Updated version and assets for release v25.11.3

Provides greater consideration to the storage type used and the fact
that it'll place images in public space by default.

.env.example

@@ -26,6 +26,13 @@ DB_DATABASE=database_database
 DB_USERNAME=database_username
 DB_PASSWORD=database_user_password
 
+# Storage system to use
+# By default files are stored on the local filesystem, with images being placed in
+# public web space so they can be efficiently served directly by the web-server.
+# For other options with different security levels & considerations, refer to:
+# https://www.bookstackapp.com/docs/admin/upload-config/
+STORAGE_TYPE=local
+
 # Mail system to use
 # Can be 'smtp' or 'sendmail'
 MAIL_DRIVER=smtp

.github/translators.txt

@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ Alexander Predl (Harveyhase68) :: German
 Rem (Rem9000) :: Dutch
 Michał Stelmach (stelmach-web) :: Polish
 arniom :: French
-REMOVED_USER :: French; Dutch; Portuguese, Brazilian; Portuguese; Turkish; 
+REMOVED_USER :: French; German; Dutch; Portuguese, Brazilian; Portuguese; Turkish; 
 林祖年 (contagion) :: Chinese Traditional
 Siamak Guodarzi (siamakgoudarzi88) :: Persian
 Lis Maestrelo (lismtrl) :: Portuguese, Brazilian
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ SmokingCrop :: Dutch
 Maciej Lebiest (Szwendacz) :: Polish
 DiscordDigital :: German; German Informal
 Gábor Marton (dodver) :: Hungarian
-Jasell :: Swedish
+Jakob Åsell (Jasell) :: Swedish
 Ghost_chu (ghostchu) :: Chinese Simplified
 Ravid Shachar (ravidshachar) :: Hebrew
 Helga Guchshenskaya (guchshenskaya) :: Russian
@@ -509,3 +509,6 @@ iamwhoiamwhoami :: Swedish
 Grogui :: French
 MrCharlesIII :: Arabic
 David Olsen (dawin) :: Danish
+ltnzr :: French
+Frank Holler (holler.frank) :: German; German Informal
+Korab Arifi (korabidev) :: Albanian

.github/workflows/test-migrations.yml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        php: ['8.2', '8.3', '8.4']
+        php: ['8.2', '8.3', '8.4', '8.5']
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 

.github/workflows/test-php.yml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        php: ['8.2', '8.3', '8.4']
+        php: ['8.2', '8.3', '8.4', '8.5']
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 

.gitignore

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ Homestead.yaml
 .idea
 npm-debug.log
 yarn-error.log
-/public/dist
+/public/dist/*.map
 /public/plugins
-/public/css
-/public/js
+/public/css/*.map
+/public/js/*.map
 /public/bower
 /public/build/
 /public/favicon.ico

app/Access/Mfa/MfaSession.php

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ class MfaSession
      */
     public function isRequiredForUser(User $user): bool
     {
-        // TODO - Test both these cases
         return $user->mfaValues()->exists() || $this->userRoleEnforcesMfa($user);
     }
 

app/Access/Mfa/MfaValue.php

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ namespace BookStack\Access\Mfa;
 
 use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
 use Carbon\Carbon;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 
 /**
@@ -16,6 +17,8 @@ use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
  */
 class MfaValue extends Model
 {
+    use HasFactory;
+
     protected static $unguarded = true;
 
     const METHOD_TOTP = 'totp';

app/Access/SocialAccount.php

@@ -5,18 +5,23 @@ namespace BookStack\Access;
 use BookStack\Activity\Models\Loggable;
 use BookStack\App\Model;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
 
 /**
- * Class SocialAccount.
- *
  * @property string $driver
  * @property User   $user
  */
 class SocialAccount extends Model implements Loggable
 {
-    protected $fillable = ['user_id', 'driver', 'driver_id', 'timestamps'];
+    use HasFactory;
 
-    public function user()
+    protected $fillable = ['user_id', 'driver', 'driver_id'];
+
+    /**
+     * @return BelongsTo<User, $this>
+     */
+    public function user(): BelongsTo
     {
         return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
     }

app/Activity/CommentRepo.php

@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ namespace BookStack\Activity;
 
 use BookStack\Activity\Models\Comment;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Entity;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\Page;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\NotifyException;
-use BookStack\Exceptions\PrettyException;
 use BookStack\Facades\Activity as ActivityService;
 use BookStack\Util\HtmlDescriptionFilter;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 
 class CommentRepo
 {
@@ -19,11 +20,46 @@ class CommentRepo
         return Comment::query()->findOrFail($id);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get a comment by ID, ensuring it is visible to the user based upon access to the page
+     * which the comment is attached to.
+     */
+    public function getVisibleById(int $id): Comment
+    {
+        return $this->getQueryForVisible()->findOrFail($id);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start a query for comments visible to the user.
+     * @return Builder<Comment>
+     */
+    public function getQueryForVisible(): Builder
+    {
+        return Comment::query()->scopes('visible');
+    }
+
     /**
      * Create a new comment on an entity.
      */
     public function create(Entity $entity, string $html, ?int $parentId, string $contentRef): Comment
     {
+        // Prevent comments being added to draft pages
+        if ($entity instanceof Page && $entity->draft) {
+            throw new \Exception(trans('errors.cannot_add_comment_to_draft'));
+        }
+
+        // Validate parent ID
+        if ($parentId !== null) {
+            $parentCommentExists = Comment::query()
+                ->where('commentable_id', '=', $entity->id)
+                ->where('commentable_type', '=', $entity->getMorphClass())
+                ->where('local_id', '=', $parentId)
+                ->exists();
+            if (!$parentCommentExists) {
+                $parentId = null;
+            }
+        }
+
         $userId = user()->id;
         $comment = new Comment();
 
@@ -38,6 +74,7 @@ class CommentRepo
         ActivityService::add(ActivityType::COMMENT_CREATE, $comment);
         ActivityService::add(ActivityType::COMMENTED_ON, $entity);
 
+        $comment->refresh()->unsetRelations();
         return $comment;
     }
 
@@ -59,7 +96,7 @@ class CommentRepo
     /**
      * Archive an existing comment.
      */
-    public function archive(Comment $comment): Comment
+    public function archive(Comment $comment, bool $log = true): Comment
     {
         if ($comment->parent_id) {
             throw new NotifyException('Only top-level comments can be archived.', '/', 400);
@@ -68,7 +105,9 @@ class CommentRepo
         $comment->archived = true;
         $comment->save();
 
-        ActivityService::add(ActivityType::COMMENT_UPDATE, $comment);
+        if ($log) {
+            ActivityService::add(ActivityType::COMMENT_UPDATE, $comment);
+        }
 
         return $comment;
     }
@@ -76,7 +115,7 @@ class CommentRepo
     /**
      * Un-archive an existing comment.
      */
-    public function unarchive(Comment $comment): Comment
+    public function unarchive(Comment $comment, bool $log = true): Comment
     {
         if ($comment->parent_id) {
             throw new NotifyException('Only top-level comments can be un-archived.', '/', 400);
@@ -85,7 +124,9 @@ class CommentRepo
         $comment->archived = false;
         $comment->save();
 
-        ActivityService::add(ActivityType::COMMENT_UPDATE, $comment);
+        if ($log) {
+            ActivityService::add(ActivityType::COMMENT_UPDATE, $comment);
+        }
 
         return $comment;
     }

app/Activity/Controllers/CommentApiController.php

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace BookStack\Activity\Controllers;
+
+use BookStack\Activity\CommentRepo;
+use BookStack\Activity\Models\Comment;
+use BookStack\Entities\Queries\PageQueries;
+use BookStack\Http\ApiController;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
+use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;
+use Illuminate\Http\Request;
+use Illuminate\Http\Response;
+
+/**
+ * The comment data model has a 'local_id' property, which is a unique integer ID
+ * scoped to the page which the comment is on. The 'parent_id' is used for replies
+ * and refers to the 'local_id' of the parent comment on the same page, not the main
+ * globally unique 'id'.
+ *
+ * If you want to get all comments for a page in a tree-like structure, as reflected in
+ * the UI, then that is provided on pages-read API responses.
+ */
+class CommentApiController extends ApiController
+{
+    protected array $rules = [
+        'create' => [
+            'page_id' => ['required', 'integer'],
+            'reply_to' => ['nullable', 'integer'],
+            'html' => ['required', 'string'],
+            'content_ref' => ['string'],
+        ],
+        'update' => [
+            'html' => ['string'],
+            'archived' => ['boolean'],
+        ]
+    ];
+
+    public function __construct(
+        protected CommentRepo $commentRepo,
+        protected PageQueries $pageQueries,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a listing of comments visible to the user.
+     */
+    public function list(): JsonResponse
+    {
+        $query = $this->commentRepo->getQueryForVisible();
+
+        return $this->apiListingResponse($query, [
+            'id', 'commentable_id', 'commentable_type', 'parent_id', 'local_id', 'content_ref', 'created_by', 'updated_by', 'created_at', 'updated_at'
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new comment on a page.
+     * If commenting as a reply to an existing comment, the 'reply_to' parameter
+     * should be provided, set to the 'local_id' of the comment being replied to.
+     */
+    public function create(Request $request): JsonResponse
+    {
+        $this->checkPermission(Permission::CommentCreateAll);
+
+        $input = $this->validate($request, $this->rules()['create']);
+        $page = $this->pageQueries->findVisibleByIdOrFail($input['page_id']);
+
+        $comment = $this->commentRepo->create(
+            $page,
+            $input['html'],
+            $input['reply_to'] ?? null,
+            $input['content_ref'] ?? '',
+        );
+
+        return response()->json($comment);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read the details of a single comment, along with its direct replies.
+     */
+    public function read(string $id): JsonResponse
+    {
+        $comment = $this->commentRepo->getVisibleById(intval($id));
+        $comment->load('createdBy', 'updatedBy');
+
+        $replies = $this->commentRepo->getQueryForVisible()
+            ->where('parent_id', '=', $comment->local_id)
+            ->where('commentable_id', '=', $comment->commentable_id)
+            ->where('commentable_type', '=', $comment->commentable_type)
+            ->get();
+
+        /** @var Comment[] $toProcess */
+        $toProcess = [$comment, ...$replies];
+        foreach ($toProcess as $commentToProcess) {
+            $commentToProcess->setAttribute('html', $commentToProcess->safeHtml());
+            $commentToProcess->makeVisible('html');
+        }
+
+        $comment->setRelation('replies', $replies);
+
+        return response()->json($comment);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Update the content or archived status of an existing comment.
+     *
+     * Only provide a new archived status if needing to actively change the archive state.
+     * Only top-level comments (non-replies) can be archived or unarchived.
+     */
+    public function update(Request $request, string $id): JsonResponse
+    {
+        $comment = $this->commentRepo->getVisibleById(intval($id));
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::CommentUpdate, $comment);
+
+        $input = $this->validate($request, $this->rules()['update']);
+        $hasHtml = isset($input['html']);
+
+        if (isset($input['archived'])) {
+            if ($input['archived']) {
+                $this->commentRepo->archive($comment, !$hasHtml);
+            } else {
+                $this->commentRepo->unarchive($comment, !$hasHtml);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($hasHtml) {
+            $comment = $this->commentRepo->update($comment, $input['html']);
+        }
+
+        return response()->json($comment);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Delete a single comment from the system.
+     */
+    public function delete(string $id): Response
+    {
+        $comment = $this->commentRepo->getVisibleById(intval($id));
+        $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::CommentDelete, $comment);
+
+        $this->commentRepo->delete($comment);
+
+        return response('', 204);
+    }
+}

app/Activity/Controllers/CommentController.php

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class CommentController extends Controller
     /**
      * Save a new comment for a Page.
      *
-     * @throws ValidationException
+     * @throws ValidationException|\Exception
      */
     public function savePageComment(Request $request, int $pageId)
     {
@@ -37,11 +37,6 @@ class CommentController extends Controller
             return response('Not found', 404);
         }
 
-        // Prevent adding comments to draft pages
-        if ($page->draft) {
-            return $this->jsonError(trans('errors.cannot_add_comment_to_draft'), 400);
-        }
-
         // Create a new comment.
         $this->checkPermission(Permission::CommentCreateAll);
         $contentRef = $input['content_ref'] ?? '';

app/Activity/Models/Activity.php

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use BookStack\App\Model;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Entity;
 use BookStack\Permissions\Models\JointPermission;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphTo;
@@ -24,6 +25,8 @@ use Illuminate\Support\Str;
  */
 class Activity extends Model
 {
+    use HasFactory;
+
     /**
      * Get the loggable model related to this activity.
      * Currently only used for entities (previously entity_[id/type] columns).

app/Activity/Models/Comment.php

@@ -3,22 +3,24 @@
 namespace BookStack\Activity\Models;
 
 use BookStack\App\Model;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Models\JointPermission;
+use BookStack\Permissions\PermissionApplicator;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\HasCreatorAndUpdater;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\OwnableInterface;
-use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
 use BookStack\Util\HtmlContentFilter;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphTo;
 
 /**
  * @property int      $id
- * @property string   $text - Deprecated & now unused (#4821)
  * @property string   $html
  * @property int|null $parent_id  - Relates to local_id, not id
  * @property int      $local_id
- * @property string   $entity_type
- * @property int      $entity_id
+ * @property string   $commentable_type
+ * @property int      $commentable_id
  * @property string   $content_ref
  * @property bool     $archived
  */
@@ -28,13 +30,18 @@ class Comment extends Model implements Loggable, OwnableInterface
     use HasCreatorAndUpdater;
 
     protected $fillable = ['parent_id'];
+    protected $hidden = ['html'];
+
+    protected $casts = [
+        'archived' => 'boolean',
+    ];
 
     /**
      * Get the entity that this comment belongs to.
      */
     public function entity(): MorphTo
     {
-        return $this->morphTo('entity');
+        return $this->morphTo('commentable');
     }
 
     /**
@@ -44,8 +51,8 @@ class Comment extends Model implements Loggable, OwnableInterface
     public function parent(): BelongsTo
     {
         return $this->belongsTo(Comment::class, 'parent_id', 'local_id', 'parent')
-            ->where('entity_type', '=', $this->entity_type)
-            ->where('entity_id', '=', $this->entity_id);
+            ->where('commentable_type', '=', $this->commentable_type)
+            ->where('commentable_id', '=', $this->commentable_id);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -58,11 +65,27 @@ class Comment extends Model implements Loggable, OwnableInterface
 
     public function logDescriptor(): string
     {
-        return "Comment #{$this->local_id} (ID: {$this->id}) for {$this->entity_type} (ID: {$this->entity_id})";
+        return "Comment #{$this->local_id} (ID: {$this->id}) for {$this->commentable_type} (ID: {$this->commentable_id})";
     }
 
     public function safeHtml(): string
     {
         return HtmlContentFilter::removeScriptsFromHtmlString($this->html ?? '');
     }
+
+    public function jointPermissions(): HasMany
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(JointPermission::class, 'entity_id', 'commentable_id')
+            ->whereColumn('joint_permissions.entity_type', '=', 'comments.commentable_type');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Scope the query to just the comments visible to the user based upon the
+     * user visibility of what has been commented on.
+     */
+    public function scopeVisible(Builder $query): Builder
+    {
+        return app()->make(PermissionApplicator::class)
+            ->restrictEntityRelationQuery($query, 'comments', 'commentable_id', 'commentable_type');
+    }
 }

app/Activity/Models/Favourite.php

@@ -4,11 +4,14 @@ namespace BookStack\Activity\Models;
 
 use BookStack\App\Model;
 use BookStack\Permissions\Models\JointPermission;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphTo;
 
 class Favourite extends Model
 {
+    use HasFactory;
+
     protected $fillable = ['user_id'];
 
     /**

app/Activity/Models/Watch.php

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ namespace BookStack\Activity\Models;
 use BookStack\Activity\WatchLevels;
 use BookStack\Permissions\Models\JointPermission;
 use Carbon\Carbon;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphTo;
@@ -20,6 +21,8 @@ use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphTo;
  */
 class Watch extends Model
 {
+    use HasFactory;
+
     protected $guarded = [];
 
     public function watchable(): MorphTo

app/Activity/Notifications/Handlers/CommentCreationNotificationHandler.php

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class CommentCreationNotificationHandler extends BaseNotificationHandler
         $watcherIds = $watchers->getWatcherUserIds();
 
         // Page owner if user preferences allow
-        if (!$watchers->isUserIgnoring($page->owned_by) && $page->ownedBy) {
+        if ($page->owned_by && !$watchers->isUserIgnoring($page->owned_by) && $page->ownedBy) {
             $userNotificationPrefs = new UserNotificationPreferences($page->ownedBy);
             if ($userNotificationPrefs->notifyOnOwnPageComments()) {
                 $watcherIds[] = $page->owned_by;
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class CommentCreationNotificationHandler extends BaseNotificationHandler
 
         // Parent comment creator if preferences allow
         $parentComment = $detail->parent()->first();
-        if ($parentComment && !$watchers->isUserIgnoring($parentComment->created_by) && $parentComment->createdBy) {
+        if ($parentComment && $parentComment->created_by && !$watchers->isUserIgnoring($parentComment->created_by) && $parentComment->createdBy) {
             $parentCommenterNotificationsPrefs = new UserNotificationPreferences($parentComment->createdBy);
             if ($parentCommenterNotificationsPrefs->notifyOnCommentReplies()) {
                 $watcherIds[] = $parentComment->created_by;

app/Activity/Notifications/Handlers/PageUpdateNotificationHandler.php

@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ class PageUpdateNotificationHandler extends BaseNotificationHandler
         $watchers = new EntityWatchers($detail, WatchLevels::UPDATES);
         $watcherIds = $watchers->getWatcherUserIds();
 
