $credentials
-     *
-     * @return bool
      */
-    public function validate(array $credentials = [])
+    public function validate(array $credentials = []): bool
     {
         return false;
     }
@@ -27,12 +22,9 @@ class AsyncExternalBaseSessionGuard extends ExternalBaseSessionGuard
     /**
      * Attempt to authenticate a user using the given credentials.
      *
-     * @param array $credentials
      * @param bool  $remember
-     *
-     * @return bool
      */
-    public function attempt(array $credentials = [], $remember = false)
+    public function attempt(array $credentials = [], $remember = false): bool
     {
         return false;
     }

app/Access/Guards/ExternalBaseSessionGuard.php

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ namespace BookStack\Access\Guards;
 
 use BookStack\Access\RegistrationService;
 use Illuminate\Auth\GuardHelpers;
-use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable as AuthenticatableContract;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\StatefulGuard;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\UserProvider;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Session\Session;
@@ -24,43 +24,31 @@ class ExternalBaseSessionGuard implements StatefulGuard
      * The name of the Guard. Typically "session".
      *
      * Corresponds to guard name in authentication configuration.
-     *
-     * @var string
      */
-    protected $name;
+    protected readonly string $name;
 
     /**
      * The user we last attempted to retrieve.
-     *
-     * @var \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable
      */
-    protected $lastAttempted;
+    protected Authenticatable|null $lastAttempted;
 
     /**
      * The session used by the guard.
-     *
-     * @var \Illuminate\Contracts\Session\Session
      */
-    protected $session;
+    protected Session $session;
 
     /**
      * Indicates if the logout method has been called.
-     *
-     * @var bool
      */
-    protected $loggedOut = false;
+    protected bool $loggedOut = false;
 
     /**
      * Service to handle common registration actions.
-     *
-     * @var RegistrationService
      */
-    protected $registrationService;
+    protected RegistrationService $registrationService;
 
     /**
      * Create a new authentication guard.
-     *
-     * @return void
      */
     public function __construct(string $name, UserProvider $provider, Session $session, RegistrationService $registrationService)
     {
@@ -72,13 +60,11 @@ class ExternalBaseSessionGuard implements StatefulGuard
 
     /**
      * Get the currently authenticated user.
-     *
-     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable|null
      */
-    public function user()
+    public function user(): Authenticatable|null
     {
         if ($this->loggedOut) {
-            return;
+            return null;
         }
 
         // If we've already retrieved the user for the current request we can just
@@ -101,13 +87,11 @@ class ExternalBaseSessionGuard implements StatefulGuard
 
     /**
      * Get the ID for the currently authenticated user.
-     *
-     * @return int|null
      */
-    public function id()
+    public function id(): int|null
     {
         if ($this->loggedOut) {
-            return;
+            return null;
         }
 
         return $this->user()
@@ -117,12 +101,8 @@ class ExternalBaseSessionGuard implements StatefulGuard
 
     /**
      * Log a user into the application without sessions or cookies.
-     *
-     * @param array $credentials
-     *
-     * @return bool
      */
-    public function once(array $credentials = [])
+    public function once(array $credentials = []): bool
     {
         if ($this->validate($credentials)) {
             $this->setUser($this->lastAttempted);
@@ -135,12 +115,8 @@ class ExternalBaseSessionGuard implements StatefulGuard
 
     /**
      * Log the given user ID into the application without sessions or cookies.
-     *
-     * @param mixed $id
-     *
-     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable|false
      */
-    public function onceUsingId($id)
+    public function onceUsingId($id): Authenticatable|false
     {
         if (!is_null($user = $this->provider->retrieveById($id))) {
             $this->setUser($user);
@@ -153,38 +129,26 @@ class ExternalBaseSessionGuard implements StatefulGuard
 
     /**
      * Validate a user's credentials.
-     *
-     * @param array $credentials
-     *
-     * @return bool
      */
-    public function validate(array $credentials = [])
+    public function validate(array $credentials = []): bool
     {
         return false;
     }
 
     /**
      * Attempt to authenticate a user using the given credentials.
-     *
-     * @param array $credentials
-     * @param bool  $remember
-     *
-     * @return bool
+     * @param bool $remember
      */
-    public function attempt(array $credentials = [], $remember = false)
+    public function attempt(array $credentials = [], $remember = false): bool
     {
         return false;
     }
 
     /**
      * Log the given user ID into the application.
-     *
-     * @param mixed $id
      * @param bool  $remember
-     *
-     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable|false
      */
-    public function loginUsingId($id, $remember = false)
+    public function loginUsingId(mixed $id, $remember = false): Authenticatable|false
     {
         // Always return false as to disable this method,
         // Logins should route through LoginService.
@@ -194,12 +158,9 @@ class ExternalBaseSessionGuard implements StatefulGuard
     /**
      * Log a user into the application.
      *
-     * @param \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable $user
-     * @param bool                                       $remember
-     *
-     * @return void
+     * @param bool $remember
      */
-    public function login(AuthenticatableContract $user, $remember = false)
+    public function login(Authenticatable $user, $remember = false): void
     {
         $this->updateSession($user->getAuthIdentifier());
 
@@ -208,12 +169,8 @@ class ExternalBaseSessionGuard implements StatefulGuard
 
     /**
      * Update the session with the given ID.
-     *
-     * @param string $id
-     *
-     * @return void
      */
-    protected function updateSession($id)
+    protected function updateSession(string|int $id): void
     {
         $this->session->put($this->getName(), $id);
 
@@ -222,10 +179,8 @@ class ExternalBaseSessionGuard implements StatefulGuard
 
     /**
      * Log the user out of the application.
-     *
-     * @return void
      */
-    public function logout()
+    public function logout(): void
     {
         $this->clearUserDataFromStorage();
 
@@ -239,62 +194,48 @@ class ExternalBaseSessionGuard implements StatefulGuard
 
     /**
      * Remove the user data from the session and cookies.
-     *
-     * @return void
      */
-    protected function clearUserDataFromStorage()
+    protected function clearUserDataFromStorage(): void
     {
         $this->session->remove($this->getName());
     }
 
     /**
      * Get the last user we attempted to authenticate.
-     *
-     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable
      */
-    public function getLastAttempted()
+    public function getLastAttempted(): Authenticatable
     {
         return $this->lastAttempted;
     }
 
     /**
      * Get a unique identifier for the auth session value.
-     *
-     * @return string
      */
-    public function getName()
+    public function getName(): string
     {
         return 'login_' . $this->name . '_' . sha1(static::class);
     }
 
     /**
      * Determine if the user was authenticated via "remember me" cookie.
-     *
-     * @return bool
      */
-    public function viaRemember()
+    public function viaRemember(): bool
     {
         return false;
     }
 
     /**
      * Return the currently cached user.
-     *
-     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable|null
      */
-    public function getUser()
+    public function getUser(): Authenticatable|null
     {
         return $this->user;
     }
 
     /**
      * Set the current user.
-     *
-     * @param \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable $user
-     *
-     * @return $this
      */
-    public function setUser(AuthenticatableContract $user)
+    public function setUser(Authenticatable $user): self
     {
         $this->user = $user;
 

app/Access/Guards/LdapSessionGuard.php

@@ -35,13 +35,9 @@ class LdapSessionGuard extends ExternalBaseSessionGuard
     /**
      * Validate a user's credentials.
      *
-     * @param array $credentials
-     *
      * @throws LdapException
-     *
-     * @return bool
      */
-    public function validate(array $credentials = [])
+    public function validate(array $credentials = []): bool
     {
         $userDetails = $this->ldapService->getUserDetails($credentials['username']);
 
@@ -57,16 +53,13 @@ class LdapSessionGuard extends ExternalBaseSessionGuard
     /**
      * Attempt to authenticate a user using the given credentials.
      *
-     * @param array $credentials
      * @param bool  $remember
      *
-     * @throws LdapException*@throws \BookStack\Exceptions\JsonDebugException
+     * @throws LdapException
      * @throws LoginAttemptException
      * @throws JsonDebugException
-     *
-     * @return bool
      */
-    public function attempt(array $credentials = [], $remember = false)
+    public function attempt(array $credentials = [], $remember = false): bool
     {
         $username = $credentials['username'];
         $userDetails = $this->ldapService->getUserDetails($username);

app/Access/LoginService.php

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use BookStack\Exceptions\LoginAttemptInvalidUserException;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\StoppedAuthenticationException;
 use BookStack\Facades\Activity;
 use BookStack\Facades\Theme;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\Theming\ThemeEvents;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
 use Exception;
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ class LoginService
         Theme::dispatch(ThemeEvents::AUTH_LOGIN, $method, $user);
 
         // Authenticate on all session guards if a likely admin
-        if ($user->can('users-manage') && $user->can('user-roles-manage')) {
+        if ($user->can(Permission::UsersManage) && $user->can(Permission::UserRolesManage)) {
             $guards = ['standard', 'ldap', 'saml2', 'oidc'];
             foreach ($guards as $guard) {
                 auth($guard)->login($user);
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ class LoginService
     {
         $value = session()->get(self::LAST_LOGIN_ATTEMPTED_SESSION_KEY);
         if (!$value) {
-            return ['user_id' => null, 'method' => null];
+            return ['user_id' => null, 'method' => null, 'remember' => false];
         }
 
         [$id, $method, $remember, $time] = explode(':', $value);
@@ -103,18 +104,18 @@ class LoginService
         if ($time < $hourAgo) {
             $this->clearLastLoginAttempted();
 
-            return ['user_id' => null, 'method' => null];
+            return ['user_id' => null, 'method' => null, 'remember' => false];
         }
 
         return ['user_id' => $id, 'method' => $method, 'remember' => boolval($remember)];
     }
 
     /**
-     * Set the last login attempted user.
+     * Set the last login-attempted user.
      * Must be only used when credentials are correct and a login could be
-     * achieved but a secondary factor has stopped the login.
+     * achieved, but a secondary factor has stopped the login.
      */
-    protected function setLastLoginAttemptedForUser(User $user, string $method, bool $remember)
+    protected function setLastLoginAttemptedForUser(User $user, string $method, bool $remember): void
     {
         session()->put(
             self::LAST_LOGIN_ATTEMPTED_SESSION_KEY,

app/Access/Saml2Service.php

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class Saml2Service
      * Returns the SAML2 request ID, and the URL to redirect the user to.
      *
      * @throws Error
-     * @returns array{url: string, id: ?string}
+     * @return array{url: string, id: ?string}
      */
     public function logout(User $user): array
     {

app/Access/SocialDriverManager.php

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class SocialDriverManager
 
     /**
      * Gets the names of the active social drivers, keyed by driver id.
-     * @returns array<string, string>
+     * @return array<string, string>
      */
     public function getActive(): array
     {

app/Activity/ActivityQueries.php

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Tools\MixedEntityListLoader;
 use BookStack\Permissions\PermissionApplicator;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphTo;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\Relation;
 
 class ActivityQueries
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@ class ActivityQueries
 
         $activity = $query->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')
             ->with(['loggable' => function (Relation $query) {
+                /** @var MorphTo<Entity, Activity> $query */
                 $query->withTrashed();
             }, 'user.avatar'])
             ->skip($count * ($page - 1))

app/Activity/Controllers/AuditLogApiController.php

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ namespace BookStack\Activity\Controllers;
 
 use BookStack\Activity\Models\Activity;
 use BookStack\Http\ApiController;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 
 class AuditLogApiController extends ApiController
 {
@@ -16,8 +17,8 @@ class AuditLogApiController extends ApiController
      */
     public function list()
     {
-        $this->checkPermission('settings-manage');
-        $this->checkPermission('users-manage');
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::SettingsManage);
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::UsersManage);
 
         $query = Activity::query()->with(['user']);
 

app/Activity/Controllers/AuditLogController.php

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ namespace BookStack\Activity\Controllers;
 use BookStack\Activity\ActivityType;
 use BookStack\Activity\Models\Activity;
 use BookStack\Http\Controller;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\Sorting\SortUrl;
 use BookStack\Util\SimpleListOptions;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
@@ -13,8 +14,8 @@ class AuditLogController extends Controller
 {
     public function index(Request $request)
     {
-        $this->checkPermission('settings-manage');
-        $this->checkPermission('users-manage');
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::SettingsManage);
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::UsersManage);
 
         $sort = $request->get('sort', 'activity_date');
         $order = $request->get('order', 'desc');

app/Activity/Controllers/CommentController.php

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use BookStack\Activity\Tools\CommentTree;
 use BookStack\Activity\Tools\CommentTreeNode;
 use BookStack\Entities\Queries\PageQueries;
 use BookStack\Http\Controller;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ class CommentController extends Controller
         }
 
         // Create a new comment.
-        $this->checkPermission('comment-create-all');
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::CommentCreateAll);
         $contentRef = $input['content_ref'] ?? '';
         $comment = $this->commentRepo->create($page, $input['html'], $input['parent_id'] ?? null, $contentRef);
 
@@ -64,8 +65,8 @@ class CommentController extends Controller
         ]);
 
         $comment = $this->commentRepo->getById($commentId);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-view', $comment->entity);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('comment-update', $comment);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageView, $comment->entity);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::CommentUpdate, $comment);
 
         $comment = $this->commentRepo->update($comment, $input['html']);
 
@@ -81,8 +82,8 @@ class CommentController extends Controller
     public function archive(int $id)
     {
         $comment = $this->commentRepo->getById($id);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-view', $comment->entity);
-        if (!userCan('comment-update', $comment) && !userCan('comment-delete', $comment)) {
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageView, $comment->entity);
+        if (!userCan(Permission::CommentUpdate, $comment) && !userCan(Permission::CommentDelete, $comment)) {
             $this->showPermissionError();
         }
 
@@ -101,8 +102,8 @@ class CommentController extends Controller
     public function unarchive(int $id)
     {
         $comment = $this->commentRepo->getById($id);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-view', $comment->entity);
-        if (!userCan('comment-update', $comment) && !userCan('comment-delete', $comment)) {
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageView, $comment->entity);
+        if (!userCan(Permission::CommentUpdate, $comment) && !userCan(Permission::CommentDelete, $comment)) {
             $this->showPermissionError();
         }
 
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ class CommentController extends Controller
     public function destroy(int $id)
     {
         $comment = $this->commentRepo->getById($id);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('comment-delete', $comment);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::CommentDelete, $comment);
 
         $this->commentRepo->delete($comment);
 

app/Activity/Controllers/WatchController.php

@@ -5,13 +5,14 @@ namespace BookStack\Activity\Controllers;
 use BookStack\Activity\Tools\UserEntityWatchOptions;
 use BookStack\Entities\Tools\MixedEntityRequestHelper;
 use BookStack\Http\Controller;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 
 class WatchController extends Controller
 {
     public function update(Request $request, MixedEntityRequestHelper $entityHelper)
     {
-        $this->checkPermission('receive-notifications');
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::ReceiveNotifications);
         $this->preventGuestAccess();
 
