release: 2.10.0

Co-authored-by: Elias Schneider <login@eliasschneider.com>

.devcontainer/devcontainer.json

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
   "name": "pocket-id",
   "image": "mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/typescript-node:1-22-bookworm",
   "features": {
-    "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/go:1": {}
+    "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/go:1": {
+      "version": "1.26"
+    }
   },
   "customizations": {
     "vscode": {

.env.example

@@ -1,6 +1,18 @@
 # See the documentation for more information: https://pocket-id.org/docs/configuration/environment-variables
+
+# These variables must be configured for your deployment:
 APP_URL=https://your-pocket-id-domain.com
+
+# Encryption key (choose one method):
+# Method 1: Direct key (simple but less secure)
+# Generate with: openssl rand -base64 32
+ENCRYPTION_KEY=
+# Method 2: File-based key (recommended)
+# Put the base64 key in a file and point to it here.
+# ENCRYPTION_KEY_FILE=/path/to/encryption_key
+
+# These variables are optional but recommended to review:
 TRUST_PROXY=false
 MAXMIND_LICENSE_KEY=
 PUID=1000
-PGID=1000
+PGID=1000

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature.yml

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 name: 🚀 Feature
 description: "Submit a proposal for a new feature"
 title: "🚀 Feature: "
-type: 'Feature'
+type: "Feature"
+labels: ["needs more upvotes"]
 body:
   - type: textarea
     id: feature-description

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -1,12 +1,83 @@
-# To get started with Dependabot version updates, you'll need to specify which
-# package ecosystems to update and where the package manifests are located.
-# Please see the documentation for more information:
-# https://docs.github.com/github/administering-a-repository/configuration-options-for-dependency-updates
-# https://containers.dev/guide/dependabot
-
 version: 2
+
+multi-ecosystem-groups:
+  all-dependencies:
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+      day: "friday"
+      time: "17:00"
+      timezone: "Europe/Zurich"
+    labels:
+      - "dependencies"
+    open-pull-requests-limit: 2
+    pull-request-branch-name:
+      separator: "-"
+    commit-message:
+      prefix: "chore"
+      include: "scope"
+
 updates:
- - package-ecosystem: "devcontainers"
-   directory: "/"
-   schedule:
-     interval: weekly
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    patterns: ["*"]
+    multi-ecosystem-group: "all-dependencies"
+    ignore:
+      - dependency-name: "*"
+        update-types: ["version-update:semver-major"]
+    cooldown:
+      default-days: 7
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "gomod"
+    directory: "/backend"
+    patterns: ["*"]
+    multi-ecosystem-group: "all-dependencies"
+    ignore:
+      - dependency-name: "*"
+        update-types: ["version-update:semver-major"]
+    cooldown:
+      default-days: 7
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "npm"
+    directory: "/"
+    patterns: ["*"]
+    multi-ecosystem-group: "all-dependencies"
+    versioning-strategy: "increase-if-necessary"
+    ignore:
+      - dependency-name: "*"
+        update-types: ["version-update:semver-major"]
+    cooldown:
+      default-days: 7
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "docker"
+    directories:
+      - "/docker"
+      - "/tests/setup"
+    patterns: ["*"]
+    multi-ecosystem-group: "all-dependencies"
+    ignore:
+      - dependency-name: "*"
+        update-types: ["version-update:semver-major"]
+    cooldown:
+      default-days: 7
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "docker-compose"
+    directories:
+      - "/"
+      - "/tests/setup"
+    patterns: ["*"]
+    multi-ecosystem-group: "all-dependencies"
+    ignore:
+      - dependency-name: "*"
+        update-types: ["version-update:semver-major"]
+    cooldown:
+      default-days: 7
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "devcontainers"
+    directory: "/"
+    patterns: ["*"]
+    multi-ecosystem-group: "all-dependencies"
+    ignore:
+      - dependency-name: "*"
+        update-types: ["version-update:semver-major"]
+    cooldown:
+      default-days: 7

.github/pull_request_template.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+## What does this PR do?
+
+## Screenshots
+
+## AI Usage
+
+## Contributing Guidelines
+
+Have you read the [Contributing Guidelines](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md)?
+
+- [ ] If I'm implementing a new feature, I have opened an issue first, or commented on an existing one, to discuss the implementation details.
+- [ ] I have read the [AI Usage Guidelines](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#ai-usage-policy).

.github/workflows/backend-linter.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ on:
     paths:
       - "backend/**"
   pull_request:
-    branches: [main]
+    branches: [main, breaking/**]
     paths:
       - "backend/**"
 
@@ -17,14 +17,15 @@ permissions:
   pull-requests: read
   # Optional: allow write access to checks to allow the action to annotate code in the PR.
   checks: write
+  id-token: write
 
 jobs:
   golangci-lint:
     name: Run Golangci-lint
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: depot-ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Set up Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v6
@@ -32,9 +33,9 @@ jobs:
           go-version-file: backend/go.mod
 
       - name: Run Golangci-lint
-        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v8.0.0
+        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v9.2.1
         with:
-          version: v2.4.0
+          version: v2.11.4
           args: --build-tags=exclude_frontend
           working-directory: backend
           only-new-issues: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}

.github/workflows/build-next.yml

@@ -4,93 +4,89 @@ on:
   push:
     branches:
       - main
+  workflow_dispatch:
 
 concurrency:
   group: build-next-image
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  packages: write
+  id-token: write
+  attestations: write
+  artifact-metadata: write
+
 jobs:
   build-next:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      packages: write
-      id-token: write
-      attestations: write
+    runs-on: depot-ubuntu-latest
+
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
 
       - name: Setup pnpm
-        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v5
+        with:
+          run_install: false
 
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
-          node-version: 22
+          node-version: 24
+          cache: pnpm
 
       - name: Setup Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v6
         with:
-          go-version-file: "backend/go.mod"
+          go-version-file: backend/go.mod
+          cache-dependency-path: backend/go.sum
 
-      - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+      - name: Set up Depot CLI
+        uses: depot/setup-action@v1
 
-      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
-
-      - name: Set DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME
-        run: |
-          # Lowercase REPO_OWNER which is required for containers
-          REPO_OWNER=${{ github.repository_owner }}
-          DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME="ghcr.io/${REPO_OWNER,,}/pocket-id"
-          echo "DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME=${DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME}" >>${GITHUB_ENV}
+      - name: Setup depot buildx driver
+        run: depot configure-docker
 
       - name: Login to GitHub Container Registry
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@v4.2.0
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
           password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
 
-      - name: Install frontend dependencies
-        run: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
-
-      - name: Build frontend
-        working-directory: frontend
-        run: pnpm run build
-
-      - name: Build binaries
-        run: sh scripts/development/build-binaries.sh --docker-only
-
-      - name: Build and push container image
-        id: build-push-image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+      - name: Login to Docker Hub
+        uses: docker/login-action@v4.2.0
         with:
-          context: .
-          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
-          push: true
-          tags: ${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}:next
-          file: docker/Dockerfile-prebuilt
-      - name: Build and push container image (distroless)
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
-        id: container-build-push-distroless
+          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Run GoReleaser
+        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v7.2.2
         with:
-          context: .
-          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
-          push: true
-          tags: ${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}:next-distroless
-          file: docker/Dockerfile-distroless
+          distribution: goreleaser-pro
+          version: "~> v2"
+          args: release --clean --skip=announce,validate --parallelism=4
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          BUILD_NEXT: "true"
+          SKIP_RELEASE: "true"
+          SKIP_CHANGELOG: "true"
+          GORELEASER_KEY: ${{ secrets.GORELEASER_KEY }}
+          MACOS_SIGN_P12: ${{ secrets.MACOS_SIGN_P12 }}
+          MACOS_SIGN_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.MACOS_SIGN_PASSWORD }}
+          MACOS_NOTARY_KEY: ${{ secrets.MACOS_NOTARY_KEY }}
+          MACOS_NOTARY_KEY_ID: ${{ secrets.MACOS_NOTARY_KEY_ID }}
+          MACOS_NOTARY_ISSUER_ID: ${{ secrets.MACOS_NOTARY_ISSUER_ID }}
+
+      - name: Binary attestation
+        uses: actions/attest@v4
+        with:
+          subject-checksums: ./dist/checksums.txt
+
       - name: Container image attestation
-        uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v2
+        uses: actions/attest@v4
         with:
-          subject-name: "${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}"
-          subject-digest: ${{ steps.build-push-image.outputs.digest }}
-          push-to-registry: true
-      - name: Container image attestation (distroless)
-        uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v2
-        with:
-          subject-name: "${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}"
-          subject-digest: ${{ steps.container-build-push-distroless.outputs.digest }}
-          push-to-registry: true
+          subject-checksums: ./dist/digests.txt

.github/workflows/close-stale-feature-requests.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+name: Close Stale Feature Requests
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "0 0 * * 1" # Runs every Monday at midnight
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      dry-run:
+        description: "Log matching issues without closing them"
+        required: false
+        default: false
+        type: boolean
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  issues: write
+
+jobs:
+  close-stale-feature-requests:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: pocket-id/low-demand-closer@v1
+        with:
+          dry-run: ${{ inputs['dry-run'] || false }}

.github/workflows/e2e-tests.yml

@@ -1,121 +1,113 @@
 name: E2E Tests
 on:
   push:
-    branches: [main]
+    branches: [ main ]
     paths-ignore:
       - "docs/**"
       - "**.md"
       - ".github/**"
   pull_request:
-    branches: [main]
+    branches: [ main, breaking/** ]
     paths-ignore:
       - "docs/**"
       - "**.md"
       - ".github/**"
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  actions: write
+  id-token: write
+
 jobs:
-  build:
-    if: github.event.pull_request.head.ref != 'i18n_crowdin'
-    timeout-minutes: 20
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      actions: write
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
-
-      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
-
-      - name: Build and export
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
-        with:
-          context: .
-          file: docker/Dockerfile
-          push: false
-          load: false
-          tags: pocket-id:test
-          outputs: type=docker,dest=/tmp/docker-image.tar
-          build-args: BUILD_TAGS=e2etest
-          cache-from: type=gha
-          cache-to: type=gha,mode=max
-
-      - name: Upload Docker image artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: docker-image
-          path: /tmp/docker-image.tar
-          retention-days: 1
-
   test:
     if: github.event.pull_request.head.ref != 'i18n_crowdin'
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      actions: write
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: build
+    runs-on: depot-ubuntu-24.04-32
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        db: [sqlite, postgres]
+        include:
+          - db: sqlite
+            storage: filesystem
+          - db: postgres
+            storage: filesystem
+          - db: sqlite
+            storage: s3
+          - db: sqlite
+            storage: database
+          - db: postgres
+            storage: database
+
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Setup pnpm
-        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v5
 
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
-          node-version: 22
+          node-version: 24
+          cache: "pnpm"
+
+      - name: Set up Depot CLI
+        uses: depot/setup-action@v1
+
+      - name: Set up Depot Docker builder
+        run: depot configure-docker
 
       - name: Cache Playwright Browsers
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
         id: playwright-cache
         with:
           path: ~/.cache/ms-playwright
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-playwright-${{ hashFiles('pnpm-lock.yaml') }}
+
       - name: Cache PostgreSQL Docker image
-        if: matrix.db == 'postgres'
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
         id: postgres-cache
         with:
           path: /tmp/postgres-image.tar
           key: postgres-17-${{ runner.os }}
-
       - name: Pull and save PostgreSQL image
         if: matrix.db == 'postgres' && steps.postgres-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: |
           docker pull postgres:17
           docker save postgres:17 > /tmp/postgres-image.tar
-
-      - name: Load PostgreSQL image from cache
+      - name: Load PostgreSQL image
         if: matrix.db == 'postgres' && steps.postgres-cache.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
         run: docker load < /tmp/postgres-image.tar
-      - name: Cache LLDAP Docker image
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
-        id: lldap-cache
-        with:
-          path: /tmp/lldap-image.tar
-          key: lldap-stable-${{ runner.os }}
 
-      - name: Pull and save LLDAP image
-        if: steps.lldap-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+      - name: Cache SCIM Test Server Docker image
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        id: scim-cache
+        with:
+          path: /tmp/scim-test-server-image.tar
+          key: scim-test-server-${{ runner.os }}
+      - name: Pull and save SCIM Test Server image
+        if: steps.scim-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: |
-          docker pull nitnelave/lldap:stable
-          docker save nitnelave/lldap:stable > /tmp/lldap-image.tar
+          docker pull ghcr.io/pocket-id/scim-test-server
+          docker save ghcr.io/pocket-id/scim-test-server > /tmp/scim-test-server-image.tar
+      - name: Load SCIM Test Server image
+        if: steps.scim-cache.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
+        run: docker load < /tmp/scim-test-server-image.tar
 
-      - name: Load LLDAP image from cache
-        if: steps.lldap-cache.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
-        run: docker load < /tmp/lldap-image.tar
-      - name: Download Docker image artifact
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+      - name: Cache Localstack S3 Docker image
+        if: matrix.storage == 's3'
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        id: s3-cache
         with:
-          name: docker-image
-          path: /tmp
-
-      - name: Load Docker image
-        run: docker load -i /tmp/docker-image.tar
+          path: /tmp/localstack-s3-image.tar
+          key: localstack-4.14.0-${{ runner.os }}
+      - name: Pull and save Localstack S3 image
+        if: matrix.storage == 's3' && steps.s3-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        run: |
+          docker pull localstack/localstack:4.14.0
+          docker save localstack/localstack:4.14.0 > /tmp/localstack-s3-image.tar
+      - name: Load Localstack S3 image
+        if: matrix.storage == 's3' && steps.s3-cache.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
+        run: docker load < /tmp/localstack-s3-image.tar
 
       - name: Install test dependencies
         run: pnpm --filter pocket-id-tests install --frozen-lockfile
@@ -124,38 +116,58 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: ./tests
         if: steps.playwright-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: pnpm exec playwright install --with-deps chromium
-      - name: Run Docker Container (sqlite) with LDAP
-        if: matrix.db == 'sqlite'
-        working-directory: ./tests/setup
-        run: |
-          docker compose up -d
-          docker compose logs -f pocket-id &> /tmp/backend.log &
 
-      - name: Run Docker Container (postgres) with LDAP
-        if: matrix.db == 'postgres'
+      - name: Run Docker containers
         working-directory: ./tests/setup
         run: |
-          docker compose -f docker-compose-postgres.yml up -d
-          docker compose -f docker-compose-postgres.yml logs -f pocket-id &> /tmp/backend.log &
+          DOCKER_COMPOSE_FILE=docker-compose.yml
+
+          cat > .env <<EOF
+          FILE_BACKEND=${{ matrix.storage }}
+          SCIM_SERVICE_PROVIDER_URL=http://localhost:18123/v2
+          SCIM_SERVICE_PROVIDER_URL_INTERNAL=http://scim-test-server:8080/v2
+          EOF
+
+          if [ "${{ matrix.db }}" = "postgres" ]; then
+            DOCKER_COMPOSE_FILE=docker-compose-postgres.yml
+          elif [ "${{ matrix.storage }}" = "s3" ]; then
+            DOCKER_COMPOSE_FILE=docker-compose-s3.yml
+          fi
+
+          docker compose -f "$DOCKER_COMPOSE_FILE" up -d --build
+
+          {
+            LOG_FILE="/tmp/backend.log"
+            while true; do
+              CID=$(docker compose -f "$DOCKER_COMPOSE_FILE" ps -q pocket-id)
+              if [ -n "$CID" ]; then
+                echo "[$(date)] Attaching logs for $CID" >> "$LOG_FILE"
+                docker logs -f --since=0 "$CID" >> "$LOG_FILE" 2>&1
+              else
+                echo "[$(date)] Container not yet running…" >> "$LOG_FILE"
+              fi
+              sleep 1
+            done
+          } &
 
       - name: Run Playwright tests
         working-directory: ./tests
         run: pnpm exec playwright test
 
       - name: Upload Test Report
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         if: always() && github.event.pull_request.head.ref != 'i18n_crowdin'
         with:
-          name: playwright-report-${{ matrix.db }}
+          name: playwright-report-${{ matrix.db }}-${{ matrix.storage }}
           path: tests/.report
           include-hidden-files: true
           retention-days: 15
 
       - name: Upload Backend Test Report
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         if: always() && github.event.pull_request.head.ref != 'i18n_crowdin'
         with:
-          name: backend-${{ matrix.db }}
+          name: backend-${{ matrix.db }}-${{ matrix.storage }}
           path: /tmp/backend.log
           include-hidden-files: true
           retention-days: 15

.github/workflows/pr-quality.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+name: PR Quality
+
+permissions:
+    contents: read
+    issues: read
+    pull-requests: write
+
+on:
+    pull_request_target:
+        types: [opened, reopened]
+
+jobs:
+    pr-quality:
+        runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+        steps:
+            - uses: peakoss/anti-slop@v0
+              with:
+                  # General Settings
+                  max-failures: 4
+
+                  # PR Branch Checks
+                  allowed-target-branches: "main"
+                  blocked-target-branches: ""
+                  allowed-source-branches: ""
+                  blocked-source-branches: ""
+
+                  # PR Quality Checks
+                  max-negative-reactions: 0
+                  require-maintainer-can-modify: true
+
+                  # PR Title Checks
+                  require-conventional-title: true
+
+                  # PR Description Checks
+                  require-description: true
+                  max-description-length: 2500
+                  max-emoji-count: 0
+                  max-code-references: 0
+                  require-linked-issue: false
+                  blocked-terms: ""
+                  blocked-issue-numbers: ""
+
+                  # PR Template Checks
+                  require-pr-template: true
+                  strict-pr-template-sections: "Contributing Guidelines"
+                  optional-pr-template-sections: "Issues"
+                  max-additional-pr-template-sections: 3
+
+                  # Commit Message Checks
+                  max-commit-message-length: 500
+                  require-conventional-commits: false
+                  require-commit-author-match: true
+                  blocked-commit-authors: ""
+
+                  # File Checks
+                  allowed-file-extensions: ""
+                  allowed-paths: ""
+                  blocked-paths: |
+                      SECURITY.md
+                      LICENSE
+                  require-final-newline: false
+                  max-added-comments: 0
+
+                  # User Checks
+                  detect-spam-usernames: true
+                  min-account-age: 30
+                  max-daily-forks: 7
+                  min-profile-completeness: 4
+
+                  # Merge Checks
+                  min-repo-merged-prs: 0
+                  min-repo-merge-ratio: 0
+                  min-global-merge-ratio: 30
+                  global-merge-ratio-exclude-own: false
+
+                  # Exemptions
+                  exempt-draft-prs: false
+                  exempt-bots: |
+                      actions-user
+                      dependabot[bot]
+                      renovate[bot]
+                      github-actions[bot]
+                  exempt-users: "James18232"
+                  exempt-author-association: "OWNER,MEMBER,COLLABORATOR"
+                  exempt-label: "quality/exempt"
+                  exempt-pr-label: ""
+                  exempt-all-milestones: false
+                  exempt-all-pr-milestones: false
+                  exempt-milestones: ""
+                  exempt-pr-milestones: ""
+
+                  # PR Success Actions
+                  success-add-pr-labels: "quality/verified"
+
+                  # PR Failure Actions
+                  failure-remove-pr-labels: ""
+                  failure-remove-all-pr-labels: true
+                  failure-add-pr-labels: "quality/rejected"
+                  failure-pr-message: |
+                      This PR did not pass quality checks so it will be closed.
+                      See the [workflow run](https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}/attempts/${{ github.run_attempt }}) for details on which checks failed.
+
+                      If you believe this is a mistake please let us know.
+
+                  close-pr: true
+                  lock-pr: false

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -5,121 +5,87 @@ on:
     tags:
       - "v*.*.*"
 
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+  packages: write
+  id-token: write
+  attestations: write
+  artifact-metadata: write
+
 jobs:
-  build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      contents: write
-      packages: write
-      attestations: write
-      id-token: write
+  release:
+    runs-on: depot-ubuntu-24.04-16
+
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
       - name: Setup pnpm
-        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v5
+        with:
+          run_install: false
+
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
-          node-version: 22
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+          node-version: 24
+          cache: pnpm
+
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
         with:
-          go-version-file: "backend/go.mod"
-      - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
-      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
-      - name: Set DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME
-        run: |
-          # Lowercase REPO_OWNER which is required for containers
-          REPO_OWNER=${{ github.repository_owner }}
-          DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME="ghcr.io/${REPO_OWNER,,}/pocket-id"
-          echo "DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME=${DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME}" >>${GITHUB_ENV}
+          go-version-file: backend/go.mod
+          cache-dependency-path: backend/go.sum
+
+      - name: Set up Depot CLI
+        uses: depot/setup-action@v1
+
+      - name: Setup depot buildx driver
+        run: depot configure-docker
+
       - name: Login to GitHub Container Registry
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@v4.2.0
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
-          username: ${{github.repository_owner}}
-          password: ${{secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN}}
-      - name: Docker metadata
-        id: meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
-        with:
-          images: |
-            ${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}
-          tags: |
-            type=semver,pattern={{version}},prefix=v
-            type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}},prefix=v
-            type=semver,pattern={{major}},prefix=v
-      - name: Docker metadata (distroless)
-        id: meta-distroless
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
-        with:
-          images: |
-            ${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}
-          flavor: |
-            suffix=-distroless,onlatest=true
-          tags: |
-            type=semver,pattern={{version}},prefix=v
-            type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}},prefix=v
-            type=semver,pattern={{major}},prefix=v
-      - name: Install frontend dependencies
-        run: pnpm --filter pocket-id-frontend install --frozen-lockfile
-      - name: Build frontend
-        run: pnpm --filter pocket-id-frontend build
+          username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
 
-      - name: Build binaries
-        run: sh scripts/development/build-binaries.sh
-      - name: Build and push container image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
-        id: container-build-push
+      - name: Login to Docker Hub
+        uses: docker/login-action@v4.2.0
         with:
-          context: .
-          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
-          push: true
-          tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
-          labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
-          file: docker/Dockerfile-prebuilt
-      - name: Build and push container image (distroless)
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
-        id: container-build-push-distroless
+          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Run GoReleaser
+        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v7.2.2
         with:
-          context: .
-          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
-          push: true
-          tags: ${{ steps.meta-distroless.outputs.tags }}
-          labels: ${{ steps.meta-distroless.outputs.labels }}
-          file: docker/Dockerfile-distroless
-      - name: Binary attestation
-        uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v2
-        with:
-          subject-path: "backend/.bin/pocket-id-**"
-      - name: Container image attestation
-        uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v2
-        with:
-          subject-name: "${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}"
-          subject-digest: ${{ steps.container-build-push.outputs.digest }}
-          push-to-registry: true
-      - name: Container image attestation (distroless)
-        uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v2
-        with:
-          subject-name: "${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}"
-          subject-digest: ${{ steps.container-build-push-distroless.outputs.digest }}
-          push-to-registry: true
-      - name: Upload binaries to release
+          distribution: goreleaser-pro
+          version: "~> v2"
+          args: release --clean --skip=validate --parallelism=4
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        run: gh release upload ${{ github.ref_name }} backend/.bin/*
+          GORELEASER_KEY: ${{ secrets.GORELEASER_KEY }}
+          MACOS_SIGN_P12: ${{ secrets.MACOS_SIGN_P12 }}
+          MACOS_SIGN_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.MACOS_SIGN_PASSWORD }}
+          MACOS_NOTARY_KEY: ${{ secrets.MACOS_NOTARY_KEY }}
+          MACOS_NOTARY_KEY_ID: ${{ secrets.MACOS_NOTARY_KEY_ID }}
+          MACOS_NOTARY_ISSUER_ID: ${{ secrets.MACOS_NOTARY_ISSUER_ID }}
+          DISCORD_WEBHOOK_ID: ${{ secrets.DISCORD_WEBHOOK_ID }}
+          DISCORD_WEBHOOK_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.DISCORD_WEBHOOK_TOKEN }}
 
-  publish-release:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: [build]
-    permissions:
-      contents: write
-    env:
-      GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v5
-      - name: Mark release as published
+      - name: Binary attestation
+        uses: actions/attest@v4
+        with:
+          subject-checksums: ./dist/checksums.txt
+
+      - name: Container image attestation
+        uses: actions/attest@v4
+        with:
+          subject-checksums: ./dist/digests.txt
+
+      - name: Publish release
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         run: gh release edit ${{ github.ref_name }} --draft=false

.github/workflows/svelte-check.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ on:
       - "frontend/tsconfig.json"
       - "frontend/svelte.config.js"
   pull_request:
-    branches: [main]
+    branches: [main, breaking/**]
     paths:
       - "frontend/src/**"
       - ".github/svelte-check-matcher.json"
@@ -21,28 +21,31 @@ on:
       - "frontend/svelte.config.js"
   workflow_dispatch:
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  checks: write
+  pull-requests: write
+  id-token: write
+
 jobs:
   type-check:
     name: Run Svelte Check
     # Don't run on dependabot branches
     if: github.actor != 'dependabot[bot]'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      checks: write
-      pull-requests: write
+    runs-on: depot-ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Setup pnpm
-        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v5
 
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
-          node-version: 22
+          node-version: 24
+          cache: "pnpm"
 
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: pnpm --filter pocket-id-frontend install --frozen-lockfile

.github/workflows/unit-tests.yml

@@ -5,18 +5,20 @@ on:
     paths:
       - "backend/**"
   pull_request:
-    branches: [main]
+    branches: [main, breaking/**]
     paths:
       - "backend/**"
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  id-token: write
+  actions: write
+
 jobs:
   test-backend:
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      actions: write
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: depot-ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
         with:
           go-version-file: "backend/go.mod"
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           set -e -o pipefail
           go test -tags=exclude_frontend -v ./... | tee /tmp/TestResults.log
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         if: always()
         with:
           name: backend-unit-tests

.github/workflows/update-aaguids.yml

@@ -8,14 +8,15 @@ on:
 permissions:
   contents: write
   pull-requests: write
+  id-token: write
 
 jobs:
   update-aaguids:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: depot-ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Fetch JSON data
         run: |

.gitignore

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ node_modules
 /backend/bin
 pocket-id
 /tests/test-results/*.json
+.tmp/
 