-        // Add page owner if preferences allow
-        if (!$watchers->isUserIgnoring($detail->owned_by) && $detail->ownedBy) {
+        // Add the page owner if preferences allow
+        if ($detail->owned_by && !$watchers->isUserIgnoring($detail->owned_by) && $detail->ownedBy) {
             $userNotificationPrefs = new UserNotificationPreferences($detail->ownedBy);
             if ($userNotificationPrefs->notifyOnOwnPageChanges()) {
                 $watcherIds[] = $detail->owned_by;

app/Activity/Tools/CommentTree.php

@@ -13,6 +13,11 @@ class CommentTree
      * @var CommentTreeNode[]
      */
     protected array $tree;
+
+    /**
+     * A linear array of loaded comments.
+     * @var Comment[]
+     */
     protected array $comments;
 
     public function __construct(
@@ -39,7 +44,7 @@ class CommentTree
 
     public function getActive(): array
     {
-        return array_filter($this->tree, fn (CommentTreeNode $node) => !$node->comment->archived);
+        return array_values(array_filter($this->tree, fn (CommentTreeNode $node) => !$node->comment->archived));
     }
 
     public function activeThreadCount(): int
@@ -49,7 +54,7 @@ class CommentTree
 
     public function getArchived(): array
     {
-        return array_filter($this->tree, fn (CommentTreeNode $node) => $node->comment->archived);
+        return array_values(array_filter($this->tree, fn (CommentTreeNode $node) => $node->comment->archived));
     }
 
     public function archivedThreadCount(): int
@@ -79,6 +84,14 @@ class CommentTree
         return false;
     }
 
+    public function loadVisibleHtml(): void
+    {
+        foreach ($this->comments as $comment) {
+            $comment->setAttribute('html', $comment->safeHtml());
+            $comment->makeVisible('html');
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * @param Comment[] $comments
      * @return CommentTreeNode[]
@@ -123,6 +136,9 @@ class CommentTree
         return new CommentTreeNode($byId[$id], $depth, $children);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return Comment[]
+     */
     protected function loadComments(): array
     {
         if (!$this->enabled()) {

app/Api/ApiDocsGenerator.php

@@ -83,11 +83,19 @@ class ApiDocsGenerator
     protected function loadDetailsFromControllers(Collection $routes): Collection
     {
         return $routes->map(function (array $route) {
+            $class = $this->getReflectionClass($route['controller']);
             $method = $this->getReflectionMethod($route['controller'], $route['controller_method']);
             $comment = $method->getDocComment();
-            $route['description'] = $comment ? $this->parseDescriptionFromMethodComment($comment) : null;
+            $route['description'] = $comment ? $this->parseDescriptionFromDocBlockComment($comment) : null;
             $route['body_params'] = $this->getBodyParamsFromClass($route['controller'], $route['controller_method']);
 
+            // Load class description for the model
+            // Not ideal to have it here on each route, but adding it in a more structured manner would break
+            // docs resulting JSON format and therefore be an API break.
+            // Save refactoring for a more significant set of changes.
+            $classComment = $class->getDocComment();
+            $route['model_description'] = $classComment ? $this->parseDescriptionFromDocBlockComment($classComment) : null;
+
             return $route;
         });
     }
@@ -140,7 +148,7 @@ class ApiDocsGenerator
     /**
      * Parse out the description text from a class method comment.
      */
-    protected function parseDescriptionFromMethodComment(string $comment): string
+    protected function parseDescriptionFromDocBlockComment(string $comment): string
     {
         $matches = [];
         preg_match_all('/^\s*?\*\s?($|((?![\/@\s]).*?))$/m', $comment, $matches);
@@ -155,6 +163,16 @@ class ApiDocsGenerator
      * @throws ReflectionException
      */
     protected function getReflectionMethod(string $className, string $methodName): ReflectionMethod
+    {
+        return $this->getReflectionClass($className)->getMethod($methodName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a reflection class from the given class name.
+     *
+     * @throws ReflectionException
+     */
+    protected function getReflectionClass(string $className): ReflectionClass
     {
         $class = $this->reflectionClasses[$className] ?? null;
         if ($class === null) {
@@ -162,7 +180,7 @@ class ApiDocsGenerator
             $this->reflectionClasses[$className] = $class;
         }
 
-        return $class->getMethod($methodName);
+        return $class;
     }
 
     /**

app/Config/filesystems.php

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 return [
 
     // Default Filesystem Disk
-    // Options: local, local_secure, s3
+    // Options: local, local_secure, local_secure_restricted, s3
     'default' => env('STORAGE_TYPE', 'local'),
 
     // Filesystem to use specifically for image uploads.

app/Console/Commands/UpdateUrlCommand.php

@@ -45,10 +45,8 @@ class UpdateUrlCommand extends Command
 
         $columnsToUpdateByTable = [
             'attachments' => ['path'],
-            'pages'       => ['html', 'text', 'markdown'],
-            'chapters'    => ['description_html'],
-            'books'       => ['description_html'],
-            'bookshelves' => ['description_html'],
+            'entity_page_data' => ['html', 'text', 'markdown'],
+            'entity_container_data' => ['description_html'],
             'page_revisions' => ['html', 'text', 'markdown'],
             'images'      => ['url'],
             'settings'    => ['value'],

app/Entities/Controllers/BookApiController.php

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class BookApiController extends ApiController
 
     /**
      * View the details of a single book.
-     * The response data will contain 'content' property listing the chapter and pages directly within, in
+     * The response data will contain a 'content' property listing the chapter and pages directly within, in
      * the same structure as you'd see within the BookStack interface when viewing a book. Top-level
      * contents will have a 'type' property to distinguish between pages & chapters.
      */
@@ -122,9 +122,10 @@ class BookApiController extends ApiController
         $book = clone $book;
         $book->unsetRelations()->refresh();
 
-        $book->load(['tags', 'cover']);
-        $book->makeVisible('description_html')
-            ->setAttribute('description_html', $book->descriptionHtml());
+        $book->load(['tags']);
+        $book->makeVisible(['cover', 'description_html'])
+            ->setAttribute('description_html', $book->descriptionInfo()->getHtml())
+            ->setAttribute('cover', $book->coverInfo()->getImage());
 
         return $book;
     }

app/Entities/Controllers/BookshelfApiController.php

@@ -116,9 +116,10 @@ class BookshelfApiController extends ApiController
         $shelf = clone $shelf;
         $shelf->unsetRelations()->refresh();
 
-        $shelf->load(['tags', 'cover']);
-        $shelf->makeVisible('description_html')
-            ->setAttribute('description_html', $shelf->descriptionHtml());
+        $shelf->load(['tags']);
+        $shelf->makeVisible(['cover', 'description_html'])
+            ->setAttribute('description_html', $shelf->descriptionInfo()->getHtml())
+            ->setAttribute('cover', $shelf->coverInfo()->getImage());
 
         return $shelf;
     }

app/Entities/Controllers/BookshelfController.php

@@ -116,6 +116,7 @@ class BookshelfController extends Controller
         ]);
 
         $sort = $listOptions->getSort();
+
         $sortedVisibleShelfBooks = $shelf->visibleBooks()
             ->reorder($sort === 'default' ? 'order' : $sort, $listOptions->getOrder())
             ->get()

app/Entities/Controllers/ChapterApiController.php

@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ class ChapterApiController extends ApiController
         $chapter = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail(intval($id));
         $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterUpdate, $chapter);
 
-        if ($request->has('book_id') && $chapter->book_id !== intval($requestData['book_id'])) {
+        if ($request->has('book_id') && $chapter->book_id !== (intval($requestData['book_id']) ?: null)) {
             $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterDelete, $chapter);
 
             try {
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ class ChapterApiController extends ApiController
 
         $chapter->load(['tags']);
         $chapter->makeVisible('description_html');
-        $chapter->setAttribute('description_html', $chapter->descriptionHtml());
+        $chapter->setAttribute('description_html', $chapter->descriptionInfo()->getHtml());
 
         /** @var Book $book */
         $book = $chapter->book()->first();

app/Entities/Controllers/ChapterController.php

@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ class ChapterController extends Controller
         $chapter = $this->queries->findVisibleBySlugsOrFail($bookSlug, $chapterSlug);
         $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::ChapterUpdate, $chapter);
 
-        $this->chapterRepo->update($chapter, $validated);
+        $chapter = $this->chapterRepo->update($chapter, $validated);
 
         return redirect($chapter->getUrl());
     }

app/Entities/Controllers/PageApiController.php

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace BookStack\Entities\Controllers;
 
+use BookStack\Activity\Tools\CommentTree;
 use BookStack\Entities\Queries\EntityQueries;
 use BookStack\Entities\Queries\PageQueries;
 use BookStack\Entities\Repos\PageRepo;
@@ -88,21 +89,32 @@ class PageApiController extends ApiController
     /**
      * View the details of a single page.
      * Pages will always have HTML content. They may have markdown content
-     * if the markdown editor was used to last update the page.
+     * if the Markdown editor was used to last update the page.
      *
-     * The 'html' property is the fully rendered & escaped HTML content that BookStack
+     * The 'html' property is the fully rendered and escaped HTML content that BookStack
      * would show on page view, with page includes handled.
      * The 'raw_html' property is the direct database stored HTML content, which would be
      * what BookStack shows on page edit.
      *
      * See the "Content Security" section of these docs for security considerations when using
      * the page content returned from this endpoint.
+     *
+     * Comments for the page are provided in a tree-structure representing the hierarchy of top-level
+     * comments and replies, for both archived and active comments.
      */
     public function read(string $id)
     {
         $page = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail($id);
 
-        return response()->json($page->forJsonDisplay());
+        $page = $page->forJsonDisplay();
+        $commentTree = (new CommentTree($page));
+        $commentTree->loadVisibleHtml();
+        $page->setAttribute('comments', [
+            'active' => $commentTree->getActive(),
+            'archived' => $commentTree->getArchived(),
+        ]);
+
+        return response()->json($page);
     }
 
     /**

app/Entities/Controllers/PageController.php

@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ class PageController extends Controller
         $this->validate($request, [
             'name' => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],
         ]);
+
         $draftPage = $this->queries->findVisibleByIdOrFail($pageId);
         $this->checkOwnablePermission(Permission::PageCreate, $draftPage->getParent());
 

app/Entities/EntityExistsRule.php

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Entities;
+
+use Illuminate\Validation\Rules\Exists;
+
+class EntityExistsRule implements \Stringable
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        protected string $type,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    public function __toString()
+    {
+        $existsRule = (new Exists('entities', 'id'))
+            ->where('type', $this->type);
+        return $existsRule->__toString();
+    }
+}

app/Entities/Models/Book.php

@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@
 
 namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
 
+use BookStack\Entities\Tools\EntityCover;
+use BookStack\Entities\Tools\EntityDefaultTemplate;
 use BookStack\Sorting\SortRule;
 use BookStack\Uploads\Image;
-use Exception;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsToMany;
@@ -15,26 +16,25 @@ use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
  * Class Book.
  *
  * @property string                                   $description
+ * @property string                                   $description_html
  * @property int                                      $image_id
  * @property ?int                                     $default_template_id
  * @property ?int                                     $sort_rule_id
- * @property Image|null                               $cover
  * @property \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection $chapters
  * @property \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection $pages
  * @property \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection $directPages
  * @property \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection $shelves
- * @property ?Page                                    $defaultTemplate
- * @property ?SortRule                                 $sortRule
+ * @property ?SortRule                                $sortRule
  */
-class Book extends Entity implements CoverImageInterface, HtmlDescriptionInterface
+class Book extends Entity implements HasDescriptionInterface, HasCoverInterface, HasDefaultTemplateInterface
 {
     use HasFactory;
-    use HtmlDescriptionTrait;
+    use ContainerTrait;
 
     public float $searchFactor = 1.2;
 
+    protected $hidden = ['pivot', 'deleted_at', 'description_html', 'entity_id', 'entity_type', 'chapter_id', 'book_id', 'priority'];
     protected $fillable = ['name'];
-    protected $hidden = ['pivot', 'image_id', 'deleted_at', 'description_html'];
 
     /**
      * Get the url for this book.
@@ -44,55 +44,6 @@ class Book extends Entity implements CoverImageInterface, HtmlDescriptionInterfa
         return url('/books/' . implode('/', [urlencode($this->slug), trim($path, '/')]));
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns book cover image, if book cover not exists return default cover image.
-     */
-    public function getBookCover(int $width = 440, int $height = 250): string
-    {
-        $default = 'data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==';
-        if (!$this->image_id || !$this->cover) {
-            return $default;
-        }
-
-        try {
-            return $this->cover->getThumb($width, $height, false) ?? $default;
-        } catch (Exception $err) {
-            return $default;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the cover image of the book.
-     */
-    public function cover(): BelongsTo
-    {
-        return $this->belongsTo(Image::class, 'image_id');
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the type of the image model that is used when storing a cover image.
-     */
-    public function coverImageTypeKey(): string
-    {
-        return 'cover_book';
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the Page that is used as default template for newly created pages within this Book.
-     */
-    public function defaultTemplate(): BelongsTo
-    {
-        return $this->belongsTo(Page::class, 'default_template_id');
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the sort set assigned to this book, if existing.
-     */
-    public function sortRule(): BelongsTo
-    {
-        return $this->belongsTo(SortRule::class);
-    }
-
     /**
      * Get all pages within this book.
      * @return HasMany<Page, $this>
@@ -107,7 +58,7 @@ class Book extends Entity implements CoverImageInterface, HtmlDescriptionInterfa
      */
     public function directPages(): HasMany
     {
-        return $this->pages()->where('chapter_id', '=', '0');
+        return $this->pages()->whereNull('chapter_id');
     }
 
     /**
@@ -137,4 +88,27 @@ class Book extends Entity implements CoverImageInterface, HtmlDescriptionInterfa
 
         return $pages->concat($chapters)->sortBy('priority')->sortByDesc('draft');
     }
+
+    public function defaultTemplate(): EntityDefaultTemplate
+    {
+        return new EntityDefaultTemplate($this);
+    }
+
+    public function cover(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(Image::class, 'image_id');
+    }
+
+    public function coverInfo(): EntityCover
+    {
+        return new EntityCover($this);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the sort rule assigned to this container, if existing.
+     */
+    public function sortRule(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(SortRule::class);
+    }
 }

app/Entities/Models/BookChild.php

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
 
 use BookStack\References\ReferenceUpdater;
-use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
 
 /**
@@ -27,13 +26,13 @@ abstract class BookChild extends Entity
     /**
      * Change the book that this entity belongs to.
      */
-    public function changeBook(int $newBookId): Entity
+    public function changeBook(int $newBookId): self
     {
         $oldUrl = $this->getUrl();
         $this->book_id = $newBookId;
+        $this->unsetRelation('book');
         $this->refreshSlug();
         $this->save();
-        $this->refresh();
 
         if ($oldUrl !== $this->getUrl()) {
             app()->make(ReferenceUpdater::class)->updateEntityReferences($this, $oldUrl);

app/Entities/Models/Bookshelf.php

@@ -2,34 +2,34 @@
 
 namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
 
+use BookStack\Entities\Tools\EntityCover;
 use BookStack\Uploads\Image;
-use Exception;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsToMany;
 
-class Bookshelf extends Entity implements CoverImageInterface, HtmlDescriptionInterface
+/**
+ * @property string $description
+ * @property string $description_html
+ */
+class Bookshelf extends Entity implements HasDescriptionInterface, HasCoverInterface
 {
     use HasFactory;
-    use HtmlDescriptionTrait;
-
-    protected $table = 'bookshelves';
+    use ContainerTrait;
 
     public float $searchFactor = 1.2;
 
-    protected $fillable = ['name', 'description', 'image_id'];
-
-    protected $hidden = ['image_id', 'deleted_at', 'description_html'];
+    protected $hidden = ['image_id', 'deleted_at', 'description_html', 'priority', 'default_template_id', 'sort_rule_id', 'entity_id', 'entity_type', 'chapter_id', 'book_id'];
+    protected $fillable = ['name'];
 
     /**
      * Get the books in this shelf.
-     * Should not be used directly since does not take into account permissions.
-     *
-     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsToMany
+     * Should not be used directly since it does not take into account permissions.
      */
-    public function books()
+    public function books(): BelongsToMany
     {
         return $this->belongsToMany(Book::class, 'bookshelves_books', 'bookshelf_id', 'book_id')
+            ->select(['entities.*', 'entity_container_data.*'])
             ->withPivot('order')
             ->orderBy('order', 'asc');
     }
@@ -50,41 +50,6 @@ class Bookshelf extends Entity implements CoverImageInterface, HtmlDescriptionIn
         return url('/shelves/' . implode('/', [urlencode($this->slug), trim($path, '/')]));
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns shelf cover image, if cover not exists return default cover image.
-     */
-    public function getBookCover(int $width = 440, int $height = 250): string
-    {
-        // TODO - Make generic, focused on books right now, Perhaps set-up a better image
-        $default = 'data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==';
-        if (!$this->image_id || !$this->cover) {
-            return $default;
-        }
-
-        try {
-            return $this->cover->getThumb($width, $height, false) ?? $default;
-        } catch (Exception $err) {
-            return $default;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the cover image of the shelf.
-     * @return BelongsTo<Image, $this>
-     */
-    public function cover(): BelongsTo
-    {
-        return $this->belongsTo(Image::class, 'image_id');
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get the type of the image model that is used when storing a cover image.
-     */
-    public function coverImageTypeKey(): string
-    {
-        return 'cover_bookshelf';
-    }
-
     /**
      * Check if this shelf contains the given book.
      */
@@ -96,7 +61,7 @@ class Bookshelf extends Entity implements CoverImageInterface, HtmlDescriptionIn
     /**
      * Add a book to the end of this shelf.
      */
-    public function appendBook(Book $book)
+    public function appendBook(Book $book): void
     {
         if ($this->contains($book)) {
             return;
@@ -106,12 +71,13 @@ class Bookshelf extends Entity implements CoverImageInterface, HtmlDescriptionIn
         $this->books()->attach($book->id, ['order' => $maxOrder + 1]);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Get a visible shelf by its slug.
-     * @throws \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\ModelNotFoundException
-     */
-    public static function getBySlug(string $slug): self
+    public function coverInfo(): EntityCover
     {
-        return static::visible()->where('slug', '=', $slug)->firstOrFail();
+        return new EntityCover($this);
+    }
+
+    public function cover(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(Image::class, 'image_id');
     }
 }

app/Entities/Models/Chapter.php

@@ -2,27 +2,25 @@
 
 namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
 
-use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
+use BookStack\Entities\Tools\EntityDefaultTemplate;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
 use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
 