         $requestData = $this->validate($request, array_merge([

app/Activity/Controllers/WebhookController.php

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use BookStack\Activity\ActivityType;
 use BookStack\Activity\Models\Webhook;
 use BookStack\Activity\Queries\WebhooksAllPaginatedAndSorted;
 use BookStack\Http\Controller;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\Util\SimpleListOptions;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ class WebhookController extends Controller
     public function __construct()
     {
         $this->middleware([
-            'can:settings-manage',
+            Permission::SettingsManage->middleware()
         ]);
     }
 

app/Activity/Models/Comment.php

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ namespace BookStack\Activity\Models;
 
 use BookStack\App\Model;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\HasCreatorAndUpdater;
+use BookStack\Users\Models\OwnableInterface;
+use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
 use BookStack\Util\HtmlContentFilter;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
@@ -17,12 +19,10 @@ use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphTo;
  * @property int      $local_id
  * @property string   $entity_type
  * @property int      $entity_id
- * @property int      $created_by
- * @property int      $updated_by
  * @property string   $content_ref
  * @property bool     $archived
  */
-class Comment extends Model implements Loggable
+class Comment extends Model implements Loggable, OwnableInterface
 {
     use HasFactory;
     use HasCreatorAndUpdater;
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ class Comment extends Model implements Loggable
 
     /**
      * Get the parent comment this is in reply to (if existing).
+     * @return BelongsTo<Comment, $this>
      */
     public function parent(): BelongsTo
     {

app/Activity/Models/Tag.php

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphTo;
  * @property int    $id
  * @property string $name
  * @property string $value
+ * @property int    $entity_id
+ * @property string $entity_type
  * @property int    $order
  */
 class Tag extends Model

app/Activity/Notifications/Handlers/BaseNotificationHandler.php

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ namespace BookStack\Activity\Notifications\Handlers;
 use BookStack\Activity\Models\Loggable;
 use BookStack\Activity\Notifications\Messages\BaseActivityNotification;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Entity;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\Permissions\PermissionApplicator;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ abstract class BaseNotificationHandler implements NotificationHandler
             }
 
             // Prevent sending of the user does not have notification permissions
-            if (!$user->can('receive-notifications')) {
+            if (!$user->can(Permission::ReceiveNotifications)) {
                 continue;
             }
 

app/Activity/Notifications/Handlers/PageUpdateNotificationHandler.php

@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ class PageUpdateNotificationHandler extends BaseNotificationHandler
             throw new \InvalidArgumentException("Detail for page update notifications must be a page");
         }
 
-        // Get last update from activity
+        // Get the last update from activity
+        /** @var ?Activity $lastUpdate */
         $lastUpdate = $detail->activity()
             ->where('type', '=', ActivityType::PAGE_UPDATE)
             ->where('id', '!=', $activity->id)

app/Activity/Tools/CommentTree.php

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ namespace BookStack\Activity\Tools;
 
 use BookStack\Activity\Models\Comment;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Page;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 
 class CommentTree
 {
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ class CommentTree
     public function canUpdateAny(): bool
     {
         foreach ($this->comments as $comment) {
-            if (userCan('comment-update', $comment)) {
+            if (userCan(Permission::CommentUpdate, $comment)) {
                 return true;
             }
         }

app/Activity/Tools/TagClassGenerator.php

@@ -3,17 +3,16 @@
 namespace BookStack\Activity\Tools;
 
 use BookStack\Activity\Models\Tag;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\BookChild;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\Entity;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\Page;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 
 class TagClassGenerator
 {
-    protected array $tags;
-
-    /**
-     * @param Tag[] $tags
-     */
-    public function __construct(array $tags)
-    {
-        $this->tags = $tags;
+    public function __construct(
+        protected Entity $entity
+    ) {
     }
 
     /**
@@ -22,14 +21,23 @@ class TagClassGenerator
     public function generate(): array
     {
         $classes = [];
+        $tags = $this->entity->tags->all();
 
-        foreach ($this->tags as $tag) {
-            $name = $this->normalizeTagClassString($tag->name);
-            $value = $this->normalizeTagClassString($tag->value);
-            $classes[] = 'tag-name-' . $name;
-            if ($value) {
-                $classes[] = 'tag-value-' . $value;
-                $classes[] = 'tag-pair-' . $name . '-' . $value;
+        foreach ($tags as $tag) {
+             array_push($classes, ...$this->generateClassesForTag($tag));
+        }
+
+        if ($this->entity instanceof BookChild && userCan(Permission::BookView, $this->entity->book)) {
+            $bookTags = $this->entity->book->tags;
+            foreach ($bookTags as $bookTag) {
+                 array_push($classes, ...$this->generateClassesForTag($bookTag, 'book-'));
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($this->entity instanceof Page && $this->entity->chapter && userCan(Permission::ChapterView, $this->entity->chapter)) {
+            $chapterTags = $this->entity->chapter->tags;
+            foreach ($chapterTags as $chapterTag) {
+                 array_push($classes, ...$this->generateClassesForTag($chapterTag, 'chapter-'));
             }
         }
 
@@ -41,6 +49,22 @@ class TagClassGenerator
         return implode(' ', $this->generate());
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return string[]
+     */
+    protected function generateClassesForTag(Tag $tag, string $prefix = ''): array
+    {
+        $classes = [];
+        $name = $this->normalizeTagClassString($tag->name);
+        $value = $this->normalizeTagClassString($tag->value);
+        $classes[] = "{$prefix}tag-name-{$name}";
+        if ($value) {
+            $classes[] = "{$prefix}tag-value-{$value}";
+            $classes[] = "{$prefix}tag-pair-{$name}-{$value}";
+        }
+        return $classes;
+    }
+
     protected function normalizeTagClassString(string $value): string
     {
         $value = str_replace(' ', '', strtolower($value));

app/Activity/Tools/UserEntityWatchOptions.php

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use BookStack\Activity\WatchLevels;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\BookChild;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Entity;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Page;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ class UserEntityWatchOptions
 
     public function canWatch(): bool
     {
-        return $this->user->can('receive-notifications') && !$this->user->isGuest();
+        return $this->user->can(Permission::ReceiveNotifications) && !$this->user->isGuest();
     }
 
     public function getWatchLevel(): string

app/Activity/Tools/WebhookFormatter.php

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class WebhookFormatter
         }
 
         if ($this->detail instanceof Model) {
-            $data['related_item'] = $this->formatModel();
+            $data['related_item'] = $this->formatModel($this->detail);
         }
 
         return $data;
@@ -83,10 +83,8 @@ class WebhookFormatter
         );
     }
 
-    protected function formatModel(): array
+    protected function formatModel(Model $model): array
     {
-        /** @var Model $model */
-        $model = $this->detail;
         $model->unsetRelations();
 
         foreach ($this->modelFormatters as $formatter) {

app/Activity/WatchLevels.php

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class WatchLevels
 
     /**
      * Get all the possible values as an option_name => value array.
-     * @returns array<string, int>
+     * @return array<string, int>
      */
     public static function all(): array
     {
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class WatchLevels
 
     /**
      * Get the watch options suited for the given entity.
-     * @returns array<string, int>
+     * @return array<string, int>
      */
     public static function allSuitedFor(Entity $entity): array
     {

app/Api/ApiTokenGuard.php

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ namespace BookStack\Api;
 
 use BookStack\Access\LoginService;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\ApiAuthException;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use Illuminate\Auth\GuardHelpers;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Guard;
@@ -146,7 +147,7 @@ class ApiTokenGuard implements Guard
             throw new ApiAuthException(trans('errors.api_user_token_expired'), 403);
         }
 
-        if (!$token->user->can('access-api')) {
+        if (!$token->user->can(Permission::AccessApi)) {
             throw new ApiAuthException(trans('errors.api_user_no_api_permission'), 403);
         }
     }

app/Api/UserApiTokenController.php

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ namespace BookStack\Api;
 
 use BookStack\Activity\ActivityType;
 use BookStack\Http\Controller;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;
@@ -16,8 +17,8 @@ class UserApiTokenController extends Controller
      */
     public function create(Request $request, int $userId)
     {
-        $this->checkPermission('access-api');
-        $this->checkPermissionOrCurrentUser('users-manage', $userId);
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::AccessApi);
+        $this->checkPermissionOrCurrentUser(Permission::UsersManage, $userId);
         $this->updateContext($request);
 
         $user = User::query()->findOrFail($userId);
@@ -35,8 +36,8 @@ class UserApiTokenController extends Controller
      */
     public function store(Request $request, int $userId)
     {
-        $this->checkPermission('access-api');
-        $this->checkPermissionOrCurrentUser('users-manage', $userId);
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::AccessApi);
+        $this->checkPermissionOrCurrentUser(Permission::UsersManage, $userId);
 
         $this->validate($request, [
             'name'       => ['required', 'max:250'],
@@ -143,8 +144,8 @@ class UserApiTokenController extends Controller
      */
     protected function checkPermissionAndFetchUserToken(int $userId, int $tokenId): array
     {
-        $this->checkPermissionOr('users-manage', function () use ($userId) {
-            return $userId === user()->id && userCan('access-api');
+        $this->checkPermissionOr(Permission::UsersManage, function () use ($userId) {
+            return $userId === user()->id && userCan(Permission::AccessApi);
         });
 
         $user = User::query()->findOrFail($userId);

app/App/Model.php

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ class Model extends EloquentModel
 {
     /**
      * Provides public access to get the raw attribute value from the model.
-     * Used in areas where no mutations are required but performance is critical.
+     * Used in areas where no mutations are required, but performance is critical.
      *
      * @return mixed
      */

app/App/Providers/AuthServiceProvider.php

@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ class AuthServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
      */
     public function register(): void
     {
-        Auth::provider('external-users', function ($app, array $config) {
-            return new ExternalBaseUserProvider($config['model']);
+        Auth::provider('external-users', function () {
+            return new ExternalBaseUserProvider();
         });
 
         // Bind and provide the default system user as a singleton to the app instance when needed.

app/App/Providers/EventServiceProvider.php

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class EventServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
     /**
      * The event listener mappings for the application.
      *
-     * @var array<class-string, array<int, class-string>>
+     * @var array<class-string, array<int, string>>
      */
     protected $listen = [
         SocialiteWasCalled::class => [

app/App/Providers/ViewTweaksServiceProvider.php

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 namespace BookStack\App\Providers;
 
 use BookStack\Entities\BreadcrumbsViewComposer;
+use BookStack\Util\DateFormatter;
 use Illuminate\Pagination\Paginator;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Blade;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\View;
@@ -10,6 +11,15 @@ use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
 
 class ViewTweaksServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
 {
+    public function register()
+    {
+        $this->app->singleton(DateFormatter::class, function ($app) {
+            return new DateFormatter(
+                $app['config']->get('app.display_timezone'),
+            );
+        });
+    }
+
     /**
      * Bootstrap services.
      */
@@ -21,6 +31,9 @@ class ViewTweaksServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
         // View Composers
         View::composer('entities.breadcrumbs', BreadcrumbsViewComposer::class);
 
+        // View Globals
+        View::share('dates', $this->app->make(DateFormatter::class));
+
         // Custom blade view directives
         Blade::directive('icon', function ($expression) {
             return "<?php echo (new \BookStack\Util\SvgIcon($expression))->toHtml(); ?>";

app/App/SluggableInterface.php

@@ -5,11 +5,8 @@ namespace BookStack\App;
 /**
  * Assigned to models that can have slugs.
  * Must have the below properties.
- *
- * @property int    $id
- * @property string $name
  */
-interface Sluggable
+interface SluggableInterface
 {
     /**
      * Regenerate the slug for this model.

app/App/helpers.php

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 use BookStack\App\AppVersion;
 use BookStack\App\Model;
 use BookStack\Facades\Theme;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\Permissions\PermissionApplicator;
 use BookStack\Settings\SettingService;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ function user(): User
  * Check if the current user has a permission. If an ownable element
  * is passed in the jointPermissions are checked against that particular item.
  */
-function userCan(string $permission, ?Model $ownable = null): bool
+function userCan(string|Permission $permission, ?Model $ownable = null): bool
 {
     if (is_null($ownable)) {
         return user()->can($permission);
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ function userCan(string $permission, ?Model $ownable = null): bool
  * Check if the current user can perform the given action on any items in the system.
  * Can be provided the class name of an entity to filter ability to that specific entity type.
  */
-function userCanOnAny(string $action, string $entityClass = ''): bool
+function userCanOnAny(string|Permission $action, string $entityClass = ''): bool
 {
     $permissions = app()->make(PermissionApplicator::class);
 

app/Config/app.php

@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ return [
     // A list of the sources/hostnames that can be reached by application SSR calls.
     // This is used wherever users can provide URLs/hosts in-platform, like for webhooks.
     // Host-specific functionality (usually controlled via other options) like auth
-    // or user avatars for example, won't use this list.
-    // Space seperated if multiple. Can use '*' as a wildcard.
+    // or user avatars, for example, won't use this list.
+    // Space separated if multiple. Can use '*' as a wildcard.
     // Values will be compared prefix-matched, case-insensitive, against called SSR urls.
     // Defaults to allow all hosts.
     'ssr_hosts' => env('ALLOWED_SSR_HOSTS', '*'),
@@ -80,8 +80,10 @@ return [
     // Integer value between 0 (IP hidden) to 4 (Full IP usage)
     'ip_address_precision' => env('IP_ADDRESS_PRECISION', 4),
 
-    // Application timezone for back-end date functions.
+    // Application timezone for stored date/time values.
     'timezone' => env('APP_TIMEZONE', 'UTC'),
+    // Application timezone for displayed date/time values in the UI.
+    'display_timezone' => env('APP_DISPLAY_TIMEZONE', env('APP_TIMEZONE', 'UTC')),
 
     // Default locale to use
     // A default variant is also stored since Laravel can overwrite

app/Config/cache.php

@@ -85,6 +85,6 @@ return [
     |
     */
 
-    'prefix' => env('CACHE_PREFIX', Str::slug(env('APP_NAME', 'laravel'), '_') . '_cache_'),
+    'prefix' => env('CACHE_PREFIX', 'bookstack_cache_'),
 
 ];

app/Config/database.php

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ return [
             'collation'      => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
             // Prefixes are only semi-supported and may be unstable
             // since they are not tested as part of our automated test suite.
-            // If used, the prefix should not be changed otherwise you will likely receive errors.
+            // If used, the prefix should not be changed; otherwise you will likely receive errors.
             'prefix'         => env('DB_TABLE_PREFIX', ''),
             'prefix_indexes' => true,
             'strict'         => false,
@@ -103,9 +103,7 @@ return [
     ],
 
     // Migration Repository Table
-    // This table keeps track of all the migrations that have already run for
-    // your application. Using this information, we can determine which of
-    // the migrations on disk haven't actually been run in the database.
+    // This table keeps track of all the migrations that have already run for the application.
     'migrations' => 'migrations',
 
     // Redis configuration to use if set

app/Config/mail.php

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 // Configured mail encryption method.
 // STARTTLS should still be attempted, but tls/ssl forces TLS usage.
 $mailEncryption = env('MAIL_ENCRYPTION', null);
+$mailPort = intval(env('MAIL_PORT', 587));
 
 return [
 
@@ -33,13 +34,13 @@ return [
             'transport' => 'smtp',
             'scheme' => null,
             'host' => env('MAIL_HOST', 'smtp.mailgun.org'),
-            'port' => env('MAIL_PORT', 587),
+            'port' => $mailPort,
             'username' => env('MAIL_USERNAME'),
             'password' => env('MAIL_PASSWORD'),
             'verify_peer' => env('MAIL_VERIFY_SSL', true),
             'timeout' => null,
             'local_domain' => null,
-            'tls_required' => ($mailEncryption === 'tls' || $mailEncryption === 'ssl'),
+            'require_tls' => ($mailEncryption === 'tls' || $mailEncryption === 'ssl' || $mailPort === 465),
         ],
 