 # OS
 .DS_Store
@@ -59,3 +60,5 @@ yarn-error.log*
 
 #Debug
 backend/cmd/__debug_*
+# Added by goreleaser init:
+dist/

.goreleaser.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+# yaml-language-server: $schema=https://goreleaser.com/static/schema-pro.json
+# vim: set ts=2 sw=2 tw=0 fo=jcroql
+version: 2
+pro: true
+
+project_name: pocket-id
+
+before:
+  hooks:
+    - pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
+    - pnpm -C frontend build
+
+builds:
+  - id: pocket-id
+    main: ./cmd
+    dir: backend
+    binary: pocket-id
+    env:
+      - CGO_ENABLED=0
+      - GOMAXPROCS=2
+    goos:
+      - linux
+      - darwin
+      - windows
+      - freebsd
+      - openbsd
+    goarch:
+      - amd64
+      - arm64
+      - "386"
+      - arm
+    goarm:
+      - "7"
+    goamd64:
+      - v1
+    go386:
+      - sse2
+    ignore:
+      - goos: darwin
+        goarch: "386"
+      - goos: darwin
+        goarch: arm
+      - goos: windows
+        goarch: "386"
+      - goos: windows
+        goarch: arm
+      - goos: freebsd
+        goarch: "386"
+      - goos: freebsd
+        goarch: arm
+      - goos: openbsd
+        goarch: "386"
+      - goos: openbsd
+        goarch: arm
+    ldflags:
+      - -w -s
+      - -buildid={{ .Version }}
+      - -X github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common.Version={{ .Version }}
+    flags:
+      - -trimpath
+      - -p=2
+    mod_timestamp: "{{ .CommitTimestamp }}"
+    skip: '{{ if index .Env "BUILD_NEXT" }}true{{ end }}'
+
+  - id: pocket-id-next
+    main: ./cmd
+    dir: backend
+    binary: pocket-id
+    env:
+      - CGO_ENABLED=0
+      - GOMAXPROCS=2
+    targets:
+      - linux_amd64_v1
+      - linux_arm64_v8.0
+    ldflags:
+      - -w -s
+      - -buildid={{ .Version }}
+      - -X github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common.Version={{ .Version }}
+    flags:
+      - -trimpath
+      - -p=2
+    mod_timestamp: "{{ .CommitTimestamp }}"
+    skip: '{{ if not (index .Env "BUILD_NEXT") }}true{{ end }}'
+
+archives:
+  - id: default
+    formats:
+      - binary
+    name_template: "{{ .Binary }}_{{ .Os }}_{{ .Arch }}{{ with .Arm }}v{{ . }}{{ end }}"
+
+checksum:
+  name_template: checksums.txt
+
+docker_digest:
+  name_template: digests.txt
+
+dockers_v2:
+  - id: pocket-id
+    ids:
+      - pocket-id
+    dockerfile: docker/Dockerfile-prebuilt
+    images:
+      - "pocketid/pocket-id"
+      - "ghcr.io/{{ .Env.GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER }}/pocket-id"
+    tags:
+      - "{{ .Tag }}"
+      - "v{{ .Major }}"
+      - "v{{ .Major }}.{{ .Minor }}"
+      - "latest"
+    platforms:
+      - linux/amd64
+      - linux/arm64
+    labels:
+      "org.opencontainers.image.authors": "Pocket ID"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.url": "https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.documentation": "https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/blob/main/README.md"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.source": "https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.version": "{{ .Version }}"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.revision": "{{ .FullCommit }}"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.licenses": "BSD-2-Clause"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.ref.name": "pocket-id"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.title": "Pocket ID"
+    disable: '{{ if index .Env "BUILD_NEXT" }}true{{ end }}'
+    sbom: true
+    extra_files:
+      - scripts/docker
+
+  - id: pocket-id-distroless
+    ids:
+      - pocket-id
+    dockerfile: docker/Dockerfile-distroless
+    images:
+      - "pocketid/pocket-id"
+      - "ghcr.io/{{ .Env.GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER }}/pocket-id"
+    tags:
+      - "{{ .Tag }}-distroless"
+      - "v{{ .Major }}-distroless"
+      - "v{{ .Major }}.{{ .Minor }}-distroless"
+      - "latest-distroless"
+    platforms:
+      - linux/amd64
+      - linux/arm64
+    labels:
+      "org.opencontainers.image.authors": "Pocket ID"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.url": "https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.documentation": "https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/blob/main/README.md"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.source": "https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.version": "{{ .Version }}"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.revision": "{{ .FullCommit }}"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.licenses": "BSD-2-Clause"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.ref.name": "pocket-id"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.title": "Pocket ID"
+    disable: '{{ if index .Env "BUILD_NEXT" }}true{{ end }}'
+    sbom: true
+
+  - id: pocket-id-next
+    ids:
+      - pocket-id-next
+    dockerfile: docker/Dockerfile-prebuilt
+    images:
+      - "pocketid/pocket-id"
+      - "ghcr.io/{{ .Env.GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER }}/pocket-id"
+    tags:
+      - "next"
+    platforms:
+      - linux/amd64
+      - linux/arm64
+    labels:
+      "org.opencontainers.image.authors": "Pocket ID"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.url": "https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.documentation": "https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/blob/main/README.md"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.source": "https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.version": "{{ .Version }}"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.revision": "{{ .FullCommit }}"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.licenses": "BSD-2-Clause"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.ref.name": "pocket-id"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.title": "Pocket ID"
+    disable: '{{ if not (index .Env "BUILD_NEXT") }}true{{ end }}'
+    sbom: true
+    extra_files:
+      - scripts/docker
+
+  - id: pocket-id-next-distroless
+    ids:
+      - pocket-id-next
+    dockerfile: docker/Dockerfile-distroless
+    images:
+      - "pocketid/pocket-id"
+      - "ghcr.io/{{ .Env.GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER }}/pocket-id"
+    tags:
+      - "next-distroless"
+    platforms:
+      - linux/amd64
+      - linux/arm64
+    labels:
+      "org.opencontainers.image.authors": "Pocket ID"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.url": "https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.documentation": "https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/blob/main/README.md"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.source": "https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.version": "{{ .Version }}"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.revision": "{{ .FullCommit }}"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.licenses": "BSD-2-Clause"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.ref.name": "pocket-id"
+      "org.opencontainers.image.title": "Pocket ID"
+    disable: '{{ if not (index .Env "BUILD_NEXT") }}true{{ end }}'
+    sbom: true
+
+notarize:
+  macos:
+    - enabled: '{{ if and (isEnvSet "MACOS_SIGN_P12") (not (index .Env "BUILD_NEXT")) }}true{{ end }}'
+      ids:
+        - pocket-id
+      sign:
+        certificate: "{{ .Env.MACOS_SIGN_P12 }}"
+        password: "{{ .Env.MACOS_SIGN_PASSWORD }}"
+      notarize:
+        issuer_id: "{{ .Env.MACOS_NOTARY_ISSUER_ID }}"
+        key_id: "{{ .Env.MACOS_NOTARY_KEY_ID }}"
+        key: "{{ .Env.MACOS_NOTARY_KEY }}"
+        wait: true
+        timeout: 20m
+
+changelog:
+  disable: true
+
+announce:
+  discord:
+    enabled: true
+    message_template: "Pocket ID version {{ .Tag }} has been released! Checkout the changelog at {{ .ReleaseURL }}"
+    author: "GitHub Actions"
+    # Color code of the embed. You have to use decimal numeral system, not hexadecimal.
+    # color: "9320959"
+    icon_url: "https://github.githubassets.com/images/modules/logos_page/GitHub-Mark.png"
+
+release:
+  github:
+    owner: pocket-id
+    name: pocket-id
+  disable: '{{ if index .Env "SKIP_RELEASE" }}true{{ end }}'
+  draft: true
+  replace_existing_draft: false
+  use_existing_draft: true
+  replace_existing_artifacts: true
+  prerelease: auto
+  make_latest: true
+  mode: keep-existing
+  name_template: "{{ .Tag }}"

.version

@@ -1 +1 @@
-1.15.0
+2.10.0

.vscode/launch.json

@@ -5,12 +5,14 @@
       "name": "Backend",
       "type": "go",
       "request": "launch",
-      "envFile": "${workspaceFolder}/backend/cmd/.env",
+      "envFile": "${workspaceFolder}/backend/.env",
       "env": {
         "APP_ENV": "development"
       },
       "mode": "debug",
       "program": "${workspaceFolder}/backend/cmd/main.go",
+      "buildFlags": "-tags=exclude_frontend",
+      "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/backend",
     },
     {
       "name": "Frontend",

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 {
-    "go.buildTags": "e2etest",
-    "prettier.documentSelectors": ["**/*.svelte"],
-}
+  "go.buildTags": "e2etest",
+  "prettier.documentSelectors": ["**/*.svelte"]
+}

AGENTS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+# AGENTS.md
+
+Pocket ID — a passkey-only OIDC provider. Go backend serves a SvelteKit SPA (embedded in
+the binary for production). This file lists what isn't obvious from reading the code.
+
+## Layout
+
+- `backend/` — Go module (gin, GORM, [ory/fosite fork](#backend-go)). Its own toolchain, not part of the repository.
+- `frontend/` — SvelteKit 5 SPA. Builds into `backend/frontend/dist` and is embedded via `go:embed`.
+- `tests/` — Playwright end-to-end tests (drives a Dockerized full stack).
+
+## Build / test / lint
+
+```sh
+# backend/   — the exclude_frontend tag is mandatory locally; CI uses it too
+go test -tags=exclude_frontend ./...                          # unit/integration tests
+go test -tags=exclude_frontend -run TestName ./internal/...   # a single test
+golangci-lint run --build-tags=exclude_frontend               # lint (config: backend/.golangci.yml)
+
+# frontend/  (or root)
+pnpm check        # svelte-check — the ONLY frontend type gate (no unit tests exist)
+pnpm lint         # prettier --check && eslint  (note: not enforced by CI)
+pnpm format       # prettier --write — REQUIRED before opening a PR
+```
+
+End-to-end (needs Docker; **stop any local backend on `:1411` first** — see gotchas):
+
+```sh
+cd tests/setup && docker compose up -d --build   # rebuild after ANY code change, or you test stale code
+cd ../.. && pnpm test                            # = playwright test in tests/
+```
+
+## Critical gotchas
+
+- **`exclude_frontend` build tag.** `backend/frontend/` embeds `dist/` via `go:embed`. Without
+  a built frontend present, plain `go run`/`go test`/`golangci-lint` fail to compile. Always pass
+  `-tags exclude_frontend` for backend dev/test/lint. Production builds omit it to embed the SPA.
+- **Never edit generated files:** `frontend/src/lib/paraglide/**` (Paraglide i18n output) and
+  `backend/frontend/dist/**`. For i18n, only edit `frontend/messages/en.json`; other locales come
+  from Crowdin.
+- **Migrations are split by DB.** Raw SQL via golang-migrate in
+  `backend/resources/migrations/{sqlite,postgres}/` — separate files _and_ separate version
+  timelines. Add a matching up/down pair to **both**. Not GORM AutoMigrate. SQLite migrations
+  are not auto-wrapped in a transaction (`NoTxWrap`); wrap multi-statement ones manually
+  (`PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF; BEGIN; … COMMIT; PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON;`).
+
+## Backend (Go)
+
+- **Config:** global `common.EnvConfig` (caarlos0/env); any secret var supports a `*_FILE` variant.
+- **Logging:** stdlib `log/slog` only (bridged to OpenTelemetry). No zerolog/logrus in app code.
+- `go.mod` pins a **fork** of fosite (`replace github.com/ory/fosite => github.com/pocket-id/fosite`).
+
+## Frontend (SvelteKit)
+
+- **Svelte 5 runes only:** `$state`, `$derived`, `$props`, `$bindable`. No `export let`. Event
+  modifiers are gone — use `preventDefault` from `$lib/utils/event-util` (`onsubmit={preventDefault(fn)}`).
+- **Forms:** use the custom `createForm(schema, initial)` from `$lib/utils/form-util.ts` with
+  `form-input.svelte`. The vendored shadcn formsnap/superforms wrappers exist but app forms don't
+  use them — match the surrounding file. Import zod as `import { z } from 'zod/v4'`.
+
+## Coding Style Guidelines
+
+### Comments
+
+- Exactly one sentence per line
+- There is NO maximum line width: never wrap a single sentence across multiple comment lines, no matter how long that sentence is
+- A new line in a comment means a new sentence; a wrapped line does not exist
+- No trailing period on single-line comments
+- Prefer comments that explain intent, invariants, or why a branch exists
+- Avoid comments that simply restate the next line of code
+- For multi-step logic, use short section comments to separate the steps and explain why each step exists
+- Inside a function, put a one-sentence comment above each major action; the comments double as visual separators between sections and should say what the step does and why, not how
+- Favor a few well-placed section comments over a wall of code; a reader should be able to skim the comments and understand the method's flow
+
+```go
+// Wrong — one sentence wrapped across multiple lines
+// This function performs the main validation logic. It checks
+// the input against the schema and returns an error if the
+// input is invalid.
+
+// Wrong — trailing period on single-line comment
+// Validate the input.
+
+// Right — one sentence per line, each line as long as it needs to be
+// This function performs the main validation logic
+// It checks the input against the schema and returns an error if the input is invalid
+
+// Right
+// Validate the input
+
+// Right
+// Normalize the request host so callers can pass either Host or X-Forwarded-Host values
+
+// Right
+// Browsers do not accept a cookie Domain attribute set to an IP address
+// Returning an empty domain tells the caller to set a host-only cookie instead
+
+// Wrong — restates the code
+// Trim whitespace and lowercase the host
+host = strings.TrimSpace(strings.ToLower(host))
+```
+
+Section comments inside a function — one sentence per major action, describing what and why, acting as visual separators:

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,3 +1,505 @@
+## v2.10.0
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- login code null submission and login code length check ([#1512](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1512) by @James18232)
+- don't reject `offline_access`scope ([2ed7035](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/2ed703540d901eaf58427d0cf54fb0a5e68bc6a0) by @stonith404)
+- CSP error with `response_mode=form_post` ([16b5c16](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/16b5c16a664a2f1b20ad824d907294de9cb60c9e) by @stonith404)
+- various bugs in observability / OTel ([#1564](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1564) by @ItalyPaleAle)
+- restore behavior that unknown scopes get ignored ([34e9a6d](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/34e9a6d1982a3d50bb3874aff3316c3154113725) by @stonith404)
+- re-check api permissions on access token refresh ([e8cb0c8](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/e8cb0c831ca914522babce101cf8533acbf94136) by @stonith404)
+- merge requested scopes instead of replacing them ([5e2cc6f](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/5e2cc6f40e5c7139b122d8a59ca121af1fdbdceb) by @stonith404)
+- device authorization resolve resource creating device_code ([2f55b7c](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/2f55b7cbc3d601128061dbc70014e77f5b1ec211) by @stonith404)
+- add missing burst to rate limit ([f3b6ceb](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/f3b6ceb8768616fb155455cceb7a539c13c3da9f) by @stonith404)
+- disable one time access token exchange for disabled users ([c85a4e6](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/c85a4e63dabcb2c71bbf35e03482969cb07a6df8) by @stonith404)
+- /authorize endpoint crashes when list of scopes is empty ([#1575](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1575) by @ItalyPaleAle)
+- mobile layout improvements ([2910c51](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/2910c517bb7545f932c34321907299064b08bb10) by @stonith404)
+
+### Documentation
+
+- add link to API docs ([968d072](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/968d07229eeefa763fe981e5c7e4970d5640c783) by @stonith404)
+- fix wrong OpenAPI documentation ([da3677f](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/da3677f33d50c96f06ee1d8f65d9f802f67af270) by @stonith404)
+
+### Features
+
+- upgrade shadcn components ([80509c8](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/80509c83ee0ce92b416286217c11f116d5b9fe2a) by @stonith404)
+- improve error handling on authorize page ([8689ddd](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/8689ddd72b143ceac29adb63d624cc18585f580e) by @stonith404)
+- add ability to skip consent for client ([d467855](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/d4678558708542719c5d3cc48c48d3053f37800c) by @stonith404)
+- prompt admin with PKCE client support hint ([#1499](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1499) by @James18232)
+- login code input boxes ([#1545](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1545) by @James18232)
+- drop TOFU support for callback URL ([931a6c2](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/931a6c2adb39fb8cdfe18487f4206f8848b3d026) by @stonith404)
+- add OAuth APIs with scoped permissions ([#1542](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1542) by @stonith404)
+- add support for unencrypted OIDC request parameter ([25dcad7](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/25dcad757a7d7670bfd8d4d4ac209e26dc919596) by @stonith404)
+- add description field to oidc clients ([#1547](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1547) by @seanmckenzie428)
+- add tab bar navigation for crowded pages ([28a553f](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/28a553f63b85ecccaa764279af5f65ea1bf2d013) by @stonith404)
+
+### Other
+
+- close low-demand feature requests ([35987b9](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/35987b9c8d44efb08928d031ab9f1e84eda9882f) by @stonith404)
+- Bump the "all-dependencies" group with 2 updates across multiple ecosystems ([#1528](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1528) by @dependabot[bot])
+- fix locators after shadcn upgrade ([dbbe2a4](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/dbbe2a403aa6afc39e14cf559bd074c6640e3b0c) by @stonith404)
+- use fosite for OAuth 2.0 logic ([#1520](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1520) by @stonith404)
+- wrap last two migrations into transaction ([cf9a319](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/cf9a31986f521451bc9e1c2754a09ee2d141cd57) by @stonith404)
+- remove dead code ([519cda0](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/519cda0eef1083274deed9bf6c501b815986241a) by @stonith404)
+- update vulnerable dependencies ([e538ea0](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/e538ea0bf1ba4d5f70f977c7021bfa4f4543070e) by @stonith404)
+- fix flaky test ([7eaaea7](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/7eaaea717b418c167b733723eeb000073c6915fe) by @stonith404)
+- add AGENTS.md ([d0243fe](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/d0243fe396fb4ae2ec8d66ab95c80c8a283a631b) by @stonith404)
+- use goreleaser for binaries and static image builds ([#1478](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1478) by @kmendell)
+- add support for Docker Hub ([99ab38d](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/99ab38dc799d07d4d91863199b1350fb7d06e03e) by @stonith404)
+- remove static next image tag ([49305ed](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/49305ed1f98d838167703d3dc2f6e3e5786fb9fc) by @stonith404)
+- don't build unnecessary binaries for `next` image ([4b957a0](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/4b957a0106899666b55420b61d2bb12d08d82022) by @stonith404)
+- change Depot project ([cdc2374](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/cdc23744ae1cb731184828afe326fc2a1712c02f) by @stonith404)
+- don't tag `next` image with current version ([cf54786](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/cf54786cc3bfe59bd01e8d5cbb4a3ccabb7d6466) by @stonith404)
+- add exempt user to PR quality checks ([254ae88](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/254ae88cda67ecc1095b0b738630388c93d90c44) by @stonith404)
+- migrate API key functionality to single `apikey` module ([9fce987](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/9fce98710679e522233c3b7af8d3b6cd2ce5594c) by @stonith404)
+- migrate Webauthn functionality to single `webauthn` module ([58fcf7c](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/58fcf7cbe665be8d7670170097735fe8efe31c6f) by @stonith404)
+- migrate signup functionality to single `usersignup` module ([ecad31c](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/ecad31cae2dbbc51d15a7007601829c57accff75) by @stonith404)
+- make API key renewal date picker navigation date-independent ([#1560](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1560) by @ItalyPaleAle)
+- integrate Francis actor framework for background jobs, cron scheduling, and rate limiting ([#1556](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1556) by @ItalyPaleAle)
+- Bump the "all-dependencies" group with 3 updates across multiple ecosystems ([#1563](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1563) by @dependabot[bot])
+- use go-kit for sending emails ([#1565](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1565) by @ItalyPaleAle)
+- update AAGUIDs ([#1567](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1567) by @github-actions[bot])
+- move Pocket ID specific logic from Fosite into Pocket ID repo ([9a94aa0](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/9a94aa0694abda5bdd7c9380cbadc1f080a8027e) by @stonith404)
+- update Fosite version ([337fc6f](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/337fc6fd1ec53aa65275f5ad964869462664a194) by @stonith404)
+- pass transaction to `resolveResource` ([7667377](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/7667377c98c01f45dc5e959c999c60143efca1ef) by @stonith404)
+- remove redundant dtos ([fa2d08c](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/fa2d08cb6d60bc3c9d8865c36c07ef8868e8ed9e) by @stonith404)
+- rename migrations ([c72da58](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/c72da58eaf45eafff3232bcc050fd87e84ae050f) by @stonith404)
+- remove duplicate fosite config properties ([190914f](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/190914fd72481c2da7372215f369a5b96feed3f0) by @stonith404)
+- fix migration version in `database.json` ([a5f2192](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/a5f2192d67045cca63a4e0038e118986754d4184) by @stonith404)
+- fix wrong migration name ([ce7d3a7](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/ce7d3a7e1d6ab08696a149fa8805fcb99337afa9) by @stonith404)
+- run formatter ([59a6868](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/59a6868ecdb017354d4dfd8d70c4ba0710f02f08) by @stonith404)
+- upgrade go version ([f62d476](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/f62d476c56d39f7f20c443eb430462e9141d31fa) by @stonith404)
+
+### Performance Improvements
+
+- include permissions in api list response ([8035a4c](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/8035a4c8d589109e767a031dae3c473ea3e77d75) by @stonith404)
+
+**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/compare/v2.9.0...v2.10.0
+
+## v2.9.0
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- issues with loading new font ([#1496](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1496) by @MelvinSnijders)
+- PAR parameters not respected by authorize page ([3d9d4de](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/3d9d4de61940747c64f4a5a4ba24010be2a2fbb6) by @stonith404)
+- add responsive css for api/user/group/client page add buttons ([#1508](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1508) by @James18232)
+- load Gloock font from static path instead of inline ([89b4abb](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/89b4abb8b5cc71b62f458f966f2778259b167838) by @stonith404)
+- update terminology from public key code exchange to proof key co… ([#1515](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1515) by @maxwassiljew)
+- callback URL validation not validated if prompt=none ([8a75774](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/8a7577497131229badb35cb4b3a4227b1300afff) by @stonith404)
+- passkey card not rounded ([84678c3](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/84678c3a7bfa1f601261943f03aa935626fe54a2) by @stonith404)
+
+### Documentation
+
+- add AI Usage Policy to CONTRIBUTING.md ([fea933b](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/fea933b62d6a2899bf1e46fc75dab8b6bca81a0f) by @stonith404)
+- add PR template ([bf9f76b](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/bf9f76bbd5b8d49dabda74f1c3de5120ea5db698) by @stonith404)
+- add "needs more upvotes" label as default ([fc42f62](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/fc42f6211d410ea8db75018292df8f311078a7fe) by @stonith404)
+- fix link to watchtower repo ([#1500](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1500) by @wollew)
+
+### Features
+
+- add support for Pushed Authorization Requests (RFC9126) ([#1404](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1404) by @Zenithar)
+
+### Other
+
+- fix linter issues ([4f97cd4](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/4f97cd4188b6028e955c8dc62e122ec409b32db3) by @stonith404)
+- update AAGUIDs ([#1511](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1511) by @github-actions[bot])
+- run svelte check and unit tests in breaking branches ([83b45f6](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/83b45f682dc89b2019b1812157157f431dfd3ad7) by @stonith404)
+- run formatter ([2726ddd](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/2726ddd0c23ab6ae22f307bf8d377fdfd73e1c14) by @stonith404)
+- bump vite from 8.0.13 to 8.0.16 ([#1521](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1521) by @dependabot[bot])
+- npm dependabot not run from root ([c0d96a0](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/c0d96a0b1349d7dd0dec65c78dcdc2e043713ff8) by @stonith404)
+- fix wrong assertion ([effd2a1](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/effd2a146f9b85d8bf1df203b4970aafc7ae24f8) by @stonith404)
+- Bump the "all-dependencies" group with 4 updates across multiple ecosystems ([#1523](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1523) by @dependabot[bot])
+
+**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/compare/v2.8.0...v2.9.0
+
+## v2.8.0
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- delete refresh tokens on end-session to prevent reuse after logout ([#1458](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1458) by @wucm667)
+- return 404 status code for `.well-known` routes if not found ([714b5b3](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/714b5b3307bb012b94e66e8dcb1de93a2d62eceb) by @stonith404)
+- add `email_verified` to reserved claims list ([8b22fca](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/8b22fcaaa475984bb4c42306487035073d7c47e3) by @stonith404)
+- reject unknown PKCE code challenge methods ([ce6bdb9](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/ce6bdb9d7e6c0f1eaaa21ddb6d808e41088a38b8) by @stonith404)
+- make stream of downloaded logos seekable for S3 checksum calculation ([cc9163f](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/cc9163f577280d7c278dc744e20d0505dbe83ede) by @stonith404)
+- scope confirmation wasn't shown if account selection was prompted ([272d147](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/272d1479bd64b4a068bfe4dfa5ba4cd3c5e90505) by @stonith404)
+- add support for unix socket mode in healthcheck ([a712196](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/a71219637af1746e9faba5274b6095da676ec555) by @stonith404)
+- restore cross-platform binary builds ([7027296](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/7027296632ab82cd9930f2fbe60054c2421688c4) by @stonith404)
+
+### Documentation
+
+- update SECURITY.md ([bb5a111](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/bb5a111e3d51ad56fc074df7083022e3d4e25369) by @stonith404)
+
+### Features
+
+- delete OAuth refresh token on RP initiated logout ([#1480](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1480) by @stonith404)
+- remove EXIF/XMP metadata from uploaded images ([#1477](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1477) by @stonith404)
+- add support for `response_mode=fragment` ([0c95b7c](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/0c95b7c3cc171ed77b51f236009b5ff659da0bec) by @stonith404)
+- add support for systemd socket activation ([#1479](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1479) by @deviant)
+- improve design trough the whole application ([b3d40a4](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/b3d40a476b35cfa2451749e9a3d307b7babaeb6b) by @stonith404)
+
+### Other
+
+- update AAGUIDs ([#1476](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1476) by @github-actions[bot])
+- upgrade dependencies ([91c2ea2](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/91c2ea2a6616a500922365d1789f1fa1ba66c112) by @stonith404)
+- remove deprecated http2 package ([e56dc12](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/e56dc124cee4d3c176c89e7d574ddfde089bcbd1) by @stonith404)
+- apply go 1.26.0 syntax updated ([8ad95b8](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/8ad95b8af17ba8cbb62168ed0bb54c87e3df379c) by @stonith404)
+- delete refresh tokens on end-session to prevent reuse after logout ([b27a52a](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/b27a52a5915228383dbdbf0a2c353452cd351d0f) by @stonith404)
+- use dependabot for automatic dependency upgrades ([b9fdd53](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/b9fdd530c0f370f2fccb6251d700aa6f9bdf4124) by @stonith404)
+- fix invalid schema ([e8c398f](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/e8c398ffbd6545f76c983f01556bb3b73d40a728) by @stonith404)
+- update AAGUIDs ([#1487](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1487) by @github-actions[bot])
+- use custom Playwright route for callback URL checks ([f134247](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/f13424720b7f5da3978988f0f9169cf303971a13) by @stonith404)
+- fix linter issues ([bc4f75c](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/bc4f75c44f12a71380042ad4c140d41f4dddc7dd) by @stonith404)
+- don't compare hashes of profile pictures ([9ad2bfc](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/9ad2bfc7b30e0eb2d7ae1406874b8caba5a1f121) by @stonith404)
+- run formatter ([0616aba](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/0616abaf7f079d0a35543258e13aa5b4acb4adc0) by @stonith404)
+- use fixed minor version of Go ([e046a03](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/e046a03364f00001f8699aaa7e902b33c2661118) by @stonith404)
+
+**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/compare/v2.7.0...v2.8.0
+
+## v2.7.0
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- add `_FILE` support for `S3_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY_FILE` env var ([#1452](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1452) by @ItalyPaleAle)
+- invalidate cache when changing image ([#1462](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1462) by @GameTec-live)
+- fall back to Basic auth when PKCE puts client_id in body ([#1466](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1466) by @mgabor3141)
+
+### Documentation
+
+- add missing /api prefix to app config swagger routes ([#1454](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1454) by @aclerici38)
+
+### Features
+
+- add support for response_mode=form_post ([#1360](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1360) by @Johnwulp)
+- add support for "select_account" prompt ([#1453](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1453) by @ItalyPaleAle)
+
+### Other
+
+- add script to update deps ([f9f93f0](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/f9f93f0ef164426d4d4cfb58fcf59ce30b686130) by @stonith404)
+- upgrade dependencies ([20df033](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/20df033c1fc3d737927447206b4f5e65d3ab4a40) by @stonith404)
+- post dependency upgrade fixes ([e33a9b8](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/e33a9b8c888988f7b2e6c500e72d53b57db01f34) by @stonith404)
+- migrate github actions runners to depot  runners ([#1329](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1329) by @kmendell)
+- fix caching of ldap-cli e2e tests docker build ([#1457](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1457) by @kmendell)
+- fix incorrect container name variable ([5c7e5f6](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/5c7e5f680bb70d3056b11f1a33669cc4bd9a1e17) by @kmendell)
+
+**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/compare/v2.6.2...v2.7.0
+
+## v2.6.2
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- return correct byte count in HEAD request writer ([#1443](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1443) by @ahampal)
+- improve keyboard navigation and screen-reader labels ([#1445](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1445) by @bjoernch)
+
+### Other
+
+- upgrade to vite 8.0 and pnpm 10.33.0 ([#1446](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1446) by @kmendell)
+
+**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/compare/v2.6.1...v2.6.2
+
+## v2.6.1
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- restore login screen background from not showing up ([975d3c7](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/975d3c79c6a882291c69b31d25bfcd8b7896528c) by @kmendell)
+
+### Other
+
+- ignore webauthn type for swagger generation ([ce4b89d](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/ce4b89da650f025747fd0dd45eab5cebe29f5a93) by @kmendell)
+- update golangci-lint ([#1440](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1440) by @ItalyPaleAle)
+- Add catalan language ([#1436](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1436) by @mcasellas)
+
+**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/compare/v2.6.0...v2.6.1
+
+## v2.6.0
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- disable callback URLs with protocols "javascript" and "data" ([#1397](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1397) by @ItalyPaleAle)
+- strip Root prefix from S3 List() returned paths ([#1413](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1413) by @vtmocanu)
+- use valid Tailwind v4 transition class for auth animation squares ([#1415](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1415) by @CoolShades)
+- resolve posixGroup memberUid as bare usernames ([#1422](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1422) by @gucong3000)
+- prevent flickering if no background image is set on login page ([027e6f0](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/027e6f078da0eec712ae22a04b37c86110cb262b) by @stonith404)
+- improve form input layout if description next to it is multi col ([9ec4683](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/9ec4683d18036ba1945bffd4bce14ec4c2dff7f9) by @stonith404)
+- access token renewal bypasses important checks ([978ac87](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/978ac87deffec58beaccd15aead975e91b94c8a5) by @stonith404)
+
+### Features
+
+- add ability to revoke passkeys of users as admin ([#1386](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1386) by @jose-d)
+- add auth method claim (`amr`) to tokens ([#1433](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1433) by @stonith404)
+- add TLS support for HTTP/2 server ([#1429](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1429) by @IngmarStein)
+- add OpenID Connect `prompt` Parameter Handling ([#1299](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1299) by @rjaakke)
+- return not found. on `/setup` if already completed ([444f7ff](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/444f7ff2b0269c12f1dba334a37d7db2007e172f) by @stonith404)
+
+### Other
+
+- update AAGUIDs ([#1403](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1403) by @github-actions[bot])
+- upgrade dependencies ([f8f7222](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/f8f7222468dad90f630ae18f7c3fd78e37ba3f77) by @stonith404)
+- combobox not closed in e2e test ([fbdb93f](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/fbdb93f1a768a05e6e3f2c6fd32b5de50a745bc6) by @stonith404)
+- Security upgrade alpine from latest to 3.23.4 ([#1431](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1431) by @stonith404)
+- security upgrade alpine from latest to 3.23.4 ([#1432](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1432) by @stonith404)
+- add Catalan language files ([4f09de2](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/4f09de2cfc7d1e92632116821493a670fc7ee80d) by @stonith404)
+- reduce complexity of `ValidateEnvConfig` and `initRouter` ([a0cb574](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/a0cb57431372c2bcc59904342597845e92a42a93) by @stonith404)
+- pass context to `shutdownServer` ([ff26c42](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/ff26c4273a061b7d2c84e7b74f1e0f9e0acc6eb0) by @stonith404)
+
+**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/compare/v2.5.0...v2.6.0
+
+## v2.5.0
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- better error messages when there's another instance of Pocket ID running ([#1370](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1370) by @ItalyPaleAle)
+- move tooltip inside of form input to prevent shifting ([#1369](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1369) by @GameTec-live)
+- derive LDAP admin access from group membership ([#1374](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1374) by @kmendell)
+- avoid fmt.Sprintf on custom GeoLiteDBUrl without %s placeholder ([#1384](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1384) by @choyri)
+- show a warning when SQLite DB is stored on NFS/SMB/FUSE ([#1381](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1381) by @ItalyPaleAle)
+- empty background restore after reboot ([#1379](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1379) by @taoso)
+- allow one-char username on signup ([#1378](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1378) by @taoso)
+
+### Features
+
+- allow use of svg, png, and ico images types for favicon ([#1289](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1289) by @taoso)
+- allow clearing background image ([#1290](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1290) by @taoso)
+- add `token_endpoint_auth_methods_supported` to `.well-known` ([#1388](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1388) by @owenvoke)
+- add TRUSTED_PLATFORM environment variable for gin ([#1372](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1372) by @choyri)
+
+### Other
+
+- add pr quality action ([e3905cf](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/e3905cf3159fe0370778b0d7d3be64b4246d19be) by @stonith404)
+- separate querying LDAP and updating DB during sync ([#1371](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1371) by @ItalyPaleAle)
+- bump google.golang.org/grpc from 1.79.1 to 1.79.3 in /backend in the go_modules group across 1 directory ([#1391](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1391) by @dependabot[bot])
+- Improve Latvian translations in lv.json ([#1382](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1382) by @Raito00)
+- ignore linter on app image bootstrap ([5251cd9](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/5251cd97994177c96cb6f9ab3f88ca31367b5b55) by @kmendell)
+- upgrade dependencies ([e7e0176](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/e7e0176316857186b9683e2f0cb0686189f86cfb) by @kmendell)
+- upgrade dependencies ([3c42a71](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/3c42a713ce91b4061ffcf86d92cbb19294359ff8) by @kmendell)
+
+**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/compare/v2.4.0...v2.5.0
+
+## v2.4.0
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- improve wildcard matching by using `go-urlpattern` ([#1332](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1332) by @stonith404)
+- federated client credentials not working if sub ≠ client_id ([#1342](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1342) by @ItalyPaleAle)
+- handle IPv6 addresses in callback URLs ([#1355](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1355) by @ItalyPaleAle)
+- wildcard callback URLs blocked by browser-native URL validation ([#1359](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1359) by @Copilot)
+- one-time-access-token route should get user ID from URL only ([#1358](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1358) by @ItalyPaleAle)
+- various fixes in background jobs ([#1362](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1362) by @ItalyPaleAle)
+- use URL keyboard type for callback URL inputs ([a675d07](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/a675d075d1ab9b7ff8160f1cfc35bc0ea1f1980a) by @stonith404)
+
+### Features
+
+- allow first name and display name to be optional ([#1288](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1288) by @taoso)
+
+### Other
+
+- bump svelte from 5.53.2 to 5.53.5 in the npm_and_yarn group across 1 directory ([#1348](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1348) by @dependabot[bot])
+- bump @sveltejs/kit from 2.53.0 to 2.53.3 in the npm_and_yarn group across 1 directory ([#1349](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1349) by @dependabot[bot])
+- update AAGUIDs ([#1354](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1354) by @github-actions[bot])
+- add Português files ([01141b8](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/01141b8c0f2e96a40fd876d3206e49a694fd12c4) by @kmendell)
+- add Latvian files ([e0fc4cc](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/e0fc4cc01bd51e5a97e46aad78a493a668049220) by @kmendell)
+- fix wrong seed data ([e7bd66d](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/e7bd66d1a77c89dde542b4385ba01dc0d432e434) by @stonith404)
+- fix wrong seed data in `database.json` ([f4eb8db](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/f4eb8db50993edacd90e919b39a5c6d9dd4924c7) by @stonith404)
+
+### Performance Improvements
+
+- frontend performance optimizations ([#1344](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1344) by @ItalyPaleAle)
+
+**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/compare/v2.3.0...v2.4.0
+
+## v2.3.0
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- ENCRYPTION_KEY needed for version and help commands ([#1256](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1256) by @kmendell)
+- prevent deletion of OIDC provider logo for non admin/anonymous users ([#1267](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1267) by @HiMoritz)
+- add `type="url"` to url inputs ([bb7b0d5](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/bb7b0d56084df49b6a003cc3eaf076884e2cbf60) by @stonith404)
+- increase rate limit for frontend and api requests ([aab7e36](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/aab7e364e85f1ce13950da93cc50324328cdd96d) by @stonith404)
+- decode URL-encoded client ID and secret in Basic auth ([#1263](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1263) by @ypomortsev)
+- token endpoint must not accept params as query string args ([#1321](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1321) by @ItalyPaleAle)
+- left align input error messages ([b3fe143](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/b3fe14313684f9d8c389ed93ea8e479e3681b5c6) by @stonith404)
+- disallow API key renewal and creation with API key authentication ([#1334](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1334) by @stonith404)
+
+### Features
+
+- add VERSION_CHECK_DISABLED environment variable ([#1254](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1254) by @dihmandrake)
+- add support for HTTP/2 ([56afebc](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/56afebc242be7ed14b58185425d6445bf18f640a) by @stonith404)
+- manageability of uncompressed geolite db file ([#1234](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1234) by @gucheen)
+- add JWT ID for generated tokens ([#1322](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1322) by @imnotjames)
+- current version api endpoint ([#1310](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1310) by @kmendell)
+
+### Other
+
+- bump @sveltejs/kit from 2.49.2 to 2.49.5 in the npm_and_yarn group across 1 directory ([#1240](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1240) by @dependabot[bot])
+- bump svelte from 5.46.1 to 5.46.4 in the npm_and_yarn group across 1 directory ([#1242](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1242) by @dependabot[bot])
+- bump devalue to 5.6.2 ([9dbc02e](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/9dbc02e56871b2de6a39c443e1455efc26a949f7) by @kmendell)
+- upgrade deps ([4811625](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/4811625cdd64b47ea67b7a9b03396e455896ccd6) by @kmendell)
+- add Estonian files ([53ef61a](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/53ef61a3e5c4b77edec49d41ab94302bfec84269) by @kmendell)
+- update AAGUIDs ([#1257](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1257) by @github-actions[bot])
+- add Norwegian language files ([80558c5](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/80558c562533e7b4d658d5baa4221d8cd209b47d) by @stonith404)
+- run formatter ([60825c5](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/60825c5743b0e233ab622fd4d0ea04eb7ab59529) by @kmendell)
+- bump axios from 1.13.2 to 1.13.5 in the npm_and_yarn group across 1 directory ([#1309](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1309) by @dependabot[bot])
+- update dependenicies ([94a4897](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/94a48977ba24e099b6221838d620c365eb1d4bf4) by @kmendell)
+- update AAGUIDs ([#1316](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1316) by @github-actions[bot])
+- bump svelte from 5.46.4 to 5.51.5 in the npm_and_yarn group across 1 directory ([#1324](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1324) by @dependabot[bot])
+- bump @sveltejs/kit from 2.49.5 to 2.52.2 in the npm_and_yarn group across 1 directory ([#1327](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1327) by @dependabot[bot])
+- upgrade dependencies ([0678699](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/0678699d0cce5448c425b2c16bedab5fc242cbf0) by @stonith404)
+- upgrade to node 24 and go 1.26.0 ([#1328](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1328) by @kmendell)
+
+**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/compare/v2.2.0...v2.3.0
+
+## v2.2.0
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- allow changing "require email address" if no SMTP credentials present ([8c68b08](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/8c68b08c12ba371deda61662e3d048d63d07c56f) by @stonith404)
+- data import from sqlite to postgres fails because of wrong datatype ([1a032a8](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/1a032a812ef78b250a898d14bec73a8ef7a7859a) by @stonith404)
+- user can't update account if email is empty ([5828fa5](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/5828fa57791314594625d52475733dce23cc2fcc) by @stonith404)
+- login codes sent by an admin incorrectly requires a device token ([03f9be0](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/03f9be0d125732e02a8e2c5390d9e6d0c74ce957) by @stonith404)
+- allow exchanging logic code if already authenticated ([0e2cdc3](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/0e2cdc393e34276bb3b8ea318cdc7261de3f2dec) by @stonith404)
+- db version downgrades don't downgrade db schema ([4df4bcb](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/4df4bcb6451b4bf88093e04f3222c8737f2c7be3) by @stonith404)
+- use user specific email verified claim instead of global one ([2a11c3e](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/2a11c3e60942d45c2e5b422d99945bce65a622a2) by @stonith404)
+
+### Features
+
+- add CLI command for encryption key rotation ([#1209](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1209) by @stonith404)
+- improve passkey error messages ([2f25861](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/2f25861d15aefa868042e70d3e21b7b38a6ae679) by @stonith404)
+- make home page URL configurable ([#1215](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1215) by @stonith404)
+- add option to renew API key ([#1214](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1214) by @stonith404)
+- add support for email verification ([#1223](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1223) by @stonith404)
+- add environment variable to disable built-in rate limiting ([9ca3d33](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/9ca3d33c8897cf49a871783058205bb180529cd2) by @stonith404)
+- add static api key env variable ([#1229](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1229) by @stonith404)
+
+**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/compare/v2.1.0...v2.2.0
+
+## v2.1.0
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- invalid cookie name for email login code device token ([d6a7b50](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/d6a7b503ff4571b1291a55a569add3374f5e2d5b) by @stonith404)
+
+### Features
+
+- add issuer url to oidc client details list ([#1197](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1197) by @kmendell)
+- process nonce within device authorization flow ([#1185](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1185) by @justincmoy)
+
+### Other
+
+- run SCIM jobs in context of gocron instead of custom implementation ([4881130](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/4881130eadcef0642f8a87650b7c36fda453b51b) by @stonith404)
+
+**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/compare/v2.0.2...v2.1.0
+
+## v2.0.2
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- migration fails if users exist with no email address ([2f651ad](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/2f651adf3b4e8d689461da2083c3afcb1eb1d477) by @stonith404)
+- allow version downgrade database is dirty ([ba00f40](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/ba00f40bd4b06f31d251599fcb1db63e902a6987) by @stonith404)
+- localhost callback URLs with port don't match correctly ([7c34501](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/7c345010556f11a593948b2a1ae558b7a8003696) by @stonith404)
+
+### Other
+
+- add no-op migration to postgres ([a24b2af](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/a24b2afb7b8165bed05976058a8ae797adc245df) by @stonith404)
+
+**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/compare/v2.0.1...v2.0.2
+
+## v2.0.1
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- admins imported from LDAP lose admin privileges ([2cce200](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/2cce2008928081b5e0f0e6bcbc3f43816f082de9) by @stonith404)
+- restore old input input field size ([2341da9](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/2341da99e9716686cf28dd0680d751ae9da0fadc) by @stonith404)
+
+### Other
+
+- bump image tag to `v2` ([cd2e9f3](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/cd2e9f3a2ad753815ef8da998f9b54853d953a2a) by @stonith404)
+
+**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/compare/v2.0.0...v2.0.1
+
+## v2.0.0
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- update image format message to include WEBP ([#1133](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1133) by @sebdanielsson)
+- add Japanese locale to inlang settings ([#1142](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1142) by @tai-ga)
+- restrict email one time sign in token to same browser ([#1144](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1144) by @stonith404)
+- rename `LDAP_ATTRIBUTE_ADMIN_GROUP` env variable to `LDAP_ADMIN_GROUP_NAME` ([e1c5021](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/e1c5021eeedcbc54bad0eccd72d7ae760be61934) by @stonith404)
+- make wildcard matching in callback URLs more stricter ([078152d](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/078152d4dbb05dd027ff323f39d090ecb67927c7) by @stonith404)
+- remove ambiguous characters from login code ([d9e7bf9](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/d9e7bf9eef522d8c081fac2000bace6f95518039) by @stonith404)
+- add missing translations to date picker ([894eaf3](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/894eaf3cffdd9182b9c29e28b4dcb7e8bcbda26b) by @stonith404)
+
+### Features
+
+- add HTTP `HEAD` method support ([#1135](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1135) by @stonith404)
+- add email logo customization ([#1150](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1150) by @MelvinSnijders)
+- add ability define user groups for sign up tokens ([#1155](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1155) by @stonith404)
+- minor redesign of auth pages ([08e4ffe](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/08e4ffeb600a4a6644d91b1600b0205997ed1685) by @stonith404)
+- allow audit log retention to be controlled by env variable ([#1158](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1158) by @jenic)
+- restrict oidc clients by user groups per default ([#1164](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1164) by @stonith404)
+- add "restricted" column to oidc client table ([1bc9f5f](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/1bc9f5f7e780310d81608381544ba530df7f433b) by @stonith404)
+- drop support for storing JWK on the filesystem ([f014458](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/f0144584af90b918a3157a298f1bb95928a117b8) by @stonith404)
+- add CLI command for importing and exporting Pocket ID data ([3420a00](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/3420a000737d89a5c3c6c250d171d96126553beb) by @stonith404)
+- remove DbProvider env variable and calculate it dynamically ([ba2f0f1](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/ba2f0f18f4bacc5a86217dec0b0dcb6030c40cb9) by @kmendell)
+- add support for SCIM provisioning ([#1182](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1182) by @stonith404)
+
+### Other
+
+- update AAGUIDs ([#1128](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1128) by @github-actions[bot])
+- fix api key e2e test ([25f67bd](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/25f67bd25a0ee0cab48d72107722e8c8428fa547) by @stonith404)
+- update AAGUIDs ([#1140](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1140) by @github-actions[bot])
+- upgrade dependencies ([90f555f](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/90f555f7c12ff07545f7cd1a1754a8c19f5a4978) by @stonith404)
+- fix type error after version bump ([edb32d8](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/edb32d82b2c138433d8eb17d5a6a19f4728ae2d4) by @stonith404)
+- remove `breaking/**` push trigger from actions ([461293b](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/461293ba1da4ddbff2c77f23a42487b63964e474) by @stonith404)
+- update AAGUIDs ([#1177](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1177) by @github-actions[bot])
+- preparation for merge into main branch ([#1113](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1113) by @stonith404)
+- bump pnpm to version 10.27.0 ([#1183](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1183) by @kmendell)
+- update forms and other areas to use new shadcn components ([#1115](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1115) by @kmendell)
+- run formatter ([e4a8ca4](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/e4a8ca476cc3c7e8d8cdc8de21b5d7d99d07f7a0) by @stonith404)
+- upgrade dependencies ([4776b70](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/4776b70d96f3dc291394dc79c941738bbe48199a) by @stonith404)
+- change translation string in e2e tests ([ffb2ef9](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/ffb2ef91bd7bbe78eb29e86cd3675b695e821498) by @stonith404)
+
+**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/compare/v1.16.0...v2.0.0
+
+## v1.16.0
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- use `quoted-printable` encoding for mails to prevent line limitation ([5cf73e9](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/5cf73e9309640d097ba94d97851cf502b7b2e063) by @stonith404)
+- automatically create parent directory of Sqlite db ([cfc9e46](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/cfc9e464d983b051e7ed4da1620fae61dc73cff2) by @stonith404)
+- global audit log user filter not working ([d98c0a3](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/d98c0a391a747f9eea70ea01c3f984264a4a7a19) by @stonith404)
+- theme mode not correctly applied if selected manually ([a1cd325](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/a1cd3251cd2b7d7aca610696ef338c5d01fdce2e) by @stonith404)
+- hide theme switcher on auth pages because of dynamic background ([5d6a7fd](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/5d6a7fdb58b6b82894dcb9be3b9fe6ca3e53f5fa) by @stonith404)
+
+### Documentation
+
+- add `ENCRYPTION_KEY` to `.env.example` for breaking change preparation ([4eeb06f](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/4eeb06f29d984164939bf66299075efead87ee19) by @stonith404)
+
+### Features
+
+- light/dark/system mode switcher ([#1081](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1081) by @kmendell)
+- add support for S3 storage backend ([#1080](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1080) by @stonith404)
+- add support for WEBP profile pictures ([#1090](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1090) by @stonith404)
+- add database storage backend ([#1091](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1091) by @ItalyPaleAle)
+- adding/removing passkeys creates an entry in audit logs ([#1099](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1099) by @ItalyPaleAle)
+- add option to disable S3 integrity check ([a3c9687](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/a3c968758a17e95b2e55ae179d6601d8ec2cf052) by @stonith404)
+- add `Cache-Control: private, no-store` to all API routes per default ([#1126](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1126) by @stonith404)
+
+### Other
+
+- update pnpm to 10.20 ([#1082](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1082) by @kmendell)
+- run checks on PR to `breaking/**` branches ([ab9c0f9](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/ab9c0f9ac092725c70ec3a963f57bc739f425d4f) by @stonith404)
+- use constants for AppEnv values ([#1098](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1098) by @ItalyPaleAle)
+- bump golang.org/x/crypto from 0.43.0 to 0.45.0 in /backend in the go_modules group across 1 directory ([#1107](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1107) by @dependabot[bot])
+- add Finish files ([ca888b3](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/ca888b3dd221a209df5e7beb749156f7ea21e1c0) by @stonith404)
+- upgrade dependencies ([4bde271](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/4bde271b4715f59bd2ed1f7c18a867daf0f26b8b) by @stonith404)
+- fix Dutch validation message ([f523f39](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/f523f39483a06256892d17dc02528ea009c87a9f) by @stonith404)
+- fix package vulnerabilities ([3d46bad](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/3d46badb3cecc1ee8eb8bfc9b377108be32d4ffc) by @stonith404)
+- update vscode launch.json ([#1117](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/1117) by @mnestor)
+- rename file backend value `fs` to `filesystem` ([8d30346](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/8d30346f642b483653f7a3dec006cb0273927afb) by @stonith404)
+- fix wrong storage value ([b2c718d](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/b2c718d13d12b6c152e19974d3490c2ed7f5d51d) by @stonith404)
+- run formatter ([14c7471](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/14c7471b5272cdaf42751701d842348d0d60cd0e) by @stonith404)
+
+**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/compare/v1.15.0...v1.16.0
+
 ## v1.15.0
 
 ### Bug Fixes

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,12 +1,35 @@
 # Contributing
 
-I am happy that you want to contribute to Pocket ID and help to make it better! All contributions are welcome, including issues, suggestions, pull requests and more.
+We are happy that you want to contribute to Pocket ID and help to make it better!
+
+## Before you start
+
+Before starting to work on a new feature, please open an issue first, or comment on an existing one, to discuss the implementation details. This saves you time and avoids the disappointment of having a PR closed later because the change doesn't fit the project's direction.
+
+### AI Usage Policy
+
+We have nothing against using AI tools to assist your development. But we've seen a growing number of pull requests that appear to be fully or largely AI-generated and submitted without genuine human review. These are difficult and time-consuming for maintainers to review, and they often waste everyone's time.
+
+To keep contributions reviewable and high-quality, please follow these guidelines when using AI tools.
+
+#### Guidelines for Using AI Tools
+
+1. **Understand every line.** You must be able to explain what your code does and why, in your own words. "The AI wrote it" is not an acceptable answer to a reviewer's question.
+2. **Test before submitting.** Review and test all code manually, as a human, before opening a PR. Don't trust the AI's claim that it works.
+3. **Write your own words.** Don't paste AI-generated text into issues, comments, or PR descriptions. Walls of generated text make discussions harder, not easier.
+4. **Disclose your usage.** Note in the PR description how you used AI (see below).
+
+PRs that appear to be low effort AI output may be closed without a detailed review.
+
+#### Example disclosure
+
+> Used GitHub Copilot for autocomplete, and asked an LLM to help draft the test cases in `parser_test.go`. I reviewed, edited, and tested everything myself and understand how it works.
+
+> Used an LLM to generate the initial implementation of the new API endpoint, but I manually reviewed and tested it before submitting.
 
 ## Getting started
 
-You've found a bug, have suggestion or something else, just create an issue on GitHub and we can get in touch.
-
-## Submit a Pull Request
+### Submit a Pull Request
 