 /**
- * Class Chapter.
- *
  * @property Collection<Page> $pages
  * @property ?int             $default_template_id
- * @property ?Page            $defaultTemplate
+ * @property string           $description
+ * @property string           $description_html
  */
-class Chapter extends BookChild implements HtmlDescriptionInterface
+class Chapter extends BookChild implements HasDescriptionInterface, HasDefaultTemplateInterface
 {
     use HasFactory;
-    use HtmlDescriptionTrait;
+    use ContainerTrait;
 
     public float $searchFactor = 1.2;
-
-    protected $fillable = ['name', 'description', 'priority'];
-    protected $hidden = ['pivot', 'deleted_at', 'description_html'];
+    protected $hidden = ['pivot', 'deleted_at', 'description_html', 'sort_rule_id', 'image_id', 'entity_id', 'entity_type', 'chapter_id'];
+    protected $fillable = ['name', 'priority'];
 
     /**
      * Get the pages that this chapter contains.
@@ -50,14 +48,6 @@ class Chapter extends BookChild implements HtmlDescriptionInterface
         return url('/' . implode('/', $parts));
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Get the Page that is used as default template for newly created pages within this Chapter.
-     */
-    public function defaultTemplate(): BelongsTo
-    {
-        return $this->belongsTo(Page::class, 'default_template_id');
-    }
-
     /**
      * Get the visible pages in this chapter.
      * @return Collection<Page>
@@ -70,4 +60,9 @@ class Chapter extends BookChild implements HtmlDescriptionInterface
         ->orderBy('priority', 'asc')
         ->get();
     }
+
+    public function defaultTemplate(): EntityDefaultTemplate
+    {
+        return new EntityDefaultTemplate($this);
+    }
 }

app/Entities/Models/ContainerTrait.php

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
+
+use BookStack\Entities\Tools\EntityHtmlDescription;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasOne;
+
+/**
+ * @mixin Entity
+ */
+trait ContainerTrait
+{
+    public function descriptionInfo(): EntityHtmlDescription
+    {
+        return new EntityHtmlDescription($this);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return HasOne<EntityContainerData, $this>
+     */
+    public function relatedData(): HasOne
+    {
+        return $this->hasOne(EntityContainerData::class, 'entity_id', 'id')
+            ->where('entity_type', '=', $this->getMorphClass());
+    }
+}

app/Entities/Models/CoverImageInterface.php

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
-
-use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
-
-interface CoverImageInterface
-{
-    /**
-     * Get the cover image for this item.
-     */
-    public function cover(): BelongsTo;
-
-    /**
-     * Get the type of the image model that is used when storing a cover image.
-     */
-    public function coverImageTypeKey(): string;
-}

app/Entities/Models/Deletion.php

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
 
 use BookStack\Activity\Models\Loggable;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphTo;
@@ -17,6 +18,8 @@ use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphTo;
  */
 class Deletion extends Model implements Loggable
 {
+    use HasFactory;
+
     protected $hidden = [];
 
     /**

app/Entities/Models/Entity.php

@@ -28,23 +28,25 @@ use Carbon\Carbon;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasOne;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphMany;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\SoftDeletes;
 
 /**
  * Class Entity
- * The base class for book-like items such as pages, chapters & books.
+ * The base class for book-like items such as pages, chapters and books.
  * This is not a database model in itself but extended.
  *
  * @property int        $id
+ * @property string     $type
  * @property string     $name
  * @property string     $slug
  * @property Carbon     $created_at
  * @property Carbon     $updated_at
  * @property Carbon     $deleted_at
- * @property int        $created_by
- * @property int        $updated_by
- * @property int        $owned_by
+ * @property int|null   $created_by
+ * @property int|null   $updated_by
+ * @property int|null   $owned_by
  * @property Collection $tags
  *
  * @method static Entity|Builder visible()
@@ -77,6 +79,72 @@ abstract class Entity extends Model implements
      */
     public float $searchFactor = 1.0;
 
+    /**
+     * Set the table to be that used by all entities.
+     */
+    protected $table = 'entities';
+
+    /**
+     * Set a custom query builder for entities.
+     */
+    protected static string $builder = EntityQueryBuilder::class;
+
+    public static array $commonFields = [
+        'id',
+        'type',
+        'name',
+        'slug',
+        'book_id',
+        'chapter_id',
+        'priority',
+        'created_at',
+        'updated_at',
+        'deleted_at',
+        'created_by',
+        'updated_by',
+        'owned_by',
+    ];
+
+    /**
+     * Override the save method to also save the contents for convenience.
+     */
+    public function save(array $options = []): bool
+    {
+        /** @var EntityPageData|EntityContainerData $contents */
+        $contents = $this->relatedData()->firstOrNew();
+        $contentFields = $this->getContentsAttributes();
+
+        foreach ($contentFields as $key => $value) {
+            $contents->setAttribute($key, $value);
+            unset($this->attributes[$key]);
+        }
+
+        $this->setAttribute('type', $this->getMorphClass());
+        $result = parent::save($options);
+        $contentsResult = true;
+
+        if ($result && $contents->isDirty()) {
+            $contentsFillData = $contents instanceof EntityPageData ? ['page_id' => $this->id] : ['entity_id' => $this->id, 'entity_type' => $this->getMorphClass()];
+            $contents->forceFill($contentsFillData);
+            $contentsResult = $contents->save();
+            $this->touch();
+        }
+
+        $this->forceFill($contentFields);
+
+        return $result && $contentsResult;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if this item is a container item.
+     */
+    public function isContainer(): bool
+    {
+        return $this instanceof Bookshelf ||
+            $this instanceof Book ||
+            $this instanceof Chapter;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get the entities that are visible to the current user.
      */
@@ -91,8 +159,8 @@ abstract class Entity extends Model implements
     public function scopeWithLastView(Builder $query)
     {
         $viewedAtQuery = View::query()->select('updated_at')
-            ->whereColumn('viewable_id', '=', $this->getTable() . '.id')
-            ->where('viewable_type', '=', $this->getMorphClass())
+            ->whereColumn('viewable_id', '=', 'entities.id')
+            ->whereColumn('viewable_type', '=', 'entities.type')
             ->where('user_id', '=', user()->id)
             ->take(1);
 
@@ -102,11 +170,12 @@ abstract class Entity extends Model implements
     /**
      * Query scope to get the total view count of the entities.
      */
-    public function scopeWithViewCount(Builder $query)
+    public function scopeWithViewCount(Builder $query): void
     {
         $viewCountQuery = View::query()->selectRaw('SUM(views) as view_count')
-            ->whereColumn('viewable_id', '=', $this->getTable() . '.id')
-            ->where('viewable_type', '=', $this->getMorphClass())->take(1);
+            ->whereColumn('viewable_id', '=', 'entities.id')
+            ->whereColumn('viewable_type', '=', 'entities.type')
+            ->take(1);
 
         $query->addSelect(['view_count' => $viewCountQuery]);
     }
@@ -162,15 +231,17 @@ abstract class Entity extends Model implements
      */
     public function tags(): MorphMany
     {
-        return $this->morphMany(Tag::class, 'entity')->orderBy('order', 'asc');
+        return $this->morphMany(Tag::class, 'entity')
+            ->orderBy('order', 'asc');
     }
 
     /**
      * Get the comments for an entity.
+     * @return MorphMany<Comment, $this>
      */
     public function comments(bool $orderByCreated = true): MorphMany
     {
-        $query = $this->morphMany(Comment::class, 'entity');
+        $query = $this->morphMany(Comment::class, 'commentable');
 
         return $orderByCreated ? $query->orderBy('created_at', 'asc') : $query;
     }
@@ -184,7 +255,7 @@ abstract class Entity extends Model implements
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get this entities restrictions.
+     * Get this entities assigned permissions.
      */
     public function permissions(): MorphMany
     {
@@ -267,7 +338,7 @@ abstract class Entity extends Model implements
     }
 
     /**
-     * Gets a limited-length version of the entities name.
+     * Gets a limited-length version of the entity name.
      */
     public function getShortName(int $length = 25): string
     {
@@ -377,4 +448,40 @@ abstract class Entity extends Model implements
     {
         return "({$this->id}) {$this->name}";
     }
+
+    /**
+     * @return HasOne<covariant (EntityContainerData|EntityPageData), $this>
+     */
+    abstract public function relatedData(): HasOne;
+
+    /**
+     * Get the attributes that are intended for the related contents model.
+     * @return array<string, mixed>
+     */
+    protected function getContentsAttributes(): array
+    {
+        $contentFields = [];
+        $contentModel = $this instanceof Page ? EntityPageData::class : EntityContainerData::class;
+
+        foreach ($this->attributes as $key => $value) {
+            if (in_array($key, $contentModel::$fields)) {
+                $contentFields[$key] = $value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $contentFields;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new instance for the given entity type.
+     */
+    public static function instanceFromType(string $type): self
+    {
+        return match ($type) {
+            'page' => new Page(),
+            'chapter' => new Chapter(),
+            'book' => new Book(),
+            'bookshelf' => new Bookshelf(),
+        };
+    }
 }

app/Entities/Models/EntityContainerData.php

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+
+/**
+ * @property int     $entity_id
+ * @property string  $entity_type
+ * @property string  $description
+ * @property string  $description_html
+ * @property ?int    $default_template_id
+ * @property ?int    $image_id
+ * @property ?int    $sort_rule_id
+ */
+class EntityContainerData extends Model
+{
+    public $timestamps = false;
+    protected $primaryKey = 'entity_id';
+    public $incrementing = false;
+
+    public static array $fields = [
+        'description',
+        'description_html',
+        'default_template_id',
+        'image_id',
+        'sort_rule_id',
+    ];
+
+    /**
+     * Override the default set keys for save query method to make it work with composite keys.
+     */
+    public function setKeysForSaveQuery($query): Builder
+    {
+        $query->where($this->getKeyName(), '=', $this->getKeyForSaveQuery())
+            ->where('entity_type', '=', $this->entity_type);
+
+        return $query;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Override the default set keys for a select query method to make it work with composite keys.
+     */
+    protected function setKeysForSelectQuery($query): Builder
+    {
+        $query->where($this->getKeyName(), '=', $this->getKeyForSelectQuery())
+            ->where('entity_type', '=', $this->entity_type);
+
+        return $query;
+    }
+}

app/Entities/Models/EntityPageData.php

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+
+/**
+ * @property int    $page_id
+ */
+class EntityPageData extends Model
+{
+    public $timestamps = false;
+    protected $primaryKey = 'page_id';
+    public $incrementing = false;
+
+    public static array $fields = [
+        'draft',
+        'template',
+        'revision_count',
+        'editor',
+        'html',
+        'text',
+        'markdown',
+    ];
+}

app/Entities/Models/EntityQueryBuilder.php

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
+use Illuminate\Database\Query\Builder as QueryBuilder;
+
+class EntityQueryBuilder extends Builder
+{
+    /**
+     * Create a new Eloquent query builder instance.
+     */
+    public function __construct(QueryBuilder $query)
+    {
+        parent::__construct($query);
+
+        $this->withGlobalScope('entity', new EntityScope());
+    }
+
+    public function withoutGlobalScope($scope): static
+    {
+        // Prevent removal of the entity scope
+        if ($scope === 'entity') {
+            return $this;
+        }
+
+        return parent::withoutGlobalScope($scope);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Override the default forceDelete method to add type filter onto the query
+     * since it specifically ignores scopes by default.
+     */
+    public function forceDelete()
+    {
+        return $this->query->where('type', '=', $this->model->getMorphClass())->delete();
+    }
+}

app/Entities/Models/EntityScope.php

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Scope;
+use Illuminate\Database\Query\JoinClause;
+
+class EntityScope implements Scope
+{
+    /**
+     * Apply the scope to a given Eloquent query builder.
+     */
+    public function apply(Builder $builder, Model $model): void
+    {
+        $builder = $builder->where('type', '=', $model->getMorphClass());
+        $table = $model->getTable();
+        if ($model instanceof Page) {
+            $builder->leftJoin('entity_page_data', 'entity_page_data.page_id', '=', "{$table}.id");
+        } else {
+            $builder->leftJoin('entity_container_data', function (JoinClause $join) use ($model, $table) {
+                $join->on('entity_container_data.entity_id', '=', "{$table}.id")
+                    ->where('entity_container_data.entity_type', '=', $model->getMorphClass());
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}

app/Entities/Models/EntityTable.php

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
+
+use BookStack\Activity\Models\Tag;
+use BookStack\Activity\Models\View;
+use BookStack\App\Model;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Models\EntityPermission;
+use BookStack\Permissions\Models\JointPermission;
+use BookStack\Permissions\PermissionApplicator;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphMany;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\SoftDeletes;
+
+/**
+ * This is a simplistic model interpretation of a generic Entity used to query and represent
+ * that database abstractly. Generally, this should rarely be used outside queries.
+ */
+class EntityTable extends Model
+{
+    use SoftDeletes;
+
+    protected $table = 'entities';
+
+    /**
+     * Get the entities that are visible to the current user.
+     */
+    public function scopeVisible(Builder $query): Builder
+    {
+        return app()->make(PermissionApplicator::class)->restrictEntityQuery($query);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the entity jointPermissions this is connected to.
+     */
+    public function jointPermissions(): HasMany
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(JointPermission::class, 'entity_id')
+            ->whereColumn('entity_type', '=', 'entities.type');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the Tags that have been assigned to entities.
+     */
+    public function tags(): HasMany
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(Tag::class, 'entity_id')
+            ->whereColumn('entity_type', '=', 'entities.type');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the assigned permissions.
+     */
+    public function permissions(): HasMany
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(EntityPermission::class, 'entity_id')
+            ->whereColumn('entity_type', '=', 'entities.type');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get View objects for this entity.
+     */
+    public function views(): HasMany
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(View::class, 'viewable_id')
+            ->whereColumn('viewable_type', '=', 'entities.type');
+    }
+}

app/Entities/Models/HasCoverInterface.php

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
+
+use BookStack\Entities\Tools\EntityCover;
+use BookStack\Uploads\Image;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
+
+interface HasCoverInterface
+{
+    public function coverInfo(): EntityCover;
+
+    /**
+     * The cover image of this entity.
+     * @return BelongsTo<Image, covariant Entity>
+     */
+    public function cover(): BelongsTo;
+}

app/Entities/Models/HasDefaultTemplateInterface.php

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
+
+use BookStack\Entities\Tools\EntityDefaultTemplate;
+
+interface HasDefaultTemplateInterface
+{
+    public function defaultTemplate(): EntityDefaultTemplate;
+}

app/Entities/Models/HasDescriptionInterface.php

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
+
+use BookStack\Entities\Tools\EntityHtmlDescription;
+
+interface HasDescriptionInterface
+{
+    public function descriptionInfo(): EntityHtmlDescription;
+}

app/Entities/Models/HtmlDescriptionInterface.php

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
-
-interface HtmlDescriptionInterface
-{
-    /**
-     * Get the HTML-based description for this item.
-     * By default, the content should be sanitised unless raw is set to true.
-     */
-    public function descriptionHtml(bool $raw = false): string;
-
-    /**
-     * Set the HTML-based description for this item.
-     */
-    public function setDescriptionHtml(string $html, string|null $plaintext = null): void;
-}

app/Entities/Models/HtmlDescriptionTrait.php

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
-
-use BookStack\Util\HtmlContentFilter;
-
-/**
- * @property string $description
- * @property string $description_html
- */
-trait HtmlDescriptionTrait
-{
-    public function descriptionHtml(bool $raw = false): string
-    {
-        $html = $this->description_html ?: '<p>' . nl2br(e($this->description)) . '</p>';
-        if ($raw) {
-            return $html;
-        }
-
-        return HtmlContentFilter::removeScriptsFromHtmlString($html);
-    }
-
-    public function setDescriptionHtml(string $html, string|null $plaintext = null): void
-    {
-        $this->description_html = $html;
-
-        if ($plaintext !== null) {
-            $this->description = $plaintext;
-        }
-
-        if (empty($html) && !empty($plaintext)) {
-            $this->description_html = $this->descriptionHtml();
-        }
-    }
-}

app/Entities/Models/Page.php

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 namespace BookStack\Entities\Models;
 
 use BookStack\Entities\Tools\PageContent;
-use BookStack\Entities\Tools\PageEditorType;
 use BookStack\Permissions\PermissionApplicator;
 use BookStack\Uploads\Attachment;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
@@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasOne;
 