         'sendmail' => [

app/Console/Commands/CreateAdminCommand.php

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ use Illuminate\Console\Command;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Validator;
 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 use Illuminate\Validation\Rules\Password;
-use Illuminate\Validation\Rules\Unique;
 
 class CreateAdminCommand extends Command
 {
@@ -21,7 +20,9 @@ class CreateAdminCommand extends Command
                             {--email= : The email address for the new admin user}
                             {--name= : The name of the new admin user}
                             {--password= : The password to assign to the new admin user}
-                            {--external-auth-id= : The external authentication system id for the new admin user (SAML2/LDAP/OIDC)}';
+                            {--external-auth-id= : The external authentication system id for the new admin user (SAML2/LDAP/OIDC)}
+                            {--generate-password : Generate a random password for the new admin user}
+                            {--initial : Indicate if this should set/update the details of the initial admin user}';
 
     /**
      * The console command description.
@@ -35,26 +36,12 @@ class CreateAdminCommand extends Command
      */
     public function handle(UserRepo $userRepo): int
     {
-        $details = $this->snakeCaseOptions();
-
-        if (empty($details['email'])) {
-            $details['email'] = $this->ask('Please specify an email address for the new admin user');
-        }
-
-        if (empty($details['name'])) {
-            $details['name'] = $this->ask('Please specify a name for the new admin user');
-        }
-
-        if (empty($details['password'])) {
-            if (empty($details['external_auth_id'])) {
-                $details['password'] = $this->ask('Please specify a password for the new admin user (8 characters min)');
-            } else {
-                $details['password'] = Str::random(32);
-            }
-        }
+        $initialAdminOnly = $this->option('initial');
+        $shouldGeneratePassword = $this->option('generate-password');
+        $details = $this->gatherDetails($shouldGeneratePassword, $initialAdminOnly);
 
         $validator = Validator::make($details, [
-            'email'            => ['required', 'email', 'min:5', new Unique('users', 'email')],
+            'email'            => ['required', 'email', 'min:5'],
             'name'             => ['required', 'min:2'],
             'password'         => ['required_without:external_auth_id', Password::default()],
             'external_auth_id' => ['required_without:password'],
@@ -68,16 +55,101 @@ class CreateAdminCommand extends Command
             return 1;
         }
 
+        $adminRole = Role::getSystemRole('admin');
+
+        if ($initialAdminOnly) {
+            $handled = $this->handleInitialAdminIfExists($userRepo, $details, $shouldGeneratePassword, $adminRole);
+            if ($handled !== null) {
+                return $handled;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $emailUsed = $userRepo->getByEmail($details['email']) !== null;
+        if ($emailUsed) {
+            $this->error("Could not create admin account.");
+            $this->error("An account with the email address \"{$details['email']}\" already exists.");
+            return 1;
+        }
+
         $user = $userRepo->createWithoutActivity($validator->validated());
-        $user->attachRole(Role::getSystemRole('admin'));
+        $user->attachRole($adminRole);
         $user->email_confirmed = true;
         $user->save();
 
-        $this->info("Admin account with email \"{$user->email}\" successfully created!");
+        if ($shouldGeneratePassword) {
+            $this->line($details['password']);
+        } else {
+            $this->info("Admin account with email \"{$user->email}\" successfully created!");
+        }
 
         return 0;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Handle updates to the original admin account if it exists.
+     * Returns an int return status if handled, otherwise returns null if not handled (new user to be created).
+     */
+    protected function handleInitialAdminIfExists(UserRepo $userRepo, array $data, bool $generatePassword, Role $adminRole): int|null
+    {
+        $defaultAdmin = $userRepo->getByEmail('admin@admin.com');
+        if ($defaultAdmin && $defaultAdmin->hasSystemRole('admin')) {
+            if ($defaultAdmin->email !== $data['email'] && $userRepo->getByEmail($data['email']) !== null) {
+                $this->error("Could not create admin account.");
+                $this->error("An account with the email address \"{$data['email']}\" already exists.");
+                return 1;
+            }
+
+            $userRepo->updateWithoutActivity($defaultAdmin, $data, true);
+            if ($generatePassword) {
+                $this->line($data['password']);
+            } else {
+                $this->info("The default admin user has been updated with the provided details!");
+            }
+
+            return 0;
+        } else if ($adminRole->users()->count() > 0) {
+            $this->warn('Non-default admin user already exists. Skipping creation of new admin user.');
+            return 2;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    protected function gatherDetails(bool $generatePassword, bool $initialAdmin): array
+    {
+        $details = $this->snakeCaseOptions();
+
+        if (empty($details['email'])) {
+            if ($initialAdmin) {
+                $details['email'] = 'admin@example.com';
+            } else {
+                $details['email'] = $this->ask('Please specify an email address for the new admin user');
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (empty($details['name'])) {
+            if ($initialAdmin) {
+                $details['name'] = 'Admin';
+            } else {
+                $details['name'] = $this->ask('Please specify a name for the new admin user');
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (empty($details['password'])) {
+            if (empty($details['external_auth_id'])) {
+                if ($generatePassword) {
+                    $details['password'] = Str::random(32);
+                } else {
+                    $details['password'] = $this->ask('Please specify a password for the new admin user (8 characters min)');
+                }
+            } else {
+                $details['password'] = Str::random(32);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $details;
+    }
+
     protected function snakeCaseOptions(): array
     {
         $returnOpts = [];

app/Console/Commands/UpdateUrlCommand.php

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class UpdateUrlCommand extends Command
             'page_revisions' => ['html', 'text', 'markdown'],
             'images'      => ['url'],
             'settings'    => ['value'],
-            'comments'    => ['html', 'text'],
+            'comments'    => ['html'],
         ];
 
         foreach ($columnsToUpdateByTable as $table => $columns) {

app/Entities/Controllers/BookApiController.php

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Queries\PageQueries;
 use BookStack\Entities\Repos\BookRepo;
 use BookStack\Entities\Tools\BookContents;
 use BookStack\Http\ApiController;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
 
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ class BookApiController extends ApiController
      */
     public function create(Request $request)
     {
-        $this->checkPermission('book-create-all');
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::BookCreateAll);
         $requestData = $this->validate($request, $this->rules()['create']);
 
         $book = $this->bookRepo->create($requestData);
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ class BookApiController extends ApiController
     public function update(Request $request, string $id)
     {
         $book = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail(intval($id));
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('book-update', $book);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookUpdate, $book);
 
         $requestData = $this->validate($request, $this->rules()['update']);
         $book = $this->bookRepo->update($book, $requestData);
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ class BookApiController extends ApiController
     public function delete(string $id)
     {
         $book = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail(intval($id));
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('book-delete', $book);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookDelete, $book);
 
         $this->bookRepo->destroy($book);
 

app/Entities/Controllers/BookController.php

@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@ use BookStack\Exceptions\ImageUploadException;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
 use BookStack\Facades\Activity;
 use BookStack\Http\Controller;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\References\ReferenceFetcher;
+use BookStack\Util\DatabaseTransaction;
 use BookStack\Util\SimpleListOptions;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
@@ -72,12 +74,12 @@ class BookController extends Controller
      */
     public function create(?string $shelfSlug = null)
     {
-        $this->checkPermission('book-create-all');
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::BookCreateAll);
 
         $bookshelf = null;
         if ($shelfSlug !== null) {
             $bookshelf = $this->shelfQueries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($shelfSlug);
-            $this->checkOwnablePermission('bookshelf-update', $bookshelf);
+            $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookshelfUpdate, $bookshelf);
         }
 
         $this->setPageTitle(trans('entities.books_create'));
@@ -95,7 +97,7 @@ class BookController extends Controller
      */
     public function store(Request $request, ?string $shelfSlug = null)
     {
-        $this->checkPermission('book-create-all');
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::BookCreateAll);
         $validated = $this->validate($request, [
             'name'                => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],
             'description_html'    => ['string', 'max:2000'],
@@ -107,7 +109,7 @@ class BookController extends Controller
         $bookshelf = null;
         if ($shelfSlug !== null) {
             $bookshelf = $this->shelfQueries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($shelfSlug);
-            $this->checkOwnablePermission('bookshelf-update', $bookshelf);
+            $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookshelfUpdate, $bookshelf);
         }
 
         $book = $this->bookRepo->create($validated);
@@ -153,7 +155,7 @@ class BookController extends Controller
     public function edit(string $slug)
     {
         $book = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($slug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('book-update', $book);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookUpdate, $book);
         $this->setPageTitle(trans('entities.books_edit_named', ['bookName' => $book->getShortName()]));
 
         return view('books.edit', ['book' => $book, 'current' => $book]);
@@ -169,7 +171,7 @@ class BookController extends Controller
     public function update(Request $request, string $slug)
     {
         $book = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($slug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('book-update', $book);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookUpdate, $book);
 
         $validated = $this->validate($request, [
             'name'                => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],
@@ -196,7 +198,7 @@ class BookController extends Controller
     public function showDelete(string $bookSlug)
     {
         $book = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($bookSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('book-delete', $book);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookDelete, $book);
         $this->setPageTitle(trans('entities.books_delete_named', ['bookName' => $book->getShortName()]));
 
         return view('books.delete', ['book' => $book, 'current' => $book]);
@@ -210,7 +212,7 @@ class BookController extends Controller
     public function destroy(string $bookSlug)
     {
         $book = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($bookSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('book-delete', $book);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookDelete, $book);
 
         $this->bookRepo->destroy($book);
 
@@ -225,7 +227,7 @@ class BookController extends Controller
     public function showCopy(string $bookSlug)
     {
         $book = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($bookSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('book-view', $book);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookView, $book);
 
         session()->flashInput(['name' => $book->name]);
 
@@ -242,8 +244,8 @@ class BookController extends Controller
     public function copy(Request $request, Cloner $cloner, string $bookSlug)
     {
         $book = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($bookSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('book-view', $book);
-        $this->checkPermission('book-create-all');
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookView, $book);
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::BookCreateAll);
 
         $newName = $request->get('name') ?: $book->name;
         $bookCopy = $cloner->cloneBook($book, $newName);
@@ -258,12 +260,14 @@ class BookController extends Controller
     public function convertToShelf(HierarchyTransformer $transformer, string $bookSlug)
     {
         $book = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($bookSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('book-update', $book);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('book-delete', $book);
-        $this->checkPermission('bookshelf-create-all');
-        $this->checkPermission('book-create-all');
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookUpdate, $book);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookDelete, $book);
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::BookshelfCreateAll);
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::BookCreateAll);
 
-        $shelf = $transformer->transformBookToShelf($book);
+        $shelf = (new DatabaseTransaction(function () use ($book, $transformer) {
+            return $transformer->transformBookToShelf($book);
+        }))->run();
 
         return redirect($shelf->getUrl());
     }

app/Entities/Controllers/BookshelfApiController.php

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Models\Bookshelf;
 use BookStack\Entities\Queries\BookshelfQueries;
 use BookStack\Entities\Repos\BookshelfRepo;
 use BookStack\Http\ApiController;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use Exception;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsToMany;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ class BookshelfApiController extends ApiController
      */
     public function create(Request $request)
     {
-        $this->checkPermission('bookshelf-create-all');
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::BookshelfCreateAll);
         $requestData = $this->validate($request, $this->rules()['create']);
 
         $bookIds = $request->get('books', []);
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ class BookshelfApiController extends ApiController
     public function update(Request $request, string $id)
     {
         $shelf = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail(intval($id));
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('bookshelf-update', $shelf);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookshelfUpdate, $shelf);
 
         $requestData = $this->validate($request, $this->rules()['update']);
         $bookIds = $request->get('books', null);
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ class BookshelfApiController extends ApiController
     public function delete(string $id)
     {
         $shelf = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail(intval($id));
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('bookshelf-delete', $shelf);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookshelfDelete, $shelf);
 
         $this->bookshelfRepo->destroy($shelf);
 

app/Entities/Controllers/BookshelfController.php

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Tools\ShelfContext;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\ImageUploadException;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
 use BookStack\Http\Controller;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\References\ReferenceFetcher;
 use BookStack\Util\SimpleListOptions;
 use Exception;
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ class BookshelfController extends Controller
      */
     public function create()
     {
-        $this->checkPermission('bookshelf-create-all');
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::BookshelfCreateAll);
         $books = $this->bookQueries->visibleForList()->orderBy('name')->get(['name', 'id', 'slug', 'created_at', 'updated_at']);
         $this->setPageTitle(trans('entities.shelves_create'));
 
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ class BookshelfController extends Controller
      */
     public function store(Request $request)
     {
-        $this->checkPermission('bookshelf-create-all');
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::BookshelfCreateAll);
         $validated = $this->validate($request, [
             'name'             => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],
             'description_html' => ['string', 'max:2000'],
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ class BookshelfController extends Controller
     public function show(Request $request, ActivityQueries $activities, string $slug)
     {
         $shelf = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($slug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('bookshelf-view', $shelf);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookshelfView, $shelf);
 
         $listOptions = SimpleListOptions::fromRequest($request, 'shelf_books')->withSortOptions([
             'default' => trans('common.sort_default'),
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ class BookshelfController extends Controller
     public function edit(string $slug)
     {
         $shelf = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($slug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('bookshelf-update', $shelf);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookshelfUpdate, $shelf);
 
         $shelfBookIds = $shelf->books()->get(['id'])->pluck('id');
         $books = $this->bookQueries->visibleForList()
@@ -169,7 +170,7 @@ class BookshelfController extends Controller
     public function update(Request $request, string $slug)
     {
         $shelf = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($slug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('bookshelf-update', $shelf);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookshelfUpdate, $shelf);
         $validated = $this->validate($request, [
             'name'             => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],
             'description_html' => ['string', 'max:2000'],
@@ -195,7 +196,7 @@ class BookshelfController extends Controller
     public function showDelete(string $slug)
     {
         $shelf = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($slug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('bookshelf-delete', $shelf);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookshelfDelete, $shelf);
 
         $this->setPageTitle(trans('entities.shelves_delete_named', ['name' => $shelf->getShortName()]));
 
@@ -210,7 +211,7 @@ class BookshelfController extends Controller
     public function destroy(string $slug)
     {
         $shelf = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($slug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('bookshelf-delete', $shelf);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::BookshelfDelete, $shelf);
 
         $this->shelfRepo->destroy($shelf);
 

app/Entities/Controllers/ChapterApiController.php

@@ -2,19 +2,20 @@
 
 namespace BookStack\Entities\Controllers;
 
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\Book;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Chapter;
 use BookStack\Entities\Queries\ChapterQueries;
 use BookStack\Entities\Queries\EntityQueries;
 use BookStack\Entities\Repos\ChapterRepo;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\PermissionsException;
 use BookStack\Http\ApiController;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use Exception;
-use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 
 class ChapterApiController extends ApiController
 {
-    protected $rules = [
+    protected array $rules = [
         'create' => [
             'book_id'             => ['required', 'integer'],
             'name'                => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ class ChapterApiController extends ApiController
 
         $bookId = $request->get('book_id');
         $book = $this->entityQueries->books->findVisibleByIdOrFail(intval($bookId));
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-create', $book);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterCreate, $book);
 