 Before you submit the pull request for review please ensure that
 
@@ -21,7 +44,6 @@ Before you submit the pull request for review please ensure that
   ```
 
   Where `TYPE` can be:
-
   - **feat** - is a new feature
   - **doc** - documentation only changes
   - **fix** - a bug fix
@@ -30,15 +52,15 @@ Before you submit the pull request for review please ensure that
 - Your pull request has a detailed description
 - You run `pnpm format` to format the code
 
-## Development Environment
+### Development Environment
 
 Pocket ID consists of a frontend and backend. In production the frontend gets statically served by the backend, but in development they run as separate processes to enable hot reloading.
 
 There are two ways to get the development environment setup:
 
-### 1. Install required tools
+#### 1. Install required tools
 
-#### With Dev Containers
+##### With Dev Containers
 
 If you use [Dev Containers](https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/remote/containers) in VS Code, you don't need to install anything manually, just follow the steps below.
 
@@ -47,17 +69,17 @@ If you use [Dev Containers](https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/remote/containers
 3. VS Code will detect .devcontainer and will prompt you to open the folder in devcontainer
 4. If the auto prompt does not work, hit `F1` and select `Dev Containers: Open Folder in Container.`, then select the pocket-id repo root folder and it'll open in container.
 
-#### Without Dev Containers
+##### Without Dev Containers
 
 If you don't use Dev Containers, you need to install the following tools manually:
 
-- [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/download/) >= 22
-- [Go](https://golang.org/doc/install) >= 1.25
+- [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/download/) >= 24
+- [Go](https://golang.org/doc/install) >= 1.26
 - [Git](https://git-scm.com/downloads)
 
-### 2. Setup
+#### 2. Setup
 
-#### Backend
+##### Backend
 
 The backend is built with [Gin](https://gin-gonic.com) and written in Go. To set it up, follow these steps:
 
@@ -65,7 +87,7 @@ The backend is built with [Gin](https://gin-gonic.com) and written in Go. To set
 2. Copy the `.env.development-example` file to `.env` and edit the variables as needed
 3. Start the backend with `go run -tags exclude_frontend ./cmd`
 
-### Frontend
+##### Frontend
 
 The frontend is built with [SvelteKit](https://kit.svelte.dev) and written in TypeScript. To set it up, follow these steps:
 
@@ -78,9 +100,13 @@ You're all set! The application is now listening on `localhost:3000`. The backen
 
 ### Testing
 
+If you are contributing to a new feature please ensure that you add tests for it.
+
+#### End-to-end tests
+
 We are using [Playwright](https://playwright.dev) for end-to-end testing.
 
-If you are contributing to a new feature please ensure that you add tests for it. The tests are located in the `tests` folder at the root of the project.
+The tests are located in the `tests` folder at the root of the project.
 
 The tests can be run like this:
 
@@ -94,3 +120,9 @@ The tests can be run like this:
 5. Run the tests with `pnpm dlx playwright test` or from the root project folder `pnpm test`
 
 If you make any changes to the application, you have to rebuild the test environment by running `docker compose up -d --build` again.
+
+#### Unit tests
+
+In the backend we are using unit tests with the built-in Go testing framework. The tests are located in the same folder as the code they are testing and have the `_test.go` suffix.
+
+To run the tests, simply run `go test ./...` from the root of the `backend` folder.

README.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Pocket ID is a simple OIDC provider that allows users to authenticate with their
 
 → Try out the [Demo](https://demo.pocket-id.org)
 
-<img src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/96ac549d-b897-404a-8811-f42b16ea58e2" width="1200"/>
+<img src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/1e99ba44-76da-4b47-9b8a-dbe9b7f84512" width="1200"/>
 
 The goal of Pocket ID is to be a simple and easy-to-use. There are other self-hosted OIDC providers like [Keycloak](https://www.keycloak.org/) or [ORY Hydra](https://www.ory.sh/hydra/) but they are often too complex for simple use cases.
 

SECURITY.md

@@ -2,8 +2,11 @@
 
 ## Supported Versions
 
-As Pocket ID is in its early stages, older versions don't get security updates. Please consider to update Pocket ID regularly. Updates can be automated with e.g [Watchtower](https://github.com/containrrr/watchtower).
+It's recommended to always use the latest version of Pocket ID. We will provide security updates for the latest version.
+
+> [!NOTE]  
+> Updates can be automated with e.g [Watchtower](https://github.com/nicholas-fedor/watchtower/). Upgrading between non major versions is safe but you shouldn't upgrade between major versions before checking the release notes.
 
 ## Reporting a Vulnerability
 
-Thank you for taking the time to report a vulnerability. Please DO NOT create an issue on GitHub because the vulnerability could get exploited. Instead please write an email to [elias@eliasschneider.com](mailto:elias@eliasschneider.com).
+Thank you for taking the time to report a vulnerability. Please DO NOT create an issue on GitHub because the vulnerability could get exploited. Instead please create a Security Advisory [here](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/security/advisories/new). You can learn more about how to report a vulnerability in the [GitHub Security Advisories documentation](https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/security-advisories/creating-a-security-advisory).

backend/.env.development-example

@@ -6,4 +6,7 @@ APP_ENV=development
 # In the development environment the backend gets proxied by the frontend
 APP_URL=http://localhost:3000
 PORT=1411
-MAXMIND_LICENSE_KEY=your_license_key
+MAXMIND_LICENSE_KEY=your_license_key
+
+# Set the ENCRYPTION_KEY to a random sequence of characters, for example generated with `openssl rand -base64 32`
+ENCRYPTION_KEY=

backend/cmd/main.go

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
 	_ "time/tzdata"
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/cmds"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 )
 
 // @title Pocket ID API
@@ -11,5 +14,9 @@ import (
 // @description.markdown
 
 func main() {
+	if err := common.ValidateEnvConfig(&common.EnvConfig); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "config error: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
 	cmds.Execute()
 }

backend/frontend/frontend_excluded.go

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 
 package frontend
 
-import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+import (
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
 
 func RegisterFrontend(router *gin.Engine) error {
 	return ErrFrontendNotIncluded

backend/frontend/frontend_included.go

@@ -8,8 +8,9 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"io/fs"
+	"mime"
 	"net/http"
-	"os"
+	"path"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
@@ -58,10 +59,17 @@ func RegisterFrontend(router *gin.Engine) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create sub FS: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	cacheMaxAge := time.Hour * 24
-	fileServer := NewFileServerWithCaching(http.FS(distFS), int(cacheMaxAge.Seconds()))
+	// Load a map of all files to see which ones are available pre-compressed
+	preCompressed, err := listPreCompressedAssets(distFS)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to index pre-compressed frontend assets: %w", err)
+	}
 
-	router.NoRoute(func(c *gin.Context) {
+	// Init the file server
+	fileServer := NewFileServerWithCaching(http.FS(distFS), preCompressed)
+
+	// Handler for Gin
+	handler := func(c *gin.Context) {
 		path := strings.TrimPrefix(c.Request.URL.Path, "/")
 
 		if strings.HasSuffix(path, "/") {
@@ -69,19 +77,12 @@ func RegisterFrontend(router *gin.Engine) error {
 			return
 		}
 
-		if strings.HasPrefix(path, "api/") {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(path, "api/") || strings.HasPrefix(path, ".well-known/") {
 			c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": "API endpoint not found"})
 			return
 		}
 
-		// If path is / or does not exist, serve index.html
-		if path == "" {
-			path = "index.html"
-		} else if _, err := fs.Stat(distFS, path); os.IsNotExist(err) {
-			path = "index.html"
-		}
-
-		if path == "index.html" {
+		if isSPARequest(path, distFS) {
 			nonce := middleware.GetCSPNonce(c)
 
 			// Do not cache the HTML shell, as it embeds a per-request nonce
@@ -97,43 +98,161 @@ func RegisterFrontend(router *gin.Engine) error {
 		// Serve other static assets with caching
 		c.Request.URL.Path = "/" + path
 		fileServer.ServeHTTP(c.Writer, c.Request)
-	})
+	}
+
+	router.NoRoute(handler)
 
 	return nil
 }
 
+func isSPARequest(path string, distFS fs.FS) bool {
+	if path == "" {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	if _, err := fs.Stat(distFS, path); err != nil {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
 // FileServerWithCaching wraps http.FileServer to add caching headers
 type FileServerWithCaching struct {
 	root                    http.FileSystem
 	lastModified            time.Time
-	cacheMaxAge             int
 	lastModifiedHeaderValue string
-	cacheControlHeaderValue string
+	preCompressed           preCompressedMap
 }
 
-func NewFileServerWithCaching(root http.FileSystem, maxAge int) *FileServerWithCaching {
+func NewFileServerWithCaching(root http.FileSystem, preCompressed preCompressedMap) *FileServerWithCaching {
 	return &FileServerWithCaching{
 		root:                    root,
 		lastModified:            time.Now(),
-		cacheMaxAge:             maxAge,
 		lastModifiedHeaderValue: time.Now().UTC().Format(http.TimeFormat),
-		cacheControlHeaderValue: fmt.Sprintf("public, max-age=%d", maxAge),
+		preCompressed:           preCompressed,
 	}
 }
 
 func (f *FileServerWithCaching) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	// Check if the client has a cached version
-	if ifModifiedSince := r.Header.Get("If-Modified-Since"); ifModifiedSince != "" {
-		ifModifiedSinceTime, err := time.Parse(http.TimeFormat, ifModifiedSince)
-		if err == nil && f.lastModified.Before(ifModifiedSinceTime.Add(1*time.Second)) {
-			// Client's cached version is up to date
-			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotModified)
-			return
+	// First, set cache headers
+	// Check if the request is for an immutable asset
+	if isImmutableAsset(r) {
+		// Set the cache control header as immutable with a long expiration
+		w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "public, max-age=31536000, immutable")
+	} else {
+		// Check if the client has a cached version
+		ifModifiedSince := r.Header.Get("If-Modified-Since")
+		if ifModifiedSince != "" {
+			ifModifiedSinceTime, err := time.Parse(http.TimeFormat, ifModifiedSince)
+			if err == nil && f.lastModified.Before(ifModifiedSinceTime.Add(1*time.Second)) {
+				// Client's cached version is up to date
+				w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotModified)
+				return
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Cache other assets for up to 24 hours, but set Last-Modified too
+		w.Header().Set("Last-Modified", f.lastModifiedHeaderValue)
+		w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "public, max-age=86400")
+	}
+
+	// Check if the asset is available pre-compressed
+	_, ok := f.preCompressed[r.URL.Path]
+	if ok {
+		// Add a "Vary" with "Accept-Encoding" so CDNs are aware that content is pre-compressed
+		w.Header().Add("Vary", "Accept-Encoding")
+
+		// Select the encoding if any
+		ext, ce := f.selectEncoding(r)
+		if ext != "" {
+			// Set the content type explicitly before changing the path
+			ct := mime.TypeByExtension(path.Ext(r.URL.Path))
+			if ct != "" {
+				w.Header().Set("Content-Type", ct)
+			}
+
+			// Make the serve return the encoded content
+			w.Header().Set("Content-Encoding", ce)
+			r.URL.Path += "." + ext
 		}
 	}
 
-	w.Header().Set("Last-Modified", f.lastModifiedHeaderValue)
-	w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", f.cacheControlHeaderValue)
-
 	http.FileServer(f.root).ServeHTTP(w, r)
 }
+
+func (f *FileServerWithCaching) selectEncoding(r *http.Request) (ext string, contentEnc string) {
+	available, ok := f.preCompressed[r.URL.Path]
+	if !ok {
+		return "", ""
+	}
+
+	// Check if the client accepts compressed files
+	acceptEncoding := strings.TrimSpace(strings.ToLower(r.Header.Get("Accept-Encoding")))
+	if acceptEncoding == "" {
+		return "", ""
+	}
+
+	// Prefer brotli over gzip when both are accepted.
+	if available.br && (acceptEncoding == "*" || acceptEncoding == "br" || strings.Contains(acceptEncoding, "br")) {
+		return "br", "br"
+	}
+	if available.gz && (acceptEncoding == "gzip" || strings.Contains(acceptEncoding, "gzip")) {
+		return "gz", "gzip"
+	}
+
+	return "", ""
+}
+
+func isImmutableAsset(r *http.Request) bool {
+	switch {
+	// Fonts
+	case strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, "/fonts/"):
+		return true
+
+	// Compiled SvelteKit assets
+	case strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, "/_app/immutable/"):
+		return true
+
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+type preCompressedMap map[string]struct {
+	br bool
+	gz bool
+}
+
+func listPreCompressedAssets(distFS fs.FS) (preCompressedMap, error) {
+	preCompressed := make(preCompressedMap, 0)
+	err := fs.WalkDir(distFS, ".", func(path string, d fs.DirEntry, walkErr error) error {
+		if walkErr != nil {
+			return walkErr
+		}
+
+		if d.IsDir() {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		switch {
+		case strings.HasSuffix(path, ".br"):
+			originalPath := "/" + strings.TrimSuffix(path, ".br")
+			entry := preCompressed[originalPath]
+			entry.br = true
+			preCompressed[originalPath] = entry
+		case strings.HasSuffix(path, ".gz"):
+			originalPath := "/" + strings.TrimSuffix(path, ".gz")
+			entry := preCompressed[originalPath]
+			entry.gz = true
+			preCompressed[originalPath] = entry
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return preCompressed, nil
+}

backend/frontend/frontend_included_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//go:build !exclude_frontend
+
+package frontend
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"testing/fstest"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestIsSPARequest(t *testing.T) {
+	distFS := fstest.MapFS{
+		"assets/app.js": &fstest.MapFile{Data: []byte("console.log('test')")},
+	}
+
+	t.Run("root path is spa request", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.True(t, isSPARequest("", distFS))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("existing bundled asset is not spa request", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.False(t, isSPARequest("assets/app.js", distFS))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unknown path is spa request", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.True(t, isSPARequest("authorize", distFS))
+	})
+}

backend/go.mod

@@ -1,161 +1,251 @@
 module github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend
 
-go 1.25
+go 1.26.5
 
 require (
-	github.com/caarlos0/env/v11 v11.3.1
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.42.1
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config v1.32.25
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials v1.19.24
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3 v1.104.0
+	github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.27.3
+	github.com/caarlos0/env/v11 v11.4.1
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.3
+	github.com/coreos/go-systemd v0.0.0-20191104093116-d3cd4ed1dbcf
 	github.com/disintegration/imageorient v0.0.0-20180920195336-8147d86e83ec
 	github.com/disintegration/imaging v1.6.2
-	github.com/emersion/go-sasl v0.0.0-20241020182733-b788ff22d5a6
-	github.com/emersion/go-smtp v0.24.0
-	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.0
-	github.com/gin-contrib/slog v1.1.0
-	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.11.0
-	github.com/glebarez/go-sqlite v1.22.0
-	github.com/glebarez/sqlite v1.11.0
-	github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2 v2.17.0
-	github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3 v3.4.12
-	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.28.0
-	github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn v0.14.0
-	github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4 v4.19.0
+	github.com/dunglas/go-urlpattern v0.0.0-20241020164140-716dfa1c80b1
+	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.10.1
+	github.com/gin-contrib/slog v1.2.1
+	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.12.0
+	github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2 v2.21.2
+	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.1.4
+	github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3 v3.4.13
+	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.30.3
+	github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn v0.17.4
+	github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4 v4.19.1
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-uuid v1.0.3
+	github.com/italypaleale/francis v0.1.0-beta.6
+	github.com/italypaleale/go-kit v0.0.0-20260705144331-cc6661f9a8cf
+	github.com/italypaleale/go-sql-utils v0.2.4
+	github.com/jackc/pgx/v5 v5.10.0
 	github.com/jinzhu/copier v0.4.0
 	github.com/joho/godotenv v1.5.1
-	github.com/lestrrat-go/httprc/v3 v3.0.1
-	github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3 v3.0.12
-	github.com/lmittmann/tint v1.1.2
-	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20
+	github.com/lestrrat-go/httprc/v3 v3.0.6
+	github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3 v3.1.1
+	github.com/libtnb/sqlite v1.1.2
+	github.com/lmittmann/tint v1.1.3
+	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.22
 	github.com/mileusna/useragent v1.3.5
 	github.com/orandin/slog-gorm v1.4.0
-	github.com/oschwald/maxminddb-golang/v2 v2.0.0
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.10.1
+	github.com/ory/fosite v0.49.1-0.20250703093431-a5f0b09bf31c
+	github.com/oschwald/maxminddb-golang/v2 v2.4.0
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.10.2
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/otelslog v0.13.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/exporters/autoexport v0.63.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/github.com/gin-gonic/gin/otelgin v0.63.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.63.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.38.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.14.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.38.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.38.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.14.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.38.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.38.0
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.43.0
-	golang.org/x/image v0.32.0
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.17.0
-	golang.org/x/text v0.30.0
-	golang.org/x/time v0.14.0
+	github.com/zitadel/exifremove v0.1.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/otelslog v0.19.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/exporters/autoexport v0.69.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/github.com/gin-gonic/gin/otelgin v0.69.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.69.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.44.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.20.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.44.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.20.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.44.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.44.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.53.0
+	golang.org/x/image v0.43.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.21.0
+	golang.org/x/text v0.38.0
 	gorm.io/driver/postgres v1.6.0
-	gorm.io/gorm v1.31.0
+	gorm.io/gorm v1.31.1
+	gorm.io/plugin/opentelemetry v0.1.16
+	modernc.org/sqlite v1.53.0
 )
 
 require (
-	github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.0.0-20221128193559-754e69321358 // indirect
+	filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/ClickHouse/ch-go v0.61.5 // indirect
+	github.com/ClickHouse/clickhouse-go/v2 v2.30.0 // indirect
+	github.com/alphadose/haxmap v1.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/asaskevich/govalidator v0.0.0-20230301143203-a9d515a09cc2 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream v1.7.13 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/ec2/imds v1.18.30 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources v1.4.30 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2 v2.7.30 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/v4a v1.4.31 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/accept-encoding v1.13.13 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/checksum v1.9.22 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/presigned-url v1.13.30 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/s3shared v1.19.29 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/signin v1.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sso v1.32.0 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ssooidc v1.37.0 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts v1.44.0 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/bytedance/gopkg v0.1.3 // indirect
-	github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.14.1 // indirect
-	github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/bits-and-blooms/bitset v1.24.4 // indirect
+	github.com/bytedance/gopkg v0.1.4 // indirect
+	github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.15.1 // indirect
+	github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.5.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/cloudwego/base64x v0.1.6 // indirect
-	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4 v4.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/cloudwego/base64x v0.1.7 // indirect
+	github.com/cristalhq/jwt/v5 v5.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc // indirect
+	github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4 v4.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/dgraph-io/ristretto/v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/disintegration/gift v1.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/dsoprea/go-exif v0.0.0-20230826092837-6579e82b732d // indirect
+	github.com/dsoprea/go-exif/v2 v2.0.0-20230826092837-6579e82b732d // indirect
+	github.com/dsoprea/go-iptc v0.0.0-20200610044640-bc9ca208b413 // indirect
+	github.com/dsoprea/go-jpeg-image-structure v0.0.0-20221012074422-4f3f7e934102 // indirect
+	github.com/dsoprea/go-logging v0.0.0-20200710184922-b02d349568dd // indirect
+	github.com/dsoprea/go-photoshop-info-format v0.0.0-20200610045659-121dd752914d // indirect
+	github.com/dsoprea/go-png-image-structure v0.0.0-20210512210324-29b889a6093d // indirect
+	github.com/dsoprea/go-utility v0.0.0-20221003172846-a3e1774ef349 // indirect
+	github.com/dunglas/httpsfv v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
-	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.10 // indirect
-	github.com/gin-contrib/sse v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.2 // indirect
+	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.13 // indirect
+	github.com/gin-contrib/sse v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-asn1-ber/asn1-ber v1.5.8-0.20250403174932-29230038a667 // indirect
+	github.com/go-errors/errors v1.5.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-faster/city v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-faster/errors v0.7.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.1 // indirect
-	github.com/go-webauthn/x v0.1.25 // indirect
-	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.5 // indirect
-	github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.18.0 // indirect
-	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.9.3 // indirect
+	github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-webauthn/x v0.2.6 // indirect
+	github.com/go-xmlfmt/xmlfmt v1.1.3 // indirect
+	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.6 // indirect
+	github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.19.2 // indirect
+	github.com/gogo/googleapis v1.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
+	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/golang/geo v0.0.0-20250319145452-ed1c8b99c3d7 // indirect
 	github.com/google/go-github/v39 v39.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/google/go-querystring v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/google/go-tpm v0.9.6 // indirect
-	github.com/grafana/regexp v0.0.0-20250905093917-f7b3be9d1853 // indirect
-	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.27.3 // indirect
-	github.com/hashicorp/errwrap v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/google/go-querystring v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/google/go-tpm v0.9.8 // indirect
+	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.3 // indirect
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.29.0 // indirect
+	github.com/h2non/filetype v1.1.3 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp v0.5.2 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp v0.7.8 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-version v1.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/jackc/pgerrcode v0.0.0-20250907135507-afb5586c32a6 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20240606120523-5a60cdf6a761 // indirect
-	github.com/jackc/pgx/v5 v5.7.6 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/puddle/v2 v2.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger-idl v0.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 // indirect
 	github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.5 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/lestrrat-go/blackmagic v1.0.4 // indirect
-	github.com/lestrrat-go/dsig v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/lestrrat-go/dsig v1.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/lestrrat-go/dsig-secp256k1 v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/lestrrat-go/httpcc v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/lestrrat-go/option v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/lestrrat-go/option/v2 v2.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/lib/pq v1.10.9 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.32 // indirect
-	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/lib/pq v1.12.3 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.42 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/goveralls v0.0.12 // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/mohae/deepcopy v0.0.0-20170929034955-c48cc78d4826 // indirect
 	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
 	github.com/ncruces/go-strftime v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.4 // indirect
-	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/nlnwa/whatwg-url v0.6.2 // indirect
+	github.com/openzipkin/zipkin-go v0.4.3 // indirect
+	github.com/ory/go-acc v0.2.9-0.20230103102148-6b1c9a70dbbe // indirect
+	github.com/ory/go-convenience v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/ory/pop/v6 v6.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/ory/x v0.0.729 // indirect
+	github.com/paulmach/orb v0.11.1 // indirect
+	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/philhofer/fwd v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.21 // indirect
+	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
+	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.23.2 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.67.1 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.69.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/otlptranslator v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.18.0 // indirect
-	github.com/quic-go/qpack v0.5.1 // indirect
-	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.55.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.21.1 // indirect
+	github.com/quic-go/qpack v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.60.0 // indirect
+	github.com/quic-go/webtransport-go v0.10.0 // indirect
 	github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec // indirect
 	github.com/robfig/cron/v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/sagikazarmark/locafero v0.12.0 // indirect
+	github.com/seatgeek/logrus-gelf-formatter v0.0.0-20210414080842-5b05eb8ff761 // indirect
 	github.com/segmentio/asm v1.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/shopspring/decimal v1.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.4 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/afero v1.15.0 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/cast v1.10.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.10 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/viper v1.21.0 // indirect
+	github.com/subosito/gotenv v1.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/tinylib/msgp v1.6.4 // indirect
 	github.com/twitchyliquid64/golang-asm v0.15.1 // indirect
-	github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/valyala/fastjson v1.6.4 // indirect
+	github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/valyala/fastjson v1.6.10 // indirect
+	github.com/vmihailenco/msgpack/v5 v5.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/vmihailenco/tagparser/v2 v2.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 // indirect
+	go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2 v2.6.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.2.1 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/prometheus v0.63.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploggrpc v0.14.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploghttp v0.14.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetricgrpc v1.38.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetrichttp v1.38.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.38.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.38.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.38.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/prometheus v0.60.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.14.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.38.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace v1.38.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.8.0 // indirect
-	go.uber.org/atomic v1.11.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/prometheus v0.69.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/httptrace/otelhttptrace v0.69.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/b3 v1.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/jaeger v1.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/samplers/jaegerremote v0.37.1 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/jaeger v1.17.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploggrpc v0.20.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploghttp v0.20.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetricgrpc v1.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetrichttp v1.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/prometheus v0.66.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.20.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace v1.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/zipkin v1.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.10.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/mock v0.6.0 // indirect
-	go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.3 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/arch v0.22.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20251023183803-a4bb9ffd2546 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.29.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.46.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.32.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.37.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.38.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20251022142026-3a174f9686a8 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20251022142026-3a174f9686a8 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.76.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.10 // indirect
+	go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.4 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/arch v0.27.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20260611194520-c48552f49976 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.37.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.56.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.46.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/time v0.15.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.46.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260630182238-925bb5da69e7 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260630182238-925bb5da69e7 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.82.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11 // indirect