 /**
  * Class Page.
- *
+ * @property EntityPageData $pageData
  * @property int          $chapter_id
  * @property string       $html
  * @property string       $markdown
@@ -33,12 +32,10 @@ class Page extends BookChild
 {
     use HasFactory;
 
-    protected $fillable = ['name', 'priority'];
-
     public string $textField = 'text';
     public string $htmlField = 'html';
-
-    protected $hidden = ['html', 'markdown', 'text', 'pivot', 'deleted_at'];
+    protected $hidden = ['html', 'markdown', 'text', 'pivot', 'deleted_at',  'entity_id', 'entity_type'];
+    protected $fillable = ['name', 'priority'];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'draft'    => 'boolean',
@@ -57,10 +54,8 @@ class Page extends BookChild
 
     /**
      * Get the chapter that this page is in, If applicable.
-     *
-     * @return BelongsTo
      */
-    public function chapter()
+    public function chapter(): BelongsTo
     {
         return $this->belongsTo(Chapter::class);
     }
@@ -107,10 +102,8 @@ class Page extends BookChild
 
     /**
      * Get the attachments assigned to this page.
-     *
-     * @return HasMany
      */
-    public function attachments()
+    public function attachments(): HasMany
     {
         return $this->hasMany(Attachment::class, 'uploaded_to')->orderBy('order', 'asc');
     }
@@ -139,8 +132,16 @@ class Page extends BookChild
         $refreshed = $this->refresh()->unsetRelations()->load(['tags', 'createdBy', 'updatedBy', 'ownedBy']);
         $refreshed->setHidden(array_diff($refreshed->getHidden(), ['html', 'markdown']));
         $refreshed->setAttribute('raw_html', $refreshed->html);
-        $refreshed->html = (new PageContent($refreshed))->render();
+        $refreshed->setAttribute('html', (new PageContent($refreshed))->render());
 
         return $refreshed;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * @return HasOne<EntityPageData, $this>
+     */
+    public function relatedData(): HasOne
+    {
+        return $this->hasOne(EntityPageData::class, 'page_id', 'id');
+    }
 }

app/Entities/Models/PageRevision.php

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use BookStack\Activity\Models\Loggable;
 use BookStack\App\Model;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
 use Carbon\Carbon;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
 
 /**
@@ -30,6 +31,8 @@ use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
  */
 class PageRevision extends Model implements Loggable
 {
+    use HasFactory;
+
     protected $fillable = ['name', 'text', 'summary'];
     protected $hidden = ['html', 'markdown', 'text'];
 

app/Entities/Queries/BookQueries.php

@@ -55,6 +55,11 @@ class BookQueries implements ProvidesEntityQueries
             ->select(static::$listAttributes);
     }
 
+    public function visibleForContent(): Builder
+    {
+        return $this->start()->scopes('visible');
+    }
+
     public function visibleForListWithCover(): Builder
     {
         return $this->visibleForList()->with('cover');

app/Entities/Queries/BookshelfQueries.php

@@ -60,6 +60,11 @@ class BookshelfQueries implements ProvidesEntityQueries
         return $this->start()->scopes('visible')->select(static::$listAttributes);
     }
 
+    public function visibleForContent(): Builder
+    {
+        return $this->start()->scopes('visible');
+    }
+
     public function visibleForListWithCover(): Builder
     {
         return $this->visibleForList()->with('cover');

app/Entities/Queries/ChapterQueries.php

@@ -65,8 +65,14 @@ class ChapterQueries implements ProvidesEntityQueries
             ->scopes('visible')
             ->select(array_merge(static::$listAttributes, ['book_slug' => function ($builder) {
                 $builder->select('slug')
-                    ->from('books')
-                    ->whereColumn('books.id', '=', 'chapters.book_id');
+                    ->from('entities as books')
+                    ->where('type', '=', 'book')
+                    ->whereColumn('books.id', '=', 'entities.book_id');
             }]));
     }
+
+    public function visibleForContent(): Builder
+    {
+        return $this->start()->scopes('visible');
+    }
 }

app/Entities/Queries/EntityQueries.php

@@ -3,7 +3,11 @@
 namespace BookStack\Entities\Queries;
 
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Entity;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\EntityTable;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
+use Illuminate\Database\Query\Builder as QueryBuilder;
+use Illuminate\Database\Query\JoinClause;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
 use InvalidArgumentException;
 
 class EntityQueries
@@ -32,17 +36,53 @@ class EntityQueries
         return $queries->findVisibleById($entityId);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Start a query across all entity types.
+     * Combines the description/text fields into a single 'description' field.
+     * @return Builder<EntityTable>
+     */
+    public function visibleForList(): Builder
+    {
+        $rawDescriptionField = DB::raw('COALESCE(description, text) as description');
+        $bookSlugSelect = function (QueryBuilder $query) {
+            return $query->select('slug')->from('entities as books')
+                ->whereColumn('books.id', '=', 'entities.book_id')
+                ->where('type', '=', 'book');
+        };
+
+        return EntityTable::query()->scopes('visible')
+            ->select(['id', 'type', 'name', 'slug', 'book_id', 'chapter_id', 'created_at', 'updated_at', 'draft', 'book_slug' => $bookSlugSelect, $rawDescriptionField])
+            ->leftJoin('entity_container_data', function (JoinClause $join) {
+                $join->on('entity_container_data.entity_id', '=', 'entities.id')
+                    ->on('entity_container_data.entity_type', '=', 'entities.type');
+            })->leftJoin('entity_page_data', function (JoinClause $join) {
+                $join->on('entity_page_data.page_id', '=', 'entities.id')
+                    ->where('entities.type', '=', 'page');
+            });
+    }
+
     /**
      * Start a query of visible entities of the given type,
      * suitable for listing display.
      * @return Builder<Entity>
      */
-    public function visibleForList(string $entityType): Builder
+    public function visibleForListForType(string $entityType): Builder
     {
         $queries = $this->getQueriesForType($entityType);
         return $queries->visibleForList();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Start a query of visible entities of the given type,
+     * suitable for using the contents of the items.
+     * @return Builder<Entity>
+     */
+    public function visibleForContentForType(string $entityType): Builder
+    {
+        $queries = $this->getQueriesForType($entityType);
+        return $queries->visibleForContent();
+    }
+
     protected function getQueriesForType(string $type): ProvidesEntityQueries
     {
         $queries = match ($type) {

app/Entities/Queries/PageQueries.php

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ class PageQueries implements ProvidesEntityQueries
 {
     protected static array $contentAttributes = [
         'name', 'id', 'slug', 'book_id', 'chapter_id', 'draft',
-        'template', 'html', 'text', 'created_at', 'updated_at', 'priority',
+        'template', 'html', 'markdown', 'text', 'created_at', 'updated_at', 'priority',
         'created_by', 'updated_by', 'owned_by',
     ];
     protected static array $listAttributes = [
@@ -82,6 +82,14 @@ class PageQueries implements ProvidesEntityQueries
             ->select($this->mergeBookSlugForSelect(static::$listAttributes));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return Builder<Page>
+     */
+    public function visibleForContent(): Builder
+    {
+        return $this->start()->scopes('visible');
+    }
+
     public function visibleForChapterList(int $chapterId): Builder
     {
         return $this->visibleForList()
@@ -104,18 +112,19 @@ class PageQueries implements ProvidesEntityQueries
             ->where('created_by', '=', user()->id);
     }
 
-    public function visibleTemplates(): Builder
+    public function visibleTemplates(bool $includeContents = false): Builder
     {
-        return $this->visibleForList()
-            ->where('template', '=', true);
+        $base = $includeContents ? $this->visibleWithContents() : $this->visibleForList();
+        return $base->where('template', '=', true);
     }
 
     protected function mergeBookSlugForSelect(array $columns): array
     {
         return array_merge($columns, ['book_slug' => function ($builder) {
             $builder->select('slug')
-                ->from('books')
-                ->whereColumn('books.id', '=', 'pages.book_id');
+                ->from('entities as books')
+                ->where('type', '=', 'book')
+                ->whereColumn('books.id', '=', 'entities.book_id');
         }]);
     }
 }

app/Entities/Queries/ProvidesEntityQueries.php

@@ -35,4 +35,11 @@ interface ProvidesEntityQueries
      * @return Builder<TModel>
      */
     public function visibleForList(): Builder;
+
+    /**
+     * Start a query for items that are visible, with selection
+     * configured for using the content of the items found.
+     * @return Builder<TModel>
+     */
+    public function visibleForContent(): Builder;
 }

app/Entities/Repos/BaseRepo.php

@@ -3,13 +3,10 @@
 namespace BookStack\Entities\Repos;
 
 use BookStack\Activity\TagRepo;
-use BookStack\Entities\Models\Book;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\BookChild;
-use BookStack\Entities\Models\Chapter;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\HasCoverInterface;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\HasDescriptionInterface;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Entity;
-use BookStack\Entities\Models\CoverImageInterface;
-use BookStack\Entities\Models\HtmlDescriptionInterface;
-use BookStack\Entities\Models\HtmlDescriptionTrait;
 use BookStack\Entities\Queries\PageQueries;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\ImageUploadException;
 use BookStack\References\ReferenceStore;
@@ -33,17 +30,25 @@ class BaseRepo
 
     /**
      * Create a new entity in the system.
+     * @template T of Entity
+     * @param T $entity
+     * @return T
      */
-    public function create(Entity $entity, array $input)
+    public function create(Entity $entity, array $input): Entity
     {
+        $entity = (clone $entity)->refresh();
         $entity->fill($input);
-        $this->updateDescription($entity, $input);
         $entity->forceFill([
             'created_by' => user()->id,
             'updated_by' => user()->id,
             'owned_by'   => user()->id,
         ]);
         $entity->refreshSlug();
+
+        if ($entity instanceof HasDescriptionInterface) {
+            $this->updateDescription($entity, $input);
+        }
+
         $entity->save();
 
         if (isset($input['tags'])) {
@@ -53,24 +58,33 @@ class BaseRepo
         $entity->refresh();
         $entity->rebuildPermissions();
         $entity->indexForSearch();
+
         $this->referenceStore->updateForEntity($entity);
+
+        return $entity;
     }
 
     /**
      * Update the given entity.
+     * @template T of Entity
+     * @param T $entity
+     * @return T
      */
-    public function update(Entity $entity, array $input)
+    public function update(Entity $entity, array $input): Entity
     {
         $oldUrl = $entity->getUrl();
 
         $entity->fill($input);
-        $this->updateDescription($entity, $input);
         $entity->updated_by = user()->id;
 
         if ($entity->isDirty('name') || empty($entity->slug)) {
             $entity->refreshSlug();
         }
 
+        if ($entity instanceof HasDescriptionInterface) {
+            $this->updateDescription($entity, $input);
+        }
+
         $entity->save();
 
         if (isset($input['tags'])) {
@@ -84,59 +98,35 @@ class BaseRepo
         if ($oldUrl !== $entity->getUrl()) {
             $this->referenceUpdater->updateEntityReferences($entity, $oldUrl);
         }
+
+        return $entity;
     }
 
     /**
-     * Update the given items' cover image, or clear it.
+     * Update the given items' cover image or clear it.
      *
      * @throws ImageUploadException
      * @throws \Exception
      */
-    public function updateCoverImage(Entity&CoverImageInterface $entity, ?UploadedFile $coverImage, bool $removeImage = false)
+    public function updateCoverImage(Entity&HasCoverInterface $entity, ?UploadedFile $coverImage, bool $removeImage = false): void
     {
         if ($coverImage) {
-            $imageType = $entity->coverImageTypeKey();
-            $this->imageRepo->destroyImage($entity->cover()->first());
+            $imageType = 'cover_' . $entity->type;
+            $this->imageRepo->destroyImage($entity->coverInfo()->getImage());
             $image = $this->imageRepo->saveNew($coverImage, $imageType, $entity->id, 512, 512, true);
-            $entity->cover()->associate($image);
+            $entity->coverInfo()->setImage($image);
             $entity->save();
         }
 
         if ($removeImage) {
-            $this->imageRepo->destroyImage($entity->cover()->first());
-            $entity->cover()->dissociate();
+            $this->imageRepo->destroyImage($entity->coverInfo()->getImage());
+            $entity->coverInfo()->setImage(null);
             $entity->save();
         }
     }
 
     /**
-     * Update the default page template used for this item.
-     * Checks that, if changing, the provided value is a valid template and the user
-     * has visibility of the provided page template id.
-     */
-    public function updateDefaultTemplate(Book|Chapter $entity, int $templateId): void
-    {
-        $changing = $templateId !== intval($entity->default_template_id);
-        if (!$changing) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if ($templateId === 0) {
-            $entity->default_template_id = null;
-            $entity->save();
-            return;
-        }
-
-        $templateExists = $this->pageQueries->visibleTemplates()
-            ->where('id', '=', $templateId)
-            ->exists();
-
-        $entity->default_template_id = $templateExists ? $templateId : null;
-        $entity->save();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sort the parent of the given entity, if any auto sort actions are set for it.
+     * Sort the parent of the given entity if any auto sort actions are set for it.
      * Typically ran during create/update/insert events.
      */
     public function sortParent(Entity $entity): void
@@ -147,19 +137,22 @@ class BaseRepo
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Update the description of the given entity from input data.
+     */
     protected function updateDescription(Entity $entity, array $input): void
     {
-        if (!($entity instanceof HtmlDescriptionInterface)) {
+        if (!$entity instanceof HasDescriptionInterface) {
             return;
         }
 
         if (isset($input['description_html'])) {
-            $entity->setDescriptionHtml(
+            $entity->descriptionInfo()->set(
                 HtmlDescriptionFilter::filterFromString($input['description_html']),
                 html_entity_decode(strip_tags($input['description_html']))
             );
         } else if (isset($input['description'])) {
-            $entity->setDescriptionHtml('', $input['description']);
+            $entity->descriptionInfo()->set('', $input['description']);
         }
     }
 }

app/Entities/Repos/BookRepo.php

@@ -30,19 +30,18 @@ class BookRepo
     public function create(array $input): Book
     {
         return (new DatabaseTransaction(function () use ($input) {
-            $book = new Book();
-
-            $this->baseRepo->create($book, $input);
+            $book = $this->baseRepo->create(new Book(), $input);
             $this->baseRepo->updateCoverImage($book, $input['image'] ?? null);
-            $this->baseRepo->updateDefaultTemplate($book, intval($input['default_template_id'] ?? null));
+            $book->defaultTemplate()->setFromId(intval($input['default_template_id'] ?? null));
             Activity::add(ActivityType::BOOK_CREATE, $book);
 
             $defaultBookSortSetting = intval(setting('sorting-book-default', '0'));
             if ($defaultBookSortSetting && SortRule::query()->find($defaultBookSortSetting)) {
                 $book->sort_rule_id = $defaultBookSortSetting;
-                $book->save();
             }
 
+            $book->save();
+
             return $book;
         }))->run();
     }
@@ -52,28 +51,29 @@ class BookRepo
      */
     public function update(Book $book, array $input): Book
     {
-        $this->baseRepo->update($book, $input);
+        $book = $this->baseRepo->update($book, $input);
 
         if (array_key_exists('default_template_id', $input)) {
-            $this->baseRepo->updateDefaultTemplate($book, intval($input['default_template_id']));
+            $book->defaultTemplate()->setFromId(intval($input['default_template_id']));
         }
 
         if (array_key_exists('image', $input)) {
             $this->baseRepo->updateCoverImage($book, $input['image'], $input['image'] === null);
         }
 
+        $book->save();
         Activity::add(ActivityType::BOOK_UPDATE, $book);
 
         return $book;
     }
 
     /**
-     * Update the given book's cover image, or clear it.
+     * Update the given book's cover image or clear it.
      *
      * @throws ImageUploadException
      * @throws Exception
      */
-    public function updateCoverImage(Book $book, ?UploadedFile $coverImage, bool $removeImage = false)
+    public function updateCoverImage(Book $book, ?UploadedFile $coverImage, bool $removeImage = false): void
     {
         $this->baseRepo->updateCoverImage($book, $coverImage, $removeImage);
     }
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class BookRepo
      *
      * @throws Exception
      */
-    public function destroy(Book $book)
+    public function destroy(Book $book): void
     {
         $this->trashCan->softDestroyBook($book);
         Activity::add(ActivityType::BOOK_DELETE, $book);

app/Entities/Repos/BookshelfRepo.php

@@ -25,8 +25,7 @@ class BookshelfRepo
     public function create(array $input, array $bookIds): Bookshelf
     {
         return (new DatabaseTransaction(function () use ($input, $bookIds) {
-            $shelf = new Bookshelf();
-            $this->baseRepo->create($shelf, $input);
+            $shelf = $this->baseRepo->create(new Bookshelf(), $input);
             $this->baseRepo->updateCoverImage($shelf, $input['image'] ?? null);
             $this->updateBooks($shelf, $bookIds);
             Activity::add(ActivityType::BOOKSHELF_CREATE, $shelf);
@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ class BookshelfRepo
      */
     public function update(Bookshelf $shelf, array $input, ?array $bookIds): Bookshelf
     {
-        $this->baseRepo->update($shelf, $input);
+        $shelf = $this->baseRepo->update($shelf, $input);
 
         if (!is_null($bookIds)) {
             $this->updateBooks($shelf, $bookIds);
@@ -96,7 +95,7 @@ class BookshelfRepo
      *
      * @throws Exception
      */
-    public function destroy(Bookshelf $shelf)
+    public function destroy(Bookshelf $shelf): void
     {
         $this->trashCan->softDestroyShelf($shelf);
         Activity::add(ActivityType::BOOKSHELF_DELETE, $shelf);

app/Entities/Repos/ChapterRepo.php

@@ -33,8 +33,11 @@ class ChapterRepo
             $chapter = new Chapter();
             $chapter->book_id = $parentBook->id;
             $chapter->priority = (new BookContents($parentBook))->getLastPriority() + 1;
-            $this->baseRepo->create($chapter, $input);
-            $this->baseRepo->updateDefaultTemplate($chapter, intval($input['default_template_id'] ?? null));
+
+            $chapter = $this->baseRepo->create($chapter, $input);
+            $chapter->defaultTemplate()->setFromId(intval($input['default_template_id'] ?? null));
+
+            $chapter->save();
             Activity::add(ActivityType::CHAPTER_CREATE, $chapter);
 