         $chapter = $this->chapterRepo->create($requestData, $book);
 
@@ -101,10 +102,10 @@ class ChapterApiController extends ApiController
     {
         $requestData = $this->validate($request, $this->rules()['update']);
         $chapter = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail(intval($id));
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-update', $chapter);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterUpdate, $chapter);
 
         if ($request->has('book_id') && $chapter->book_id !== intval($requestData['book_id'])) {
-            $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-delete', $chapter);
+            $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterDelete, $chapter);
 
             try {
                 $this->chapterRepo->move($chapter, "book:{$requestData['book_id']}");
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ class ChapterApiController extends ApiController
     public function delete(string $id)
     {
         $chapter = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail(intval($id));
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-delete', $chapter);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterDelete, $chapter);
 
         $this->chapterRepo->destroy($chapter);
 
@@ -144,7 +145,10 @@ class ChapterApiController extends ApiController
         $chapter->load(['tags']);
         $chapter->makeVisible('description_html');
         $chapter->setAttribute('description_html', $chapter->descriptionHtml());
-        $chapter->setAttribute('book_slug', $chapter->book()->first()->slug);
+
+        /** @var Book $book */
+        $book = $chapter->book()->first();
+        $chapter->setAttribute('book_slug', $book->slug);
 
         return $chapter;
     }

app/Entities/Controllers/ChapterController.php

@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@ use BookStack\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\NotifyException;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\PermissionsException;
 use BookStack\Http\Controller;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\References\ReferenceFetcher;
+use BookStack\Util\DatabaseTransaction;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
 use Throwable;
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
     public function create(string $bookSlug)
     {
         $book = $this->entityQueries->books->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($bookSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-create', $book);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterCreate, $book);
 
         $this->setPageTitle(trans('entities.chapters_create'));
 
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
         ]);
 
         $book = $this->entityQueries->books->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($bookSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-create', $book);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterCreate, $book);
 
         $chapter = $this->chapterRepo->create($validated, $book);
 
@@ -76,7 +78,6 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
     public function show(string $bookSlug, string $chapterSlug)
     {
         $chapter = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $chapterSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-view', $chapter);
 
         $sidebarTree = (new BookContents($chapter->book))->getTree();
         $pages = $this->entityQueries->pages->visibleForChapterList($chapter->id)->get();
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
     public function edit(string $bookSlug, string $chapterSlug)
     {
         $chapter = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $chapterSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-update', $chapter);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterUpdate, $chapter);
 
         $this->setPageTitle(trans('entities.chapters_edit_named', ['chapterName' => $chapter->getShortName()]));
 
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
         ]);
 
         $chapter = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $chapterSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-update', $chapter);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterUpdate, $chapter);
 
         $this->chapterRepo->update($chapter, $validated);
 
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
     public function showDelete(string $bookSlug, string $chapterSlug)
     {
         $chapter = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $chapterSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-delete', $chapter);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterDelete, $chapter);
 
         $this->setPageTitle(trans('entities.chapters_delete_named', ['chapterName' => $chapter->getShortName()]));
 
@@ -158,7 +159,7 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
     public function destroy(string $bookSlug, string $chapterSlug)
     {
         $chapter = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $chapterSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-delete', $chapter);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterDelete, $chapter);
 
         $this->chapterRepo->destroy($chapter);
 
@@ -174,8 +175,8 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
     {
         $chapter = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $chapterSlug);
         $this->setPageTitle(trans('entities.chapters_move_named', ['chapterName' => $chapter->getShortName()]));
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-update', $chapter);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-delete', $chapter);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterUpdate, $chapter);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterDelete, $chapter);
 
         return view('chapters.move', [
             'chapter' => $chapter,
@@ -191,8 +192,8 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
     public function move(Request $request, string $bookSlug, string $chapterSlug)
     {
         $chapter = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $chapterSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-update', $chapter);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-delete', $chapter);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterUpdate, $chapter);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterDelete, $chapter);
 
         $entitySelection = $request->get('entity_selection', null);
         if ($entitySelection === null || $entitySelection === '') {
@@ -220,7 +221,6 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
     public function showCopy(string $bookSlug, string $chapterSlug)
     {
         $chapter = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $chapterSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-view', $chapter);
 
         session()->flashInput(['name' => $chapter->name]);
 
@@ -239,7 +239,6 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
     public function copy(Request $request, Cloner $cloner, string $bookSlug, string $chapterSlug)
     {
         $chapter = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $chapterSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-view', $chapter);
 
         $entitySelection = $request->get('entity_selection') ?: null;
         $newParentBook = $entitySelection ? $this->entityQueries->findVisibleByStringIdentifier($entitySelection) : $chapter->getParent();
@@ -250,7 +249,7 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
             return redirect($chapter->getUrl('/copy'));
         }
 
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-create', $newParentBook);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterCreate, $newParentBook);
 
         $newName = $request->get('name') ?: $chapter->name;
         $chapterCopy = $cloner->cloneChapter($chapter, $newParentBook, $newName);
@@ -265,11 +264,13 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
     public function convertToBook(HierarchyTransformer $transformer, string $bookSlug, string $chapterSlug)
     {
         $chapter = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $chapterSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-update', $chapter);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('chapter-delete', $chapter);
-        $this->checkPermission('book-create-all');
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterUpdate, $chapter);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterDelete, $chapter);
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::BookCreateAll);
 
-        $book = $transformer->transformChapterToBook($chapter);
+        $book = (new DatabaseTransaction(function () use ($chapter, $transformer) {
+            return $transformer->transformChapterToBook($chapter);
+        }))->run();
 
         return redirect($book->getUrl());
     }

app/Entities/Controllers/PageApiController.php

@@ -7,12 +7,13 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Queries\PageQueries;
 use BookStack\Entities\Repos\PageRepo;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\PermissionsException;
 use BookStack\Http\ApiController;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use Exception;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 
 class PageApiController extends ApiController
 {
-    protected $rules = [
+    protected array $rules = [
         'create' => [
             'book_id'    => ['required_without:chapter_id', 'integer'],
             'chapter_id' => ['required_without:book_id', 'integer'],
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ class PageApiController extends ApiController
         } else {
             $parent = $this->entityQueries->books->findVisibleByIdOrFail(intval($request->get('book_id')));
         }
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-create', $parent);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageCreate, $parent);
 
         $draft = $this->pageRepo->getNewDraftPage($parent);
         $this->pageRepo->publishDraft($draft, $request->only(array_keys($this->rules['create'])));
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ class PageApiController extends ApiController
         $requestData = $this->validate($request, $this->rules['update']);
 
         $page = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail($id);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-update', $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageUpdate, $page);
 
         $parent = null;
         if ($request->has('chapter_id')) {
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ class PageApiController extends ApiController
         }
 
         if ($parent && !$parent->matches($page->getParent())) {
-            $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-delete', $page);
+            $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageDelete, $page);
 
             try {
                 $this->pageRepo->move($page, $parent->getType() . ':' . $parent->id);
@@ -151,7 +152,7 @@ class PageApiController extends ApiController
     public function delete(string $id)
     {
         $page = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail($id);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-delete', $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageDelete, $page);
 
         $this->pageRepo->destroy($page);
 

app/Entities/Controllers/PageController.php

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use BookStack\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\NotifyException;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\PermissionsException;
 use BookStack\Http\Controller;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\References\ReferenceFetcher;
 use Exception;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
             $parent = $this->entityQueries->books->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($bookSlug);
         }
 
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-create', $parent);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageCreate, $parent);
 
         // Redirect to draft edit screen if signed in
         if ($this->isSignedIn()) {
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
             $parent = $this->entityQueries->books->findVisibleBySlugOrFail($bookSlug);
         }
 
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-create', $parent);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageCreate, $parent);
 
         $page = $this->pageRepo->getNewDraftPage($parent);
         $this->pageRepo->publishDraft($page, [
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
     public function editDraft(Request $request, string $bookSlug, int $pageId)
     {
         $draft = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail($pageId);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-create', $draft->getParent());
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageCreate, $draft->getParent());
 
         $editorData = new PageEditorData($draft, $this->entityQueries, $request->query('editor', ''));
         $this->setPageTitle(trans('entities.pages_edit_draft'));
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
             'name' => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],
         ]);
         $draftPage = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail($pageId);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-create', $draftPage->getParent());
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageCreate, $draftPage->getParent());
 
         $page = $this->pageRepo->publishDraft($draftPage, $request->all());
 
@@ -148,8 +149,6 @@ class PageController extends Controller
             return redirect($page->getUrl());
         }
 
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-view', $page);
-
         $pageContent = (new PageContent($page));
         $page->html = $pageContent->render();
         $pageNav = $pageContent->getNavigation($page->html);
@@ -197,7 +196,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
     public function edit(Request $request, string $bookSlug, string $pageSlug)
     {
         $page = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $pageSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-update', $page, $page->getUrl());
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageUpdate, $page, $page->getUrl());
 
         $editorData = new PageEditorData($page, $this->entityQueries, $request->query('editor', ''));
         if ($editorData->getWarnings()) {
@@ -221,7 +220,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
             'name' => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],
         ]);
         $page = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $pageSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-update', $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageUpdate, $page);
 
         $this->pageRepo->update($page, $request->all());
 
@@ -236,7 +235,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
     public function saveDraft(Request $request, int $pageId)
     {
         $page = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail($pageId);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-update', $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageUpdate, $page);
 
         if (!$this->isSignedIn()) {
             return $this->jsonError(trans('errors.guests_cannot_save_drafts'), 500);
@@ -273,7 +272,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
     public function showDelete(string $bookSlug, string $pageSlug)
     {
         $page = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $pageSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-delete', $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageDelete, $page);
         $this->setPageTitle(trans('entities.pages_delete_named', ['pageName' => $page->getShortName()]));
         $usedAsTemplate =
             $this->entityQueries->books->start()->where('default_template_id', '=', $page->id)->count() > 0 ||
@@ -295,7 +294,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
     public function showDeleteDraft(string $bookSlug, int $pageId)
     {
         $page = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail($pageId);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-update', $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageUpdate, $page);
         $this->setPageTitle(trans('entities.pages_delete_draft_named', ['pageName' => $page->getShortName()]));
         $usedAsTemplate =
             $this->entityQueries->books->start()->where('default_template_id', '=', $page->id)->count() > 0 ||
@@ -318,7 +317,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
     public function destroy(string $bookSlug, string $pageSlug)
     {
         $page = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $pageSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-delete', $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageDelete, $page);
         $parent = $page->getParent();
 
         $this->pageRepo->destroy($page);
@@ -337,13 +336,13 @@ class PageController extends Controller
         $page = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail($pageId);
         $book = $page->book;
         $chapter = $page->chapter;
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-update', $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageUpdate, $page);
 
         $this->pageRepo->destroy($page);
 
         $this->showSuccessNotification(trans('entities.pages_delete_draft_success'));
 
-        if ($chapter && userCan('view', $chapter)) {
+        if ($chapter && userCan(Permission::ChapterView, $chapter)) {
             return redirect($chapter->getUrl());
         }
 
@@ -384,8 +383,8 @@ class PageController extends Controller
     public function showMove(string $bookSlug, string $pageSlug)
     {
         $page = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $pageSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-update', $page);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-delete', $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageUpdate, $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageDelete, $page);
 
         return view('pages.move', [
             'book' => $page->book,
@@ -402,8 +401,8 @@ class PageController extends Controller
     public function move(Request $request, string $bookSlug, string $pageSlug)
     {
         $page = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $pageSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-update', $page);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-delete', $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageUpdate, $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageDelete, $page);
 
         $entitySelection = $request->get('entity_selection', null);
         if ($entitySelection === null || $entitySelection === '') {
@@ -431,7 +430,6 @@ class PageController extends Controller
     public function showCopy(string $bookSlug, string $pageSlug)
     {
         $page = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $pageSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-view', $page);
         session()->flashInput(['name' => $page->name]);
 
         return view('pages.copy', [
@@ -449,7 +447,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
     public function copy(Request $request, Cloner $cloner, string $bookSlug, string $pageSlug)
     {
         $page = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $pageSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-view', $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageView, $page);
 
         $entitySelection = $request->get('entity_selection') ?: null;
         $newParent = $entitySelection ? $this->entityQueries->findVisibleByStringIdentifier($entitySelection) : $page->getParent();
@@ -460,7 +458,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
             return redirect($page->getUrl('/copy'));
         }
 
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-create', $newParent);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageCreate, $newParent);
 
         $newName = $request->get('name') ?: $page->name;
         $pageCopy = $cloner->clonePage($page, $newParent, $newName);

app/Entities/Controllers/PageRevisionController.php

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Tools\PageContent;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
 use BookStack\Facades\Activity;
 use BookStack\Http\Controller;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\Util\SimpleListOptions;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 use Ssddanbrown\HtmlDiff\Diff;
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ class PageRevisionController extends Controller
             throw new NotFoundException();
         }
 
-        $prev = $revision->getPrevious();
+        $prev = $revision->getPreviousRevision();
         $prevContent = $prev->html ?? '';
         $diff = Diff::excecute($prevContent, $revision->html);
 
@@ -124,7 +125,7 @@ class PageRevisionController extends Controller
     public function restore(string $bookSlug, string $pageSlug, int $revisionId)
     {
         $page = $this->pageQueries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $pageSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-update', $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageUpdate, $page);
 
         $page = $this->pageRepo->restoreRevision($page, $revisionId);
 
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ class PageRevisionController extends Controller
     public function destroy(string $bookSlug, string $pageSlug, int $revId)
     {
         $page = $this->pageQueries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $pageSlug);
-        $this->checkOwnablePermission('page-delete', $page);
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageDelete, $page);
 