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
-	modernc.org/libc v1.66.10 // indirect
+	gorm.io/driver/clickhouse v0.7.0 // indirect
+	gorm.io/driver/mysql v1.5.7 // indirect
+	k8s.io/utils v0.0.0-20260617174310-a95e086a2553 // indirect
+	modernc.org/libc v1.73.5 // indirect
 	modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1 // indirect
 	modernc.org/memory v1.11.0 // indirect
-	modernc.org/sqlite v1.39.1 // indirect
 )
+
+replace github.com/ory/fosite => github.com/pocket-id/fosite v0.0.0-20260708083902-56a3c0f378d6

backend/internal/api/dto.go

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+)
+
+// apiResponseDto is the full representation of an API including its permissions
+type apiResponseDto struct {
+	ID          string                     `json:"id"`
+	Name        string                     `json:"name"`
+	Resource    string                     `json:"resource"`
+	CreatedAt   datatype.DateTime          `json:"createdAt"`
+	Permissions []apiPermissionResponseDto `json:"permissions"`
+}
+
+type apiPermissionResponseDto struct {
+	ID          string  `json:"id"`
+	Key         string  `json:"key"`
+	Name        string  `json:"name"`
+	Description *string `json:"description,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// apiCreateDto is the payload for creating an API
+// The resource identifier is only accepted here because changing it later would invalidate every token already minted for the API
+type apiCreateDto struct {
+	Name     string `json:"name" binding:"required,min=1,max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
+	Resource string `json:"resource" binding:"required,resource_uri,max=350" unorm:"nfc"`
+}
+
+// apiUpdateDto is the payload for updating an API
+// The resource identifier is intentionally not updatable
+type apiUpdateDto struct {
+	Name string `json:"name" binding:"required,min=1,max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
+}
+
+type apiPermissionInputDto struct {
+	Key         string  `json:"key" binding:"required,min=1,max=128" unorm:"nfc"`
+	Name        string  `json:"name" binding:"required,min=1,max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
+	Description *string `json:"description" binding:"omitempty,max=200"`
+}
+
+// apiPermissionsUpdateDto replaces the full permission set of an API
+type apiPermissionsUpdateDto struct {
+	Permissions []apiPermissionInputDto `json:"permissions" binding:"omitempty,dive"`
+}
+
+// clientApiAccessDto is the set of API permissions a client is allowed to request, split by subject type
+// User-delegated permissions may be requested on behalf of a signed-in user, client permissions may be obtained by the client itself through the client credentials grant
+type clientApiAccessDto struct {
+	UserDelegatedPermissionIDs []string `json:"userDelegatedPermissionIds"`
+	ClientPermissionIDs        []string `json:"clientPermissionIds"`
+}
+
+type clientApiAccessUpdateDto struct {
+	UserDelegatedPermissionIDs []string `json:"userDelegatedPermissionIds" binding:"omitempty,dive,required"`
+	ClientPermissionIDs        []string `json:"clientPermissionIds" binding:"omitempty,dive,required"`
+}

backend/internal/api/handler.go

@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/dto"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+)
+
+type handler struct {
+	service *Service
+}
+
+func newHandler(service *Service) *handler {
+	return &handler{service: service}
+}
+
+// list godoc
+// @Summary List APIs
+// @Description Get a paginated list of APIs with optional search and sorting
+// @Tags APIs
+// @Produce json
+// @Param search query string false "Search term to filter APIs by name or resource"
+// @Param pagination[page] query int false "Page number for pagination" default(1)
+// @Param pagination[limit] query int false "Number of items per page" default(20)
+// @Param sort[column] query string false "Column to sort by"
+// @Param sort[direction] query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
+// @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[apiResponseDto]
+// @Router /api/apis [get]
+func (h *handler) list(c *gin.Context) {
+	search := c.Query("search")
+	listRequestOptions := utils.ParseListRequestOptions(c)
+
+	apis, pagination, err := h.service.List(c.Request.Context(), search, listRequestOptions)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	items := make([]apiResponseDto, len(apis))
+	for i, api := range apis {
+		var item apiResponseDto
+		if err := dto.MapStruct(api, &item); err != nil {
+			_ = c.Error(err)
+			return
+		}
+		item.Resource = api.Audience
+		items[i] = item
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, dto.Paginated[apiResponseDto]{
+		Data:       items,
+		Pagination: pagination,
+	})
+}
+
+// get godoc
+// @Summary Get API by ID
+// @Description Retrieve a single API including its permissions
+// @Tags APIs
+// @Produce json
+// @Param id path string true "API ID"
+// @Success 200 {object} apiResponseDto
+// @Router /api/apis/{id} [get]
+func (h *handler) get(c *gin.Context) {
+	api, err := h.service.Get(c.Request.Context(), nil, c.Param("id"))
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	h.respond(c, http.StatusOK, api)
+}
+
+// create godoc
+// @Summary Create API
+// @Description Create a new API resource server
+// @Tags APIs
+// @Accept json
+// @Produce json
+// @Param api body apiCreateDto true "API information"
+// @Success 201 {object} apiResponseDto "Created API"
+// @Router /api/apis [post]
+func (h *handler) create(c *gin.Context) {
+	var input apiCreateDto
+	if err := dto.ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(c, &input); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	api, err := h.service.Create(c.Request.Context(), input)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	h.respond(c, http.StatusCreated, api)
+}
+
+// update godoc
+// @Summary Update API
+// @Description Update an existing API by ID
+// @Tags APIs
+// @Accept json
+// @Produce json
+// @Param id path string true "API ID"
+// @Param api body apiUpdateDto true "API information"
+// @Success 200 {object} apiResponseDto "Updated API"
+// @Router /api/apis/{id} [put]
+func (h *handler) update(c *gin.Context) {
+	var input apiUpdateDto
+	if err := dto.ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(c, &input); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	api, err := h.service.Update(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"), input)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	h.respond(c, http.StatusOK, api)
+}
+
+// delete godoc
+// @Summary Delete API
+// @Description Delete an API by ID
+// @Tags APIs
+// @Param id path string true "API ID"
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/apis/{id} [delete]
+func (h *handler) delete(c *gin.Context) {
+	if err := h.service.Delete(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id")); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// updatePermissions godoc
+// @Summary Update API permissions
+// @Description Replace the full set of permissions for an API
+// @Tags APIs
+// @Accept json
+// @Produce json
+// @Param id path string true "API ID"
+// @Param permissions body apiPermissionsUpdateDto true "Permissions to set"
+// @Success 200 {object} apiResponseDto "Updated API"
+// @Router /api/apis/{id}/permissions [put]
+func (h *handler) updatePermissions(c *gin.Context) {
+	var input apiPermissionsUpdateDto
+	if err := dto.ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(c, &input); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	api, err := h.service.UpdatePermissions(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"), input)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	h.respond(c, http.StatusOK, api)
+}
+
+// getClientAccess godoc
+// @Summary Get client API access
+// @Description Get the API permissions an OIDC client is allowed to request, split into user-delegated and client (machine-to-machine) access
+// @Tags APIs
+// @Produce json
+// @Param clientId path string true "OIDC Client ID"
+// @Success 200 {object} clientApiAccessDto
+// @Router /api/api-access/{clientId} [get]
+func (h *handler) getClientAccess(c *gin.Context) {
+	access, err := h.service.GetClientAPIAccess(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("clientId"))
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, newClientApiAccessDto(access))
+}
+
+// updateClientAccess godoc
+// @Summary Update client API access
+// @Description Replace the API permissions an OIDC client is allowed to request, split into user-delegated and client (machine-to-machine) access
+// @Tags APIs
+// @Accept json
+// @Produce json
+// @Param clientId path string true "OIDC Client ID"
+// @Param access body clientApiAccessUpdateDto true "Allowed permission IDs per subject type"
+// @Success 200 {object} clientApiAccessDto
+// @Router /api/api-access/{clientId} [put]
+func (h *handler) updateClientAccess(c *gin.Context) {
+	var input clientApiAccessUpdateDto
+	err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	applied, err := h.service.SetClientAPIAccess(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("clientId"), ClientAPIAccess(input))
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, newClientApiAccessDto(applied))
+}
+
+// newClientApiAccessDto always serializes both permission lists as arrays rather than null
+func newClientApiAccessDto(access ClientAPIAccess) clientApiAccessDto {
+	dto := clientApiAccessDto(access)
+	if dto.UserDelegatedPermissionIDs == nil {
+		dto.UserDelegatedPermissionIDs = []string{}
+	}
+	if dto.ClientPermissionIDs == nil {
+		dto.ClientPermissionIDs = []string{}
+	}
+	return dto
+}
+
+func (h *handler) respond(c *gin.Context, status int, api API) {
+	var responseDto apiResponseDto
+	if err := dto.MapStruct(api, &responseDto); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+	responseDto.Resource = api.Audience
+	c.JSON(status, responseDto)
+}

backend/internal/api/models.go

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
+	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/oidc"
+)
+
+type API struct {
+	model.Base
+
+	Name      string `sortable:"true"`
+	Audience  string `sortable:"true"`
+	UpdatedAt *datatype.DateTime
+
+	Permissions []Permission `gorm:"foreignKey:APIID;references:ID;constraint:OnDelete:CASCADE"`
+}
+
+type Permission struct {
+	model.Base
+
+	APIID       string `gorm:"column:api_id"`
+	Key         string `sortable:"true"`
+	Name        string
+	Description *string
+}
+
+func (Permission) TableName() string { return "api_permissions" }
+
+type OidcClientAllowedAPIPermission struct {
+	OidcClientID    string
+	APIPermissionID string
+	SubjectType     oidc.SubjectType
+}
+
+func (OidcClientAllowedAPIPermission) TableName() string {
+	return "oidc_clients_allowed_api_permissions"
+}

backend/internal/api/module.go

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/dto"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/oidc"
+)
+
+type Dependencies struct {
+	DB *gorm.DB
+	// Issuer is the OpenID Provider issuer URL, reserved so a custom API cannot claim it as its audience
+	Issuer string
+}
+
+type Module struct {
+	service *Service
+	handler *handler
+}
+
+func New(deps Dependencies) *Module {
+	service := newService(deps.DB, deps.Issuer)
+	return &Module{
+		service: service,
+		handler: newHandler(service),
+	}
+}
+
+// ClientAPIScopes implements the OIDC module's APIAccessProvider interface
+func (m *Module) ClientAPIScopes(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, clientID string) (scopes []string, audiences []string, err error) {
+	return m.service.ClientAPIScopesAndAudiences(ctx, tx, clientID)
+}
+
+// AllowedScopesForAudience implements the OIDC module's APIAccessProvider interface
+func (m *Module) AllowedScopesForAudience(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, clientID, audience string, subjectType oidc.SubjectType) (scopes []string, apiExists bool, err error) {
+	return m.service.AllowedScopesForAudience(ctx, tx, clientID, audience, subjectType)
+}
+
+// DescribePermissions implements the OIDC module's APIAccessProvider interface
+func (m *Module) DescribePermissions(ctx context.Context, audience string, keys []string) ([]dto.ScopeInfoDto, error) {
+	permissions, err := m.service.DescribePermissions(ctx, audience, keys)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	infos := make([]dto.ScopeInfoDto, len(permissions))
+	for i, permission := range permissions {
+		description := ""
+		if permission.Description != nil {
+			description = *permission.Description
+		}
+		infos[i] = dto.ScopeInfoDto{Key: permission.Key, Name: permission.Name, Description: description}
+	}
+
+	return infos, nil
+}
+
+// RegisterRoutes mounts the admin CRUD endpoints
+// adminAuth is passed in as a gin handler so the module does not import internal/middleware
+func (m *Module) RegisterRoutes(apiGroup *gin.RouterGroup, adminAuth gin.HandlerFunc) {
+	apis := apiGroup.Group("/apis")
+	apis.Use(adminAuth)
+	apis.GET("", m.handler.list)
+	apis.POST("", m.handler.create)
+	apis.GET("/:id", m.handler.get)
+	apis.PUT("/:id", m.handler.update)
+	apis.DELETE("/:id", m.handler.delete)
+	apis.PUT("/:id/permissions", m.handler.updatePermissions)
+
+	// The per-client API-access allow-list lives on a separate path so it does not collide with the /apis/:id wildcard
+	access := apiGroup.Group("/api-access")
+	access.Use(adminAuth)
+	access.GET("/:clientId", m.handler.getClientAccess)
+	access.PUT("/:clientId", m.handler.updateClientAccess)
+}

backend/internal/api/service.go

@@ -0,0 +1,484 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ory/fosite"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
+	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/oidc"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
+)
+
+// isPermissionKeyReserved reports whether the key is a scope or claim name owned by Pocket ID's built-in identity layer
+// A custom API permission must not reuse one, otherwise its scope string would collide with a standard OIDC scope or claim
+func isPermissionKeyReserved(key string) bool {
+	switch strings.ToLower(key) {
+	case "openid", "profile", "email", "email_verified", "groups", "offline_access":
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// isValidPermissionKey reports whether the key consists only of RFC 6749 scope-token characters, which are printable ASCII without space, double-quote or backslash
+// This keeps a key safe as a space-delimited value in the token scope claim and free of the control character used to qualify consent records
+func isValidPermissionKey(key string) bool {
+	return fosite.IsValidScopeToken(key)
+}
+
+// Service holds the business logic for managing APIs and their permissions
+type Service struct {
+	db     *gorm.DB
+	issuer string
+}
+
+func newService(db *gorm.DB, issuer string) *Service {
+	return &Service{db: db, issuer: issuer}
+}
+
+// isIssuerAudience reports whether the audience refers to Pocket ID itself (the issuer)
+// A custom API must not claim the issuer as its audience, otherwise its tokens would be indistinguishable from Pocket ID's own identity tokens
+func isIssuerAudience(audience, issuer string) bool {
+	return issuer != "" && strings.ToLower(strings.TrimRight(audience, "/")) == issuer
+}
+
+func (s *Service) List(ctx context.Context, search string, listRequestOptions utils.ListRequestOptions) (apis []API, response utils.PaginationResponse, err error) {
+	query := s.db.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		Preload("Permissions").
+		Model(&API{})
+
+	if listRequestOptions.Sort.Column == "resource" {
+		listRequestOptions.Sort.Column = "audience"
+	}
+
+	if search != "" {
+		like := "%" + search + "%"
+		query = query.Where("name LIKE ? OR audience LIKE ?", like, like)
+	}
+
+	response, err = utils.PaginateFilterAndSort(listRequestOptions, query, &apis)
+	return apis, response, err
+}
+
+// Get loads an API and its permissions
+func (s *Service) Get(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, id string) (api API, err error) {
+	query := s.db.WithContext(ctx)
+	if tx != nil {
+		query = tx.WithContext(ctx).Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: "UPDATE"})
+	}
+
+	err = query.
+		Preload("Permissions").
+		Where("id = ?", id).
+		First(&api).
+		Error
+	return api, err
+}
+
+func (s *Service) Create(ctx context.Context, input apiCreateDto) (api API, err error) {
+	// Reject the issuer as an audience so a custom API cannot impersonate Pocket ID's own identity tokens
+	if isIssuerAudience(input.Resource, s.issuer) {
+		return API{}, &common.ValidationError{Message: "the resource is reserved by Pocket ID and cannot be used for a custom API"}
+	}
+
+	api = API{
+		Name:     input.Name,
+		Audience: input.Resource,
+	}
+
+	err = s.db.WithContext(ctx).Create(&api).Error
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrDuplicatedKey) {
+			return API{}, &common.AlreadyInUseError{Property: "resource"}
+		}
+		return API{}, err
+	}
+
+	return api, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Service) Update(ctx context.Context, id string, input apiUpdateDto) (api API, err error) {
+	tx := s.db.Begin()
+	defer func() {
+		tx.Rollback()
+	}()
+
+	api, err = s.Get(ctx, tx, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return API{}, err
+	}
+
+	api.Name = input.Name
+	api.UpdatedAt = new(datatype.DateTime(time.Now()))
+
+	err = tx.WithContext(ctx).Save(&api).Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return API{}, err
+	}
+
+	if err = tx.Commit().Error; err != nil {
+		return API{}, err
+	}
+
+	return api, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Service) Delete(ctx context.Context, id string) error {
+	tx := s.db.Begin()
+	defer func() {
+		tx.Rollback()
+	}()
+
+	api, err := s.Get(ctx, tx, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err = s.deletePermissions(ctx, tx, collectIDs(api.Permissions)); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err = tx.WithContext(ctx).Delete(&API{}, "id = ?", id).Error; err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return tx.Commit().Error
+}
+
+// UpdatePermissions replaces the full permission set of an API, matching existing permissions by key
+// Unchanged keys keep their grants, removed keys and their client grants are deleted, and new keys are inserted
+func (s *Service) UpdatePermissions(ctx context.Context, id string, input apiPermissionsUpdateDto) (api API, err error) {
+	tx := s.db.Begin()
+	defer func() {
+		tx.Rollback()
+	}()
+
+	api, err = s.Get(ctx, tx, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return API{}, err
+	}
+
+	// Reject keys with invalid characters, that collide with Pocket ID's reserved scopes and claims, or that repeat within the request before persisting anything
+	// A duplicate key would otherwise be silently coalesced last-wins into the map below, dropping a row behind a 200
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(input.Permissions))
+	for _, permission := range input.Permissions {
+		if !isValidPermissionKey(permission.Key) {
+			return API{}, &common.ValidationError{Message: fmt.Sprintf("the permission key %q contains invalid characters", permission.Key)}
+		}
+		if isPermissionKeyReserved(permission.Key) {
+			return API{}, &common.ValidationError{Message: fmt.Sprintf("the permission key %q is reserved by Pocket ID", permission.Key)}
+		}
+		_, ok := seen[permission.Key]
+		if ok {
+			return API{}, &common.ValidationError{Message: fmt.Sprintf("the permission key %q is listed more than once", permission.Key)}
+		}
+		seen[permission.Key] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	existing := make(map[string]Permission, len(api.Permissions))
+	for _, p := range api.Permissions {
+		existing[p.Key] = p
+	}
+
+	wanted := make(map[string]apiPermissionInputDto, len(input.Permissions))
+	var removedIDs []string
+	for _, in := range input.Permissions {
+		wanted[in.Key] = in
+	}
+
+	// Delete permissions whose key is no longer wanted
+	for key, p := range existing {
+		if _, ok := wanted[key]; !ok {
+			removedIDs = append(removedIDs, p.ID)
+		}
+	}
+	if err = s.deletePermissions(ctx, tx, removedIDs); err != nil {
+		return API{}, err
+	}
+
+	// Insert new keys and update the display fields of existing ones
+	for key, in := range wanted {
+		if cur, ok := existing[key]; ok {
+			err = tx.WithContext(ctx).
+				Model(&Permission{}).
+				Where("id = ?", cur.ID).
+				Updates(map[string]any{"name": in.Name, "description": in.Description}).
+				Error
+			if err != nil {
+				return API{}, err
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		newPermission := Permission{
+			APIID:       api.ID,
+			Key:         in.Key,
+			Name:        in.Name,
+			Description: in.Description,
+		}
+		if err = tx.WithContext(ctx).Create(&newPermission).Error; err != nil {
+			return API{}, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	err = tx.WithContext(ctx).
+		Model(&API{}).
+		Where("id = ?", api.ID).
+		Update("updated_at", new(datatype.DateTime(time.Now()))).
+		Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return API{}, err
+	}
+
+	api, err = s.Get(ctx, tx, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return API{}, err
+	}
+
+	if err = tx.Commit().Error; err != nil {
+		return API{}, err
+	}
+
+	return api, nil
+}
+
+// ClientAPIAccess is the set of API permissions granted to a client, split by the subject the resulting tokens act for
+// User-delegated permissions may be requested on behalf of a signed-in user, client permissions may be obtained by the client itself through the client credentials grant
+type ClientAPIAccess struct {
+	UserDelegatedPermissionIDs []string
+	ClientPermissionIDs        []string
+}
+
+// GetClientAPIAccess returns the API permissions a client is allowed to request, split by subject type
+// Only custom-API permissions are tracked here because the identity scopes are freely requestable by every client
+func (s *Service) GetClientAPIAccess(ctx context.Context, clientID string) (access ClientAPIAccess, err error) {
+	var rows []OidcClientAllowedAPIPermission
+	err = s.db.WithContext(ctx).
+		Where("oidc_client_id = ?", clientID).
+		Find(&rows).
+		Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return ClientAPIAccess{}, err
+	}
+
+	for _, row := range rows {
+		switch row.SubjectType {
+		case oidc.SubjectTypeClient:
+			access.ClientPermissionIDs = append(access.ClientPermissionIDs, row.APIPermissionID)
+		case oidc.SubjectTypeUser:
+			access.UserDelegatedPermissionIDs = append(access.UserDelegatedPermissionIDs, row.APIPermissionID)
+		default:
+			// Nop - ignore
+		}
+	}
+
+	return access, nil
+}
+
+// SetClientAPIAccess replaces the client's API-access grants for both subject types with the given permission IDs
+// Unknown permission IDs are ignored
+// It returns the access that was actually applied
+func (s *Service) SetClientAPIAccess(ctx context.Context, clientID string, access ClientAPIAccess) (applied ClientAPIAccess, err error) {
+	tx := s.db.Begin()
+	defer func() {
+		tx.Rollback()
+	}()
+
+	// Ensure the client exists so callers get a 404 for an unknown client
+	var client model.OidcClient
+	if err = tx.WithContext(ctx).Select("id").Where("id = ?", clientID).First(&client).Error; err != nil {
+		return ClientAPIAccess{}, err
+	}
+
+	applied.UserDelegatedPermissionIDs, err = s.filterAssignablePermissionIDs(ctx, tx, access.UserDelegatedPermissionIDs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ClientAPIAccess{}, err
+	}
+	applied.ClientPermissionIDs, err = s.filterAssignablePermissionIDs(ctx, tx, access.ClientPermissionIDs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ClientAPIAccess{}, err
+	}
+
+	// Replace the grants for this client
+	err = tx.WithContext(ctx).
+		Where("oidc_client_id = ?", clientID).
+		Delete(&OidcClientAllowedAPIPermission{}).
+		Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return ClientAPIAccess{}, err
+	}
+
+	rows := make([]OidcClientAllowedAPIPermission, 0, len(applied.UserDelegatedPermissionIDs)+len(applied.ClientPermissionIDs))
+	for _, permissionID := range applied.UserDelegatedPermissionIDs {
+		rows = append(rows, OidcClientAllowedAPIPermission{OidcClientID: clientID, APIPermissionID: permissionID, SubjectType: oidc.SubjectTypeUser})
+	}
+	for _, permissionID := range applied.ClientPermissionIDs {
+		rows = append(rows, OidcClientAllowedAPIPermission{OidcClientID: clientID, APIPermissionID: permissionID, SubjectType: oidc.SubjectTypeClient})
+	}
+	if len(rows) > 0 {
+		if err = tx.WithContext(ctx).Create(&rows).Error; err != nil {
+			return ClientAPIAccess{}, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err = tx.Commit().Error; err != nil {
+		return ClientAPIAccess{}, err
+	}
+
+	return applied, nil
+}
+
+// ClientAPIScopesAndAudiences returns the permission keys a client may request and the distinct audiences of the custom APIs those permissions belong to, across both subject types
+// The OIDC module uses this to widen fosite's scope and audience validation for the client; the per-flow subject-type enforcement happens when the resource is resolved
+func (s *Service) ClientAPIScopesAndAudiences(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, clientID string) (scopes []string, audiences []string, err error) {
+	if tx == nil {
+		tx = s.db
+	}
+
+	var rows []struct {
+		Key      string
+		Audience string
+	}
+	err = tx.WithContext(ctx).
+		Table("oidc_clients_allowed_api_permissions AS g").
+		Select("api_permissions.key AS key, apis.audience AS audience").
+		Joins("JOIN api_permissions ON api_permissions.id = g.api_permission_id").
+		Joins("JOIN apis ON apis.id = api_permissions.api_id").
+		Where("g.oidc_client_id = ?", clientID).
+		Scan(&rows).
+		Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	scopeSeen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(rows))
+	audienceSeen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(rows))
+	scopes = make([]string, 0, len(rows))
+	audiences = make([]string, 0, len(rows))
+	for _, row := range rows {
+		if _, ok := scopeSeen[row.Key]; !ok {
+			scopeSeen[row.Key] = struct{}{}
+			scopes = append(scopes, row.Key)
+		}
+		if _, ok := audienceSeen[row.Audience]; !ok {
+			audienceSeen[row.Audience] = struct{}{}
+			audiences = append(audiences, row.Audience)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return scopes, audiences, nil
+}
+
+// AllowedScopesForAudience returns the permission keys the client is allowed for the API identified by the given audience and subject type, plus whether such an API exists
+func (s *Service) AllowedScopesForAudience(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, clientID, audience string, subjectType oidc.SubjectType) (scopes []string, apiExists bool, err error) {
+	if tx == nil {
+		tx = s.db
+	}
+
+	var api API
+	err = tx.WithContext(ctx).
+		Select("id").
+		Where("audience = ?", audience).
+		First(&api).
+		Error
+	if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+		return nil, false, nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, false, err
+	}
+
+	err = tx.WithContext(ctx).
+		Table("api_permissions").
+		Select("api_permissions.key").
+		Joins("JOIN oidc_clients_allowed_api_permissions g ON g.api_permission_id = api_permissions.id AND g.oidc_client_id = ? AND g.subject_type = ?", clientID, subjectType).
+		Where("api_permissions.api_id = ?", api.ID).
+		Pluck("api_permissions.key", &scopes).
+		Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, true, err
+	}
+
+	return scopes, true, nil
+}
+
+// DescribePermissions returns the permission rows of the API identified by the given audience whose key is in keys
+// The consent screen uses these to show friendly names instead of raw scope keys
+func (s *Service) DescribePermissions(ctx context.Context, audience string, keys []string) ([]Permission, error) {
+	if len(keys) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	var permissions []Permission
+	err := s.db.WithContext(ctx).
+		Model(&Permission{}).
+		Joins("JOIN apis ON apis.id = api_permissions.api_id").
+		Where("apis.audience = ? AND api_permissions.key IN ?", audience, keys).
+		Find(&permissions).
+		Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return permissions, nil
+}
+
+// filterAssignablePermissionIDs returns the subset of the given permission IDs that exist
+func (s *Service) filterAssignablePermissionIDs(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, permissionIDs []string) ([]string, error) {
+	if len(permissionIDs) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	var valid []string
+	err := tx.WithContext(ctx).
+		Model(&Permission{}).
+		Where("id IN ?", permissionIDs).
+		Pluck("id", &valid).
+		Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return valid, nil
+}
+
+// deletePermissions removes permissions by ID along with any client allow-list grants that reference them
+// The explicit grant delete keeps this correct even when the database does not enforce ON DELETE CASCADE at runtime
+func (s *Service) deletePermissions(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, permissionIDs []string) error {
+	if tx == nil {
+		tx = s.db
+	}
+	if len(permissionIDs) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	err := tx.WithContext(ctx).
+		Where("api_permission_id IN ?", permissionIDs).
+		Delete(&OidcClientAllowedAPIPermission{}).
+		Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return tx.WithContext(ctx).
+		Where("id IN ?", permissionIDs).
+		Delete(&Permission{}).
+		Error
+}
+
+func collectIDs(permissions []Permission) []string {
+	ids := make([]string, len(permissions))
+	for i, p := range permissions {
+		ids[i] = p.ID
+	}
+	return ids
+}

backend/internal/api/service_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/oidc"
+	testutils "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/testing"
+)
+
+func TestAPICrudAndPermissionDiff(t *testing.T) {
+	db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+	svc := New(Dependencies{DB: db}).service
+
+	created, err := svc.Create(t.Context(), apiCreateDto{Name: "Orders API", Resource: "https://api.orders.example.com"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, created.ID)
+
+	// The resource is unique.
+	_, err = svc.Create(t.Context(), apiCreateDto{Name: "Dup", Resource: "https://api.orders.example.com"})
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, &common.AlreadyInUseError{})
+
+	desc := "Read orders"
+	updated, err := svc.UpdatePermissions(t.Context(), created.ID, apiPermissionsUpdateDto{Permissions: []apiPermissionInputDto{
+		{Key: "read:orders", Name: "Read orders", Description: &desc},
+		{Key: "write:orders", Name: "Write orders"},
+	}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, updated.Permissions, 2)
+
+	// Grant a client the read:orders permission for both subject types, then remove that permission
+	// and confirm the grants are cleaned up while write:orders (and its key) survives.
+	readPerm := findPermission(updated, "read:orders")
+	require.NotNil(t, readPerm)
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(&model.OidcClient{Base: model.Base{ID: "client-1"}, Name: "Client 1"}).Error)
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(&OidcClientAllowedAPIPermission{OidcClientID: "client-1", APIPermissionID: readPerm.ID, SubjectType: oidc.SubjectTypeUser}).Error)
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(&OidcClientAllowedAPIPermission{OidcClientID: "client-1", APIPermissionID: readPerm.ID, SubjectType: oidc.SubjectTypeClient}).Error)
+
+	updated, err = svc.UpdatePermissions(t.Context(), created.ID, apiPermissionsUpdateDto{Permissions: []apiPermissionInputDto{
+		{Key: "write:orders", Name: "Write orders (renamed)"},
+	}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, updated.Permissions, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "write:orders", updated.Permissions[0].Key)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Write orders (renamed)", updated.Permissions[0].Name)
+
+	var grantCount int64
+	require.NoError(t, db.Model(&OidcClientAllowedAPIPermission{}).Where("api_permission_id = ?", readPerm.ID).Count(&grantCount).Error)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), grantCount)
+
+	renamed, err := svc.Update(t.Context(), created.ID, apiUpdateDto{Name: "Orders"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Orders", renamed.Name)
+	require.NotNil(t, renamed.UpdatedAt)
+
+	require.NoError(t, svc.Delete(t.Context(), created.ID))
+	_, err = svc.Get(t.Context(), nil, created.ID)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestClientApiAccessAllowList(t *testing.T) {
+	db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+	svc := New(Dependencies{DB: db}).service