             $this->baseRepo->sortParent($chapter);
@@ -48,12 +51,13 @@ class ChapterRepo
      */
     public function update(Chapter $chapter, array $input): Chapter
     {
-        $this->baseRepo->update($chapter, $input);
+        $chapter = $this->baseRepo->update($chapter, $input);
 
         if (array_key_exists('default_template_id', $input)) {
-            $this->baseRepo->updateDefaultTemplate($chapter, intval($input['default_template_id']));
+            $chapter->defaultTemplate()->setFromId(intval($input['default_template_id']));
         }
 
+        $chapter->save();
         Activity::add(ActivityType::CHAPTER_UPDATE, $chapter);
 
         $this->baseRepo->sortParent($chapter);
@@ -66,7 +70,7 @@ class ChapterRepo
      *
      * @throws Exception
      */
-    public function destroy(Chapter $chapter)
+    public function destroy(Chapter $chapter): void
     {
         $this->trashCan->softDestroyChapter($chapter);
         Activity::add(ActivityType::CHAPTER_DELETE, $chapter);
@@ -93,7 +97,7 @@ class ChapterRepo
         }
 
         return (new DatabaseTransaction(function () use ($chapter, $parent) {
-            $chapter->changeBook($parent->id);
+            $chapter = $chapter->changeBook($parent->id);
             $chapter->rebuildPermissions();
             Activity::add(ActivityType::CHAPTER_MOVE, $chapter);
 

app/Entities/Repos/DeletionRepo.php

@@ -9,11 +9,9 @@ use BookStack\Facades\Activity;
 
 class DeletionRepo
 {
-    private TrashCan $trashCan;
-
-    public function __construct(TrashCan $trashCan)
-    {
-        $this->trashCan = $trashCan;
+    public function __construct(
+        protected TrashCan $trashCan
+    ) {
     }
 
     public function restore(int $id): int

app/Entities/Repos/PageRepo.php

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class PageRepo
     /**
      * Get a new draft page belonging to the given parent entity.
      */
-    public function getNewDraftPage(Entity $parent)
+    public function getNewDraftPage(Entity $parent): Page
     {
         $page = (new Page())->forceFill([
             'name'       => trans('entities.pages_initial_name'),
@@ -46,6 +46,9 @@ class PageRepo
             'updated_by' => user()->id,
             'draft'      => true,
             'editor'     => PageEditorType::getSystemDefault()->value,
+            'html'       => '',
+            'markdown'   => '',
+            'text'       => '',
         ]);
 
         if ($parent instanceof Chapter) {
@@ -55,17 +58,18 @@ class PageRepo
             $page->book_id = $parent->id;
         }
 
-        $defaultTemplate = $page->chapter->defaultTemplate ?? $page->book->defaultTemplate;
-        if ($defaultTemplate && userCan(Permission::PageView, $defaultTemplate)) {
+        $defaultTemplate = $page->chapter?->defaultTemplate()->get() ?? $page->book?->defaultTemplate()->get();
+        if ($defaultTemplate) {
             $page->forceFill([
                 'html'  => $defaultTemplate->html,
                 'markdown' => $defaultTemplate->markdown,
             ]);
+            $page->text = (new PageContent($page))->toPlainText();
         }
 
         (new DatabaseTransaction(function () use ($page) {
             $page->save();
-            $page->refresh()->rebuildPermissions();
+            $page->rebuildPermissions();
         }))->run();
 
         return $page;
@@ -81,7 +85,8 @@ class PageRepo
             $draft->revision_count = 1;
             $draft->priority = $this->getNewPriority($draft);
             $this->updateTemplateStatusAndContentFromInput($draft, $input);
-            $this->baseRepo->update($draft, $input);
+
+            $draft = $this->baseRepo->update($draft, $input);
             $draft->rebuildPermissions();
 
             $summary = trim($input['summary'] ?? '') ?: trans('entities.pages_initial_revision');
@@ -112,12 +117,12 @@ class PageRepo
     public function update(Page $page, array $input): Page
     {
         // Hold the old details to compare later
-        $oldHtml = $page->html;
         $oldName = $page->name;
+        $oldHtml = $page->html;
         $oldMarkdown = $page->markdown;
 
         $this->updateTemplateStatusAndContentFromInput($page, $input);
-        $this->baseRepo->update($page, $input);
+        $page = $this->baseRepo->update($page, $input);
 
         // Update with new details
         $page->revision_count++;
@@ -176,12 +181,12 @@ class PageRepo
     /**
      * Save a page update draft.
      */
-    public function updatePageDraft(Page $page, array $input)
+    public function updatePageDraft(Page $page, array $input): Page|PageRevision
     {
-        // If the page itself is a draft simply update that
+        // If the page itself is a draft, simply update that
         if ($page->draft) {
             $this->updateTemplateStatusAndContentFromInput($page, $input);
-            $page->fill($input);
+            $page->forceFill(array_intersect_key($input, array_flip(['name'])))->save();
             $page->save();
 
             return $page;
@@ -209,7 +214,7 @@ class PageRepo
      *
      * @throws Exception
      */
-    public function destroy(Page $page)
+    public function destroy(Page $page): void
     {
         $this->trashCan->softDestroyPage($page);
         Activity::add(ActivityType::PAGE_DELETE, $page);
@@ -279,7 +284,7 @@ class PageRepo
         return (new DatabaseTransaction(function () use ($page, $parent) {
             $page->chapter_id = ($parent instanceof Chapter) ? $parent->id : null;
             $newBookId = ($parent instanceof Chapter) ? $parent->book->id : $parent->id;
-            $page->changeBook($newBookId);
+            $page = $page->changeBook($newBookId);
             $page->rebuildPermissions();
 
             Activity::add(ActivityType::PAGE_MOVE, $page);

app/Entities/Repos/RevisionRepo.php

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class RevisionRepo
 
     /**
      * Get a user update_draft page revision to update for the given page.
-     * Checks for an existing revisions before providing a fresh one.
+     * Checks for an existing revision before providing a fresh one.
      */
     public function getNewDraftForCurrentUser(Page $page): PageRevision
     {
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class RevisionRepo
     /**
      * Delete old revisions, for the given page, from the system.
      */
-    protected function deleteOldRevisions(Page $page)
+    protected function deleteOldRevisions(Page $page): void
     {
         $revisionLimit = config('app.revision_limit');
         if ($revisionLimit === false) {

app/Entities/Tools/BookContents.php

@@ -3,13 +3,10 @@
 namespace BookStack\Entities\Tools;
 
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Book;
-use BookStack\Entities\Models\BookChild;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Chapter;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Entity;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Page;
 use BookStack\Entities\Queries\EntityQueries;
-use BookStack\Sorting\BookSortMap;
-use BookStack\Sorting\BookSortMapItem;
 use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
 
 class BookContents
@@ -29,7 +26,7 @@ class BookContents
     {
         $maxPage = $this->book->pages()
             ->where('draft', '=', false)
-            ->where('chapter_id', '=', 0)
+            ->whereDoesntHave('chapter')
             ->max('priority');
 
         $maxChapter = $this->book->chapters()
@@ -80,11 +77,11 @@ class BookContents
     protected function bookChildSortFunc(): callable
     {
         return function (Entity $entity) {
-            if (isset($entity['draft']) && $entity['draft']) {
+            if ($entity->getAttribute('draft') ?? false) {
                 return -100;
             }
 
-            return $entity['priority'] ?? 0;
+            return $entity->getAttribute('priority') ?? 0;
         };
     }
 

app/Entities/Tools/Cloner.php

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ use BookStack\Activity\Models\Tag;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Book;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Bookshelf;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Chapter;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\HasCoverInterface;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Entity;
-use BookStack\Entities\Models\CoverImageInterface;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Page;
 use BookStack\Entities\Repos\BookRepo;
 use BookStack\Entities\Repos\ChapterRepo;
@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ class Cloner
         $inputData['tags'] = $this->entityTagsToInputArray($entity);
 
         // Add a cover to the data if existing on the original entity
-        if ($entity instanceof CoverImageInterface) {
-            $cover = $entity->cover()->first();
+        if ($entity instanceof HasCoverInterface) {
+            $cover = $entity->coverInfo()->getImage();
             if ($cover) {
                 $inputData['image'] = $this->imageToUploadedFile($cover);
             }

app/Entities/Tools/EntityCover.php

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Entities\Tools;
+
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\Book;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\Bookshelf;
+use BookStack\Uploads\Image;
+use Exception;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
+
+class EntityCover
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        protected Book|Bookshelf $entity,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    protected function imageQuery(): Builder
+    {
+        return Image::query()->where('id', '=', $this->entity->image_id);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if a cover image exists for this entity.
+     */
+    public function exists(): bool
+    {
+        return $this->entity->image_id !== null && $this->imageQuery()->exists();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the assigned cover image model.
+     */
+    public function getImage(): Image|null
+    {
+        if ($this->entity->image_id === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $cover = $this->imageQuery()->first();
+        if ($cover instanceof Image) {
+            return $cover;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a cover image URL, or the given default if none assigned/existing.
+     */
+    public function getUrl(int $width = 440, int $height = 250, string|null $default = 'data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=='): string|null
+    {
+        if (!$this->entity->image_id) {
+            return $default;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            return $this->getImage()?->getThumb($width, $height, false) ?? $default;
+        } catch (Exception $err) {
+            return $default;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the image to use as the cover for this entity.
+     */
+    public function setImage(Image|null $image): void
+    {
+        if ($image === null) {
+            $this->entity->image_id = null;
+        } else {
+            $this->entity->image_id = $image->id;
+        }
+    }
+}

app/Entities/Tools/EntityDefaultTemplate.php

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Entities\Tools;
+
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\Book;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\Chapter;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\Page;
+use BookStack\Entities\Queries\PageQueries;
+
+class EntityDefaultTemplate
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        protected Book|Chapter $entity,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the default template ID for this entity.
+     */
+    public function setFromId(int $templateId): void
+    {
+        $changing = $templateId !== intval($this->entity->default_template_id);
+        if (!$changing) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if ($templateId === 0) {
+            $this->entity->default_template_id = null;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $pageQueries = app()->make(PageQueries::class);
+        $templateExists = $pageQueries->visibleTemplates()
+            ->where('id', '=', $templateId)
+            ->exists();
+
+        $this->entity->default_template_id = $templateExists ? $templateId : null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the default template for this entity (if visible).
+     */
+    public function get(): Page|null
+    {
+        if (!$this->entity->default_template_id) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $pageQueries = app()->make(PageQueries::class);
+        $page = $pageQueries->visibleTemplates(true)
+            ->where('id', '=', $this->entity->default_template_id)
+            ->first();
+
+        if ($page instanceof Page) {
+            return $page;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+}

app/Entities/Tools/EntityHtmlDescription.php

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Entities\Tools;
+
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\Book;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\Bookshelf;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\Chapter;
+use BookStack\Util\HtmlContentFilter;
+
+class EntityHtmlDescription
+{
+    protected string $html = '';
+    protected string $plain = '';
+
+    public function __construct(
+        protected Book|Chapter|Bookshelf $entity,
+    ) {
+        $this->html = $this->entity->description_html ?? '';
+        $this->plain = $this->entity->description ?? '';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Update the description from HTML code.
+     * Optionally takes plaintext to use for the model also.
+     */
+    public function set(string $html, string|null $plaintext = null): void
+    {
+        $this->html = $html;
+        $this->entity->description_html = $this->html;
+
+        if ($plaintext !== null) {
+            $this->plain = $plaintext;
+            $this->entity->description = $this->plain;
+        }
+
+        if (empty($html) && !empty($plaintext)) {
+            $this->html = $this->getHtml();
+            $this->entity->description_html = $this->html;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the description as HTML.
+     * Optionally returns the raw HTML if requested.
+     */
+    public function getHtml(bool $raw = false): string
+    {
+        $html = $this->html ?: '<p>' . nl2br(e($this->plain)) . '</p>';
+        if ($raw) {
+            return $html;
+        }
+
+        return HtmlContentFilter::removeScriptsFromHtmlString($html);
+    }
+
+    public function getPlain(): string
+    {
+        return $this->plain;
+    }
+}

app/Entities/Tools/EntityHydrator.php

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace BookStack\Entities\Tools;
+
+use BookStack\Activity\Models\Tag;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\Chapter;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\Entity;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\EntityTable;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\Page;
+use BookStack\Entities\Queries\EntityQueries;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection;
+
+class EntityHydrator
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        protected EntityQueries $entityQueries,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Hydrate the entities of this hydrator to return a list of entities represented
+     * in their original intended models.
+     * @param EntityTable[] $entities
+     * @return Entity[]
+     */
+    public function hydrate(array $entities, bool $loadTags = false, bool $loadParents = false): array
+    {
+        $hydrated = [];
+
+        foreach ($entities as $entity) {
+            $data = $entity->getRawOriginal();
+            $instance = Entity::instanceFromType($entity->type);
+
+            if ($instance instanceof Page) {
+                $data['text'] = $data['description'];
+                unset($data['description']);
+            }
+
+            $instance = $instance->setRawAttributes($data, true);
+            $hydrated[] = $instance;
+        }
+
+        if ($loadTags) {
+            $this->loadTagsIntoModels($hydrated);
+        }
+
+        if ($loadParents) {
+            $this->loadParentsIntoModels($hydrated);
+        }
+
+        return $hydrated;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param Entity[] $entities
+     */
+    protected function loadTagsIntoModels(array $entities): void
+    {
+        $idsByType = [];
+        $entityMap = [];
+        foreach ($entities as $entity) {
+            if (!isset($idsByType[$entity->type])) {
+                $idsByType[$entity->type] = [];
+            }
+            $idsByType[$entity->type][] = $entity->id;
+            $entityMap[$entity->type . ':' . $entity->id] = $entity;
+        }
+
+        $query = Tag::query();
+        foreach ($idsByType as $type => $ids) {
+            $query->orWhere(function ($query) use ($type, $ids) {
+                $query->where('entity_type', '=', $type)
+                    ->whereIn('entity_id', $ids);
+            });
+        }
+
+        $tags = empty($idsByType) ? [] : $query->get()->all();
+        $tagMap = [];
+        foreach ($tags as $tag) {
+            $key = $tag->entity_type . ':' . $tag->entity_id;
+            if (!isset($tagMap[$key])) {
+                $tagMap[$key] = [];
+            }
+            $tagMap[$key][] = $tag;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($entityMap as $key => $entity) {
+            $entityTags = new Collection($tagMap[$key] ?? []);
+            $entity->setRelation('tags', $entityTags);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param Entity[] $entities
+     */
+    protected function loadParentsIntoModels(array $entities): void
+    {
+        $parentsByType = ['book' => [], 'chapter' => []];
+
+        foreach ($entities as $entity) {
+            if ($entity->getAttribute('book_id') !== null) {
+                $parentsByType['book'][] = $entity->getAttribute('book_id');
+            }
+            if ($entity->getAttribute('chapter_id') !== null) {
+                $parentsByType['chapter'][] = $entity->getAttribute('chapter_id');
+            }
+        }
+
+        $parentQuery = $this->entityQueries->visibleForList();
+        $filtered = count($parentsByType['book']) > 0 || count($parentsByType['chapter']) > 0;
+        $parentQuery = $parentQuery->where(function ($query) use ($parentsByType) {
+            foreach ($parentsByType as $type => $ids) {
+                if (count($ids) > 0) {
+                    $query = $query->orWhere(function ($query) use ($type, $ids) {
+                        $query->where('type', '=', $type)
+                            ->whereIn('id', $ids);
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        $parentModels = $filtered ? $parentQuery->get()->all() : [];
+        $parents = $this->hydrate($parentModels);
+        $parentMap = [];
+        foreach ($parents as $parent) {
+            $parentMap[$parent->type . ':' . $parent->id] = $parent;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($entities as $entity) {
+            if ($entity instanceof Page || $entity instanceof Chapter) {
+                $key = 'book:' . $entity->getRawAttribute('book_id');
+                $entity->setRelation('book', $parentMap[$key] ?? null);
+            }
+            if ($entity instanceof Page) {
+                $key = 'chapter:' . $entity->getRawAttribute('chapter_id');
+                $entity->setRelation('chapter', $parentMap[$key] ?? null);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

app/Entities/Tools/HierarchyTransformer.php

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ class HierarchyTransformer
         /** @var Page $page */
         foreach ($chapter->pages as $page) {
             $page->chapter_id = 0;
+            $page->save();
             $page->changeBook($book->id);
         }
 

app/Entities/Tools/MixedEntityListLoader.php

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class MixedEntityListLoader
      * This will look for a model id and type via 'name_id' and 'name_type'.
      * @param Model[] $relations
      */
-    public function loadIntoRelations(array $relations, string $relationName, bool $loadParents): void
+    public function loadIntoRelations(array $relations, string $relationName, bool $loadParents, bool $withContents = false): void
     {
         $idsByType = [];
         foreach ($relations as $relation) {
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class MixedEntityListLoader
             $idsByType[$type][] = $id;
         }
 