         $revision = $page->revisions()->where('id', '=', $revId)->first();
         if ($revision === null) {

app/Entities/Controllers/RecycleBinApiController.php

@@ -6,18 +6,20 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Models\Book;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\BookChild;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Chapter;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Deletion;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\Page;
 use BookStack\Entities\Repos\DeletionRepo;
 use BookStack\Http\ApiController;
-use Closure;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
 
 class RecycleBinApiController extends ApiController
 {
     public function __construct()
     {
         $this->middleware(function ($request, $next) {
-            $this->checkPermission('settings-manage');
-            $this->checkPermission('restrictions-manage-all');
+            $this->checkPermission(Permission::SettingsManage);
+            $this->checkPermission(Permission::RestrictionsManageAll);
 
             return $next($request);
         });
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ class RecycleBinApiController extends ApiController
             'updated_at',
             'deletable_type',
             'deletable_id',
-        ], [Closure::fromCallable([$this, 'listFormatter'])]);
+        ], [$this->listFormatter(...)]);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -69,10 +71,9 @@ class RecycleBinApiController extends ApiController
     /**
      * Load some related details for the deletion listing.
      */
-    protected function listFormatter(Deletion $deletion)
+    protected function listFormatter(Deletion $deletion): void
     {
         $deletable = $deletion->deletable;
-        $withTrashedQuery = fn (Builder $query) => $query->withTrashed();
 
         if ($deletable instanceof BookChild) {
             $parent = $deletable->getParent();
@@ -81,11 +82,19 @@ class RecycleBinApiController extends ApiController
         }
 
         if ($deletable instanceof Book || $deletable instanceof Chapter) {
-            $countsToLoad = ['pages' => $withTrashedQuery];
+            $countsToLoad = ['pages' => static::withTrashedQuery(...)];
             if ($deletable instanceof Book) {
-                $countsToLoad['chapters'] = $withTrashedQuery;
+                $countsToLoad['chapters'] = static::withTrashedQuery(...);
             }
             $deletable->loadCount($countsToLoad);
         }
     }
+
+    /**
+     * @param Builder<Chapter|Page> $query
+     */
+    protected static function withTrashedQuery(Builder $query): void
+    {
+        $query->withTrashed();
+    }
 }

app/Entities/Controllers/RecycleBinController.php

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Models\Entity;
 use BookStack\Entities\Repos\DeletionRepo;
 use BookStack\Entities\Tools\TrashCan;
 use BookStack\Http\Controller;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 
 class RecycleBinController extends Controller
 {
@@ -20,8 +21,8 @@ class RecycleBinController extends Controller
     public function __construct()
     {
         $this->middleware(function ($request, $next) {
-            $this->checkPermission('settings-manage');
-            $this->checkPermission('restrictions-manage-all');
+            $this->checkPermission(Permission::SettingsManage);
+            $this->checkPermission(Permission::RestrictionsManageAll);
 
             return $next($request);
         });

app/Entities/Models/Book.php

@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@ use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
  * @property ?Page                                    $defaultTemplate
  * @property ?SortRule                                 $sortRule
  */
-class Book extends Entity implements HasCoverImage
+class Book extends Entity implements CoverImageInterface, HtmlDescriptionInterface
 {
     use HasFactory;
-    use HasHtmlDescription;
+    use HtmlDescriptionTrait;
 
     public float $searchFactor = 1.2;
 
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ class Book extends Entity implements HasCoverImage
 
     /**
      * Get all pages within this book.
+     * @return HasMany<Page, $this>
      */
     public function pages(): HasMany
     {
@@ -111,6 +112,7 @@ class Book extends Entity implements HasCoverImage
 
     /**
      * Get all chapters within this book.
+     * @return HasMany<Chapter, $this>
      */
     public function chapters(): HasMany
     {

app/Entities/Models/Bookshelf.php

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsToMany;
 
-class Bookshelf extends Entity implements HasCoverImage
+class Bookshelf extends Entity implements CoverImageInterface, HtmlDescriptionInterface
 {
     use HasFactory;
-    use HasHtmlDescription;
+    use HtmlDescriptionTrait;
 
     protected $table = 'bookshelves';
 
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ class Bookshelf extends Entity implements HasCoverImage
 
     /**
      * Get the cover image of the shelf.
+     * @return BelongsTo<Image, $this>
      */
     public function cover(): BelongsTo
     {

app/Entities/Models/Chapter.php

@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
  * @property ?int             $default_template_id
  * @property ?Page            $defaultTemplate
  */
-class Chapter extends BookChild
+class Chapter extends BookChild implements HtmlDescriptionInterface
 {
     use HasFactory;
-    use HasHtmlDescription;
+    use HtmlDescriptionTrait;
 
     public float $searchFactor = 1.2;
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class Chapter extends BookChild
     /**
      * Get the pages that this chapter contains.
      *
-     * @return HasMany<Page>
+     * @return HasMany<Page, $this>
      */
     public function pages(string $dir = 'ASC'): HasMany
     {
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class Chapter extends BookChild
 
     /**
      * Get the visible pages in this chapter.
-     * @returns Collection<Page>
+     * @return Collection<Page>
      */
     public function getVisiblePages(): Collection
     {

app/Entities/Models/CoverImageInterface.php

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
 
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
 
-interface HasCoverImage
+interface CoverImageInterface
 {
     /**
      * Get the cover image for this item.

app/Entities/Models/DeletableInterface.php

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphMany;
  * A model that can be deleted in a manner that deletions
  * are tracked to be part of the recycle bin system.
  */
-interface Deletable
+interface DeletableInterface
 {
     public function deletions(): MorphMany;
 }

app/Entities/Models/Deletion.php

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphTo;
  * @property int       $deleted_by
  * @property string    $deletable_type
  * @property int       $deletable_id
- * @property Deletable $deletable
+ * @property DeletableInterface $deletable
  */
 class Deletion extends Model implements Loggable
 {

app/Entities/Models/Entity.php

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use BookStack\Activity\Models\View;
 use BookStack\Activity\Models\Viewable;
 use BookStack\Activity\Models\Watch;
 use BookStack\App\Model;
-use BookStack\App\Sluggable;
+use BookStack\App\SluggableInterface;
 use BookStack\Entities\Tools\SlugGenerator;
 use BookStack\Permissions\JointPermissionBuilder;
 use BookStack\Permissions\Models\EntityPermission;
@@ -22,10 +22,12 @@ use BookStack\References\Reference;
 use BookStack\Search\SearchIndex;
 use BookStack\Search\SearchTerm;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\HasCreatorAndUpdater;
-use BookStack\Users\Models\HasOwner;
+use BookStack\Users\Models\OwnableInterface;
+use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
 use Carbon\Carbon;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphMany;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\SoftDeletes;
 
@@ -42,17 +44,23 @@ use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\SoftDeletes;
  * @property Carbon     $deleted_at
  * @property int        $created_by
  * @property int        $updated_by
+ * @property int        $owned_by
  * @property Collection $tags
  *
  * @method static Entity|Builder visible()
  * @method static Builder withLastView()
  * @method static Builder withViewCount()
  */
-abstract class Entity extends Model implements Sluggable, Favouritable, Viewable, Deletable, Loggable
+abstract class Entity extends Model implements
+    SluggableInterface,
+    Favouritable,
+    Viewable,
+    DeletableInterface,
+    OwnableInterface,
+    Loggable
 {
     use SoftDeletes;
     use HasCreatorAndUpdater;
-    use HasOwner;
 
     /**
      * @var string - Name of property where the main text content is found
@@ -199,6 +207,20 @@ abstract class Entity extends Model implements Sluggable, Favouritable, Viewable
         return $this->morphMany(JointPermission::class, 'entity');
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get the user who owns this entity.
+     * @return BelongsTo<User, $this>
+     */
+    public function ownedBy(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(User::class, 'owned_by');
+    }
+
+    public function getOwnerFieldName(): string
+    {
+        return 'owned_by';
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get the related delete records for this entity.
      */
@@ -283,10 +305,14 @@ abstract class Entity extends Model implements Sluggable, Favouritable, Viewable
     public function getParent(): ?self
     {
         if ($this instanceof Page) {
-            return $this->chapter_id ? $this->chapter()->withTrashed()->first() : $this->book()->withTrashed()->first();
+            /** @var BelongsTo<Chapter|Book, Page>  $builder */
+            $builder = $this->chapter_id ? $this->chapter() : $this->book();
+            return $builder->withTrashed()->first();
         }
         if ($this instanceof Chapter) {
-            return $this->book()->withTrashed()->first();
+            /** @var BelongsTo<Book, Page>  $builder */
+            $builder = $this->book();
+            return $builder->withTrashed()->first();
         }
 
         return null;
@@ -295,7 +321,7 @@ abstract class Entity extends Model implements Sluggable, Favouritable, Viewable
     /**
      * Rebuild the permissions for this entity.
      */
-    public function rebuildPermissions()
+    public function rebuildPermissions(): void
     {
         app()->make(JointPermissionBuilder::class)->rebuildForEntity(clone $this);
     }
@@ -303,7 +329,7 @@ abstract class Entity extends Model implements Sluggable, Favouritable, Viewable
     /**
      * Index the current entity for search.
      */
-    public function indexForSearch()
+    public function indexForSearch(): void
     {
         app()->make(SearchIndex::class)->indexEntity(clone $this);
     }
@@ -313,7 +339,7 @@ abstract class Entity extends Model implements Sluggable, Favouritable, Viewable
      */
     public function refreshSlug(): string
     {
-        $this->slug = app()->make(SlugGenerator::class)->generate($this);
+        $this->slug = app()->make(SlugGenerator::class)->generate($this, $this->name);
 
         return $this->slug;
     }

app/Entities/Models/HasHtmlDescription.php

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
-
-use BookStack\Util\HtmlContentFilter;
-
-/**
- * @property string $description
- * @property string $description_html
- */
-trait HasHtmlDescription
-{
-    /**
-     * Get the HTML description for this book.
-     */
-    public function descriptionHtml(): string
-    {
-        $html = $this->description_html ?: '<p>' . nl2br(e($this->description)) . '</p>';
-        return HtmlContentFilter::removeScriptsFromHtmlString($html);
-    }
-}

app/Entities/Models/HtmlDescriptionInterface.php

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
+
+interface HtmlDescriptionInterface
+{
+    /**
+     * Get the HTML-based description for this item.
+     * By default, the content should be sanitised unless raw is set to true.
+     */
+    public function descriptionHtml(bool $raw = false): string;
+
+    /**
+     * Set the HTML-based description for this item.
+     */
+    public function setDescriptionHtml(string $html, string|null $plaintext = null): void;
+}

app/Entities/Models/HtmlDescriptionTrait.php

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
+
+use BookStack\Util\HtmlContentFilter;
+
+/**
+ * @property string $description
+ * @property string $description_html
+ */
+trait HtmlDescriptionTrait
+{
+    public function descriptionHtml(bool $raw = false): string
+    {
+        $html = $this->description_html ?: '<p>' . nl2br(e($this->description)) . '</p>';
+        if ($raw) {
+            return $html;
+        }
+
+        return HtmlContentFilter::removeScriptsFromHtmlString($html);
+    }
+
+    public function setDescriptionHtml(string $html, string|null $plaintext = null): void
+    {
+        $this->description_html = $html;
+
+        if ($plaintext !== null) {
+            $this->description = $plaintext;
+        }
+
+        if (empty($html) && !empty($plaintext)) {
+            $this->description_html = $this->descriptionHtml();
+        }
+    }
+}

app/Entities/Models/PageRevision.php

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class PageRevision extends Model implements Loggable
     /**
      * Get the previous revision for the same page if existing.
      */
-    public function getPrevious(): ?PageRevision
+    public function getPreviousRevision(): ?PageRevision
     {
         $id = static::newQuery()->where('page_id', '=', $this->page_id)
             ->where('id', '<', $this->id)

app/Entities/Queries/BookQueries.php

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Models\Book;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 
+/**
+ * @implements ProvidesEntityQueries<Book>
+ */
 class BookQueries implements ProvidesEntityQueries
 {
     protected static array $listAttributes = [
@@ -13,6 +16,9 @@ class BookQueries implements ProvidesEntityQueries
         'created_at', 'updated_at', 'image_id', 'owned_by',
     ];
 
+    /**
+     * @return Builder<Book>
+     */
     public function start(): Builder
     {
         return Book::query();

app/Entities/Queries/BookshelfQueries.php

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Models\Bookshelf;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 
+/**
+ * @implements ProvidesEntityQueries<Bookshelf>
+ */
 class BookshelfQueries implements ProvidesEntityQueries
 {
     protected static array $listAttributes = [
@@ -13,6 +16,9 @@ class BookshelfQueries implements ProvidesEntityQueries
         'created_at', 'updated_at', 'image_id', 'owned_by',
     ];
 
+    /**
+     * @return Builder<Bookshelf>
+     */
     public function start(): Builder
     {
         return Bookshelf::query();

app/Entities/Queries/ChapterQueries.php

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Models\Chapter;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 
+/**
+ * @implements ProvidesEntityQueries<Chapter>
+ */
 class ChapterQueries implements ProvidesEntityQueries
 {
     protected static array $listAttributes = [

app/Entities/Queries/EntityQueries.php

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ class EntityQueries
     /**
      * Start a query of visible entities of the given type,
      * suitable for listing display.
+     * @return Builder<Entity>
      */
     public function visibleForList(string $entityType): Builder
     {
@@ -44,7 +45,6 @@ class EntityQueries
 
     protected function getQueriesForType(string $type): ProvidesEntityQueries
     {
-        /** @var ?ProvidesEntityQueries $queries */
         $queries = match ($type) {
             'page' => $this->pages,
             'chapter' => $this->chapters,

app/Entities/Queries/PageQueries.php

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Models\Page;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 
+/**
+ * @implements ProvidesEntityQueries<Page>
+ */
 class PageQueries implements ProvidesEntityQueries
 {
     protected static array $contentAttributes = [
@@ -18,6 +21,9 @@ class PageQueries implements ProvidesEntityQueries
         'template', 'text', 'created_at', 'updated_at', 'priority', 'owned_by',
     ];
 
+    /**
+     * @return Builder<Page>
+     */
     public function start(): Builder
     {
         return Page::query();
@@ -66,6 +72,9 @@ class PageQueries implements ProvidesEntityQueries
             });
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return Builder<Page>
+     */
     public function visibleForList(): Builder
     {
         return $this->start()

app/Entities/Queries/ProvidesEntityQueries.php

@@ -7,28 +7,32 @@ use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 
 /**
  * Interface for our classes which provide common queries for our
- * entity objects. Ideally all queries for entities should run through
+ * entity objects. Ideally, all queries for entities should run through
  * these classes.
  * Any added methods should return a builder instances to allow extension
  * via building on the query, unless the method starts with 'find'
  * in which case an entity object should be returned.
  * (nullable unless it's a *OrFail method).
+ *
+ * @template TModel of Entity
  */
 interface ProvidesEntityQueries
 {
     /**
      * Start a new query for this entity type.
+     * @return Builder<TModel>
      */
     public function start(): Builder;
 
     /**
-     * Find the entity of the given ID, or return null if not found.
+     * Find the entity of the given ID or return null if not found.
      */
     public function findVisibleById(int $id): ?Entity;
 
     /**
      * Start a query for items that are visible, with selection
      * configured for list display of this item.
+     * @return Builder<TModel>
      */
     public function visibleForList(): Builder;
 }

app/Entities/Repos/BaseRepo.php

@@ -7,8 +7,9 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Models\Book;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\BookChild;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Chapter;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Entity;
-use BookStack\Entities\Models\HasCoverImage;
-use BookStack\Entities\Models\HasHtmlDescription;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\CoverImageInterface;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\HtmlDescriptionInterface;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\HtmlDescriptionTrait;
 use BookStack\Entities\Queries\PageQueries;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\ImageUploadException;
 use BookStack\References\ReferenceStore;
@@ -77,7 +78,6 @@ class BaseRepo
             $entity->touch();
         }
 
-        $entity->rebuildPermissions();
         $entity->indexForSearch();
         $this->referenceStore->updateForEntity($entity);
 
@@ -89,12 +89,10 @@ class BaseRepo
     /**
      * Update the given items' cover image, or clear it.
      *
-     * @param Entity&HasCoverImage $entity
-     *
      * @throws ImageUploadException
      * @throws \Exception
      */
-    public function updateCoverImage($entity, ?UploadedFile $coverImage, bool $removeImage = false)
+    public function updateCoverImage(Entity&CoverImageInterface $entity, ?UploadedFile $coverImage, bool $removeImage = false)
     {
         if ($coverImage) {
             $imageType = $entity->coverImageTypeKey();
@@ -106,7 +104,7 @@ class BaseRepo
 
         if ($removeImage) {
             $this->imageRepo->destroyImage($entity->cover()->first());
-            $entity->image_id = 0;
+            $entity->cover()->dissociate();
             $entity->save();
         }
     }
@@ -139,7 +137,7 @@ class BaseRepo
 