+
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(&model.OidcClient{Base: model.Base{ID: "client-1"}, Name: "Client 1"}).Error)
+
+	orders, err := svc.Create(t.Context(), apiCreateDto{Name: "Orders", Resource: "https://api.orders.example.com"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	orders, err = svc.UpdatePermissions(t.Context(), orders.ID, apiPermissionsUpdateDto{Permissions: []apiPermissionInputDto{
+		{Key: "read:orders", Name: "Read"},
+		{Key: "write:orders", Name: "Write"},
+	}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	readID := findPermission(orders, "read:orders").ID
+	writeID := findPermission(orders, "write:orders").ID
+
+	// Unknown IDs are filtered out, and the subject types are stored independently.
+	applied, err := svc.SetClientAPIAccess(t.Context(), "client-1", ClientAPIAccess{
+		UserDelegatedPermissionIDs: []string{readID, "does-not-exist"},
+		ClientPermissionIDs:        []string{writeID, "does-not-exist"},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{readID}, applied.UserDelegatedPermissionIDs)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{writeID}, applied.ClientPermissionIDs)
+
+	got, err := svc.GetClientAPIAccess(t.Context(), "client-1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{readID}, got.UserDelegatedPermissionIDs)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{writeID}, got.ClientPermissionIDs)
+
+	// The same permission can be granted for both subject types, and both sets are fully replaced on each call.
+	_, err = svc.SetClientAPIAccess(t.Context(), "client-1", ClientAPIAccess{
+		UserDelegatedPermissionIDs: []string{readID, writeID},
+		ClientPermissionIDs:        []string{readID},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	got, err = svc.GetClientAPIAccess(t.Context(), "client-1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{readID, writeID}, got.UserDelegatedPermissionIDs)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{readID}, got.ClientPermissionIDs)
+
+	// Clearing one subject type leaves the other untouched.
+	_, err = svc.SetClientAPIAccess(t.Context(), "client-1", ClientAPIAccess{ClientPermissionIDs: []string{readID}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	got, err = svc.GetClientAPIAccess(t.Context(), "client-1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, got.UserDelegatedPermissionIDs)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{readID}, got.ClientPermissionIDs)
+
+	// Clearing everything.
+	_, err = svc.SetClientAPIAccess(t.Context(), "client-1", ClientAPIAccess{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	got, err = svc.GetClientAPIAccess(t.Context(), "client-1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, got.UserDelegatedPermissionIDs)
+	assert.Empty(t, got.ClientPermissionIDs)
+
+	// An unknown client is rejected (surfaces as 404 at the HTTP layer).
+	_, err = svc.SetClientAPIAccess(t.Context(), "nope", ClientAPIAccess{UserDelegatedPermissionIDs: []string{readID}})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+// TestAllowedScopesForAudienceFiltersBySubjectType guards that the scopes resolved for a flow
+// only come from the grants of that flow's subject type.
+func TestAllowedScopesForAudienceFiltersBySubjectType(t *testing.T) {
+	db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+	svc := New(Dependencies{DB: db}).service
+
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(&model.OidcClient{Base: model.Base{ID: "client-1"}, Name: "Client 1"}).Error)
+
+	orders, err := svc.Create(t.Context(), apiCreateDto{Name: "Orders", Resource: "https://api.orders.example.com"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	orders, err = svc.UpdatePermissions(t.Context(), orders.ID, apiPermissionsUpdateDto{Permissions: []apiPermissionInputDto{
+		{Key: "read:orders", Name: "Read"},
+		{Key: "write:orders", Name: "Write"},
+	}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	readID := findPermission(orders, "read:orders").ID
+	writeID := findPermission(orders, "write:orders").ID
+
+	_, err = svc.SetClientAPIAccess(t.Context(), "client-1", ClientAPIAccess{
+		UserDelegatedPermissionIDs: []string{readID},
+		ClientPermissionIDs:        []string{writeID},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	userScopes, exists, err := svc.AllowedScopesForAudience(t.Context(), nil, "client-1", "https://api.orders.example.com", oidc.SubjectTypeUser)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, exists)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"read:orders"}, userScopes)
+
+	clientScopes, exists, err := svc.AllowedScopesForAudience(t.Context(), nil, "client-1", "https://api.orders.example.com", oidc.SubjectTypeClient)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, exists)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"write:orders"}, clientScopes)
+
+	// The fosite widening still sees the union of both subject types.
+	scopes, audiences, err := svc.ClientAPIScopesAndAudiences(t.Context(), nil, "client-1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"read:orders", "write:orders"}, scopes)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"https://api.orders.example.com"}, audiences)
+}
+
+func TestUpdatePermissionsRejectsReservedKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+	svc := New(Dependencies{DB: db}).service
+
+	orders, err := svc.Create(t.Context(), apiCreateDto{Name: "Orders", Resource: "https://api.orders.example.com"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	for _, key := range []string{"openid", "profile", "email", "email_verified", "groups", "offline_access", "Email"} {
+		_, err := svc.UpdatePermissions(t.Context(), orders.ID, apiPermissionsUpdateDto{Permissions: []apiPermissionInputDto{
+			{Key: key, Name: "Reserved"},
+		}})
+		require.Error(t, err, "key %q must be rejected", key)
+		var validationErr *common.ValidationError
+		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &validationErr)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUpdatePermissionsRejectsDuplicateKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+	svc := New(Dependencies{DB: db}).service
+
+	orders, err := svc.Create(t.Context(), apiCreateDto{Name: "Orders", Resource: "https://api.orders.example.com"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Two rows with the same key must be rejected rather than silently coalesced last-wins
+	_, err = svc.UpdatePermissions(t.Context(), orders.ID, apiPermissionsUpdateDto{Permissions: []apiPermissionInputDto{
+		{Key: "read:orders", Name: "Read"},
+		{Key: "read:orders", Name: "Read again"},
+	}})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	var validationErr *common.ValidationError
+	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &validationErr)
+}
+
+func TestUpdatePermissionsRejectsInvalidKeyCharacters(t *testing.T) {
+	db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+	svc := New(Dependencies{DB: db}).service
+
+	orders, err := svc.Create(t.Context(), apiCreateDto{Name: "Orders", Resource: "https://api.orders.example.com"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// A space corrupts the space-delimited scope claim, and the unit separator is the consent delimiter
+	for _, key := range []string{"read orders", "read\x1forders", "read\"orders", "bad\\key", "tab\tkey"} {
+		_, err := svc.UpdatePermissions(t.Context(), orders.ID, apiPermissionsUpdateDto{Permissions: []apiPermissionInputDto{
+			{Key: key, Name: "Invalid"},
+		}})
+		require.Error(t, err, "key %q must be rejected", key)
+		var validationErr *common.ValidationError
+		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &validationErr)
+	}
+
+	// A valid scope-token key is accepted
+	_, err = svc.UpdatePermissions(t.Context(), orders.ID, apiPermissionsUpdateDto{Permissions: []apiPermissionInputDto{
+		{Key: "read:orders", Name: "Read"},
+	}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestCreateRejectsIssuerResource(t *testing.T) {
+	db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+	const issuer = "https://id.example.com"
+	svc := New(Dependencies{DB: db, Issuer: issuer}).service
+
+	// The issuer itself, a trailing-slash variant, and a different-cased variant are all reserved
+	for _, resource := range []string{issuer, issuer + "/", "https://ID.example.com"} {
+		_, err := svc.Create(t.Context(), apiCreateDto{Name: "Reserved", Resource: resource})
+		require.Error(t, err, "resource %q must be rejected", resource)
+		var validationErr *common.ValidationError
+		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &validationErr)
+	}
+
+	// A normal resource is accepted
+	_, err := svc.Create(t.Context(), apiCreateDto{Name: "Orders", Resource: "https://api.orders.example.com"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestCreateAcceptsAbsoluteResourceURIs(t *testing.T) {
+	db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+	svc := New(Dependencies{DB: db}).service
+
+	for _, resource := range []string{"https://api.orders.example.com", "api://PocketID", "urn:my-app"} {
+		_, err := svc.Create(t.Context(), apiCreateDto{Name: "Orders", Resource: resource})
+		require.NoError(t, err, "resource %q must be accepted", resource)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDescribePermissions(t *testing.T) {
+	db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+	svc := New(Dependencies{DB: db}).service
+
+	orders, err := svc.Create(t.Context(), apiCreateDto{Name: "Orders", Resource: "https://api.orders.example.com"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	desc := "Read orders"
+	_, err = svc.UpdatePermissions(t.Context(), orders.ID, apiPermissionsUpdateDto{Permissions: []apiPermissionInputDto{
+		{Key: "read:orders", Name: "Read orders", Description: &desc},
+		{Key: "write:orders", Name: "Write orders"},
+	}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	infos, err := svc.DescribePermissions(t.Context(), "https://api.orders.example.com", []string{"read:orders", "unknown"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, infos, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "read:orders", infos[0].Key)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Read orders", infos[0].Name)
+	require.NotNil(t, infos[0].Description)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Read orders", *infos[0].Description)
+}
+
+func findPermission(api API, key string) *Permission {
+	for i := range api.Permissions {
+		if api.Permissions[i].Key == key {
+			return &api.Permissions[i]
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}

backend/internal/apikey/dto.go

@@ -1,16 +1,20 @@
-package dto
+package apikey
 
 import (
 	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
 )
 
-type ApiKeyCreateDto struct {
+type apiKeyCreateDto struct {
 	Name        string            `json:"name" binding:"required,min=3,max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
 	Description *string           `json:"description" unorm:"nfc"`
 	ExpiresAt   datatype.DateTime `json:"expiresAt" binding:"required"`
 }
 
-type ApiKeyDto struct {
+type apiKeyRenewDto struct {
+	ExpiresAt datatype.DateTime `json:"expiresAt" binding:"required"`
+}
+
+type apiKeyDto struct {
 	ID                  string             `json:"id"`
 	Name                string             `json:"name"`
 	Description         *string            `json:"description"`
@@ -20,7 +24,7 @@ type ApiKeyDto struct {
 	ExpirationEmailSent bool               `json:"expirationEmailSent"`
 }
 
-type ApiKeyResponseDto struct {
-	ApiKey ApiKeyDto `json:"apiKey"`
+type apiKeyResponseDto struct {
+	ApiKey apiKeyDto `json:"apiKey"`
 	Token  string    `json:"token"`
 }

backend/internal/apikey/handler.go

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+package apikey
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/dto"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+)
+
+type handler struct {
+	service *Service
+}
+
+func newHandler(service *Service) *handler {
+	return &handler{service: service}
+}
+
+// list godoc
+// @Summary List API keys
+// @Description Get a paginated list of API keys belonging to the current user
+// @Tags API Keys
+// @Param pagination[page] query int false "Page number for pagination" default(1)
+// @Param pagination[limit] query int false "Number of items per page" default(20)
+// @Param sort[column] query string false "Column to sort by"
+// @Param sort[direction] query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
+// @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[apiKeyDto]
+// @Router /api/api-keys [get]
+func (h *handler) list(c *gin.Context) {
+	listRequestOptions := utils.ParseListRequestOptions(c)
+
+	userID := c.GetString("userID")
+
+	apiKeys, pagination, err := h.service.ListApiKeys(c.Request.Context(), userID, listRequestOptions)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var apiKeysDto []apiKeyDto
+	if err := dto.MapStructList(apiKeys, &apiKeysDto); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, dto.Paginated[apiKeyDto]{
+		Data:       apiKeysDto,
+		Pagination: pagination,
+	})
+}
+
+// create godoc
+// @Summary Create API key
+// @Description Create a new API key for the current user
+// @Tags API Keys
+// @Param api_key body apiKeyCreateDto true "API key information"
+// @Success 201 {object} apiKeyResponseDto "Created API key with token"
+// @Router /api/api-keys [post]
+func (h *handler) create(c *gin.Context) {
+	userID := c.GetString("userID")
+
+	var input apiKeyCreateDto
+	if err := dto.ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(c, &input); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	apiKey, token, err := h.service.CreateApiKey(c.Request.Context(), userID, input)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var responseDto apiKeyDto
+	if err := dto.MapStruct(apiKey, &responseDto); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusCreated, apiKeyResponseDto{
+		ApiKey: responseDto,
+		Token:  token,
+	})
+}
+
+// renew godoc
+// @Summary Renew API key
+// @Description Renew an existing API key by ID
+// @Tags API Keys
+// @Param id path string true "API Key ID"
+// @Success 200 {object} apiKeyResponseDto "Renewed API key with new token"
+// @Router /api/api-keys/{id}/renew [post]
+func (h *handler) renew(c *gin.Context) {
+	userID := c.GetString("userID")
+	apiKeyID := c.Param("id")
+
+	var input apiKeyRenewDto
+	if err := dto.ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(c, &input); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	apiKey, token, err := h.service.RenewApiKey(c.Request.Context(), userID, apiKeyID, input.ExpiresAt.ToTime())
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var responseDto apiKeyDto
+	if err := dto.MapStruct(apiKey, &responseDto); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, apiKeyResponseDto{
+		ApiKey: responseDto,
+		Token:  token,
+	})
+}
+
+// revoke godoc
+// @Summary Revoke API key
+// @Description Revoke (delete) an existing API key by ID
+// @Tags API Keys
+// @Param id path string true "API Key ID"
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/api-keys/{id} [delete]
+func (h *handler) revoke(c *gin.Context) {
+	userID := c.GetString("userID")
+	apiKeyID := c.Param("id")
+
+	if err := h.service.RevokeApiKey(c.Request.Context(), userID, apiKeyID); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}

backend/internal/apikey/models.go

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
-package model
+package apikey
 
-import datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+import (
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
+	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+)
 
+// ApiKey is a personal access token a user can use to authenticate against the API
 type ApiKey struct {
-	Base
+	model.Base
 
 	Name                string `sortable:"true"`
 	Key                 string
@@ -13,5 +17,5 @@ type ApiKey struct {
 	ExpirationEmailSent bool
 
 	UserID string
-	User   User
+	User   model.User
 }

backend/internal/apikey/module.go

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package apikey
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
+)
+
+type Dependencies struct {
+	DB           *gorm.DB
+	StaticApiKey string
+}
+
+type Module struct {
+	service *Service
+	handler *handler
+}
+
+func New(ctx context.Context, deps Dependencies) (*Module, error) {
+	service, err := newService(ctx, deps.DB, deps.StaticApiKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &Module{
+		service: service,
+		handler: newHandler(service),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// RegisterRoutes mounts the API key management endpoints
+// authWithoutApiKey disables API key authentication so an API key cannot be used to mint or renew further API keys
+func (m *Module) RegisterRoutes(apiGroup *gin.RouterGroup, auth, authWithoutApiKey gin.HandlerFunc) {
+	group := apiGroup.Group("/api-keys")
+	group.GET("", auth, m.handler.list)
+	group.POST("", authWithoutApiKey, m.handler.create)
+	group.POST("/:id/renew", authWithoutApiKey, m.handler.renew)
+	group.DELETE("/:id", auth, m.handler.revoke)
+}
+
+// ValidateApiKey resolves the user that owns the given raw API key
+// It is used by the authentication middleware
+func (m *Module) ValidateApiKey(ctx context.Context, apiKey string) (model.User, error) {
+	return m.service.ValidateApiKey(ctx, apiKey)
+}
+
+// ListExpiringApiKeys returns API keys expiring within the given number of days that have not been notified yet
+func (m *Module) ListExpiringApiKeys(ctx context.Context, daysAhead int) ([]ApiKey, error) {
+	return m.service.ListExpiringApiKeys(ctx, daysAhead)
+}
+
+// MarkExpirationEmailSent records that the expiration notification email was sent for the given API key
+func (m *Module) MarkExpirationEmailSent(ctx context.Context, apiKeyID string) error {
+	return m.service.MarkExpirationEmailSent(ctx, apiKeyID)
+}

backend/internal/apikey/service.go

@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+package apikey
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"time"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
+	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+)
+
+// Service holds the business logic for managing user API keys
+type Service struct {
+	db           *gorm.DB
+	staticApiKey string
+}
+
+func newService(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, staticApiKey string) (*Service, error) {
+	s := &Service{
+		db:           db,
+		staticApiKey: staticApiKey,
+	}
+
+	if staticApiKey == "" {
+		err := s.deleteStaticApiKeyUser(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return s, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Service) ListApiKeys(ctx context.Context, userID string, listRequestOptions utils.ListRequestOptions) ([]ApiKey, utils.PaginationResponse, error) {
+	query := s.db.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		Where("user_id = ?", userID).
+		Model(&ApiKey{})
+
+	var apiKeys []ApiKey
+	pagination, err := utils.PaginateFilterAndSort(listRequestOptions, query, &apiKeys)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, utils.PaginationResponse{}, err
+	}
+
+	return apiKeys, pagination, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Service) CreateApiKey(ctx context.Context, userID string, input apiKeyCreateDto) (ApiKey, string, error) {
+	// Check if expiration is in the future
+	if !input.ExpiresAt.ToTime().After(time.Now()) {
+		return ApiKey{}, "", &common.APIKeyExpirationDateError{}
+	}
+
+	// Generate a secure random API key
+	token, err := utils.GenerateRandomAlphanumericString(32)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ApiKey{}, "", err
+	}
+
+	apiKey := ApiKey{
+		Name:        input.Name,
+		Key:         utils.CreateSha256Hash(token), // Hash the token for storage
+		Description: input.Description,
+		ExpiresAt:   input.ExpiresAt,
+		UserID:      userID,
+	}
+
+	err = s.db.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		Create(&apiKey).
+		Error
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrDuplicatedKey) {
+			return ApiKey{}, "", &common.AlreadyInUseError{Property: "API key name"}
+		}
+		return ApiKey{}, "", err
+	}
+
+	// Return the raw token only once - it cannot be retrieved later
+	return apiKey, token, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Service) RenewApiKey(ctx context.Context, userID, apiKeyID string, expiration time.Time) (ApiKey, string, error) {
+	// Check if expiration is in the future
+	if !expiration.After(time.Now()) {
+		return ApiKey{}, "", &common.APIKeyExpirationDateError{}
+	}
+
+	tx := s.db.Begin()
+	defer tx.Rollback()
+
+	var apiKey ApiKey
+	err := tx.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		Model(&ApiKey{}).
+		Where("id = ? AND user_id = ?", apiKeyID, userID).
+		First(&apiKey).
+		Error
+
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+			return ApiKey{}, "", &common.APIKeyNotFoundError{}
+		}
+		return ApiKey{}, "", err
+	}
+
+	// Only allow renewal if the key has already expired
+	if apiKey.ExpiresAt.ToTime().After(time.Now()) {
+		return ApiKey{}, "", &common.APIKeyNotExpiredError{}
+	}
+
+	// Generate a secure random API key
+	token, err := utils.GenerateRandomAlphanumericString(32)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ApiKey{}, "", err
+	}
+
+	apiKey.Key = utils.CreateSha256Hash(token)
+	apiKey.ExpiresAt = datatype.DateTime(expiration)
+
+	err = tx.WithContext(ctx).Save(&apiKey).Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return ApiKey{}, "", err
+	}
+
+	if err := tx.Commit().Error; err != nil {
+		return ApiKey{}, "", err
+	}
+
+	return apiKey, token, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Service) RevokeApiKey(ctx context.Context, userID, apiKeyID string) error {
+	var apiKey ApiKey
+	err := s.db.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		Where("id = ? AND user_id = ?", apiKeyID, userID).
+		Delete(&apiKey).
+		Error
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+			return &common.APIKeyNotFoundError{}
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *Service) ValidateApiKey(ctx context.Context, apiKey string) (model.User, error) {
+	if apiKey == "" {
+		return model.User{}, &common.NoAPIKeyProvidedError{}
+	}
+
+	if s.staticApiKey != "" && apiKey == s.staticApiKey {
+		return s.initStaticApiKeyUser(ctx)
+	}
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	hashedKey := utils.CreateSha256Hash(apiKey)
+
+	var key ApiKey
+	err := s.db.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		Model(&ApiKey{}).
+		Clauses(clause.Returning{}).
+		Where("key = ? AND expires_at > ?", hashedKey, datatype.DateTime(now)).
+		Updates(&ApiKey{
+			LastUsedAt: new(datatype.DateTime(now)),
+		}).
+		Preload("User").
+		First(&key).
+		Error
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+			return model.User{}, &common.InvalidAPIKeyError{}
+		}
+
+		return model.User{}, err
+	}
+
+	return key.User, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Service) ListExpiringApiKeys(ctx context.Context, daysAhead int) ([]ApiKey, error) {
+	var keys []ApiKey
+	now := time.Now()
+	cutoff := now.AddDate(0, 0, daysAhead)
+
+	err := s.db.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		Preload("User").
+		Where("expires_at > ? AND expires_at <= ? AND expiration_email_sent = ?", datatype.DateTime(now), datatype.DateTime(cutoff), false).
+		Find(&keys).
+		Error
+
+	return keys, err
+}
+
+// MarkExpirationEmailSent records that the expiration notification email was sent for the given API key
+func (s *Service) MarkExpirationEmailSent(ctx context.Context, apiKeyID string) error {
+	return s.db.WithContext(ctx).
+		Model(&ApiKey{}).
+		Where("id = ?", apiKeyID).
+		Update("expiration_email_sent", true).
+		Error
+}
+
+func (s *Service) initStaticApiKeyUser(ctx context.Context) (user model.User, err error) {
+	err = s.db.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		First(&user, "id = ?", common.StaticApiKeyUserID).
+		Error
+
+	if err == nil {
+		return user, nil
+	}
+
+	if !errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+		return model.User{}, err
+	}
+
+	usernameSuffix, err := utils.GenerateRandomAlphanumericString(6)
+	if err != nil {
+		return model.User{}, err
+	}
+
+	user = model.User{
+		Base: model.Base{
+			ID: common.StaticApiKeyUserID,
+		},
+		FirstName:   "Static API User",
+		Username:    "static-api-user-" + usernameSuffix,
+		DisplayName: "Static API User",
+		IsAdmin:     true,
+	}
+
+	err = s.db.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		Create(&user).
+		Error
+
+	return user, err
+}
+
+func (s *Service) deleteStaticApiKeyUser(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return s.db.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		Delete(&model.User{}, "id = ?", common.StaticApiKeyUserID).
+		Error
+}

backend/internal/bootstrap/actors_bootstrap.go

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+package bootstrap
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/italypaleale/francis/builtin/ratelimit"
+	"github.com/italypaleale/francis/components/postgres"
+	"github.com/italypaleale/francis/host/local"
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgxpool"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/job"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/storage"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/crypto"
+)
+
+type NewActorsOpts struct {
+	SQLite   *sql.DB
+	Postgres *pgxpool.Pool
+
+	EnvConfig   *common.EnvConfigSchema
+	AppConfig   *service.AppConfigService
+	HttpClient  *http.Client
+	DB          *gorm.DB
+	FileStorage storage.FileStorage
+}
+
+func NewActors(o NewActorsOpts) (*local.Host, map[string]*ratelimit.RateLimitService, error) {
+	log := slog.Default()
+
+	// Derive a PSK from the global encryption key
+	// The runtime PSK derives the cluster CA used for host-to-host mTLS
+	psk, err := o.getPSK()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to derive PSK: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Options for the host
+	opts := []local.HostOption{
+		local.WithAddress(net.JoinHostPort(o.EnvConfig.ActorsHost, o.EnvConfig.ActorsPort)),
+		local.WithLogger(log.With("scope", "actor-host")),
+		local.WithRuntimePSKs(psk),
+		local.WithShutdownGracePeriod(10 * time.Second),
+	}
+
+	// Add all cron jobs
+	cronjobs, err := o.getCronJobs()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	opts = append(opts, cronjobs...)
+
+	// Add the rate limiters
+	rateLimiters, rateLimiterOpts, err := o.getRateLimiters()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	opts = append(opts, rateLimiterOpts...)
+
+	// Add the database connection
+	providerOpt, err := o.getProvider()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	opts = append(opts, providerOpt)
+
+	// Create a new actor host
+	h, err := local.NewHost(opts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create actor host: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Bind a service for each rate limiter so the middleware can invoke them
+	rateLimitServices := make(map[string]*ratelimit.RateLimitService, len(rateLimiters))
+	for name, rl := range rateLimiters {
+		rateLimitServices[name] = rl.Service(h.Service())
+	}
+
+	return h, rateLimitServices, nil
+}
+
+// Derive a PSK from the global encryption key
+func (o *NewActorsOpts) getPSK() ([]byte, error) {
+	// Note: changing the key derivation or the seed is a breaking change
+	return crypto.DeriveKey(o.EnvConfig.EncryptionKey, "pocketid/actors-psk")
+}
+
+func (o *NewActorsOpts) getProvider() (local.HostOption, error) {
+	switch {
+	case o.Postgres != nil && o.SQLite != nil:
+		return nil, errors.New("cannot have both Postgres and SQLite connections")
+	case o.Postgres != nil:
+		return local.WithPostgresProvider(postgres.PostgresProviderOptions{
+			DB: o.Postgres,
+		}), nil
+	case o.SQLite != nil:
+		return local.WithSQLiteProvider(local.SQLiteProviderOptions{
+			DB: o.SQLite,
+		}), nil
+	default:
+		return nil, errors.New("one of Postgres and SQLite must be set")
+	}
+}
+
+func (o *NewActorsOpts) getCronJobs() (opts []local.HostOption, err error) {
+	// In test mode, we do not register anything
+	if common.EnvConfig.AppEnv == "test" {
+		return opts, nil
+	}
+
+	// Register the analytics job
+	analyticsJob, err := job.GetAnalyticsJob(o.AppConfig, o.HttpClient)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get analytics cron job: %w", err)
+	}
+	if analyticsJob != nil {
+		// This could be nil if analytics are disabled
+		opts = append(opts, local.WithBuiltInActor(analyticsJob))
+	}
+
+	// Register the file cleanup jobs
+	fileCleanupJobs, err := job.GetFileCleanupJobs(o.DB, o.FileStorage)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get file cleanup cron jobs: %w", err)
+	}
+	for _, j := range fileCleanupJobs {
+		opts = append(opts, local.WithBuiltInActor(j))
+	}
+
+	return opts, nil
+}
+
+// getRateLimiters creates a built-in rate-limit actor for each middleware policy and returns both the created actors (keyed by policy name) and the host options to register them
+// Unlike cron jobs, rate limiters keep no durable state, so they are registered in every environment
+func (o *NewActorsOpts) getRateLimiters() (actors map[string]*ratelimit.RateLimit, opts []local.HostOption, err error) {
+	policies := middleware.RateLimitPolicies()
+	actors = make(map[string]*ratelimit.RateLimit, len(policies))
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		rl, err := ratelimit.New(
+			p.Name,
+			ratelimit.WithRate(p.Rate),
+			ratelimit.WithPer(p.Per),
+			ratelimit.WithBurst(p.Burst),
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("error creating rate limiter %q: %w", p.Name, err)
+		}
+		actors[p.Name] = rl
+		opts = append(opts, local.WithBuiltInActor(rl))
+	}
+
+	return actors, opts, nil
+}

backend/internal/bootstrap/actors_bootstrap_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package bootstrap
+
+import (
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+)
+
+func TestNewActorsOptsGetPSKUsesStableValue(t *testing.T) {
+	opts := NewActorsOpts{
+		EnvConfig: &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+			EncryptionKey: []byte("test-encryption-key"),
+		},
+	}
+
+	expectedHex := "651300d35d48998d0fa66ac89091bcde8ed0fd0aa35fbb849f068410c64807e9"
+	expected, err := hex.DecodeString(expectedHex)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	actual, err := opts.getPSK()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, expected, actual)
+}

backend/internal/bootstrap/app_images_bootstrap.go

@@ -2,71 +2,95 @@ package bootstrap
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/sha256"
 	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
 	"log/slog"
 	"os"
 	"path"
+	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/storage"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/resources"
 )
 
-// initApplicationImages copies the images from the images directory to the application-images directory
+// initApplicationImages copies the images from the embedded directory to the storage backend
 // and returns a map containing the detected file extensions in the application-images directory.
-func initApplicationImages() (map[string]string, error) {
+//
+//nolint:gocognit
+func initApplicationImages(ctx context.Context, fileStorage storage.FileStorage) (map[string]string, error) {
 	// Previous versions of images
 	// If these are found, they are deleted
 	legacyImageHashes := imageHashMap{
-		"background.jpg": mustDecodeHex("138d510030ed845d1d74de34658acabff562d306476454369a60ab8ade31933f"),
+		"background.jpg":  mustDecodeHex("138d510030ed845d1d74de34658acabff562d306476454369a60ab8ade31933f"),
+		"background.webp": mustDecodeHex("3fc436a66d6b872b01d96a4e75046c46b5c3e2daccd51e98ecdf98fd445599ab"),
 	}
 
-	dirPath := common.EnvConfig.UploadPath + "/application-images"
-
 	sourceFiles, err := resources.FS.ReadDir("images")
 	if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read directory: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	destinationFiles, err := os.ReadDir(dirPath)
-	if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read directory: %w", err)
+	destinationFiles, err := fileStorage.List(ctx, "application-images")
+	if err != nil {
+		if storage.IsNotExist(err) {
+			destinationFiles = []storage.ObjectInfo{}
+		} else {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to list application images: %w", err)
+		}
+
 	}
 	dstNameToExt := make(map[string]string, len(destinationFiles))
 	for _, f := range destinationFiles {
-		if f.IsDir() {
-			continue
-		}
-		name := f.Name()
-		nameWithoutExt, ext := utils.SplitFileName(name)
-		destFilePath := path.Join(dirPath, name)
-
 		// Skip directories
-		if f.IsDir() {
+		_, name := path.Split(f.Path)
+		if name == "" {
 			continue
 		}
-
-		h, err := utils.CreateSha256FileHash(destFilePath)
+		nameWithoutExt, ext := utils.SplitFileName(name)
+		reader, _, err := fileStorage.Open(ctx, f.Path)
 		if err != nil {
-			slog.Warn("Failed to get hash for file", slog.String("name", name), slog.Any("error", err))
+			if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
+				continue
+			}