-        $modelMap = $this->idsByTypeToModelMap($idsByType, $loadParents);
+        $modelMap = $this->idsByTypeToModelMap($idsByType, $loadParents, $withContents);
 
         foreach ($relations as $relation) {
             $type = $relation->getAttribute($relationName . '_type');
@@ -49,13 +49,13 @@ class MixedEntityListLoader
      * @param array<string, int[]> $idsByType
      * @return array<string, array<int, Model>>
      */
-    protected function idsByTypeToModelMap(array $idsByType, bool $eagerLoadParents): array
+    protected function idsByTypeToModelMap(array $idsByType, bool $eagerLoadParents, bool $withContents): array
     {
         $modelMap = [];
 
         foreach ($idsByType as $type => $ids) {
-            $models = $this->queries->visibleForList($type)
-                ->whereIn('id', $ids)
+            $base = $withContents ? $this->queries->visibleForContentForType($type) : $this->queries->visibleForListForType($type);
+            $models = $base->whereIn('id', $ids)
                 ->with($eagerLoadParents ? $this->getRelationsToEagerLoad($type) : [])
                 ->get();
 

app/Entities/Tools/PageContent.php

@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ class PageContent
     /**
      * Get a plain-text visualisation of this page.
      */
-    protected function toPlainText(): string
+    public function toPlainText(): string
     {
         $html = $this->render(true);
 

app/Entities/Tools/TrashCan.php

@@ -6,14 +6,16 @@ use BookStack\Entities\EntityProvider;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Book;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Bookshelf;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Chapter;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\EntityContainerData;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\HasCoverInterface;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Deletion;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Entity;
-use BookStack\Entities\Models\CoverImageInterface;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Page;
 use BookStack\Entities\Queries\EntityQueries;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\NotifyException;
 use BookStack\Facades\Activity;
 use BookStack\Uploads\AttachmentService;
+use BookStack\Uploads\Image;
 use BookStack\Uploads\ImageService;
 use BookStack\Util\DatabaseTransaction;
 use Exception;
@@ -140,6 +142,7 @@ class TrashCan
     protected function destroyShelf(Bookshelf $shelf): int
     {
         $this->destroyCommonRelations($shelf);
+        $shelf->books()->detach();
         $shelf->forceDelete();
 
         return 1;
@@ -167,6 +170,7 @@ class TrashCan
         }
 
         $this->destroyCommonRelations($book);
+        $book->shelves()->detach();
         $book->forceDelete();
 
         return $count + 1;
@@ -209,15 +213,16 @@ class TrashCan
             $attachmentService->deleteFile($attachment);
         }
 
-        // Remove book template usages
-        $this->queries->books->start()
+        // Remove use as a template
+        EntityContainerData::query()
             ->where('default_template_id', '=', $page->id)
             ->update(['default_template_id' => null]);
 
-        // Remove chapter template usages
-        $this->queries->chapters->start()
-            ->where('default_template_id', '=', $page->id)
-            ->update(['default_template_id' => null]);
+        // Nullify uploaded image relations
+        Image::query()
+            ->whereIn('type', ['gallery', 'drawio'])
+            ->where('uploaded_to', '=', $page->id)
+            ->update(['uploaded_to' => null]);
 
         $page->forceDelete();
 
@@ -268,8 +273,8 @@ class TrashCan
         // exists in the event it has already been destroyed during this request.
         $entity = $deletion->deletable()->first();
         $count = 0;
-        if ($entity) {
-            $count = $this->destroyEntity($deletion->deletable);
+        if ($entity instanceof Entity) {
+            $count = $this->destroyEntity($entity);
         }
         $deletion->delete();
 
@@ -398,9 +403,11 @@ class TrashCan
         $entity->referencesTo()->delete();
         $entity->referencesFrom()->delete();
 
-        if ($entity instanceof CoverImageInterface && $entity->cover()->exists()) {
+        if ($entity instanceof HasCoverInterface && $entity->coverInfo()->exists()) {
             $imageService = app()->make(ImageService::class);
-            $imageService->destroy($entity->cover()->first());
+            $imageService->destroy($entity->coverInfo()->getImage());
         }
+
+        $entity->relatedData()->delete();
     }
 }

app/Exports/ExportFormatter.php

@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ class ExportFormatter
     public function bookToPlainText(Book $book): string
     {
         $bookTree = (new BookContents($book))->getTree(false, true);
-        $text = $book->name . "\n" . $book->description;
+        $text = $book->name . "\n" . $book->descriptionInfo()->getPlain();
         $text = rtrim($text) . "\n\n";
 
         $parts = [];
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ class ExportFormatter
     {
         $text = '# ' . $chapter->name . "\n\n";
 
-        $description = (new HtmlToMarkdown($chapter->descriptionHtml()))->convert();
+        $description = (new HtmlToMarkdown($chapter->descriptionInfo()->getHtml()))->convert();
         if ($description) {
             $text .= $description . "\n\n";
         }
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ class ExportFormatter
         $bookTree = (new BookContents($book))->getTree(false, true);
         $text = '# ' . $book->name . "\n\n";
 
-        $description = (new HtmlToMarkdown($book->descriptionHtml()))->convert();
+        $description = (new HtmlToMarkdown($book->descriptionInfo()->getHtml()))->convert();
         if ($description) {
             $text .= $description . "\n\n";
         }

app/Exports/ZipExports/Models/ZipExportBook.php

@@ -55,10 +55,10 @@ final class ZipExportBook extends ZipExportModel
         $instance = new self();
         $instance->id = $model->id;
         $instance->name = $model->name;
-        $instance->description_html = $model->descriptionHtml();
+        $instance->description_html = $model->descriptionInfo()->getHtml();
 
-        if ($model->cover) {
-            $instance->cover = $files->referenceForImage($model->cover);
+        if ($model->coverInfo()->exists()) {
+            $instance->cover = $files->referenceForImage($model->coverInfo()->getImage());
         }
 
         $instance->tags = ZipExportTag::fromModelArray($model->tags()->get()->all());

app/Exports/ZipExports/Models/ZipExportChapter.php

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ final class ZipExportChapter extends ZipExportModel
         $instance = new self();
         $instance->id = $model->id;
         $instance->name = $model->name;
-        $instance->description_html = $model->descriptionHtml();
+        $instance->description_html = $model->descriptionInfo()->getHtml();
         $instance->priority = $model->priority;
         $instance->tags = ZipExportTag::fromModelArray($model->tags()->get()->all());
 

app/Exports/ZipExports/ZipExportReferences.php

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ use BookStack\Exports\ZipExports\Models\ZipExportPage;
 use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\Uploads\Attachment;
 use BookStack\Uploads\Image;
+use BookStack\Uploads\ImageService;
 
 class ZipExportReferences
 {
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ class ZipExportReferences
 
     public function __construct(
         protected ZipReferenceParser $parser,
+        protected ImageService $imageService,
     ) {
     }
 
@@ -133,10 +135,17 @@ class ZipExportReferences
                 return "[[bsexport:image:{$model->id}]]";
             }
 
-            // Find and include images if in visibility
+            // Get the page which we'll reference this image upon
             $page = $model->getPage();
-            $pageExportModel = $this->pages[$page->id] ?? ($exportModel instanceof ZipExportPage ? $exportModel : null);
-            if (isset($this->images[$model->id]) || ($page && $pageExportModel && userCan(Permission::PageView, $page))) {
+            $pageExportModel = null;
+            if ($page && isset($this->pages[$page->id])) {
+                $pageExportModel = $this->pages[$page->id];
+            } elseif ($exportModel instanceof ZipExportPage) {
+                $pageExportModel = $exportModel;
+            }
+
+            // Add the image to the export if it's accessible or just return the existing reference if already added
+            if (isset($this->images[$model->id]) || ($pageExportModel && $this->imageService->imageAccessible($model))) {
                 if (!isset($this->images[$model->id])) {
                     $exportImage = ZipExportImage::fromModel($model, $files);
                     $this->images[$model->id] = $exportImage;
@@ -144,6 +153,7 @@ class ZipExportReferences
                 }
                 return "[[bsexport:image:{$model->id}]]";
             }
+
             return null;
         }
 

app/Exports/ZipExports/ZipImportRunner.php

@@ -135,8 +135,8 @@ class ZipImportRunner
             'tags' => $this->exportTagsToInputArray($exportBook->tags ?? []),
         ]);
 
-        if ($book->cover) {
-            $this->references->addImage($book->cover, null);
+        if ($book->coverInfo()->getImage()) {
+            $this->references->addImage($book->coverInfo()->getImage(), null);
         }
 
         $children = [
@@ -197,8 +197,8 @@ class ZipImportRunner
 
         $this->pageRepo->publishDraft($page, [
             'name' => $exportPage->name,
-            'markdown' => $exportPage->markdown,
-            'html' => $exportPage->html,
+            'markdown' => $exportPage->markdown ?? '',
+            'html' => $exportPage->html ?? '',
             'tags' => $this->exportTagsToInputArray($exportPage->tags ?? []),
         ]);
 

app/Http/ApiController.php

@@ -8,6 +8,12 @@ use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;
 
 abstract class ApiController extends Controller
 {
+    /**
+     * The validation rules for this controller.
+     * Can alternative be defined in a rules() method is they need to be dynamic.
+     *
+     * @var array<string, array<string, string[]>>
+     */
     protected array $rules = [];
 
     /**

app/Permissions/Permission.php

@@ -48,9 +48,7 @@ enum Permission: string
     case AttachmentUpdateAll = 'attachment-update-all';
     case AttachmentUpdateOwn = 'attachment-update-own';
 
-    case CommentCreate = 'comment-create';
     case CommentCreateAll = 'comment-create-all';
-    case CommentCreateOwn = 'comment-create-own';
     case CommentDelete = 'comment-delete';
     case CommentDeleteAll = 'comment-delete-all';
     case CommentDeleteOwn = 'comment-delete-own';

app/Permissions/PermissionApplicator.php

@@ -40,10 +40,6 @@ class PermissionApplicator
         $ownerField = $ownable->getOwnerFieldName();
         $ownableFieldVal = $ownable->getAttribute($ownerField);
 
-        if (is_null($ownableFieldVal)) {
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException("{$ownerField} field used but has not been loaded");
-        }
-
         $isOwner = $user->id === $ownableFieldVal;
         $hasRolePermission = $allRolePermission || ($isOwner && $ownRolePermission);
 
@@ -144,10 +140,10 @@ class PermissionApplicator
                 /** @var Builder $query */
                 $query->where($tableDetails['entityTypeColumn'], '!=', $pageMorphClass)
                 ->orWhereExists(function (QueryBuilder $query) use ($tableDetails, $pageMorphClass) {
-                    $query->select('id')->from('pages')
-                        ->whereColumn('pages.id', '=', $tableDetails['tableName'] . '.' . $tableDetails['entityIdColumn'])
+                    $query->select('page_id')->from('entity_page_data')
+                        ->whereColumn('entity_page_data.page_id', '=', $tableDetails['tableName'] . '.' . $tableDetails['entityIdColumn'])
                         ->where($tableDetails['tableName'] . '.' . $tableDetails['entityTypeColumn'], '=', $pageMorphClass)
-                        ->where('pages.draft', '=', false);
+                        ->where('entity_page_data.draft', '=', false);
                 });
             });
     }
@@ -197,18 +193,18 @@ class PermissionApplicator
     {
         $fullPageIdColumn = $tableName . '.' . $pageIdColumn;
         return $this->restrictEntityQuery($query)
-            ->where(function ($query) use ($fullPageIdColumn) {
-                /** @var Builder $query */
-                $query->whereExists(function (QueryBuilder $query) use ($fullPageIdColumn) {
-                    $query->select('id')->from('pages')
-                        ->whereColumn('pages.id', '=', $fullPageIdColumn)
-                        ->where('pages.draft', '=', false);
-                })->orWhereExists(function (QueryBuilder $query) use ($fullPageIdColumn) {
-                    $query->select('id')->from('pages')
-                        ->whereColumn('pages.id', '=', $fullPageIdColumn)
-                        ->where('pages.draft', '=', true)
-                        ->where('pages.created_by', '=', $this->currentUser()->id);
-                });
+            ->whereExists(function (QueryBuilder $query) use ($fullPageIdColumn) {
+                $query->select('id')->from('entities')
+                    ->leftJoin('entity_page_data', 'entities.id', '=', 'entity_page_data.page_id')
+                    ->whereColumn('entities.id', '=', $fullPageIdColumn)
+                    ->where('entities.type', '=', 'page')
+                    ->where(function (QueryBuilder $query) {
+                        $query->where('entity_page_data.draft', '=', false)
+                            ->orWhere(function (QueryBuilder $query) {
+                                $query->where('entity_page_data.draft', '=', true)
+                                    ->where('entities.created_by', '=', $this->currentUser()->id);
+                            });
+                    });
             });
     }
 

app/References/ReferenceFetcher.php

@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ class ReferenceFetcher
      * Query and return the references pointing to the given entity.
      * Loads the commonly required relations while taking permissions into account.
      */
-    public function getReferencesToEntity(Entity $entity): Collection
+    public function getReferencesToEntity(Entity $entity, bool $withContents = false): Collection
     {
         $references = $this->queryReferencesToEntity($entity)->get();
-        $this->mixedEntityListLoader->loadIntoRelations($references->all(), 'from', true);
+        $this->mixedEntityListLoader->loadIntoRelations($references->all(), 'from', false, $withContents);
 
         return $references;
     }

app/References/ReferenceUpdater.php

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 namespace BookStack\References;
 
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Book;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\HasDescriptionInterface;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Entity;
-use BookStack\Entities\Models\HtmlDescriptionInterface;
-use BookStack\Entities\Models\HtmlDescriptionTrait;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\EntityContainerData;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Page;
 use BookStack\Entities\Repos\RevisionRepo;
 use BookStack\Util\HtmlDocument;
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class ReferenceUpdater
     protected function getReferencesToUpdate(Entity $entity): array
     {
         /** @var Reference[] $references */
-        $references = $this->referenceFetcher->getReferencesToEntity($entity)->values()->all();
+        $references = $this->referenceFetcher->getReferencesToEntity($entity, true)->values()->all();
 
         if ($entity instanceof Book) {
             $pages = $entity->pages()->get(['id']);
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class ReferenceUpdater
             $children = $pages->concat($chapters);
             foreach ($children as $bookChild) {
                 /** @var Reference[] $childRefs */
-                $childRefs = $this->referenceFetcher->getReferencesToEntity($bookChild)->values()->all();
+                $childRefs = $this->referenceFetcher->getReferencesToEntity($bookChild, true)->values()->all();
                 array_push($references, ...$childRefs);
             }
         }
@@ -64,16 +64,16 @@ class ReferenceUpdater
             $this->updateReferencesWithinPage($entity, $oldLink, $newLink);
         }
 
-        if ($entity instanceof HtmlDescriptionInterface) {
+        if ($entity instanceof HasDescriptionInterface) {
             $this->updateReferencesWithinDescription($entity, $oldLink, $newLink);
         }
     }
 
-    protected function updateReferencesWithinDescription(Entity&HtmlDescriptionInterface $entity, string $oldLink, string $newLink): void
+    protected function updateReferencesWithinDescription(Entity&HasDescriptionInterface $entity, string $oldLink, string $newLink): void
     {
-        $entity = (clone $entity)->refresh();
-        $html = $this->updateLinksInHtml($entity->descriptionHtml(true) ?: '', $oldLink, $newLink);
-        $entity->setDescriptionHtml($html);
+        $description = $entity->descriptionInfo();
+        $html = $this->updateLinksInHtml($description->getHtml(true) ?: '', $oldLink, $newLink);
+        $description->set($html);
         $entity->save();
     }
 

app/Search/SearchApiController.php

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 <?php
 
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
 namespace BookStack\Search;
 
 use BookStack\Api\ApiEntityListFormatter;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Entity;
 use BookStack\Http\ApiController;
+use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 
 class SearchApiController extends ApiController
@@ -31,11 +34,9 @@ class SearchApiController extends ApiController
      * between: bookshelf, book, chapter & page.
      *
      * The paging parameters and response format emulates a standard listing endpoint
-     * but standard sorting and filtering cannot be done on this endpoint. If a count value
-     * is provided this will only be taken as a suggestion. The results in the response
-     * may currently be up to 4x this value.
+     * but standard sorting and filtering cannot be done on this endpoint.
      */
-    public function all(Request $request)
+    public function all(Request $request): JsonResponse
     {
         $this->validate($request, $this->rules['all']);
 

app/Search/SearchController.php

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use BookStack\Entities\Queries\QueryPopular;
 use BookStack\Entities\Tools\SiblingFetcher;
 use BookStack\Http\Controller;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
+use Illuminate\Pagination\LengthAwarePaginator;
 
 class SearchController extends Controller
 {
@@ -23,20 +24,21 @@ class SearchController extends Controller
     {
         $searchOpts = SearchOptions::fromRequest($request);
         $fullSearchString = $searchOpts->toString();
-        $this->setPageTitle(trans('entities.search_for_term', ['term' => $fullSearchString]));
-
         $page = intval($request->get('page', '0')) ?: 1;
-        $nextPageLink = url('/search?term=' . urlencode($fullSearchString) . '&page=' . ($page + 1));
 