     /**
      * Sort the parent of the given entity, if any auto sort actions are set for it.
-     * Typical ran during create/update/insert events.
+     * Typically ran during create/update/insert events.
      */
     public function sortParent(Entity $entity): void
     {
@@ -151,18 +149,17 @@ class BaseRepo
 
     protected function updateDescription(Entity $entity, array $input): void
     {
-        if (!in_array(HasHtmlDescription::class, class_uses($entity))) {
+        if (!($entity instanceof HtmlDescriptionInterface)) {
             return;
         }
 
-        /** @var HasHtmlDescription $entity */
         if (isset($input['description_html'])) {
-            $entity->description_html = HtmlDescriptionFilter::filterFromString($input['description_html']);
-            $entity->description = html_entity_decode(strip_tags($input['description_html']));
+            $entity->setDescriptionHtml(
+                HtmlDescriptionFilter::filterFromString($input['description_html']),
+                html_entity_decode(strip_tags($input['description_html']))
+            );
         } else if (isset($input['description'])) {
-            $entity->description = $input['description'];
-            $entity->description_html = '';
-            $entity->description_html = $entity->descriptionHtml();
+            $entity->setDescriptionHtml('', $input['description']);
         }
     }
 }

app/Entities/Repos/BookRepo.php

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use BookStack\Exceptions\ImageUploadException;
 use BookStack\Facades\Activity;
 use BookStack\Sorting\SortRule;
 use BookStack\Uploads\ImageRepo;
+use BookStack\Util\DatabaseTransaction;
 use Exception;
 use Illuminate\Http\UploadedFile;
 
@@ -28,19 +29,22 @@ class BookRepo
      */
     public function create(array $input): Book
     {
-        $book = new Book();
-        $this->baseRepo->create($book, $input);
-        $this->baseRepo->updateCoverImage($book, $input['image'] ?? null);
-        $this->baseRepo->updateDefaultTemplate($book, intval($input['default_template_id'] ?? null));
-        Activity::add(ActivityType::BOOK_CREATE, $book);
+        return (new DatabaseTransaction(function () use ($input) {
+            $book = new Book();
 
-        $defaultBookSortSetting = intval(setting('sorting-book-default', '0'));
-        if ($defaultBookSortSetting && SortRule::query()->find($defaultBookSortSetting)) {
-            $book->sort_rule_id = $defaultBookSortSetting;
-            $book->save();
-        }
+            $this->baseRepo->create($book, $input);
+            $this->baseRepo->updateCoverImage($book, $input['image'] ?? null);
+            $this->baseRepo->updateDefaultTemplate($book, intval($input['default_template_id'] ?? null));
+            Activity::add(ActivityType::BOOK_CREATE, $book);
 
-        return $book;
+            $defaultBookSortSetting = intval(setting('sorting-book-default', '0'));
+            if ($defaultBookSortSetting && SortRule::query()->find($defaultBookSortSetting)) {
+                $book->sort_rule_id = $defaultBookSortSetting;
+                $book->save();
+            }
+
+            return $book;
+        }))->run();
     }
 
     /**

app/Entities/Repos/BookshelfRepo.php

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Models\Bookshelf;
 use BookStack\Entities\Queries\BookQueries;
 use BookStack\Entities\Tools\TrashCan;
 use BookStack\Facades\Activity;
+use BookStack\Util\DatabaseTransaction;
 use Exception;
 
 class BookshelfRepo
@@ -23,13 +24,14 @@ class BookshelfRepo
      */
     public function create(array $input, array $bookIds): Bookshelf
     {
-        $shelf = new Bookshelf();
-        $this->baseRepo->create($shelf, $input);
-        $this->baseRepo->updateCoverImage($shelf, $input['image'] ?? null);
-        $this->updateBooks($shelf, $bookIds);
-        Activity::add(ActivityType::BOOKSHELF_CREATE, $shelf);
-
-        return $shelf;
+        return (new DatabaseTransaction(function () use ($input, $bookIds) {
+            $shelf = new Bookshelf();
+            $this->baseRepo->create($shelf, $input);
+            $this->baseRepo->updateCoverImage($shelf, $input['image'] ?? null);
+            $this->updateBooks($shelf, $bookIds);
+            Activity::add(ActivityType::BOOKSHELF_CREATE, $shelf);
+            return $shelf;
+        }))->run();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -54,20 +56,37 @@ class BookshelfRepo
 
     /**
      * Update which books are assigned to this shelf by syncing the given book ids.
-     * Function ensures the books are visible to the current user and existing.
+     * Function ensures the managed books are visible to the current user and existing,
+     * and that the user does not alter the assignment of books that are not visible to them.
      */
-    protected function updateBooks(Bookshelf $shelf, array $bookIds)
+    protected function updateBooks(Bookshelf $shelf, array $bookIds): void
     {
         $numericIDs = collect($bookIds)->map(function ($id) {
             return intval($id);
         });
 
-        $syncData = $this->bookQueries->visibleForList()
+        $existingBookIds = $shelf->books()->pluck('id')->toArray();
+        $visibleExistingBookIds = $this->bookQueries->visibleForList()
+            ->whereIn('id', $existingBookIds)
+            ->pluck('id')
+            ->toArray();
+        $nonVisibleExistingBookIds = array_values(array_diff($existingBookIds, $visibleExistingBookIds));
+
+        $newIdsToAssign = $this->bookQueries->visibleForList()
             ->whereIn('id', $bookIds)
             ->pluck('id')
-            ->mapWithKeys(function ($bookId) use ($numericIDs) {
-                return [$bookId => ['order' => $numericIDs->search($bookId)]];
-            });
+            ->toArray();
+
+        $maxNewIndex = max($numericIDs->keys()->toArray() ?: [0]);
+
+        $syncData = [];
+        foreach ($newIdsToAssign as $id) {
+            $syncData[$id] = ['order' => $numericIDs->search($id)];
+        }
+
+        foreach ($nonVisibleExistingBookIds as $index => $id) {
+            $syncData[$id] = ['order' => $maxNewIndex + ($index + 1)];
+        }
 
         $shelf->books()->sync($syncData);
     }

app/Entities/Repos/ChapterRepo.php

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Tools\TrashCan;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\MoveOperationException;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\PermissionsException;
 use BookStack\Facades\Activity;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
+use BookStack\Util\DatabaseTransaction;
 use Exception;
 
 class ChapterRepo
@@ -27,16 +29,18 @@ class ChapterRepo
      */
     public function create(array $input, Book $parentBook): Chapter
     {
-        $chapter = new Chapter();
-        $chapter->book_id = $parentBook->id;
-        $chapter->priority = (new BookContents($parentBook))->getLastPriority() + 1;
-        $this->baseRepo->create($chapter, $input);
-        $this->baseRepo->updateDefaultTemplate($chapter, intval($input['default_template_id'] ?? null));
-        Activity::add(ActivityType::CHAPTER_CREATE, $chapter);
+        return (new DatabaseTransaction(function () use ($input, $parentBook) {
+            $chapter = new Chapter();
+            $chapter->book_id = $parentBook->id;
+            $chapter->priority = (new BookContents($parentBook))->getLastPriority() + 1;
+            $this->baseRepo->create($chapter, $input);
+            $this->baseRepo->updateDefaultTemplate($chapter, intval($input['default_template_id'] ?? null));
+            Activity::add(ActivityType::CHAPTER_CREATE, $chapter);
 
-        $this->baseRepo->sortParent($chapter);
+            $this->baseRepo->sortParent($chapter);
 
-        return $chapter;
+            return $chapter;
+        }))->run();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -84,16 +88,18 @@ class ChapterRepo
             throw new MoveOperationException('Book to move chapter into not found');
         }
 
-        if (!userCan('chapter-create', $parent)) {
+        if (!userCan(Permission::ChapterCreate, $parent)) {
             throw new PermissionsException('User does not have permission to create a chapter within the chosen book');
         }
 
-        $chapter->changeBook($parent->id);
-        $chapter->rebuildPermissions();
-        Activity::add(ActivityType::CHAPTER_MOVE, $chapter);
+        return (new DatabaseTransaction(function () use ($chapter, $parent) {
+            $chapter->changeBook($parent->id);
+            $chapter->rebuildPermissions();
+            Activity::add(ActivityType::CHAPTER_MOVE, $chapter);
 
-        $this->baseRepo->sortParent($chapter);
+            $this->baseRepo->sortParent($chapter);
 
-        return $parent;
+            return $parent;
+        }))->run();
     }
 }

app/Entities/Repos/PageRepo.php

@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Tools\TrashCan;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\MoveOperationException;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\PermissionsException;
 use BookStack\Facades\Activity;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\References\ReferenceStore;
 use BookStack\References\ReferenceUpdater;
+use BookStack\Util\DatabaseTransaction;
 use Exception;
 
 class PageRepo
@@ -54,15 +56,17 @@ class PageRepo
         }
 
         $defaultTemplate = $page->chapter->defaultTemplate ?? $page->book->defaultTemplate;
-        if ($defaultTemplate && userCan('view', $defaultTemplate)) {
+        if ($defaultTemplate && userCan(Permission::PageView, $defaultTemplate)) {
             $page->forceFill([
                 'html'  => $defaultTemplate->html,
                 'markdown' => $defaultTemplate->markdown,
             ]);
         }
 
-        $page->save();
-        $page->refresh()->rebuildPermissions();
+        (new DatabaseTransaction(function () use ($page) {
+            $page->save();
+            $page->refresh()->rebuildPermissions();
+        }))->run();
 
         return $page;
     }
@@ -72,26 +76,29 @@ class PageRepo
      */
     public function publishDraft(Page $draft, array $input): Page
     {
-        $draft->draft = false;
-        $draft->revision_count = 1;
-        $draft->priority = $this->getNewPriority($draft);
-        $this->updateTemplateStatusAndContentFromInput($draft, $input);
-        $this->baseRepo->update($draft, $input);
+        return (new DatabaseTransaction(function () use ($draft, $input) {
+            $draft->draft = false;
+            $draft->revision_count = 1;
+            $draft->priority = $this->getNewPriority($draft);
+            $this->updateTemplateStatusAndContentFromInput($draft, $input);
+            $this->baseRepo->update($draft, $input);
+            $draft->rebuildPermissions();
 
-        $summary = trim($input['summary'] ?? '') ?: trans('entities.pages_initial_revision');
-        $this->revisionRepo->storeNewForPage($draft, $summary);
-        $draft->refresh();
+            $summary = trim($input['summary'] ?? '') ?: trans('entities.pages_initial_revision');
+            $this->revisionRepo->storeNewForPage($draft, $summary);
+            $draft->refresh();
 
-        Activity::add(ActivityType::PAGE_CREATE, $draft);
-        $this->baseRepo->sortParent($draft);
+            Activity::add(ActivityType::PAGE_CREATE, $draft);
+            $this->baseRepo->sortParent($draft);
 
-        return $draft;
+            return $draft;
+        }))->run();
     }
 
     /**
      * Directly update the content for the given page from the provided input.
      * Used for direct content access in a way that performs required changes
-     * (Search index & reference regen) without performing an official update.
+     * (Search index and reference regen) without performing an official update.
      */
     public function setContentFromInput(Page $page, array $input): void
     {
@@ -116,7 +123,7 @@ class PageRepo
         $page->revision_count++;
         $page->save();
 
-        // Remove all update drafts for this user & page.
+        // Remove all update drafts for this user and page.
         $this->revisionRepo->deleteDraftsForCurrentUser($page);
 
         // Save a revision after updating
@@ -136,7 +143,7 @@ class PageRepo
 
     protected function updateTemplateStatusAndContentFromInput(Page $page, array $input): void
     {
-        if (isset($input['template']) && userCan('templates-manage')) {
+        if (isset($input['template']) && userCan(Permission::TemplatesManage)) {
             $page->template = ($input['template'] === 'true');
         }
 
@@ -159,7 +166,7 @@ class PageRepo
             $pageContent->setNewHTML($input['html'], user());
         }
 
-        if (($newEditor !== $currentEditor || empty($page->editor)) && userCan('editor-change')) {
+        if (($newEditor !== $currentEditor || empty($page->editor)) && userCan(Permission::EditorChange)) {
             $page->editor = $newEditor->value;
         } elseif (empty($page->editor)) {
             $page->editor = $defaultEditor->value;
@@ -265,20 +272,22 @@ class PageRepo
             throw new MoveOperationException('Book or chapter to move page into not found');
         }
 
-        if (!userCan('page-create', $parent)) {
+        if (!userCan(Permission::PageCreate, $parent)) {
             throw new PermissionsException('User does not have permission to create a page within the new parent');
         }
 
-        $page->chapter_id = ($parent instanceof Chapter) ? $parent->id : null;
-        $newBookId = ($parent instanceof Chapter) ? $parent->book->id : $parent->id;
-        $page->changeBook($newBookId);
-        $page->rebuildPermissions();
+        return (new DatabaseTransaction(function () use ($page, $parent) {
+            $page->chapter_id = ($parent instanceof Chapter) ? $parent->id : null;
+            $newBookId = ($parent instanceof Chapter) ? $parent->book->id : $parent->id;
+            $page->changeBook($newBookId);
+            $page->rebuildPermissions();
 
-        Activity::add(ActivityType::PAGE_MOVE, $page);
+            Activity::add(ActivityType::PAGE_MOVE, $page);
 
-        $this->baseRepo->sortParent($page);
+            $this->baseRepo->sortParent($page);
 
-        return $parent;
+            return $parent;
+        }))->run();
     }
 
     /**

app/Entities/Tools/Cloner.php

@@ -7,11 +7,12 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Models\Book;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Bookshelf;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Chapter;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Entity;
-use BookStack\Entities\Models\HasCoverImage;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\CoverImageInterface;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Page;
 use BookStack\Entities\Repos\BookRepo;
 use BookStack\Entities\Repos\ChapterRepo;
 use BookStack\Entities\Repos\PageRepo;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\Uploads\Image;
 use BookStack\Uploads\ImageService;
 use Illuminate\Http\UploadedFile;
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ class Cloner
 
         $copyChapter = $this->chapterRepo->create($chapterDetails, $parent);
 
-        if (userCan('page-create', $copyChapter)) {
+        if (userCan(Permission::PageCreate, $copyChapter)) {
             /** @var Page $page */
             foreach ($original->getVisiblePages() as $page) {
                 $this->clonePage($page, $copyChapter, $page->name);
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ class Cloner
 
     /**
      * Clone the given book.
-     * Clones all child chapters & pages.
+     * Clones all child chapters and pages.
      */
     public function cloneBook(Book $original, string $newName): Book
     {
@@ -74,11 +75,11 @@ class Cloner
         // Clone contents
         $directChildren = $original->getDirectVisibleChildren();
         foreach ($directChildren as $child) {
-            if ($child instanceof Chapter && userCan('chapter-create', $copyBook)) {
+            if ($child instanceof Chapter && userCan(Permission::ChapterCreate, $copyBook)) {
                 $this->cloneChapter($child, $copyBook, $child->name);
             }
 