+			slog.Warn("Failed to open application image for hashing", slog.String("name", name), slog.Any("error", err))
+			continue
+		}
+		hash, err := hashStream(reader)
+		reader.Close()
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Warn("Failed to hash application image", slog.String("name", name), slog.Any("error", err))
 			continue
 		}
 
 		// Check if the file is a legacy one - if so, delete it
-		if legacyImageHashes.Contains(h) {
+		if legacyImageHashes.Contains(hash) {
 			slog.Info("Found legacy application image that will be removed", slog.String("name", name))
-			err = os.Remove(destFilePath)
-			if err != nil {
+			if err := fileStorage.Delete(ctx, f.Path); err != nil {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to remove legacy file '%s': %w", name, err)
 			}
 			continue
 		}
-
-		// Track existing files
 		dstNameToExt[nameWithoutExt] = ext
 	}
 
+	initedPath := path.Join("application-images", ".inited")
+	if _, _, err := fileStorage.Open(ctx, initedPath); err == nil {
+		return dstNameToExt, nil
+	} else if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read .inited: %w", err)
+	} else {
+		err := fileStorage.Save(ctx, initedPath, strings.NewReader(""))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to store .inited: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Copy images from the images directory to the application-images directory if they don't already exist
 	for _, sourceFile := range sourceFiles {
 		if sourceFile.IsDir() {
@@ -76,21 +100,21 @@ func initApplicationImages() (map[string]string, error) {
 		name := sourceFile.Name()
 		nameWithoutExt, ext := utils.SplitFileName(name)
 		srcFilePath := path.Join("images", name)
-		destFilePath := path.Join(dirPath, name)
 
-		// Skip if there's already an image at the path
-		// We do not check the extension because users could have uploaded a different one
 		if _, exists := dstNameToExt[nameWithoutExt]; exists {
 			continue
 		}
 
 		slog.Info("Writing new application image", slog.String("name", name))
-		err := utils.CopyEmbeddedFileToDisk(srcFilePath, destFilePath)
+		srcFile, err := resources.FS.Open(srcFilePath)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to copy file: %w", err)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to open embedded file '%s': %w", name, err)
 		}
-
-		// Track the newly copied file so it can be included in the extensions map later
+		if err := fileStorage.Save(ctx, path.Join("application-images", name), srcFile); err != nil {
+			srcFile.Close()
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to store application image '%s': %w", name, err)
+		}
+		srcFile.Close()
 		dstNameToExt[nameWithoutExt] = ext
 	}
 
@@ -118,3 +142,11 @@ func mustDecodeHex(str string) []byte {
 	}
 	return b
 }
+
+func hashStream(r io.Reader) ([]byte, error) {
+	h := sha256.New()
+	if _, err := io.Copy(h, r); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return h.Sum(nil), nil
+}

backend/internal/bootstrap/bootstrap.go

@@ -2,75 +2,201 @@ package bootstrap
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
 	"time"
 
 	_ "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/source/file"
 
+	"github.com/italypaleale/go-kit/servicerunner"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/job"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/storage"
 )
 
 func Bootstrap(ctx context.Context) error {
+	// List of services to run
+	services := make([]servicerunner.Service, 0, 3)
+	shutdowns := &shutdownManager{
+		fns: make([]servicerunner.Service, 0, 4),
+	}
+
 	// Initialize the observability stack, including the logger, distributed tracing, and metrics
-	shutdownFns, httpClient, err := initObservability(ctx, common.EnvConfig.MetricsEnabled, common.EnvConfig.TracingEnabled)
+	shutdownFns, httpClient, err := initObservability(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize OpenTelemetry: %w", err)
 	}
+	shutdowns.Add(shutdownFns...)
+
 	slog.InfoContext(ctx, "Pocket ID is starting")
 
-	imageExtensions, err := initApplicationImages()
+	// Init database
+	db, pg, err := NewDatabase(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize database: %w", err)
+	}
+	if pg != nil {
+		defer func() {
+			// Close the database connection pool only after the shutdown functions have run: some of them (e.g. releasing the application lock) still need to query the database.
+			pg.Close()
+		}()
+	}
+
+	// Init storage
+	fileStorage, err := InitStorage(ctx, db)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize file storage (backend: %s): %w", common.EnvConfig.FileBackend, err)
+	}
+
+	// Init application images
+	imageExtensions, err := initApplicationImages(ctx, fileStorage)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize application images: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	// Connect to the database
-	db, err := NewDatabase()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize database: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Create all services
-	svc, err := initServices(ctx, db, httpClient, imageExtensions)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize services: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Init the job scheduler
+	// Init the scheduler
 	scheduler, err := job.NewScheduler()
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create job scheduler: %w", err)
 	}
-	err = registerScheduledJobs(ctx, db, svc, httpClient, scheduler)
+
+	// Create all services
+	svc, err := initServices(ctx, db, httpClient, imageExtensions, fileStorage, scheduler)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register scheduled jobs: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize services: %w", err)
+	}
+	services = append(services, svc.appLockService.RunRenewal)
+
+	// Acquire the lock from the app lock service
+	waitUntil, err := svc.appLockService.Acquire(ctx, false)
+	if errors.Is(err, service.ErrLockUnavailable) {
+		return errors.New("it appears that there's already one instance of Pocket ID running; running multiple replicas of Pocket ID is currently not supported")
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to acquire application lock: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	case <-time.After(time.Until(waitUntil)):
+	}
+
+	shutdowns.Add(func(shutdownCtx context.Context) error {
+		sErr := svc.appLockService.Release(shutdownCtx)
+		if sErr != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to release application lock: %w", sErr)
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	// Init the actors
+	actorsOpts := NewActorsOpts{
+		Postgres: pg,
+
+		EnvConfig:   &common.EnvConfig,
+		AppConfig:   svc.appConfigService,
+		HttpClient:  httpClient,
+		DB:          db,
+		FileStorage: fileStorage,
+	}
+	if pg == nil {
+		actorsOpts.SQLite, err = db.DB()
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get *sql.DB connection from Gorm: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	actors, rateLimitServices, err := NewActors(actorsOpts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize actors: %w", err)
+	}
+	services = append(services, actors.Run)
+
+	// Register scheduled jobs, only in non-test mode
+	if common.EnvConfig.AppEnv != "test" {
+		err = registerScheduledJobs(ctx, db, svc, scheduler)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to register scheduled jobs: %w", err)
+		}
+		services = append(services, scheduler.Run)
 	}
 
 	// Init the router
-	router := initRouter(db, svc)
+	// The rate-limit middleware invokes the actor host with each request's own context, so the setup context is intentionally not threaded through the router
+	//nolint:contextcheck
+	router, err := initRouter(db, svc, rateLimitServices)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize router: %w", err)
+	}
+	services = append(services, router)
 
 	// Run all background services
 	// This call blocks until the context is canceled
-	err = utils.
-		NewServiceRunner(router, scheduler.Run).
-		Run(ctx)
+	err = servicerunner.NewServiceRunner(services...).Run(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to run services: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	// Invoke all shutdown functions
-	// We give these a timeout of 5s
-	// Note: we use a background context because the run context has been canceled already
-	shutdownCtx, shutdownCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
-	defer shutdownCancel()
-	err = utils.
-		NewServiceRunner(shutdownFns...).
-		Run(shutdownCtx) //nolint:contextcheck
-	if err != nil {
-		slog.Error("Error shutting down services", slog.Any("error", err))
-	}
+	// Run all shutdown functions
+	shutdowns.Run(ctx)
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+func InitStorage(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB) (fileStorage storage.FileStorage, err error) {
+	switch common.EnvConfig.FileBackend {
+	case storage.TypeFileSystem:
+		fileStorage, err = storage.NewFilesystemStorage(common.EnvConfig.UploadPath)
+	case storage.TypeDatabase:
+		fileStorage, err = storage.NewDatabaseStorage(db)
+	case storage.TypeS3:
+		s3Cfg := storage.S3Config{
+			Bucket:                        common.EnvConfig.S3Bucket,
+			Region:                        common.EnvConfig.S3Region,
+			Endpoint:                      common.EnvConfig.S3Endpoint,
+			AccessKeyID:                   common.EnvConfig.S3AccessKeyID,
+			SecretAccessKey:               common.EnvConfig.S3SecretAccessKey,
+			ForcePathStyle:                common.EnvConfig.S3ForcePathStyle,
+			DisableDefaultIntegrityChecks: common.EnvConfig.S3DisableDefaultIntegrityChecks,
+			Root:                          common.EnvConfig.UploadPath,
+		}
+		fileStorage, err = storage.NewS3Storage(ctx, s3Cfg)
+	default:
+		err = fmt.Errorf("unknown file storage backend: %s", common.EnvConfig.FileBackend)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return fileStorage, err
+	}
+
+	return fileStorage, nil
+}
+
+type shutdownManager struct {
+	fns []servicerunner.Service
+}
+
+func (s *shutdownManager) Add(fns ...servicerunner.Service) {
+	for _, fn := range fns {
+		if fn == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		s.fns = append(s.fns, fn)
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *shutdownManager) Run(ctx context.Context) {
+	// Cleanup functions are one-shot and must each run to completion independently, so we set WaitAll to true
+	sr := servicerunner.NewServiceRunner(s.fns...)
+	sr.WaitAll = true
+
+	shutdownCtx, shutdownCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.WithoutCancel(ctx), 5*time.Second)
+	defer shutdownCancel()
+	err := sr.Run(shutdownCtx)
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.ErrorContext(ctx, "Error shutting down services", slog.Any("error", err))
+	}
+}

backend/internal/bootstrap/db_bootstrap.go

@@ -1,143 +1,51 @@
 package bootstrap
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"database/sql"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
-	"net/url"
-	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/glebarez/sqlite"
-	"github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4"
-	"github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/database"
-	postgresMigrate "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/database/postgres"
-	sqliteMigrate "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/database/sqlite3"
 	_ "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/source/github"
-	"github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/source/iofs"
+	sqlitekit "github.com/italypaleale/go-sql-utils/sqlite"
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgxpool"
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/stdlib"
+	"github.com/libtnb/sqlite"
 	slogGorm "github.com/orandin/slog-gorm"
 	"gorm.io/driver/postgres"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 	gormLogger "gorm.io/gorm/logger"
+	tracingGorm "gorm.io/plugin/opentelemetry/tracing"
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
 	sqliteutil "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/sqlite"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/resources"
 )
 
-func NewDatabase() (db *gorm.DB, err error) {
-	db, err = connectDatabase()
+func NewDatabase(ctx context.Context) (db *gorm.DB, pg *pgxpool.Pool, err error) {
+	db, pg, err = ConnectDatabase(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to database: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to database: %w", err)
 	}
 	sqlDb, err := db.DB()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get sql.DB: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Choose the correct driver for the database provider
-	var driver database.Driver
-	switch common.EnvConfig.DbProvider {
-	case common.DbProviderSqlite:
-		driver, err = sqliteMigrate.WithInstance(sqlDb, &sqliteMigrate.Config{
-			NoTxWrap: true,
-		})
-	case common.DbProviderPostgres:
-		driver, err = postgresMigrate.WithInstance(sqlDb, &postgresMigrate.Config{})
-	default:
-		// Should never happen at this point
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported database provider: %s", common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create migration driver: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get sql.DB: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Run migrations
-	if err := migrateDatabase(driver); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to run migrations: %w", err)
+	err = utils.MigrateDatabase(ctx, sqlDb)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to run migrations: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	return db, nil
+	return db, pg, nil
 }
 
-func migrateDatabase(driver database.Driver) error {
-	// Embedded migrations via iofs
-	path := "migrations/" + string(common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)
-	source, err := iofs.New(resources.FS, path)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create embedded migration source: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	m, err := migrate.NewWithInstance("iofs", source, "pocket-id", driver)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create migration instance: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	requiredVersion, err := getRequiredMigrationVersion(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get last migration version: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	currentVersion, _, _ := m.Version()
-	if currentVersion > requiredVersion {
-		slog.Warn("Database version is newer than the application supports, possible downgrade detected", slog.Uint64("db_version", uint64(currentVersion)), slog.Uint64("app_version", uint64(requiredVersion)))
-		if !common.EnvConfig.AllowDowngrade {
-			return fmt.Errorf("database version (%d) is newer than application version (%d), downgrades are not allowed (set ALLOW_DOWNGRADE=true to enable)", currentVersion, requiredVersion)
-		}
-		slog.Info("Fetching migrations from GitHub to handle possible downgrades")
-		return migrateDatabaseFromGitHub(driver, requiredVersion)
-	}
-
-	if err := m.Migrate(requiredVersion); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, migrate.ErrNoChange) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to apply embedded migrations: %w", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func migrateDatabaseFromGitHub(driver database.Driver, version uint) error {
-	srcURL := "github://pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/resources/migrations/" + string(common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)
-
-	m, err := migrate.NewWithDatabaseInstance(srcURL, "pocket-id", driver)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create GitHub migration instance: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := m.Migrate(version); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, migrate.ErrNoChange) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to apply GitHub migrations: %w", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// getRequiredMigrationVersion reads the embedded migration files and returns the highest version number found.
-func getRequiredMigrationVersion(path string) (uint, error) {
-	entries, err := resources.FS.ReadDir(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to read migration directory: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	var maxVersion uint
-	for _, entry := range entries {
-		if entry.IsDir() {
-			continue
-		}
-		name := entry.Name()
-		var version uint
-		n, err := fmt.Sscanf(name, "%d_", &version)
-		if err == nil && n == 1 {
-			if version > maxVersion {
-				maxVersion = version
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return maxVersion, nil
-}
-
-func connectDatabase() (db *gorm.DB, err error) {
+//nolint:gocognit
+func ConnectDatabase(ctx context.Context) (db *gorm.DB, pg *pgxpool.Pool, err error) {
 	var dialector gorm.Dialector
 
 	// Choose the correct database provider
@@ -145,20 +53,36 @@ func connectDatabase() (db *gorm.DB, err error) {
 	switch common.EnvConfig.DbProvider {
 	case common.DbProviderSqlite:
 		if common.EnvConfig.DbConnectionString == "" {
-			return nil, errors.New("missing required env var 'DB_CONNECTION_STRING' for SQLite database")
+			return nil, nil, errors.New("missing required env var 'DB_CONNECTION_STRING' for SQLite database")
 		}
 
 		sqliteutil.RegisterSqliteFunctions()
 
-		connString, dbPath, isMemoryDB, err := parseSqliteConnectionString(common.EnvConfig.DbConnectionString)
+		connString, dbPath, isMemoryDB, err := sqlitekit.ParseConnectionString(common.EnvConfig.DbConnectionString, slog.Default())
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+
+		if !isMemoryDB {
+			err = sqlitekit.EnsureDatabaseDir(dbPath)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, nil, err
+			}
+
+			var sqliteNetworkFilesystem bool
+			sqliteNetworkFilesystem, err = sqlitekit.IsNetworkedFileSystem(filepath.Dir(dbPath))
+			if err != nil {
+				// Log the error only
+				slog.Warn("Failed to detect filesystem type for the SQLite database directory", slog.String("path", filepath.Dir(dbPath)), slog.Any("error", err))
+			} else if sqliteNetworkFilesystem {
+				slog.Warn("⚠️⚠️⚠️ SQLite databases should not be stored on a networked file system like NFS, SMB, or FUSE, as there's a risk of crashes and even database corruption", slog.String("path", filepath.Dir(dbPath)))
+			}
 		}
 
 		// Before we connect, also make sure that there's a temporary folder for SQLite to write its data
-		err = ensureSqliteTempDir(filepath.Dir(dbPath))
+		err = sqlitekit.EnsureTempDir(filepath.Dir(dbPath), slog.Default())
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return nil, nil, err
 		}
 
 		if isMemoryDB {
@@ -172,13 +96,33 @@ func connectDatabase() (db *gorm.DB, err error) {
 		dialector = sqlite.Open(connString)
 	case common.DbProviderPostgres:
 		if common.EnvConfig.DbConnectionString == "" {
-			return nil, errors.New("missing required env var 'DB_CONNECTION_STRING' for Postgres database")
+			return nil, nil, errors.New("missing required env var 'DB_CONNECTION_STRING' for Postgres database")
 		}
-		dialector = postgres.Open(common.EnvConfig.DbConnectionString)
+
+		// We need a pgxpool object for francis, so we open this as a pgxpool...
+		pg, err = pgxpool.New(ctx, common.EnvConfig.DbConnectionString)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create Postgres pool: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		// ...test it with a ping...
+		pingCtx, pingCancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 10*time.Second)
+		defer pingCancel()
+		err = pg.Ping(pingCtx)
+		if err != nil {
+			pg.Close()
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to ping Postgres database: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		// ...then create the dialector by adapting it to *sql.DB
+		dialector = postgres.New(postgres.Config{
+			Conn: stdlib.OpenDBFromPool(pg),
+		})
 	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported database provider: %s", common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported database provider: %s", common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)
 	}
 
+	// Try connecting up to 3 times
 	for i := 1; i <= 3; i++ {
 		db, err = gorm.Open(dialector, &gorm.Config{
 			TranslateError: true,
@@ -187,247 +131,40 @@ func connectDatabase() (db *gorm.DB, err error) {
 		if err == nil {
 			slog.Info("Connected to database", slog.String("provider", string(common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)))
 
+			// Configure tracing and metrics
+			err = db.Use(tracingGorm.NewPlugin())
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to configure tracing for DB: %w", err)
+			}
+
+			// Invoke the onConnFn callback if any
 			if onConnFn != nil {
 				conn, err := db.DB()
 				if err != nil {
-					slog.Warn("Failed to get database connection, will retry in 3s", slog.Int("attempt", i), slog.String("provider", string(common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)), slog.Any("error", err))
-					time.Sleep(3 * time.Second)
+					if pg != nil {
+						pg.Close()
+					}
+					return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get database connection for onConnFn callback: %w", err)
 				}
+
 				onConnFn(conn)
 			}
 
-			return db, nil
+			return db, pg, nil
 		}
 
+		// If we're here, the connection failed
 		slog.Warn("Failed to connect to database, will retry in 3s", slog.Int("attempt", i), slog.String("provider", string(common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)), slog.Any("error", err))
 		time.Sleep(3 * time.Second)
 	}
 
 	slog.Error("Failed to connect to database after 3 attempts", slog.String("provider", string(common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)), slog.Any("error", err))
 
-	return nil, err
-}
-
-func parseSqliteConnectionString(connString string) (parsedConnString string, dbPath string, isMemoryDB bool, err error) {
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(connString, "file:") {
-		connString = "file:" + connString
+	if pg != nil {
+		pg.Close()
 	}
 
-	// Check if we're using an in-memory database
-	isMemoryDB = isSqliteInMemory(connString)
-
-	// Parse the connection string
-	connStringUrl, err := url.Parse(connString)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", "", false, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse SQLite connection string: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Convert options for the old SQLite driver to the new one
-	convertSqlitePragmaArgs(connStringUrl)
-
-	// Add the default and required params
-	err = addSqliteDefaultParameters(connStringUrl, isMemoryDB)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", "", false, fmt.Errorf("invalid SQLite connection string: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Get the absolute path to the database
-	// Here, we know for a fact that the ? is present
-	parsedConnString = connStringUrl.String()
-	idx := strings.IndexRune(parsedConnString, '?')
-	dbPath, err = filepath.Abs(parsedConnString[len("file:"):idx])
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", "", false, fmt.Errorf("failed to determine absolute path to the database: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return parsedConnString, dbPath, isMemoryDB, nil
-}
-
-// The official C implementation of SQLite allows some additional properties in the connection string
-// that are not supported in the in the modernc.org/sqlite driver, and which must be passed as PRAGMA args instead.
-// To ensure that people can use similar args as in the C driver, which was also used by Pocket ID
-// previously (via github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3), we are converting some options.
-// Note this function updates connStringUrl.
-func convertSqlitePragmaArgs(connStringUrl *url.URL) {
-	// Reference: https://github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3?tab=readme-ov-file#connection-string
-	// This only includes a subset of options, excluding those that are not relevant to us
-	qs := make(url.Values, len(connStringUrl.Query()))
-	for k, v := range connStringUrl.Query() {
-		switch strings.ToLower(k) {
-		case "_auto_vacuum", "_vacuum":
-			qs.Add("_pragma", "auto_vacuum("+v[0]+")")
-		case "_busy_timeout", "_timeout":
-			qs.Add("_pragma", "busy_timeout("+v[0]+")")
-		case "_case_sensitive_like", "_cslike":
-			qs.Add("_pragma", "case_sensitive_like("+v[0]+")")
-		case "_foreign_keys", "_fk":
-			qs.Add("_pragma", "foreign_keys("+v[0]+")")
-		case "_locking_mode", "_locking":
-			qs.Add("_pragma", "locking_mode("+v[0]+")")
-		case "_secure_delete":
-			qs.Add("_pragma", "secure_delete("+v[0]+")")
-		case "_synchronous", "_sync":
-			qs.Add("_pragma", "synchronous("+v[0]+")")
-		default:
-			// Pass other query-string args as-is
-			qs[k] = v
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Update the connStringUrl object
-	connStringUrl.RawQuery = qs.Encode()
-}
-
-// Adds the default (and some required) parameters to the SQLite connection string.
-// Note this function updates connStringUrl.
-func addSqliteDefaultParameters(connStringUrl *url.URL, isMemoryDB bool) error {
-	// This function include code adapted from https://github.com/dapr/components-contrib/blob/v1.14.6/
-	// Copyright (C) 2023 The Dapr Authors
-	// License: Apache2
-	const defaultBusyTimeout = 2500 * time.Millisecond
-
-	// Get the "query string" from the connection string if present
-	qs := connStringUrl.Query()
-	if len(qs) == 0 {
-		qs = make(url.Values, 2)
-	}
-
-	// Check if the database is read-only or immutable
-	isReadOnly := false
-	if len(qs["mode"]) > 0 {
-		// Keep the first value only
-		qs["mode"] = []string{
-			strings.ToLower(qs["mode"][0]),
-		}
-		if qs["mode"][0] == "ro" {
-			isReadOnly = true
-		}
-	}
-	if len(qs["immutable"]) > 0 {
-		// Keep the first value only
-		qs["immutable"] = []string{
-			strings.ToLower(qs["immutable"][0]),
-		}
-		if qs["immutable"][0] == "1" {
-			isReadOnly = true
-		}
-	}
-
-	// We do not want to override a _txlock if set, but we'll show a warning if it's not "immediate"
-	if len(qs["_txlock"]) > 0 {
-		// Keep the first value only
-		qs["_txlock"] = []string{
-			strings.ToLower(qs["_txlock"][0]),
-		}
-		if qs["_txlock"][0] != "immediate" {
-			slog.Warn("SQLite connection is being created with a _txlock different from the recommended value 'immediate'")
-		}
-	} else {
-		qs["_txlock"] = []string{"immediate"}
-	}
-
-	// Add pragma values
-	var hasBusyTimeout, hasJournalMode bool
-	if len(qs["_pragma"]) == 0 {
-		qs["_pragma"] = make([]string, 0, 3)
-	} else {
-		for _, p := range qs["_pragma"] {
-			p = strings.ToLower(p)
-			switch {
-			case strings.HasPrefix(p, "busy_timeout"):
-				hasBusyTimeout = true
-			case strings.HasPrefix(p, "journal_mode"):
-				hasJournalMode = true
-			case strings.HasPrefix(p, "foreign_keys"):
-				return errors.New("found forbidden option '_pragma=foreign_keys' in the connection string")
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	if !hasBusyTimeout {
-		qs["_pragma"] = append(qs["_pragma"], fmt.Sprintf("busy_timeout(%d)", defaultBusyTimeout.Milliseconds()))
-	}
-	if !hasJournalMode {
-		switch {
-		case isMemoryDB:
-			// For in-memory databases, set the journal to MEMORY, the only allowed option besides OFF (which would make transactions ineffective)
-			qs["_pragma"] = append(qs["_pragma"], "journal_mode(MEMORY)")
-		case isReadOnly:
-			// Set the journaling mode to "DELETE" (the default) if the database is read-only
-			qs["_pragma"] = append(qs["_pragma"], "journal_mode(DELETE)")
-		default:
-			// Enable WAL
-			qs["_pragma"] = append(qs["_pragma"], "journal_mode(WAL)")
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Forcefully enable foreign keys
-	qs["_pragma"] = append(qs["_pragma"], "foreign_keys(1)")
-
-	// Update the connStringUrl object
-	connStringUrl.RawQuery = qs.Encode()
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// isSqliteInMemory returns true if the connection string is for an in-memory database.
-func isSqliteInMemory(connString string) bool {
-	lc := strings.ToLower(connString)
-
-	// First way to define an in-memory database is to use ":memory:" or "file::memory:" as connection string
-	if strings.HasPrefix(lc, ":memory:") || strings.HasPrefix(lc, "file::memory:") {
-		return true
-	}
-
-	// Another way is to pass "mode=memory" in the "query string"
-	idx := strings.IndexRune(lc, '?')
-	if idx < 0 {
-		return false
-	}
-	qs, _ := url.ParseQuery(lc[(idx + 1):])
-
-	return len(qs["mode"]) > 0 && qs["mode"][0] == "memory"
-}
-
-// ensureSqliteTempDir ensures that SQLite has a directory where it can write temporary files if needed
-// The default directory may not be writable when using a container with a read-only root file system
-// See: https://www.sqlite.org/tempfiles.html
-func ensureSqliteTempDir(dbPath string) error {
-	// Per docs, SQLite tries these folders in order (excluding those that aren't applicable to us):
-	//
-	// - The SQLITE_TMPDIR environment variable
-	// - The TMPDIR environment variable
-	// - /var/tmp
-	// - /usr/tmp
-	// - /tmp
-	//
-	// Source: https://www.sqlite.org/tempfiles.html#temporary_file_storage_locations
-	//
-	// First, let's check if SQLITE_TMPDIR or TMPDIR are set, in which case we trust the user has taken care of the problem already
-	if os.Getenv("SQLITE_TMPDIR") != "" || os.Getenv("TMPDIR") != "" {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// Now, let's check if /var/tmp, /usr/tmp, or /tmp exist and are writable
-	for _, dir := range []string{"/var/tmp", "/usr/tmp", "/tmp"} {
-		ok, err := utils.IsWritableDir(dir)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to check if %s is writable: %w", dir, err)
-		}
-		if ok {
-			// We found a folder that's writable
-			return nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	// If we're here, there's no temporary directory that's writable (not unusual for containers with a read-only root file system), so we set SQLITE_TMPDIR to the folder where the SQLite database is set
-	err := os.Setenv("SQLITE_TMPDIR", dbPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set SQLITE_TMPDIR environmental variable: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	slog.Debug("Set SQLITE_TMPDIR to the database directory", "path", dbPath)
-
-	return nil
+	return nil, nil, err
 }
 
 func getGormLogger() gormLogger.Interface {

backend/internal/bootstrap/db_bootstrap_test.go

@@ -1,324 +0,0 @@
-package bootstrap
-
-import (
-	"net/url"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func TestIsSqliteInMemory(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name     string
-		connStr  string
-		expected bool
-	}{
-		{
-			name:     "memory database with :memory:",
-			connStr:  ":memory:",
-			expected: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "memory database with file::memory:",
-			connStr:  "file::memory:",
-			expected: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "memory database with :MEMORY: (uppercase)",
-			connStr:  ":MEMORY:",
-			expected: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "memory database with FILE::MEMORY: (uppercase)",
-			connStr:  "FILE::MEMORY:",
-			expected: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "memory database with mixed case",
-			connStr:  ":Memory:",
-			expected: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "has mode=memory",
-			connStr:  "file:data?mode=memory",
-			expected: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "file database",
-			connStr:  "data.db",
-			expected: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "file database with path",
-			connStr:  "/path/to/data.db",
-			expected: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "file database with file: prefix",
-			connStr:  "file:data.db",
-			expected: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "empty string",
-			connStr:  "",
-			expected: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "string containing memory but not at start",
-			connStr:  "data:memory:.db",
-			expected: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "has mode=ro",
-			connStr:  "file:data?mode=ro",
-			expected: false,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			result := isSqliteInMemory(tt.connStr)
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, result)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestConvertSqlitePragmaArgs(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name     string
-		input    string
-		expected string
-	}{
-		{
-			name:     "basic file path",
-			input:    "file:test.db",
-			expected: "file:test.db",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "converts _busy_timeout to pragma",
-			input:    "file:test.db?_busy_timeout=5000",
-			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%285000%29",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "converts _timeout to pragma",
-			input:    "file:test.db?_timeout=5000",
-			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%285000%29",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "converts _foreign_keys to pragma",