         $results = $this->searchRunner->searchEntities($searchOpts, 'all', $page, 20);
         $formatter->format($results['results']->all(), $searchOpts);
+        $paginator = new LengthAwarePaginator($results['results'], $results['total'], 20, $page);
+        $paginator->setPath('/search');
+        $paginator->appends($request->except('page'));
+
+        $this->setPageTitle(trans('entities.search_for_term', ['term' => $fullSearchString]));
 
         return view('search.all', [
             'entities'     => $results['results'],
             'totalResults' => $results['total'],
+            'paginator'    => $paginator,
             'searchTerm'   => $fullSearchString,
-            'hasNextPage'  => $results['has_more'],
-            'nextPageLink' => $nextPageLink,
             'options'      => $searchOpts,
         ]);
     }
@@ -128,7 +130,7 @@ class SearchController extends Controller
     }
 
     /**
-     * Search siblings items in the system.
+     * Search sibling items in the system.
      */
     public function searchSiblings(Request $request, SiblingFetcher $siblingFetcher)
     {

app/Search/SearchIndex.php

@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ class SearchIndex
         $termMap = $this->textToTermCountMap($text);
 
         foreach ($termMap as $term => $count) {
-            $termMap[$term] = floor($count * $scoreAdjustment);
+            $termMap[$term] = intval($count * $scoreAdjustment);
         }
 
         return $termMap;

app/Search/SearchResultsFormatter.php

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class SearchResultsFormatter
             $offset = 0;
             $term = mb_strtolower($term);
             $pos = mb_strpos($text, $term, $offset);
-            while ($pos !== false) {
+            while ($pos !== false && count($matchRefs) < 25) {
                 $end = $pos + mb_strlen($term);
                 $matchRefs[$pos] = $end;
                 $offset = $end;

app/Search/SearchRunner.php

@@ -4,16 +4,15 @@ namespace BookStack\Search;
 
 use BookStack\Entities\EntityProvider;
 use BookStack\Entities\Models\Entity;
-use BookStack\Entities\Models\Page;
 use BookStack\Entities\Queries\EntityQueries;
+use BookStack\Entities\Tools\EntityHydrator;
 use BookStack\Permissions\PermissionApplicator;
 use BookStack\Search\Options\TagSearchOption;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
 use Illuminate\Database\Connection;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder as EloquentBuilder;
-use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection as EloquentCollection;
-use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
 use Illuminate\Database\Query\Builder;
+use Illuminate\Database\Query\JoinClause;
 use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ use WeakMap;
 class SearchRunner
 {
     /**
-     * Retain a cache of score adjusted terms for specific search options.
+     * Retain a cache of score-adjusted terms for specific search options.
      */
     protected WeakMap $termAdjustmentCache;
 
@@ -30,16 +29,15 @@ class SearchRunner
         protected EntityProvider $entityProvider,
         protected PermissionApplicator $permissions,
         protected EntityQueries $entityQueries,
+        protected EntityHydrator $entityHydrator,
     ) {
         $this->termAdjustmentCache = new WeakMap();
     }
 
     /**
      * Search all entities in the system.
-     * The provided count is for each entity to search,
-     * Total returned could be larger and not guaranteed.
      *
-     * @return array{total: int, count: int, has_more: bool, results: Collection<Entity>}
+     * @return array{total: int, results: Collection<Entity>}
      */
     public function searchEntities(SearchOptions $searchOpts, string $entityType = 'all', int $page = 1, int $count = 20): array
     {
@@ -53,32 +51,13 @@ class SearchRunner
             $entityTypesToSearch = explode('|', $filterMap['type']);
         }
 
-        $results = collect();
-        $total = 0;
-        $hasMore = false;
-
-        foreach ($entityTypesToSearch as $entityType) {
-            if (!in_array($entityType, $entityTypes)) {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            $searchQuery = $this->buildQuery($searchOpts, $entityType);
-            $entityTotal = $searchQuery->count();
-            $searchResults = $this->getPageOfDataFromQuery($searchQuery, $entityType, $page, $count);
-
-            if ($entityTotal > ($page * $count)) {
-                $hasMore = true;
-            }
-
-            $total += $entityTotal;
-            $results = $results->merge($searchResults);
-        }
+        $searchQuery = $this->buildQuery($searchOpts, $entityTypesToSearch);
+        $total = $searchQuery->count();
+        $results = $this->getPageOfDataFromQuery($searchQuery, $page, $count);
 
         return [
             'total'    => $total,
-            'count'    => count($results),
-            'has_more' => $hasMore,
-            'results'  => $results->sortByDesc('score')->values(),
+            'results'  => $results->values(),
         ];
     }
 
@@ -92,17 +71,10 @@ class SearchRunner
         $filterMap = $opts->filters->toValueMap();
         $entityTypesToSearch = isset($filterMap['type']) ? explode('|', $filterMap['type']) : $entityTypes;
 
-        $results = collect();
-        foreach ($entityTypesToSearch as $entityType) {
-            if (!in_array($entityType, $entityTypes)) {
-                continue;
-            }
+        $filteredTypes = array_intersect($entityTypesToSearch, $entityTypes);
+        $query = $this->buildQuery($opts, $filteredTypes)->where('book_id', '=', $bookId);
 
-            $search = $this->buildQuery($opts, $entityType)->where('book_id', '=', $bookId)->take(20)->get();
-            $results = $results->merge($search);
-        }
-
-        return $results->sortByDesc('score')->take(20);
+        return $this->getPageOfDataFromQuery($query, 1, 20)->sortByDesc('score');
     }
 
     /**
@@ -111,54 +83,45 @@ class SearchRunner
     public function searchChapter(int $chapterId, string $searchString): Collection
     {
         $opts = SearchOptions::fromString($searchString);
-        $pages = $this->buildQuery($opts, 'page')->where('chapter_id', '=', $chapterId)->take(20)->get();
+        $query = $this->buildQuery($opts, ['page'])->where('chapter_id', '=', $chapterId);
 
-        return $pages->sortByDesc('score');
+        return $this->getPageOfDataFromQuery($query, 1, 20)->sortByDesc('score');
     }
 
     /**
      * Get a page of result data from the given query based on the provided page parameters.
      */
-    protected function getPageOfDataFromQuery(EloquentBuilder $query, string $entityType, int $page = 1, int $count = 20): EloquentCollection
+    protected function getPageOfDataFromQuery(EloquentBuilder $query, int $page, int $count): Collection
     {
-        $relations = ['tags'];
-
-        if ($entityType === 'page' || $entityType === 'chapter') {
-            $relations['book'] = function (BelongsTo $query) {
-                $query->scopes('visible');
-            };
-        }
-
-        if ($entityType === 'page') {
-            $relations['chapter'] = function (BelongsTo $query) {
-                $query->scopes('visible');
-            };
-        }
-
-        return $query->clone()
-            ->with(array_filter($relations))
+        $entities = $query->clone()
             ->skip(($page - 1) * $count)
             ->take($count)
             ->get();
+
+        $hydrated = $this->entityHydrator->hydrate($entities->all(), true, true);
+
+        return collect($hydrated);
     }
 
     /**
      * Create a search query for an entity.
+     * @param string[] $entityTypes
      */
-    protected function buildQuery(SearchOptions $searchOpts, string $entityType): EloquentBuilder
+    protected function buildQuery(SearchOptions $searchOpts, array $entityTypes): EloquentBuilder
     {
-        $entityModelInstance = $this->entityProvider->get($entityType);
-        $entityQuery = $this->entityQueries->visibleForList($entityType);
+        $entityQuery = $this->entityQueries->visibleForList()
+            ->whereIn('type', $entityTypes);
 
         // Handle normal search terms
-        $this->applyTermSearch($entityQuery, $searchOpts, $entityType);
+        $this->applyTermSearch($entityQuery, $searchOpts, $entityTypes);
 
         // Handle exact term matching
         foreach ($searchOpts->exacts->all() as $exact) {
-            $filter = function (EloquentBuilder $query) use ($exact, $entityModelInstance) {
+            $filter = function (EloquentBuilder $query) use ($exact) {
                 $inputTerm = str_replace('\\', '\\\\', $exact->value);
                 $query->where('name', 'like', '%' . $inputTerm . '%')
-                    ->orWhere($entityModelInstance->textField, 'like', '%' . $inputTerm . '%');
+                    ->orWhere('description', 'like', '%' . $inputTerm . '%')
+                    ->orWhere('text', 'like', '%' . $inputTerm . '%');
             };
 
             $exact->negated ? $entityQuery->whereNot($filter) : $entityQuery->where($filter);
@@ -173,7 +136,7 @@ class SearchRunner
         foreach ($searchOpts->filters->all() as $filterOption) {
             $functionName = Str::camel('filter_' . $filterOption->getKey());
             if (method_exists($this, $functionName)) {
-                $this->$functionName($entityQuery, $entityModelInstance, $filterOption->value, $filterOption->negated);
+                $this->$functionName($entityQuery, $filterOption->value, $filterOption->negated);
             }
         }
 
@@ -183,7 +146,7 @@ class SearchRunner
     /**
      * For the given search query, apply the queries for handling the regular search terms.
      */
-    protected function applyTermSearch(EloquentBuilder $entityQuery, SearchOptions $options, string $entityType): void
+    protected function applyTermSearch(EloquentBuilder $entityQuery, SearchOptions $options, array $entityTypes): void
     {
         $terms = $options->searches->toValueArray();
         if (count($terms) === 0) {
@@ -200,8 +163,6 @@ class SearchRunner
         ]);
 
         $subQuery->addBinding($scoreSelect['bindings'], 'select');
-
-        $subQuery->where('entity_type', '=', $entityType);
         $subQuery->where(function (Builder $query) use ($terms) {
             foreach ($terms as $inputTerm) {
                 $escapedTerm = str_replace('\\', '\\\\', $inputTerm);
@@ -210,7 +171,10 @@ class SearchRunner
         });
         $subQuery->groupBy('entity_type', 'entity_id');
 
-        $entityQuery->joinSub($subQuery, 's', 'id', '=', 'entity_id');
+        $entityQuery->joinSub($subQuery, 's', function (JoinClause $join) {
+            $join->on('s.entity_id', '=', 'entities.id')
+                ->on('s.entity_type', '=', 'entities.type');
+        });
         $entityQuery->addSelect('s.score');
         $entityQuery->orderBy('score', 'desc');
     }
@@ -338,7 +302,7 @@ class SearchRunner
         $option->negated ? $query->whereDoesntHave('tags', $filter) : $query->whereHas('tags', $filter);
     }
 
-    protected function applyNegatableWhere(EloquentBuilder $query, bool $negated, string $column, string $operator, mixed $value): void
+    protected function applyNegatableWhere(EloquentBuilder $query, bool $negated, string|callable $column, string|null $operator, mixed $value): void
     {
         if ($negated) {
             $query->whereNot($column, $operator, $value);
@@ -350,31 +314,31 @@ class SearchRunner
     /**
      * Custom entity search filters.
      */
-    protected function filterUpdatedAfter(EloquentBuilder $query, Entity $model, string $input, bool $negated): void
+    protected function filterUpdatedAfter(EloquentBuilder $query, string $input, bool $negated): void
     {
         $date = date_create($input);
         $this->applyNegatableWhere($query, $negated, 'updated_at', '>=', $date);
     }
 
-    protected function filterUpdatedBefore(EloquentBuilder $query, Entity $model, string $input, bool $negated): void
+    protected function filterUpdatedBefore(EloquentBuilder $query, string $input, bool $negated): void
     {
         $date = date_create($input);
         $this->applyNegatableWhere($query, $negated, 'updated_at', '<', $date);
     }
 
-    protected function filterCreatedAfter(EloquentBuilder $query, Entity $model, string $input, bool $negated): void
+    protected function filterCreatedAfter(EloquentBuilder $query, string $input, bool $negated): void
     {
         $date = date_create($input);
         $this->applyNegatableWhere($query, $negated, 'created_at', '>=', $date);
     }
 
-    protected function filterCreatedBefore(EloquentBuilder $query, Entity $model, string $input, bool $negated)
+    protected function filterCreatedBefore(EloquentBuilder $query, string $input, bool $negated)
     {
         $date = date_create($input);
         $this->applyNegatableWhere($query, $negated, 'created_at', '<', $date);
     }
 
-    protected function filterCreatedBy(EloquentBuilder $query, Entity $model, string $input, bool $negated)
+    protected function filterCreatedBy(EloquentBuilder $query, string $input, bool $negated)
     {
         $userSlug = $input === 'me' ? user()->slug : trim($input);
         $user = User::query()->where('slug', '=', $userSlug)->first(['id']);
@@ -383,7 +347,7 @@ class SearchRunner
         }
     }
 
-    protected function filterUpdatedBy(EloquentBuilder $query, Entity $model, string $input, bool $negated)
+    protected function filterUpdatedBy(EloquentBuilder $query, string $input, bool $negated)
     {
         $userSlug = $input === 'me' ? user()->slug : trim($input);
         $user = User::query()->where('slug', '=', $userSlug)->first(['id']);
@@ -392,7 +356,7 @@ class SearchRunner
         }
     }
 
-    protected function filterOwnedBy(EloquentBuilder $query, Entity $model, string $input, bool $negated)
+    protected function filterOwnedBy(EloquentBuilder $query, string $input, bool $negated)
     {
         $userSlug = $input === 'me' ? user()->slug : trim($input);
         $user = User::query()->where('slug', '=', $userSlug)->first(['id']);
@@ -401,27 +365,30 @@ class SearchRunner
         }
     }
 
-    protected function filterInName(EloquentBuilder $query, Entity $model, string $input, bool $negated)
+    protected function filterInName(EloquentBuilder $query, string $input, bool $negated)
     {
         $this->applyNegatableWhere($query, $negated, 'name', 'like', '%' . $input . '%');
     }
 
-    protected function filterInTitle(EloquentBuilder $query, Entity $model, string $input, bool $negated)
+    protected function filterInTitle(EloquentBuilder $query, string $input, bool $negated)
     {
-        $this->filterInName($query, $model, $input, $negated);
+        $this->filterInName($query, $input, $negated);
     }
 
-    protected function filterInBody(EloquentBuilder $query, Entity $model, string $input, bool $negated)
+    protected function filterInBody(EloquentBuilder $query, string $input, bool $negated)
     {
-        $this->applyNegatableWhere($query, $negated, $model->textField, 'like', '%' . $input . '%');
+        $this->applyNegatableWhere($query, $negated, function (EloquentBuilder $query) use ($input) {
+            $query->where('description', 'like', '%' . $input . '%')
+                ->orWhere('text', 'like', '%' . $input . '%');
+        }, null, null);
     }
 
-    protected function filterIsRestricted(EloquentBuilder $query, Entity $model, string $input, bool $negated)
+    protected function filterIsRestricted(EloquentBuilder $query, string $input, bool $negated)
     {
         $negated ? $query->whereDoesntHave('permissions') : $query->whereHas('permissions');
     }
 
-    protected function filterViewedByMe(EloquentBuilder $query, Entity $model, string $input, bool $negated)
+    protected function filterViewedByMe(EloquentBuilder $query, string $input, bool $negated)
     {
         $filter = function ($query) {
             $query->where('user_id', '=', user()->id);
@@ -430,7 +397,7 @@ class SearchRunner
         $negated ? $query->whereDoesntHave('views', $filter) : $query->whereHas('views', $filter);
     }
 
-    protected function filterNotViewedByMe(EloquentBuilder $query, Entity $model, string $input, bool $negated)
+    protected function filterNotViewedByMe(EloquentBuilder $query, string $input, bool $negated)
     {
         $filter = function ($query) {
             $query->where('user_id', '=', user()->id);
@@ -439,31 +406,30 @@ class SearchRunner
         $negated ? $query->whereHas('views', $filter) : $query->whereDoesntHave('views', $filter);
     }
 
-    protected function filterIsTemplate(EloquentBuilder $query, Entity $model, string $input, bool $negated)
+    protected function filterIsTemplate(EloquentBuilder $query, string $input, bool $negated)
     {
-        if ($model instanceof Page) {
-            $this->applyNegatableWhere($query, $negated, 'template', '=', true);
-        }
+        $this->applyNegatableWhere($query, $negated, 'template', '=', true);
     }
 
-    protected function filterSortBy(EloquentBuilder $query, Entity $model, string $input, bool $negated)
+    protected function filterSortBy(EloquentBuilder $query, string $input, bool $negated)
     {
         $functionName = Str::camel('sort_by_' . $input);
         if (method_exists($this, $functionName)) {
-            $this->$functionName($query, $model, $negated);
+            $this->$functionName($query, $negated);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Sorting filter options.
      */
-    protected function sortByLastCommented(EloquentBuilder $query, Entity $model, bool $negated)
+    protected function sortByLastCommented(EloquentBuilder $query, bool $negated)
     {
         $commentsTable = DB::getTablePrefix() . 'comments';
-        $morphClass = str_replace('\\', '\\\\', $model->getMorphClass());
-        $commentQuery = DB::raw('(SELECT c1.entity_id, c1.entity_type, c1.created_at as last_commented FROM ' . $commentsTable . ' c1 LEFT JOIN ' . $commentsTable . ' c2 ON (c1.entity_id = c2.entity_id AND c1.entity_type = c2.entity_type AND c1.created_at < c2.created_at) WHERE c1.entity_type = \'' . $morphClass . '\' AND c2.created_at IS NULL) as comments');
+        $commentQuery = DB::raw('(SELECT c1.commentable_id, c1.commentable_type, c1.created_at as last_commented FROM ' . $commentsTable . ' c1 LEFT JOIN ' . $commentsTable . ' c2 ON (c1.commentable_id = c2.commentable_id AND c1.commentable_type = c2.commentable_type AND c1.created_at < c2.created_at) WHERE c2.created_at IS NULL) as comments');
 