-            if ($child instanceof Page && !$child->draft && userCan('page-create', $copyBook)) {
+            if ($child instanceof Page && !$child->draft && userCan(Permission::PageCreate, $copyBook)) {
                 $this->clonePage($child, $copyBook, $child->name);
             }
         }
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ class Cloner
         // Clone bookshelf relationships
         /** @var Bookshelf $shelf */
         foreach ($original->shelves as $shelf) {
-            if (userCan('bookshelf-update', $shelf)) {
+            if (userCan(Permission::BookshelfUpdate, $shelf)) {
                 $shelf->appendBook($copyBook);
             }
         }
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ class Cloner
         $inputData['tags'] = $this->entityTagsToInputArray($entity);
 
         // Add a cover to the data if existing on the original entity
-        if ($entity instanceof HasCoverImage) {
+        if ($entity instanceof CoverImageInterface) {
             $cover = $entity->cover()->first();
             if ($cover) {
                 $inputData['image'] = $this->imageToUploadedFile($cover);

app/Entities/Tools/HierarchyTransformer.php

@@ -13,17 +13,12 @@ use BookStack\Facades\Activity;
 
 class HierarchyTransformer
 {
-    protected BookRepo $bookRepo;
-    protected BookshelfRepo $shelfRepo;
-    protected Cloner $cloner;
-    protected TrashCan $trashCan;
-
-    public function __construct(BookRepo $bookRepo, BookshelfRepo $shelfRepo, Cloner $cloner, TrashCan $trashCan)
-    {
-        $this->bookRepo = $bookRepo;
-        $this->shelfRepo = $shelfRepo;
-        $this->cloner = $cloner;
-        $this->trashCan = $trashCan;
+    public function __construct(
+        protected BookRepo $bookRepo,
+        protected BookshelfRepo $shelfRepo,
+        protected Cloner $cloner,
+        protected TrashCan $trashCan
+    ) {
     }
 
     /**

app/Entities/Tools/PageContent.php

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Queries\PageQueries;
 use BookStack\Entities\Tools\Markdown\MarkdownToHtml;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\ImageUploadException;
 use BookStack\Facades\Theme;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\Theming\ThemeEvents;
 use BookStack\Uploads\ImageRepo;
 use BookStack\Uploads\ImageService;
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ class PageContent
         $imageInfo = $this->parseBase64ImageUri($uri);
 
         // Validate user has permission to create images
-        if (!$updater->can('image-create-all')) {
+        if (!$updater->can(Permission::ImageCreateAll)) {
             return '';
         }
 

app/Entities/Tools/PageEditActivity.php

@@ -4,19 +4,15 @@ namespace BookStack\Entities\Tools;
 
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Page;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\PageRevision;
+use BookStack\Util\DateFormatter;
 use Carbon\Carbon;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 
 class PageEditActivity
 {
-    protected Page $page;
-
-    /**
-     * PageEditActivity constructor.
-     */
-    public function __construct(Page $page)
-    {
-        $this->page = $page;
+    public function __construct(
+        protected Page $page
+    ) {
     }
 
     /**
@@ -50,11 +46,9 @@ class PageEditActivity
     /**
      * Get any editor clash warning messages to show for the given draft revision.
      *
-     * @param PageRevision|Page $draft
-     *
      * @return string[]
      */
-    public function getWarningMessagesForDraft($draft): array
+    public function getWarningMessagesForDraft(Page|PageRevision $draft): array
     {
         $warnings = [];
 
@@ -82,7 +76,8 @@ class PageEditActivity
      */
     public function getEditingActiveDraftMessage(PageRevision $draft): string
     {
-        $message = trans('entities.pages_editing_draft_notification', ['timeDiff' => $draft->updated_at->diffForHumans()]);
+        $formatter = resolve(DateFormatter::class);
+        $message = trans('entities.pages_editing_draft_notification', ['timeDiff' => $formatter->relative($draft->updated_at)]);
         if ($draft->page->updated_at->timestamp <= $draft->updated_at->timestamp) {
             return $message;
         }

app/Entities/Tools/PageEditorData.php

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Models\Page;
 use BookStack\Entities\Queries\EntityQueries;
 use BookStack\Entities\Tools\Markdown\HtmlToMarkdown;
 use BookStack\Entities\Tools\Markdown\MarkdownToHtml;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 
 class PageEditorData
 {
@@ -98,9 +99,9 @@ class PageEditorData
     {
         $editorType = PageEditorType::forPage($page) ?: PageEditorType::getSystemDefault();
 
-        // Use requested editor if valid and if we have permission
+        // Use the requested editor if valid and if we have permission
         $requestedType = PageEditorType::fromRequestValue($this->requestedEditor);
-        if ($requestedType && userCan('editor-change')) {
+        if ($requestedType && userCan(Permission::EditorChange)) {
             $editorType = $requestedType;
         }
 

app/Entities/Tools/PageIncludeParser.php

@@ -7,15 +7,14 @@ use Closure;
 use DOMDocument;
 use DOMElement;
 use DOMNode;
-use DOMText;
 
 class PageIncludeParser
 {
     protected static string $includeTagRegex = "/{{@\s?([0-9].*?)}}/";
 
     /**
-     * Elements to clean up and remove if left empty after a parsing operation.
-     * @var DOMElement[]
+     * Nodes to clean up and remove if left empty after a parsing operation.
+     * @var DOMNode[]
      */
     protected array $toCleanup = [];
 
@@ -159,7 +158,7 @@ class PageIncludeParser
 
     /**
      * Splits the given $parentNode at the location of the $domNode within it.
-     * Attempts replicate the original $parentNode, moving some of their parent
+     * Attempts to replicate the original $parentNode, moving some of their parent
      * children in where needed, before adding the $domNode between.
      */
     protected function splitNodeAtChildNode(DOMElement $parentNode, DOMNode $domNode): void
@@ -171,6 +170,10 @@ class PageIncludeParser
         }
 
         $parentClone = $parentNode->cloneNode();
+        if (!($parentClone instanceof DOMElement)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
         $parentNode->parentNode->insertBefore($parentClone, $parentNode);
         $parentClone->removeAttribute('id');
 
@@ -203,7 +206,7 @@ class PageIncludeParser
     }
 
     /**
-     * Cleanup after a parse operation.
+     * Clean up after a parse operation.
      * Removes stranded elements we may have left during the parse.
      */
     protected function cleanup(): void

app/Entities/Tools/PermissionsUpdater.php

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Models\Bookshelf;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Entity;
 use BookStack\Facades\Activity;
 use BookStack\Permissions\Models\EntityPermission;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\Role;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
@@ -93,8 +94,9 @@ class PermissionsUpdater
 
         foreach ($permissions as $roleId => $info) {
             $entityPermissionData = ['role_id' => $roleId];
-            foreach (EntityPermission::PERMISSIONS as $permission) {
-                $entityPermissionData[$permission] = (($info[$permission] ?? false) === "true");
+            foreach (Permission::genericForEntity() as $permission) {
+                $permName = $permission->value;
+                $entityPermissionData[$permName] = (($info[$permName] ?? false) === "true");
             }
             $formatted[] = $entityPermissionData;
         }
@@ -108,8 +110,9 @@ class PermissionsUpdater
 
         foreach ($permissions as $requestPermissionData) {
             $entityPermissionData = ['role_id' => $requestPermissionData['role_id']];
-            foreach (EntityPermission::PERMISSIONS as $permission) {
-                $entityPermissionData[$permission] = boolval($requestPermissionData[$permission] ?? false);
+            foreach (Permission::genericForEntity() as $permission) {
+                $permName = $permission->value;
+                $entityPermissionData[$permName] = boolval($requestPermissionData[$permName] ?? false);
             }
             $formatted[] = $entityPermissionData;
         }
@@ -147,7 +150,7 @@ class PermissionsUpdater
 
         /** @var Book $book */
         foreach ($shelfBooks as $book) {
-            if ($checkUserPermissions && !userCan('restrictions-manage', $book)) {
+            if ($checkUserPermissions && !userCan(Permission::RestrictionsManage, $book)) {
                 continue;
             }
             $book->permissions()->delete();

app/Entities/Tools/SlugGenerator.php

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 namespace BookStack\Entities\Tools;
 
 use BookStack\App\Model;
-use BookStack\App\Sluggable;
+use BookStack\App\SluggableInterface;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\BookChild;
 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ class SlugGenerator
      * Generate a fresh slug for the given entity.
      * The slug will be generated so that it doesn't conflict within the same parent item.
      */
-    public function generate(Sluggable $model): string
+    public function generate(SluggableInterface&Model $model, string $slugSource): string
     {
-        $slug = $this->formatNameAsSlug($model->name);
+        $slug = $this->formatNameAsSlug($slugSource);
         while ($this->slugInUse($slug, $model)) {
             $slug .= '-' . Str::random(3);
         }
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class SlugGenerator
     }
 
     /**
-     * Format a name as a url slug.
+     * Format a name as a URL slug.
      */
     protected function formatNameAsSlug(string $name): string
     {
@@ -39,10 +39,8 @@ class SlugGenerator
     /**
      * Check if a slug is already in-use for this
      * type of model within the same parent.
-     *
-     * @param Sluggable&Model $model
      */
-    protected function slugInUse(string $slug, Sluggable $model): bool
+    protected function slugInUse(string $slug, SluggableInterface&Model $model): bool
     {
         $query = $model->newQuery()->where('slug', '=', $slug);
 

app/Entities/Tools/TrashCan.php

@@ -8,13 +8,14 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Models\Bookshelf;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Chapter;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Deletion;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Entity;
-use BookStack\Entities\Models\HasCoverImage;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\CoverImageInterface;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Page;
 use BookStack\Entities\Queries\EntityQueries;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\NotifyException;
 use BookStack\Facades\Activity;
 use BookStack\Uploads\AttachmentService;
 use BookStack\Uploads\ImageService;
+use BookStack\Util\DatabaseTransaction;
 use Exception;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 use Illuminate\Support\Carbon;
@@ -357,25 +358,26 @@ class TrashCan
 
     /**
      * Destroy the given entity.
+     * Returns the number of total entities destroyed in the operation.
      *
      * @throws Exception
      */
     public function destroyEntity(Entity $entity): int
     {
-        if ($entity instanceof Page) {
-            return $this->destroyPage($entity);
-        }
-        if ($entity instanceof Chapter) {
-            return $this->destroyChapter($entity);
-        }
-        if ($entity instanceof Book) {
-            return $this->destroyBook($entity);
-        }
-        if ($entity instanceof Bookshelf) {
-            return $this->destroyShelf($entity);
-        }
+        $result = (new DatabaseTransaction(function () use ($entity) {
+            if ($entity instanceof Page) {
+                return $this->destroyPage($entity);
+            } else if ($entity instanceof Chapter) {
+                return $this->destroyChapter($entity);
+            } else if ($entity instanceof Book) {
+                return $this->destroyBook($entity);
+            } else if ($entity instanceof Bookshelf) {
+                return $this->destroyShelf($entity);
+            }
+            return null;
+        }))->run();
 
-        return 0;
+        return $result ?? 0;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -396,7 +398,7 @@ class TrashCan
         $entity->referencesTo()->delete();
         $entity->referencesFrom()->delete();
 
-        if ($entity instanceof HasCoverImage && $entity->cover()->exists()) {
+        if ($entity instanceof CoverImageInterface && $entity->cover()->exists()) {
             $imageService = app()->make(ImageService::class);
             $imageService->destroy($entity->cover()->first());
         }

app/Exceptions/Handler.php

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 namespace BookStack\Exceptions;
 
-use Exception;
 use Illuminate\Auth\AuthenticationException;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\ModelNotFoundException;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Exceptions\Handler as ExceptionHandler;
@@ -12,6 +11,7 @@ use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 use Illuminate\Http\Response;
 use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
 use Symfony\Component\ErrorHandler\Error\FatalError;
+use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response as SymfonyResponse;
 use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\HttpExceptionInterface;
 use Throwable;
 
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class Handler extends ExceptionHandler
     /**
      * A list of the exception types that are not reported.
      *
-     * @var array<int, class-string<\Throwable>>
+     * @var array<int, class-string<Throwable>>
      */
     protected $dontReport = [
         NotFoundException::class,
@@ -50,11 +50,11 @@ class Handler extends ExceptionHandler
     /**
      * Report or log an exception.
      *
-     * @param \Throwable $exception
-     *
-     * @throws \Throwable
+     * @param Throwable $exception
      *
      * @return void
+     *@throws Throwable
+     *
      */
     public function report(Throwable $exception)
     {
@@ -64,12 +64,9 @@ class Handler extends ExceptionHandler
     /**
      * Render an exception into an HTTP response.
      *
-     * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
-     * @param Exception                $e
-     *
-     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
+     * @param Request $request
      */
-    public function render($request, Throwable $e)
+    public function render($request, Throwable $e): SymfonyResponse
     {
         if ($e instanceof FatalError && str_contains($e->getMessage(), 'bytes exhausted (tried to allocate') && $this->onOutOfMemory) {
             $response = call_user_func($this->onOutOfMemory);
@@ -94,7 +91,7 @@ class Handler extends ExceptionHandler
      * If the callable returns a response, this response will be returned
      * to the request upon error.
      */
-    public function prepareForOutOfMemory(callable $onOutOfMemory)
+    public function prepareForOutOfMemory(callable $onOutOfMemory): void
     {
         $this->onOutOfMemory = $onOutOfMemory;
     }
@@ -102,7 +99,7 @@ class Handler extends ExceptionHandler
     /**
      * Forget the current out of memory handler, if existing.
      */
-    public function forgetOutOfMemoryHandler()
+    public function forgetOutOfMemoryHandler(): void
     {
         $this->onOutOfMemory = null;
     }
@@ -152,12 +149,9 @@ class Handler extends ExceptionHandler
     /**
      * Convert an authentication exception into an unauthenticated response.
      *
-     * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request                 $request
-     * @param \Illuminate\Auth\AuthenticationException $exception
-     *
-     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
+     * @param Request $request
      */
-    protected function unauthenticated($request, AuthenticationException $exception)
+    protected function unauthenticated($request, AuthenticationException $exception): SymfonyResponse
     {
         if ($request->expectsJson()) {
             return response()->json(['error' => 'Unauthenticated.'], 401);
@@ -169,12 +163,9 @@ class Handler extends ExceptionHandler
     /**
      * Convert a validation exception into a JSON response.
      *
-     * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request                   $request
-     * @param \Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException $exception
-     *
-     * @return \Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
+     * @param Request $request
      */
-    protected function invalidJson($request, ValidationException $exception)
+    protected function invalidJson($request, ValidationException $exception): JsonResponse
     {
         return response()->json($exception->errors(), $exception->status);
     }

app/Exports/Controllers/BookExportApiController.php

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ namespace BookStack\Exports\Controllers;
 
 use BookStack\Entities\Queries\BookQueries;
 use BookStack\Exports\ExportFormatter;
+use BookStack\Exports\ZipExports\ZipExportBuilder;
 use BookStack\Http\ApiController;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use Throwable;
 
 class BookExportApiController extends ApiController
@@ -13,7 +15,7 @@ class BookExportApiController extends ApiController
         protected ExportFormatter $exportFormatter,
         protected BookQueries $queries,
     ) {
-        $this->middleware('can:content-export');
+        $this->middleware(Permission::ContentExport->middleware());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -63,4 +65,15 @@ class BookExportApiController extends ApiController
 