-        $query->join($commentQuery, $model->getTable() . '.id', '=', DB::raw('comments.entity_id'))
-            ->orderBy('last_commented', $negated ? 'asc' : 'desc');
+        $query->join($commentQuery, function (JoinClause $join) {
+            $join->on('entities.id', '=', 'comments.commentable_id')
+                ->on('entities.type', '=', 'comments.commentable_type');
+        })->orderBy('last_commented', $negated ? 'asc' : 'desc');
     }
 }

app/Sorting/BookSorter.php

@@ -33,22 +33,22 @@ class BookSorter
      */
     public function runBookAutoSort(Book $book): void
     {
-        $set = $book->sortRule;
-        if (!$set) {
+        $rule = $book->sortRule()->first();
+        if (!($rule instanceof SortRule)) {
             return;
         }
 
         $sortFunctions = array_map(function (SortRuleOperation $op) {
             return $op->getSortFunction();
-        }, $set->getOperations());
+        }, $rule->getOperations());
 
         $chapters = $book->chapters()
-            ->with('pages:id,name,priority,created_at,updated_at,chapter_id')
+            ->with('pages:id,name,book_id,chapter_id,priority,created_at,updated_at')
             ->get(['id', 'name', 'priority', 'created_at', 'updated_at']);
 
         /** @var (Chapter|Book)[] $topItems */
         $topItems = [
-            ...$book->directPages()->get(['id', 'name', 'priority', 'created_at', 'updated_at']),
+            ...$book->directPages()->get(['id', 'book_id', 'name', 'priority', 'created_at', 'updated_at']),
             ...$chapters,
         ];
 
@@ -155,11 +155,12 @@ class BookSorter
 
         // Action the required changes
         if ($bookChanged) {
-            $model->changeBook($newBook->id);
+            $model = $model->changeBook($newBook->id);
         }
 
         if ($model instanceof Page && $chapterChanged) {
             $model->chapter_id = $newChapter->id ?? 0;
+            $model->unsetRelation('chapter');
         }
 
         if ($priorityChanged) {

app/Sorting/SortRule.php

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class SortRule extends Model implements Loggable
 
     public function books(): HasMany
     {
-        return $this->hasMany(Book::class);
+        return $this->hasMany(Book::class, 'entity_container_data.sort_rule_id', 'id');
     }
 
     public static function allByName(): Collection

app/Sorting/SortRuleController.php

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 namespace BookStack\Sorting;
 
 use BookStack\Activity\ActivityType;
+use BookStack\Entities\Models\EntityContainerData;
 use BookStack\Http\Controller;
 use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
@@ -88,7 +89,9 @@ class SortRuleController extends Controller
 
         if ($booksAssigned > 0) {
             if ($confirmed) {
-                $rule->books()->update(['sort_rule_id' => null]);
+                EntityContainerData::query()
+                    ->where('sort_rule_id', $rule->id)
+                    ->update(['sort_rule_id' => null]);
             } else {
                 $warnings[] = trans('settings.sort_rule_delete_warn_books', ['count' => $booksAssigned]);
             }

app/Uploads/Controllers/AttachmentApiController.php

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace BookStack\Uploads\Controllers;
 
+use BookStack\Entities\EntityExistsRule;
 use BookStack\Entities\Queries\PageQueries;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\FileUploadException;
 use BookStack\Http\ApiController;
@@ -173,13 +174,13 @@ class AttachmentApiController extends ApiController
         return [
             'create' => [
                 'name'        => ['required', 'string', 'min:1', 'max:255'],
-                'uploaded_to' => ['required', 'integer', 'exists:pages,id'],
+                'uploaded_to' => ['required', 'integer', new EntityExistsRule('page')],
                 'file'        => array_merge(['required_without:link'], $this->attachmentService->getFileValidationRules()),
                 'link'        => ['required_without:file', 'string', 'min:1', 'max:2000', 'safe_url'],
             ],
             'update' => [
                 'name'        => ['string', 'min:1', 'max:255'],
-                'uploaded_to' => ['integer', 'exists:pages,id'],
+                'uploaded_to' => ['integer', new EntityExistsRule('page')],
                 'file'        => $this->attachmentService->getFileValidationRules(),
                 'link'        => ['string', 'min:1', 'max:2000', 'safe_url'],
             ],

app/Uploads/Controllers/AttachmentController.php

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace BookStack\Uploads\Controllers;
 
+use BookStack\Entities\EntityExistsRule;
 use BookStack\Entities\Queries\PageQueries;
 use BookStack\Entities\Repos\PageRepo;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\FileUploadException;
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ class AttachmentController extends Controller
     public function upload(Request $request)
     {
         $this->validate($request, [
-            'uploaded_to' => ['required', 'integer', 'exists:pages,id'],
+            'uploaded_to' => ['required', 'integer',  new EntityExistsRule('page')],
             'file'        => array_merge(['required'], $this->attachmentService->getFileValidationRules()),
         ]);
 
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ class AttachmentController extends Controller
 
         try {
             $this->validate($request, [
-                'attachment_link_uploaded_to' => ['required', 'integer', 'exists:pages,id'],
+                'attachment_link_uploaded_to' => ['required', 'integer',  new EntityExistsRule('page')],
                 'attachment_link_name'        => ['required', 'string', 'min:1', 'max:255'],
                 'attachment_link_url'         => ['required', 'string', 'min:1', 'max:2000', 'safe_url'],
             ]);

app/Uploads/Controllers/ImageGalleryApiController.php

@@ -3,11 +3,13 @@
 namespace BookStack\Uploads\Controllers;
 
 use BookStack\Entities\Queries\PageQueries;
+use BookStack\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
 use BookStack\Http\ApiController;
 use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;
 use BookStack\Uploads\Image;
 use BookStack\Uploads\ImageRepo;
 use BookStack\Uploads\ImageResizer;
+use BookStack\Uploads\ImageService;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 
 class ImageGalleryApiController extends ApiController
@@ -20,6 +22,7 @@ class ImageGalleryApiController extends ApiController
         protected ImageRepo $imageRepo,
         protected ImageResizer $imageResizer,
         protected PageQueries $pageQueries,
+        protected ImageService $imageService,
     ) {
     }
 
@@ -32,6 +35,9 @@ class ImageGalleryApiController extends ApiController
                 'image' => ['required', 'file', ...$this->getImageValidationRules()],
                 'name'  => ['string', 'max:180'],
             ],
+            'readDataForUrl' => [
+                'url' => ['required', 'string', 'url'],
+            ],
             'update' => [
                 'name'  => ['string', 'max:180'],
                 'image' => ['file', ...$this->getImageValidationRules()],
@@ -85,7 +91,8 @@ class ImageGalleryApiController extends ApiController
      * The "thumbs" response property contains links to scaled variants that BookStack may use in its UI.
      * The "content" response property provides HTML and Markdown content, in the format that BookStack
      * would typically use by default to add the image in page content, as a convenience.
-     * Actual image file data is not provided but can be fetched via the "url" response property.
+     * Actual image file data is not provided but can be fetched via the "url" response property or by
+     * using the "read-data" endpoint.
      */
     public function read(string $id)
     {
@@ -94,6 +101,37 @@ class ImageGalleryApiController extends ApiController
         return response()->json($this->formatForSingleResponse($image));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Read the image file data for a single image in the system.
+     * The returned response will be a stream of image data instead of a JSON response.
+     */
+    public function readData(string $id)
+    {
+        $image = Image::query()->scopes(['visible'])->findOrFail($id);
+
+        return $this->imageService->streamImageFromStorageResponse('gallery', $image->path);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read the image file data for a single image in the system, using the provided URL
+     * to identify the image instead of its ID, which is provided as a "URL" query parameter.
+     * The returned response will be a stream of image data instead of a JSON response.
+     */
+    public function readDataForUrl(Request $request)
+    {
+        $data = $this->validate($request, $this->rules()['readDataForUrl']);
+        $basePath = url('/uploads/images/');
+        $imagePath = str_replace($basePath, '', $data['url']);
+
+        if (!$this->imageService->pathAccessible($imagePath)) {
+            throw (new NotFoundException(trans('errors.image_not_found')))
+                ->setSubtitle(trans('errors.image_not_found_subtitle'))
+                ->setDetails(trans('errors.image_not_found_details'));
+        }
+
+        return $this->imageService->streamImageFromStorageResponse('gallery', $imagePath);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Update the details of an existing image in the system.
      * Since "image" is expected to be a file, this needs to be a 'multipart/form-data' type request if providing a

app/Uploads/Image.php

@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@ use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
 
 /**
- * @property int    $id
- * @property string $name
- * @property string $url
- * @property string $path
- * @property string $type
- * @property int    $uploaded_to
- * @property int    $created_by
- * @property int    $updated_by
+ * @property int      $id
+ * @property string   $name
+ * @property string   $url
+ * @property string   $path
+ * @property string   $type
+ * @property int|null $uploaded_to
+ * @property int      $created_by
+ * @property int      $updated_by
  */
 class Image extends Model implements OwnableInterface
 {
@@ -42,7 +42,9 @@ class Image extends Model implements OwnableInterface
      */
     public function scopeVisible(Builder $query): Builder
     {
-        return app()->make(PermissionApplicator::class)->restrictPageRelationQuery($query, 'images', 'uploaded_to');
+        return app()->make(PermissionApplicator::class)
+            ->restrictPageRelationQuery($query, 'images', 'uploaded_to')
+            ->whereIn('type', ['gallery', 'drawio']);
     }
 
     /**

app/Uploads/ImageService.php

@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ class ImageService
     }
 
     /**
-     * Destroy an image along with its revisions, thumbnails and remaining folders.
+     * Destroy an image along with its revisions, thumbnails, and remaining folders.
      *
      * @throws Exception
      */
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ class ImageService
                 /** @var Image $image */
                 foreach ($images as $image) {
                     $searchQuery = '%' . basename($image->path) . '%';
-                    $inPage = DB::table('pages')
+                    $inPage = DB::table('entity_page_data')
                             ->where('html', 'like', $searchQuery)->count() > 0;
 
                     $inRevision = false;
@@ -252,16 +252,59 @@ class ImageService
     {
         $disk = $this->storage->getDisk('gallery');
 
+        return $disk->usingSecureImages() && $this->pathAccessible($imagePath);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if the given path exists and is accessible depending on the current settings.
+     */
+    public function pathAccessible(string $imagePath): bool
+    {
         if ($this->storage->usingSecureRestrictedImages() && !$this->checkUserHasAccessToRelationOfImageAtPath($imagePath)) {
             return false;
         }
 
-        // Check local_secure is active
-        return $disk->usingSecureImages()
-            // Check the image file exists
-            && $disk->exists($imagePath)
-            // Check the file is likely an image file
-            && str_starts_with($disk->mimeType($imagePath), 'image/');
+        if ($this->blockedBySecureImages()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return $this->imageFileExists($imagePath, 'gallery');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if the given image should be accessible to the current user.
+     */
+    public function imageAccessible(Image $image): bool
+    {
+        if ($this->storage->usingSecureRestrictedImages() && !$this->checkUserHasAccessToRelationOfImage($image)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($this->blockedBySecureImages()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return $this->imageFileExists($image->path, $image->type);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if the current user should be blocked from accessing images based on if secure images are enabled
+     * and if public access is enabled for the application.
+     */
+    protected function blockedBySecureImages(): bool
+    {
+        $enforced = $this->storage->usingSecureImages() && !setting('app-public');
+
+        return $enforced && user()->isGuest();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if the given image path exists for the given image type and that it is likely an image file.
+     */
+    protected function imageFileExists(string $imagePath, string $imageType): bool
+    {
+        $disk = $this->storage->getDisk($imageType);
+        return $disk->exists($imagePath) && str_starts_with($disk->mimeType($imagePath), 'image/');
     }
 
     /**
@@ -290,6 +333,11 @@ class ImageService
             return false;
         }
 
+        return $this->checkUserHasAccessToRelationOfImage($image);
+    }
+
+    protected function checkUserHasAccessToRelationOfImage(Image $image): bool
+    {
         $imageType = $image->type;
 
         // Allow user or system (logo) images

app/Uploads/ImageStorage.php

@@ -34,6 +34,15 @@ class ImageStorage
         return config('filesystems.images') === 'local_secure_restricted';
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Check if "local secure" (Fetched behind auth, either with or without permissions enforced)
+     * is currently active in the instance.
+     */
+    public function usingSecureImages(): bool
+    {
+        return config('filesystems.images') === 'local_secure' || $this->usingSecureRestrictedImages();
+    }
+
     /**
      * Clean up an image file name to be both URL and storage safe.
      */
@@ -65,7 +74,7 @@ class ImageStorage
             return 'local';
         }
 
-        // Rename local_secure options to get our image specific storage driver which
+        // Rename local_secure options to get our image-specific storage driver, which
         // is scoped to the relevant image directories.
         if ($localSecureInUse) {
             return 'local_secure_images';

app/Users/Controllers/UserApiController.php

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace BookStack\Users\Controllers;
 
+use BookStack\Entities\EntityExistsRule;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\UserUpdateException;
 use BookStack\Http\ApiController;
 use BookStack\Permissions\Permission;

app/Users/Models/User.php

@@ -31,8 +31,6 @@ use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;
 use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
 
 /**
- * Class User.
- *
  * @property int        $id
  * @property string     $name
  * @property string     $slug

app/Users/UserRepo.php

@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ namespace BookStack\Users;
 use BookStack\Access\UserInviteException;
 use BookStack\Access\UserInviteService;
 use BookStack\Activity\ActivityType;
-use BookStack\Entities\EntityProvider;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\NotifyException;
 use BookStack\Exceptions\UserUpdateException;
 use BookStack\Facades\Activity;
 use BookStack\Uploads\UserAvatars;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\Role;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\User;
+use DB;
 use Exception;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ class UserRepo
     ) {
     }
 
-
     /**
      * Get a user by their email address.
      */
@@ -159,15 +158,12 @@ class UserRepo
      *
      * @throws Exception
      */
-    public function destroy(User $user, ?int $newOwnerId = null)
+    public function destroy(User $user, ?int $newOwnerId = null): void
     {
         $this->ensureDeletable($user);
 
-        $user->socialAccounts()->delete();
-        $user->apiTokens()->delete();
-        $user->favourites()->delete();
-        $user->mfaValues()->delete();
-        $user->watches()->delete();
+        $this->removeUserDependantRelations($user);
+        $this->nullifyUserNonDependantRelations($user);
         $user->delete();
 
         // Delete user profile images
@@ -176,16 +172,52 @@ class UserRepo
         // Delete related activities
         setting()->deleteUserSettings($user->id);
 
+        // Migrate or nullify ownership
+        $newOwner = null;
         if (!empty($newOwnerId)) {
             $newOwner = User::query()->find($newOwnerId);
-            if (!is_null($newOwner)) {
-                $this->migrateOwnership($user, $newOwner);
-            }
         }
+        $this->migrateOwnership($user, $newOwner);
 
         Activity::add(ActivityType::USER_DELETE, $user);
     }
 
+    protected function removeUserDependantRelations(User $user): void
+    {
+        $user->apiTokens()->delete();
+        $user->socialAccounts()->delete();
+        $user->favourites()->delete();
+        $user->mfaValues()->delete();
+        $user->watches()->delete();
+
+        $tables = ['email_confirmations', 'user_invites', 'views'];
+        foreach ($tables as $table) {
+            DB::table($table)->where('user_id', '=', $user->id)->delete();
+        }
+    }
+    protected function nullifyUserNonDependantRelations(User $user): void
+    {
+        $toNullify = [
+            'attachments' => ['created_by', 'updated_by'],
+            'comments' => ['created_by', 'updated_by'],
+            'deletions' => ['deleted_by'],
+            'entities' => ['created_by', 'updated_by'],
+            'images' => ['created_by', 'updated_by'],
+            'imports' => ['created_by'],
+            'joint_permissions' => ['owner_id'],
+            'page_revisions' => ['created_by'],
+            'sessions' => ['user_id'],
+        ];
+
+        foreach ($toNullify as $table => $columns) {
+            foreach ($columns as $column) {
+                DB::table($table)
+                    ->where($column, '=', $user->id)
+                    ->update([$column => null]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * @throws NotifyException
      */
@@ -203,13 +235,12 @@ class UserRepo
     /**
      * Migrate ownership of items in the system from one user to another.
      */
-    protected function migrateOwnership(User $fromUser, User $toUser)
+    protected function migrateOwnership(User $fromUser, User|null $toUser): void
     {
-        $entities = (new EntityProvider())->all();
-        foreach ($entities as $instance) {
-            $instance->newQuery()->where('owned_by', '=', $fromUser->id)
-                ->update(['owned_by' => $toUser->id]);
-        }
+        $newOwnerValue = $toUser ? $toUser->id : null;
+        DB::table('entities')
+            ->where('owned_by', '=', $fromUser->id)
+            ->update(['owned_by' => $newOwnerValue]);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -247,7 +278,7 @@ class UserRepo
      *
      * @throws UserUpdateException
      */
-    protected function setUserRoles(User $user, array $roles)
+    protected function setUserRoles(User $user, array $roles): void
     {
         $roles = array_filter(array_values($roles));
 
@@ -260,7 +291,7 @@ class UserRepo
 
     /**
      * Check if the given user is the last admin and their new roles no longer
-     * contains the admin role.
+     * contain the admin role.
      */
     protected function demotingLastAdmin(User $user, array $newRoles): bool
     {

composer.json

@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@
             "@php artisan view:clear"
         ],
         "refresh-test-database": [
+            "@putenv APP_TIMEZONE=UTC",
             "@php artisan migrate:refresh --database=mysql_testing",
             "@php artisan db:seed --class=DummyContentSeeder --database=mysql_testing"
         ]