         return $this->download()->directly($markdown, $book->slug . '.md');
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Export a book as a contained ZIP export file.
+     */
+    public function exportZip(int $id, ZipExportBuilder $builder)
+    {
+        $book = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail($id);
+        $zip = $builder->buildForBook($book);
+
+        return $this->download()->streamedFileDirectly($zip, $book->slug . '.zip', true);
+    }
 }

app/Exports/Controllers/BookExportController.php

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use BookStack\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
 use BookStack\Exports\ExportFormatter;
 use BookStack\Exports\ZipExports\ZipExportBuilder;
 use BookStack\Http\Controller;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use Throwable;
 
 class BookExportController extends Controller
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ class BookExportController extends Controller
         protected BookQueries $queries,
         protected ExportFormatter $exportFormatter,
     ) {
-        $this->middleware('can:content-export');
+        $this->middleware(Permission::ContentExport->middleware());
         $this->middleware('throttle:exports');
     }
 

app/Exports/Controllers/ChapterExportApiController.php

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ namespace BookStack\Exports\Controllers;
 
 use BookStack\Entities\Queries\ChapterQueries;
 use BookStack\Exports\ExportFormatter;
+use BookStack\Exports\ZipExports\ZipExportBuilder;
 use BookStack\Http\ApiController;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use Throwable;
 
 class ChapterExportApiController extends ApiController
@@ -13,7 +15,7 @@ class ChapterExportApiController extends ApiController
         protected ExportFormatter $exportFormatter,
         protected ChapterQueries $queries,
     ) {
-        $this->middleware('can:content-export');
+        $this->middleware(Permission::ContentExport->middleware());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -63,4 +65,15 @@ class ChapterExportApiController extends ApiController
 
         return $this->download()->directly($markdown, $chapter->slug . '.md');
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Export a chapter as a contained ZIP file.
+     */
+    public function exportZip(int $id, ZipExportBuilder $builder)
+    {
+        $chapter = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail($id);
+        $zip = $builder->buildForChapter($chapter);
+
+        return $this->download()->streamedFileDirectly($zip, $chapter->slug . '.zip', true);
+    }
 }

app/Exports/Controllers/ChapterExportController.php

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use BookStack\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
 use BookStack\Exports\ExportFormatter;
 use BookStack\Exports\ZipExports\ZipExportBuilder;
 use BookStack\Http\Controller;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use Throwable;
 
 class ChapterExportController extends Controller
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ class ChapterExportController extends Controller
         protected ChapterQueries $queries,
         protected ExportFormatter $exportFormatter,
     ) {
-        $this->middleware('can:content-export');
+        $this->middleware(Permission::ContentExport->middleware());
         $this->middleware('throttle:exports');
     }
 

app/Exports/Controllers/ImportApiController.php

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace BookStack\Exports\Controllers;
+
+use BookStack\Exceptions\ZipImportException;
+use BookStack\Exceptions\ZipValidationException;
+use BookStack\Exports\ImportRepo;
+use BookStack\Http\ApiController;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
+use BookStack\Uploads\AttachmentService;
+use Illuminate\Http\Request;
+use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;
+use Illuminate\Http\Response;
+
+class ImportApiController extends ApiController
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        protected ImportRepo $imports,
+    ) {
+        $this->middleware(Permission::ContentImport->middleware());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * List existing ZIP imports visible to the user.
+     * Requires permission to import content.
+     */
+    public function list(): JsonResponse
+    {
+        $query = $this->imports->queryVisible();
+
+        return $this->apiListingResponse($query, [
+            'id', 'name', 'size', 'type', 'created_by', 'created_at', 'updated_at'
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start a new import from a ZIP file.
+     * This does not actually run the import since that is performed via the "run" endpoint.
+     * This uploads, validates and stores the ZIP file so it's ready to be imported.
+     *
+     * This "file" parameter must be a BookStack-compatible ZIP file, and this must be
+     * sent via a 'multipart/form-data' type request.
+     *
+     * Requires permission to import content.
+     */
+    public function create(Request $request): JsonResponse
+    {
+        $this->validate($request, $this->rules()['create']);
+
+        $file = $request->file('file');
+
+        try {
+            $import = $this->imports->storeFromUpload($file);
+        } catch (ZipValidationException $exception) {
+            $message = "ZIP upload failed with the following validation errors: \n" . $this->formatErrors($exception->errors);
+            return $this->jsonError($message, 422);
+        }
+
+        return response()->json($import);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read details of a pending ZIP import.
+     * The "details" property contains high-level metadata regarding the ZIP import content,
+     * and the structure of this will change depending on import "type".
+     * Requires permission to import content.
+     */
+    public function read(int $id): JsonResponse
+    {
+        $import = $this->imports->findVisible($id);
+
+        $import->setAttribute('details', $import->decodeMetadata());
+
+        return response()->json($import);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Run the import process for an uploaded ZIP import.
+     * The "parent_id" and "parent_type" parameters are required when the import type is "chapter" or "page".
+     * On success, this endpoint returns the imported item.
+     * Requires permission to import content.
+     */
+    public function run(int $id, Request $request): JsonResponse
+    {
+        $import = $this->imports->findVisible($id);
+        $parent = null;
+        $rules = $this->rules()['run'];
+
+        if ($import->type === 'page' || $import->type === 'chapter') {
+            $rules['parent_type'][] = 'required';
+            $rules['parent_id'][] = 'required';
+            $data = $this->validate($request, $rules);
+            $parent = "{$data['parent_type']}:{$data['parent_id']}";
+        }
+
+        try {
+            $entity = $this->imports->runImport($import, $parent);
+        } catch (ZipImportException $exception) {
+            $message = "ZIP import failed with the following errors: \n" . $this->formatErrors($exception->errors);
+            return $this->jsonError($message);
+        }
+
+        return response()->json($entity->withoutRelations());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Delete a pending ZIP import from the system.
+     * Requires permission to import content.
+     */
+    public function delete(int $id): Response
+    {
+        $import = $this->imports->findVisible($id);
+        $this->imports->deleteImport($import);
+
+        return response('', 204);
+    }
+
+    protected function rules(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'create' => [
+                'file' => ['required', ...AttachmentService::getFileValidationRules()],
+            ],
+            'run' => [
+                'parent_type' => ['string', 'in:book,chapter'],
+                'parent_id' => ['int'],
+            ],
+        ];
+    }
+
+    protected function formatErrors(array $errors): string
+    {
+        $parts = [];
+        foreach ($errors as $key => $error) {
+            if (is_string($key)) {
+                $parts[] = "[{$key}] {$error}";
+            } else {
+                $parts[] = $error;
+            }
+        }
+        return implode("\n", $parts);
+    }
+}

app/Exports/Controllers/ImportController.php

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use BookStack\Exceptions\ZipImportException;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\ZipValidationException;
 use BookStack\Exports\ImportRepo;
 use BookStack\Http\Controller;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\Uploads\AttachmentService;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ class ImportController extends Controller
     public function __construct(
         protected ImportRepo $imports,
     ) {
-        $this->middleware('can:content-import');
+        $this->middleware(Permission::ContentImport->middleware());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ class ImportController extends Controller
         try {
             $entity = $this->imports->runImport($import, $parent);
         } catch (ZipImportException $exception) {
-            session()->flush();
+            session()->forget(['success', 'warning']);
             $this->showErrorNotification(trans('errors.import_zip_failed_notification'));
             return redirect($import->getUrl())->with('import_errors', $exception->errors);
         }

app/Exports/Controllers/PageExportApiController.php

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ namespace BookStack\Exports\Controllers;
 
 use BookStack\Entities\Queries\PageQueries;
 use BookStack\Exports\ExportFormatter;
+use BookStack\Exports\ZipExports\ZipExportBuilder;
 use BookStack\Http\ApiController;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use Throwable;
 
 class PageExportApiController extends ApiController
@@ -13,7 +15,7 @@ class PageExportApiController extends ApiController
         protected ExportFormatter $exportFormatter,
         protected PageQueries $queries,
     ) {
-        $this->middleware('can:content-export');
+        $this->middleware(Permission::ContentExport->middleware());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -63,4 +65,15 @@ class PageExportApiController extends ApiController
 
         return $this->download()->directly($markdown, $page->slug . '.md');
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Export a page as a contained ZIP file.
+     */
+    public function exportZip(int $id, ZipExportBuilder $builder)
+    {
+        $page = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail($id);
+        $zip = $builder->buildForPage($page);
+
+        return $this->download()->streamedFileDirectly($zip, $page->slug . '.zip', true);
+    }
 }

app/Exports/Controllers/PageExportController.php

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use BookStack\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
 use BookStack\Exports\ExportFormatter;
 use BookStack\Exports\ZipExports\ZipExportBuilder;
 use BookStack\Http\Controller;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use Throwable;
 
 class PageExportController extends Controller
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ class PageExportController extends Controller
         protected PageQueries $queries,
         protected ExportFormatter $exportFormatter,
     ) {
-        $this->middleware('can:content-export');
+        $this->middleware(Permission::ContentExport->middleware());
         $this->middleware('throttle:exports');
     }
 

app/Exports/Import.php

@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ class Import extends Model implements Loggable
 {
     use HasFactory;
 
+    protected $hidden = ['metadata'];
+
     public function getSizeString(): string
     {
         $mb = round($this->size / 1000000, 2);

app/Exports/ImportRepo.php

@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ use BookStack\Exports\ZipExports\ZipExportReader;
 use BookStack\Exports\ZipExports\ZipExportValidator;
 use BookStack\Exports\ZipExports\ZipImportRunner;
 use BookStack\Facades\Activity;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\Uploads\FileStorage;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
 use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\File\UploadedFile;
@@ -34,21 +36,29 @@ class ImportRepo
      * @return Collection<Import>
      */
     public function getVisibleImports(): Collection
+    {
+        return $this->queryVisible()->get();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return Builder<Import>
+     */
+    public function queryVisible(): Builder
     {
         $query = Import::query();
 
-        if (!userCan('settings-manage')) {
+        if (!userCan(Permission::SettingsManage)) {
             $query->where('created_by', user()->id);
         }
 
-        return $query->get();
+        return $query;
     }
 
     public function findVisible(int $id): Import
     {
         $query = Import::query();
 
-        if (!userCan('settings-manage')) {
+        if (!userCan(Permission::SettingsManage)) {
             $query->where('created_by', user()->id);
         }
 

app/Exports/ZipExports/Models/ZipExportAttachment.php

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use BookStack\Exports\ZipExports\ZipExportFiles;
 use BookStack\Exports\ZipExports\ZipValidationHelper;
 use BookStack\Uploads\Attachment;
 
-class ZipExportAttachment extends ZipExportModel
+final class ZipExportAttachment extends ZipExportModel
 {
     public ?int $id = null;
     public string $name;
@@ -52,9 +52,9 @@ class ZipExportAttachment extends ZipExportModel
         return $context->validateData($data, $rules);
     }
 
-    public static function fromArray(array $data): self
+    public static function fromArray(array $data): static
     {
-        $model = new self();
+        $model = new static();
 
         $model->id = $data['id'] ?? null;
         $model->name = $data['name'];

app/Exports/ZipExports/Models/ZipExportBook.php

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Models\Page;
 use BookStack\Exports\ZipExports\ZipExportFiles;
 use BookStack\Exports\ZipExports\ZipValidationHelper;
 
-class ZipExportBook extends ZipExportModel
+final class ZipExportBook extends ZipExportModel
 {
     public ?int $id = null;
     public string $name;
@@ -101,9 +101,9 @@ class ZipExportBook extends ZipExportModel
         return $errors;
     }
 
-    public static function fromArray(array $data): self
+    public static function fromArray(array $data): static
     {
-        $model = new self();
+        $model = new static();
 
         $model->id = $data['id'] ?? null;
         $model->name = $data['name'];

app/Exports/ZipExports/Models/ZipExportChapter.php

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Models\Page;
 use BookStack\Exports\ZipExports\ZipExportFiles;
 use BookStack\Exports\ZipExports\ZipValidationHelper;
 
-class ZipExportChapter extends ZipExportModel
+final class ZipExportChapter extends ZipExportModel
 {
     public ?int $id = null;
     public string $name;
@@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ class ZipExportChapter extends ZipExportModel
         return $errors;
     }
 
-    public static function fromArray(array $data): self
+    public static function fromArray(array $data): static
     {
-        $model = new self();
+        $model = new static();
 
         $model->id = $data['id'] ?? null;
         $model->name = $data['name'];

app/Exports/ZipExports/Models/ZipExportImage.php

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use BookStack\Exports\ZipExports\ZipValidationHelper;
 use BookStack\Uploads\Image;
 use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;
 
-class ZipExportImage extends ZipExportModel
+final class ZipExportImage extends ZipExportModel
 {
     public ?int $id = null;
     public string $name;
@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ class ZipExportImage extends ZipExportModel
         return $context->validateData($data, $rules);
     }
 
-    public static function fromArray(array $data): self
+    public static function fromArray(array $data): static
     {
-        $model = new self();
+        $model = new static();
 
         $model->id = $data['id'] ?? null;
         $model->name = $data['name'];

app/Exports/ZipExports/Models/ZipExportModel.php

@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@ abstract class ZipExportModel implements JsonSerializable
     /**
      * Decode the array of data into this export model.
      */
-    abstract public static function fromArray(array $data): self;
+    abstract public static function fromArray(array $data): static;
 
     /**
      * Decode an array of array data into an array of export models.
      * @param array[] $data
-     * @return self[]
+     * @return static[]
      */
     public static function fromManyArray(array $data): array
     {

app/Exports/ZipExports/Models/ZipExportPage.php

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Tools\PageContent;
 use BookStack\Exports\ZipExports\ZipExportFiles;
 use BookStack\Exports\ZipExports\ZipValidationHelper;
 
-class ZipExportPage extends ZipExportModel
+final class ZipExportPage extends ZipExportModel
 {
     public ?int $id = null;
     public string $name;
@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ class ZipExportPage extends ZipExportModel
         return $errors;
     }
 
-    public static function fromArray(array $data): self
+    public static function fromArray(array $data): static
     {
-        $model = new self();
+        $model = new static();
 
         $model->id = $data['id'] ?? null;
         $model->name = $data['name'];

app/Exports/ZipExports/Models/ZipExportTag.php

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ namespace BookStack\Exports\ZipExports\Models;
 use BookStack\Activity\Models\Tag;
 use BookStack\Exports\ZipExports\ZipValidationHelper;
 
-class ZipExportTag extends ZipExportModel
+final class ZipExportTag extends ZipExportModel
 {
     public string $name;
     public ?string $value = null;
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ class ZipExportTag extends ZipExportModel
         return $context->validateData($data, $rules);
     }
 
-    public static function fromArray(array $data): self
+    public static function fromArray(array $data): static
     {
-        $model = new self();
+        $model = new static();
 
         $model->name = $data['name'];
         $model->value = $data['value'] ?? null;

app/Exports/ZipExports/ZipExportBuilder.php

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class ZipExportBuilder
 
         $zipFile = tempnam(sys_get_temp_dir(), 'bszip-');
         $zip = new ZipArchive();
-        $opened = $zip->open($zipFile, ZipArchive::CREATE);
+        $opened = $zip->open($zipFile, ZipArchive::OVERWRITE);
         if ($opened !== true) {
             throw new ZipExportException('Failed to create zip file for export.');
         }