-			input:    "file:test.db?_foreign_keys=1",
-			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "converts _fk to pragma",
-			input:    "file:test.db?_fk=1",
-			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "converts _synchronous to pragma",
-			input:    "file:test.db?_synchronous=NORMAL",
-			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=synchronous%28NORMAL%29",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "converts _sync to pragma",
-			input:    "file:test.db?_sync=NORMAL",
-			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=synchronous%28NORMAL%29",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "converts _auto_vacuum to pragma",
-			input:    "file:test.db?_auto_vacuum=FULL",
-			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=auto_vacuum%28FULL%29",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "converts _vacuum to pragma",
-			input:    "file:test.db?_vacuum=FULL",
-			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=auto_vacuum%28FULL%29",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "converts _case_sensitive_like to pragma",
-			input:    "file:test.db?_case_sensitive_like=1",
-			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=case_sensitive_like%281%29",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "converts _cslike to pragma",
-			input:    "file:test.db?_cslike=1",
-			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=case_sensitive_like%281%29",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "converts _locking_mode to pragma",
-			input:    "file:test.db?_locking_mode=EXCLUSIVE",
-			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=locking_mode%28EXCLUSIVE%29",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "converts _locking to pragma",
-			input:    "file:test.db?_locking=EXCLUSIVE",
-			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=locking_mode%28EXCLUSIVE%29",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "converts _secure_delete to pragma",
-			input:    "file:test.db?_secure_delete=1",
-			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=secure_delete%281%29",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "preserves unrecognized parameters",
-			input:    "file:test.db?mode=rw&cache=shared",
-			expected: "file:test.db?cache=shared&mode=rw",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "handles multiple parameters",
-			input:    "file:test.db?_fk=1&mode=rw&_timeout=5000",
-			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=busy_timeout%285000%29&mode=rw",
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			resultURL, _ := url.Parse(tt.input)
-			convertSqlitePragmaArgs(resultURL)
-
-			// Parse both URLs to compare components independently
-			expectedURL, err := url.Parse(tt.expected)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
-			// Compare scheme and path components
-			compareQueryStrings(t, expectedURL, resultURL)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAddSqliteDefaultParameters(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name        string
-		input       string
-		isMemoryDB  bool
-		expected    string
-		expectError bool
-	}{
-		{
-			name:       "basic file database",
-			input:      "file:test.db",
-			isMemoryDB: false,
-			expected:   "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%282500%29&_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=journal_mode%28WAL%29&_txlock=immediate",
-		},
-		{
-			name:       "in-memory database",
-			input:      "file::memory:",
-			isMemoryDB: true,
-			expected:   "file::memory:?_pragma=busy_timeout%282500%29&_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=journal_mode%28MEMORY%29&_txlock=immediate",
-		},
-		{
-			name:       "read-only database with mode=ro",
-			input:      "file:test.db?mode=ro",
-			isMemoryDB: false,
-			expected:   "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%282500%29&_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=journal_mode%28DELETE%29&_txlock=immediate&mode=ro",
-		},
-		{
-			name:       "immutable database",
-			input:      "file:test.db?immutable=1",
-			isMemoryDB: false,
-			expected:   "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%282500%29&_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=journal_mode%28DELETE%29&_txlock=immediate&immutable=1",
-		},
-		{
-			name:       "database with existing _txlock",
-			input:      "file:test.db?_txlock=deferred",
-			isMemoryDB: false,
-			expected:   "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%282500%29&_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=journal_mode%28WAL%29&_txlock=deferred",
-		},
-		{
-			name:       "database with existing busy_timeout pragma",
-			input:      "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%285000%29",
-			isMemoryDB: false,
-			expected:   "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%285000%29&_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=journal_mode%28WAL%29&_txlock=immediate",
-		},
-		{
-			name:       "database with existing journal_mode pragma",
-			input:      "file:test.db?_pragma=journal_mode%28DELETE%29",
-			isMemoryDB: false,
-			expected:   "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%282500%29&_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=journal_mode%28DELETE%29&_txlock=immediate",
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "database with forbidden foreign_keys pragma",
-			input:       "file:test.db?_pragma=foreign_keys%280%29",
-			isMemoryDB:  false,
-			expectError: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:       "database with multiple existing pragmas",
-			input:      "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%283000%29&_pragma=journal_mode%28TRUNCATE%29&_pragma=synchronous%28NORMAL%29",
-			isMemoryDB: false,
-			expected:   "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%283000%29&_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=journal_mode%28TRUNCATE%29&_pragma=synchronous%28NORMAL%29&_txlock=immediate",
-		},
-		{
-			name:       "database with mode=rw (not read-only)",
-			input:      "file:test.db?mode=rw",
-			isMemoryDB: false,
-			expected:   "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%282500%29&_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=journal_mode%28WAL%29&_txlock=immediate&mode=rw",
-		},
-		{
-			name:       "database with immutable=0 (not immutable)",
-			input:      "file:test.db?immutable=0",
-			isMemoryDB: false,
-			expected:   "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%282500%29&_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=journal_mode%28WAL%29&_txlock=immediate&immutable=0",
-		},
-		{
-			name:       "database with mixed case mode=RO",
-			input:      "file:test.db?mode=RO",
-			isMemoryDB: false,
-			expected:   "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%282500%29&_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=journal_mode%28DELETE%29&_txlock=immediate&mode=ro",
-		},
-		{
-			name:       "database with mixed case immutable=1",
-			input:      "file:test.db?immutable=1",
-			isMemoryDB: false,
-			expected:   "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%282500%29&_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=journal_mode%28DELETE%29&_txlock=immediate&immutable=1",
-		},
-		{
-			name:       "complex database configuration",
-			input:      "file:test.db?cache=shared&mode=rwc&_txlock=immediate&_pragma=synchronous%28FULL%29",
-			isMemoryDB: false,
-			expected:   "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%282500%29&_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=journal_mode%28WAL%29&_pragma=synchronous%28FULL%29&_txlock=immediate&cache=shared&mode=rwc",
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			resultURL, err := url.Parse(tt.input)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
-			err = addSqliteDefaultParameters(resultURL, tt.isMemoryDB)
-
-			if tt.expectError {
-				require.Error(t, err)
-				return
-			}
-
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
-			expectedURL, err := url.Parse(tt.expected)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
-			compareQueryStrings(t, expectedURL, resultURL)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func compareQueryStrings(t *testing.T, expectedURL *url.URL, resultURL *url.URL) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	// Compare scheme and path components
-	assert.Equal(t, expectedURL.Scheme, resultURL.Scheme)
-	assert.Equal(t, expectedURL.Path, resultURL.Path)
-
-	// Compare query parameters regardless of order
-	expectedQuery := expectedURL.Query()
-	resultQuery := resultURL.Query()
-
-	assert.Len(t, expectedQuery, len(resultQuery))
-
-	for key, expectedValues := range expectedQuery {
-		resultValues, ok := resultQuery[key]
-		_ = assert.True(t, ok) &&
-			assert.ElementsMatch(t, expectedValues, resultValues)
-	}
-}

backend/internal/bootstrap/e2etest_router_bootstrap.go

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import (
 func init() {
 	registerTestControllers = []func(apiGroup *gin.RouterGroup, db *gorm.DB, svc *services){
 		func(apiGroup *gin.RouterGroup, db *gorm.DB, svc *services) {
-			testService, err := service.NewTestService(db, svc.appConfigService, svc.jwtService, svc.ldapService)
+			testService, err := service.NewTestService(db, svc.appConfigService, svc.jwtService, svc.ldapService, svc.appLockService, svc.fileStorage)
 			if err != nil {
 				slog.Error("Failed to initialize test service", slog.Any("error", err))
 				os.Exit(1)

backend/internal/bootstrap/observability_boostrap.go

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	sloggin "github.com/gin-contrib/slog"
-
+	"github.com/italypaleale/go-kit/servicerunner"
 	"github.com/lmittmann/tint"
 	"github.com/mattn/go-isatty"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/otelslog"
@@ -17,17 +17,14 @@ import (
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
 	globallog "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log/global"
-	metricnoop "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/noop"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/propagation"
 	sdklog "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/resource"
 	sdktrace "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace"
 	semconv "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/semconv/v1.30.0"
-	tracenoop "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace/noop"
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
 )
 
 func defaultResource() (*resource.Resource, error) {
@@ -40,13 +37,13 @@ func defaultResource() (*resource.Resource, error) {
 	)
 }
 
-func initObservability(ctx context.Context, metrics, traces bool) (shutdownFns []utils.Service, httpClient *http.Client, err error) {
+func initObservability(ctx context.Context) (shutdownFns []servicerunner.Service, httpClient *http.Client, err error) {
 	resource, err := defaultResource()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create OpenTelemetry resource: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	shutdownFns = make([]utils.Service, 0, 2)
+	shutdownFns = make([]servicerunner.Service, 0, 3)
 
 	httpClient = &http.Client{}
 	defaultTransport, ok := http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport)
@@ -57,13 +54,15 @@ func initObservability(ctx context.Context, metrics, traces bool) (shutdownFns [
 	httpClient.Transport = defaultTransport.Clone()
 
 	// Logging
-	err = initOtelLogging(ctx, resource)
+	loggingShutdownFn, err := initOtelLogging(ctx, resource)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
+	} else if loggingShutdownFn != nil {
+		shutdownFns = append(shutdownFns, loggingShutdownFn)
 	}
 
 	// Tracing
-	tracingShutdownFn, err := initOtelTracing(ctx, traces, resource, httpClient)
+	tracingShutdownFn, err := initOtelTracing(ctx, resource, httpClient)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	} else if tracingShutdownFn != nil {
@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@ func initObservability(ctx context.Context, metrics, traces bool) (shutdownFns [
 	}
 
 	// Metrics
-	metricsShutdownFn, err := initOtelMetrics(ctx, metrics, resource)
+	metricsShutdownFn, err := initOtelMetrics(ctx, resource)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	} else if metricsShutdownFn != nil {
@@ -81,19 +80,19 @@ func initObservability(ctx context.Context, metrics, traces bool) (shutdownFns [
 	return shutdownFns, httpClient, nil
 }
 
-func initOtelLogging(ctx context.Context, resource *resource.Resource) error {
+func initOtelLogging(ctx context.Context, resource *resource.Resource) (shutdownFn servicerunner.Service, err error) {
 	// If the env var OTEL_LOGS_EXPORTER is empty, we set it to "none", for autoexport to work
 	if os.Getenv("OTEL_LOGS_EXPORTER") == "" {
 		os.Setenv("OTEL_LOGS_EXPORTER", "none")
 	}
 	exp, err := autoexport.NewLogExporter(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize OpenTelemetry log exporter: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize OpenTelemetry log exporter: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	level, _ := sloggin.ParseLevel(common.EnvConfig.LogLevel)
 
-	// Create the handler
+	// Create the console handler
 	var handler slog.Handler
 	if common.EnvConfig.LogJSON {
 		handler = slog.NewJSONHandler(os.Stdout, &slog.HandlerOptions{
@@ -107,21 +106,34 @@ func initOtelLogging(ctx context.Context, resource *resource.Resource) error {
 		})
 	}
 
-	// Create the logger provider
-	provider := sdklog.NewLoggerProvider(
-		sdklog.WithProcessor(
-			sdklog.NewBatchProcessor(exp),
-		),
-		sdklog.WithResource(resource),
-	)
+	// When log export is enabled, also send logs to OpenTelemetry through a batch processor.
+	// When it's disabled (the exporter is a no-op), we skip the OTel handler entirely so we don't convert and buffer every log record just to drop it.
+	if !autoexport.IsNoneLogExporter(exp) {
+		// Create the logger provider
+		provider := sdklog.NewLoggerProvider(
+			sdklog.WithProcessor(
+				sdklog.NewBatchProcessor(exp),
+			),
+			sdklog.WithResource(resource),
+		)
 
-	// Set the logger provider globally
-	globallog.SetLoggerProvider(provider)
+		// Set the logger provider globally
+		globallog.SetLoggerProvider(provider)
 
-	// Wrap the handler in a "fanout" one
-	handler = utils.LogFanoutHandler{
-		handler,
-		otelslog.NewHandler(common.Name, otelslog.WithLoggerProvider(provider)),
+		handler = slog.NewMultiHandler(
+			handler,
+			otelslog.NewHandler(common.Name, otelslog.WithLoggerProvider(provider)),
+		)
+
+		shutdownFn = func(shutdownCtx context.Context) error { //nolint:contextcheck
+			lpCtx, lpCancel := context.WithTimeout(shutdownCtx, 10*time.Second)
+			defer lpCancel()
+			shutdownErr := provider.Shutdown(lpCtx)
+			if shutdownErr != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to gracefully shut down logs exporter: %w", shutdownErr)
+			}
+			return nil
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Set the default slog to send logs to OTel and add the app name
@@ -130,13 +142,13 @@ func initOtelLogging(ctx context.Context, resource *resource.Resource) error {
 		With(slog.String("version", common.Version))
 	slog.SetDefault(log)
 
-	return nil
+	return shutdownFn, nil
 }
 
-func initOtelTracing(ctx context.Context, traces bool, resource *resource.Resource, httpClient *http.Client) (shutdownFn utils.Service, err error) {
-	if !traces {
-		otel.SetTracerProvider(tracenoop.NewTracerProvider())
-		return nil, nil
+func initOtelTracing(ctx context.Context, resource *resource.Resource, httpClient *http.Client) (shutdownFn servicerunner.Service, err error) {
+	// If the env var OTEL_TRACES_EXPORTER is empty, we set it to "none"
+	if os.Getenv("OTEL_TRACES_EXPORTER") == "" {
+		os.Setenv("OTEL_TRACES_EXPORTER", "none")
 	}
 
 	tr, err := autoexport.NewSpanExporter(ctx)
@@ -172,10 +184,10 @@ func initOtelTracing(ctx context.Context, traces bool, resource *resource.Resour
 	return shutdownFn, nil
 }
 
-func initOtelMetrics(ctx context.Context, metrics bool, resource *resource.Resource) (shutdownFn utils.Service, err error) {
-	if !metrics {
-		otel.SetMeterProvider(metricnoop.NewMeterProvider())
-		return nil, nil
+func initOtelMetrics(ctx context.Context, resource *resource.Resource) (shutdownFn servicerunner.Service, err error) {
+	// If the env var OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER is empty, we set it to "none"
+	if os.Getenv("OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER") == "" {
+		os.Setenv("OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER", "none")
 	}
 
 	mr, err := autoexport.NewMetricReader(ctx)

backend/internal/bootstrap/router_bootstrap.go

@@ -2,183 +2,354 @@ package bootstrap
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify"
 	sloggin "github.com/gin-contrib/slog"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/italypaleale/francis/builtin/ratelimit"
+	"github.com/italypaleale/go-kit/servicerunner"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/github.com/gin-gonic/gin/otelgin"
-	"golang.org/x/time/rate"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/frontend"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/controller"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/middleware"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/tracing"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/systemd"
 )
 
 // This is used to register additional controllers for tests
 var registerTestControllers []func(apiGroup *gin.RouterGroup, db *gorm.DB, svc *services)
 
-func initRouter(db *gorm.DB, svc *services) utils.Service {
-	runner, err := initRouterInternal(db, svc)
+func initRouter(db *gorm.DB, svc *services, rateLimitServices map[string]*ratelimit.RateLimitService) (servicerunner.Service, error) {
+	r, err := initEngine()
 	if err != nil {
-		slog.Error("Failed to init router", "error", err)
-		os.Exit(1)
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	return runner
+	err = registerRoutes(r, db, svc, rateLimitServices)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	serverConfig, err := initServer(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	runFn := func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		return runServer(ctx, serverConfig)
+	}
+
+	return runFn, nil
 }
 
-func initRouterInternal(db *gorm.DB, svc *services) (utils.Service, error) {
-	// Set the appropriate Gin mode based on the environment
-	switch common.EnvConfig.AppEnv {
-	case "production":
-		gin.SetMode(gin.ReleaseMode)
-	case "development":
-		gin.SetMode(gin.DebugMode)
-	case "test":
-		gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
-	}
+type serverConfig struct {
+	addr         string
+	certProvider *tlsCertProvider
+	listener     net.Listener
+	server       *http.Server
+	tlsConfig    *tls.Config
+}
+
+func initEngine() (*gin.Engine, error) {
+	setGinMode()
 
 	r := gin.New()
 	initLogger(r)
+	configureEngine(r)
+	registerGlobalMiddleware(r)
 
+	return r, nil
+}
+
+func setGinMode() {
+	// Set the appropriate Gin mode based on the environment
+	switch common.EnvConfig.AppEnv {
+	case common.AppEnvProduction:
+		gin.SetMode(gin.ReleaseMode)
+	case common.AppEnvDevelopment:
+		gin.SetMode(gin.DebugMode)
+	case common.AppEnvTest:
+		gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	}
+}
+
+func configureEngine(r *gin.Engine) {
 	if !common.EnvConfig.TrustProxy {
 		_ = r.SetTrustedProxies(nil)
 	}
 
-	if common.EnvConfig.TracingEnabled {
-		r.Use(otelgin.Middleware(common.Name))
+	if common.EnvConfig.TrustedPlatform != "" {
+		r.TrustedPlatform = common.EnvConfig.TrustedPlatform
 	}
 
-	rateLimitMiddleware := middleware.NewRateLimitMiddleware().Add(rate.Every(time.Second), 60)
+	r.Use(otelgin.Middleware(
+		common.Name,
+		otelgin.WithFilter(shouldTraceRequest)),
+	)
+}
 
-	// Setup global middleware
+// shouldTraceRequest reports whether an incoming request should be traced.
+// It traces only requests handled by real backend routes (the API, the OIDC/OAuth endpoints, and the well-known documents).
+// Everything else falls through to the frontend NoRoute handler, which serves the SPA shell and static assets; tracing those would produce noisy, unparented spans named just "GET" with an empty http.route.
+func shouldTraceRequest(r *http.Request) bool {
+	p := r.URL.Path
+	switch {
+	case strings.HasPrefix(p, "/api/"),
+		strings.HasPrefix(p, "/.well-known/"),
+		p == "/authorize":
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func registerGlobalMiddleware(r *gin.Engine) {
+	r.Use(middleware.HeadMiddleware())
+	r.Use(middleware.NewCacheControlMiddleware().Add())
 	r.Use(middleware.NewCorsMiddleware().Add())
 	r.Use(middleware.NewCspMiddleware().Add())
 	r.Use(middleware.NewErrorHandlerMiddleware().Add())
+}
+
+func registerRoutes(r *gin.Engine, db *gorm.DB, svc *services, rateLimitServices map[string]*ratelimit.RateLimitService) error {
 
 	err := frontend.RegisterFrontend(r)
 	if errors.Is(err, frontend.ErrFrontendNotIncluded) {
 		slog.Warn("Frontend is not included in the build. Skipping frontend registration.")
 	} else if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to register frontend: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register frontend: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Initialize middleware for specific routes
-	authMiddleware := middleware.NewAuthMiddleware(svc.apiKeyService, svc.userService, svc.jwtService)
+	authMiddleware := middleware.NewAuthMiddleware(svc.apiKeyModule, svc.userService, svc.jwtService)
 	fileSizeLimitMiddleware := middleware.NewFileSizeLimitMiddleware()
+	rateLimitMiddleware := middleware.NewRateLimitMiddleware(rateLimitServices)
+	apiRateLimitMiddleware := rateLimitMiddleware.Add(middleware.RateLimitAPI)
 
-	// Set up API routes
-	apiGroup := r.Group("/api", rateLimitMiddleware)
-	controller.NewApiKeyController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, svc.apiKeyService)
-	controller.NewWebauthnController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, middleware.NewRateLimitMiddleware(), svc.webauthnService, svc.appConfigService)
-	controller.NewOidcController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, fileSizeLimitMiddleware, svc.oidcService, svc.jwtService)
-	controller.NewUserController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, middleware.NewRateLimitMiddleware(), svc.userService, svc.appConfigService)
+	apiGroup := r.Group("/api", apiRateLimitMiddleware)
+	baseGroup := r.Group("/", apiRateLimitMiddleware)
+
+	svc.apiKeyModule.RegisterRoutes(apiGroup,
+		authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(),
+		authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().WithApiKeyAuthDisabled().Add(),
+	)
+	svc.webauthnModule.RegisterRoutes(apiGroup,
+		authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(),
+		rateLimitMiddleware.Add(middleware.RateLimitWebauthnLogin),
+		rateLimitMiddleware.Add(middleware.RateLimitWebauthnReauthenticate),
+	)
+	controller.NewOidcController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, fileSizeLimitMiddleware, svc.oidcService)
+	controller.NewUserController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, rateLimitMiddleware, svc.userService, svc.oneTimeAccessService, svc.webauthnModule, svc.appConfigService)
 	controller.NewAppConfigController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, svc.appConfigService, svc.emailService, svc.ldapService)
 	controller.NewAppImagesController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, svc.appImagesService)
 	controller.NewAuditLogController(apiGroup, svc.auditLogService, authMiddleware)
 	controller.NewUserGroupController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, svc.userGroupService)
+	svc.apiModule.RegisterRoutes(apiGroup, authMiddleware.Add())
 	controller.NewCustomClaimController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, svc.customClaimService)
-	controller.NewVersionController(apiGroup, svc.versionService)
+	controller.NewVersionController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, svc.versionService)
+	controller.NewScimController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, svc.scimService)
+	svc.userSignUpModule.RegisterRoutes(apiGroup,
+		authMiddleware.Add(),
+		rateLimitMiddleware.Add(middleware.RateLimitSignup),
+	)
 
-	// Add test controller in non-production environments
-	if common.EnvConfig.AppEnv != "production" {
-		for _, f := range registerTestControllers {
-			f(apiGroup, db, svc)
-		}
-	}
+	optionalBrowserAuth := authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().WithSuccessOptional().WithApiKeyAuthDisabled().Add()
+	browserAuth := authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().WithApiKeyAuthDisabled().Add()
+	svc.oidcModule.RegisterRoutes(baseGroup, apiGroup, optionalBrowserAuth, browserAuth)
+
+	registerTestRoutes(apiGroup, db, svc)
 
-	// Set up base routes
-	baseGroup := r.Group("/", rateLimitMiddleware)
 	controller.NewWellKnownController(baseGroup, svc.jwtService)
 
-	// Set up healthcheck routes
-	// These are not rate-limited
+	// These are not rate-limited.
 	controller.NewHealthzController(r)
 
-	// Set up the server
-	srv := &http.Server{
+	// Receives OTLP trace payloads from the browser SPA (POST /internal/telemetry/traces) and forwards them to the collector, when trace export is enabled.
+	// Outside /api, so it's unauthenticated and not traced, but it is rate-limited.
+	tracing.NewTelemetryController(r, rateLimitMiddleware.Add(middleware.RateLimitInternal))
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func registerTestRoutes(apiGroup *gin.RouterGroup, db *gorm.DB, svc *services) {
+	if common.EnvConfig.AppEnv.IsProduction() {
+		return
+	}
+
+	for _, f := range registerTestControllers {
+		f(apiGroup, db, svc)
+	}
+}
+
+func initServer(r *gin.Engine) (*serverConfig, error) {
+	protocols, tlsConfig, certProvider, err := initServerProtocols()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var socketFn func() (*socket, error)
+	switch {
+	case common.EnvConfig.SystemdSocket:
+		socketFn = systemdSocket
+	case common.EnvConfig.UnixSocket != "":
+		socketFn = unixSocket
+	default:
+		socketFn = tcpSocket
+	}
+
+	socket, err := socketFn()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	addr := socket.addr
+	listener := socket.listener
+	server := newHTTPServer(r, protocols)
+
+	return &serverConfig{addr, certProvider, listener, server, tlsConfig}, nil
+}
+
+func initServerProtocols() (*http.Protocols, *tls.Config, *tlsCertProvider, error) {
+	protocols := new(http.Protocols)
+	protocols.SetHTTP1(true)
+
+	if common.EnvConfig.TLSCertFile == "" || common.EnvConfig.TLSKeyFile == "" {
+		protocols.SetUnencryptedHTTP2(true)
+		return protocols, nil, nil, nil
+	}
+
+	protocols.SetHTTP2(true)
+	certProvider, err := newCertProvider(common.EnvConfig.TLSCertFile, common.EnvConfig.TLSKeyFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load TLS certificate: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	tlsConfig := &tls.Config{
+		GetCertificate: certProvider.GetCertificate,
+		MinVersion:     tls.VersionTLS13,
+		NextProtos:     []string{"h2"},
+	}
+
+	slog.Info("TLS enabled")
+	return protocols, tlsConfig, certProvider, nil
+}
+
+func newHTTPServer(r *gin.Engine, protocols *http.Protocols) *http.Server {
+	return &http.Server{
 		MaxHeaderBytes:    1 << 20,
 		ReadHeaderTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
-		Handler:           r,
-	}
-
-	// Set up the listener
-	network := "tcp"
-	addr := net.JoinHostPort(common.EnvConfig.Host, common.EnvConfig.Port)
-	if common.EnvConfig.UnixSocket != "" {
-		network = "unix"
-		addr = common.EnvConfig.UnixSocket
-		os.Remove(addr) // remove dangling the socket file to avoid file-exist error
-	}
-
-	listener, err := net.Listen(network, addr) //nolint:noctx
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create %s listener: %w", network, err)
-	}
-
-	// Set the socket mode if using a Unix socket
-	if network == "unix" && common.EnvConfig.UnixSocketMode != "" {
-		mode, err := strconv.ParseUint(common.EnvConfig.UnixSocketMode, 8, 32)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse UNIX socket mode '%s': %w", common.EnvConfig.UnixSocketMode, err)
-		}
-
-		if err := os.Chmod(addr, os.FileMode(mode)); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to set UNIX socket mode '%s': %w", common.EnvConfig.UnixSocketMode, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Service runner function
-	runFn := func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		slog.Info("Server listening", slog.String("addr", addr))
-
-		// Start the server in a background goroutine
-		go func() {
-			defer listener.Close()
-
-			// Next call blocks until the server is shut down
-			srvErr := srv.Serve(listener)
-			if srvErr != http.ErrServerClosed {
-				slog.Error("Error starting app server", "error", srvErr)
-				os.Exit(1)
+		Protocols:         protocols,
+		Handler: http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
+			// HEAD requests don't get matched by Gin routes, so we convert them to GET
+			// middleware.HeadMiddleware will convert them back to HEAD later
+			if req.Method == http.MethodHead {
+				req.Method = http.MethodGet
+				ctx := context.WithValue(req.Context(), middleware.IsHeadRequestCtxKey{}, true)
+				req = req.WithContext(ctx)
 			}
-		}()
 
-		// Notify systemd that we are ready
-		err = systemd.SdNotifyReady()
-		if err != nil {
-			// Log the error only
-			slog.Warn("Unable to notify systemd that the service is ready", "error", err)
-		}
+			r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+		}),
+	}
+}
 
-		// Block until the context is canceled
-		<-ctx.Done()
+func runServer(ctx context.Context, config *serverConfig) error {
+	slog.Info("Server listening", slog.String("addr", config.addr), slog.Bool("tls", config.tlsConfig != nil))
 
-		// Handle graceful shutdown
-		// Note we use the background context here as ctx has been canceled already
-		shutdownCtx, shutdownCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
-		shutdownErr := srv.Shutdown(shutdownCtx) //nolint:contextcheck
-		shutdownCancel()
-		if shutdownErr != nil {
-			// Log the error only (could be context canceled)
-			slog.Warn("App server shutdown error", "error", shutdownErr)
-		}
+	certWatcher, err := startCertWatcher(ctx, config.certProvider)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer closeCertWatcher(certWatcher)
 
-		return nil
+	startHTTPServer(config)
+	notifySystemdReady()
+
+	<-ctx.Done()
+
+	// We do not pass the context because it's already been canceled
+	//nolint:contextcheck
+	return shutdownServer(config.server)
+}
+
+func startCertWatcher(ctx context.Context, certProvider *tlsCertProvider) (*fsnotify.Watcher, error) {
+	if certProvider == nil {
+		return nil, nil
 	}
 
-	return runFn, nil
+	certWatcher, err := fsnotify.NewWatcher()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create certificate watcher: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := certWatcher.Add(common.EnvConfig.TLSCertFile); err != nil {
+		certWatcher.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to watch TLS certificate: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := certWatcher.Add(common.EnvConfig.TLSKeyFile); err != nil {
+		certWatcher.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to watch TLS key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	go certProvider.StartWatching(ctx, certWatcher)
+	return certWatcher, nil
+}
+
+func closeCertWatcher(certWatcher *fsnotify.Watcher) {
+	if certWatcher != nil {
+		certWatcher.Close()
+	}
+}
+
+func startHTTPServer(config *serverConfig) {
+	go func() {
+		defer config.listener.Close()
+
+		listener := config.listener
+		if config.tlsConfig != nil {
+			listener = tls.NewListener(config.listener, config.tlsConfig)
+		}
+		srvErr := config.server.Serve(listener)
+
+		if srvErr != http.ErrServerClosed {
+			slog.Error("Error starting app server", "error", srvErr)
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+func notifySystemdReady() {
+	err := systemd.SdNotifyReady()
+	if err != nil {
+		// Log the error only
+		slog.Warn("Unable to notify systemd that the service is ready", "error", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func shutdownServer(srv *http.Server) error {
+	// Note we use the background context here as ctx has been canceled already
+	shutdownCtx, shutdownCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	shutdownErr := srv.Shutdown(shutdownCtx) //nolint:contextcheck
+	shutdownCancel()
+	if shutdownErr != nil {
+		// Log the error only (could be context canceled)
+		slog.Warn("App server shutdown error", "error", shutdownErr)
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 func initLogger(r *gin.Engine) {
@@ -186,6 +357,7 @@ func initLogger(r *gin.Engine) {
 		"GET /api/application-images/logo",
 		"GET /api/application-images/background",
 		"GET /api/application-images/favicon",
+		"GET /api/application-images/email",
 		"GET /_app",
 		"GET /fonts",
 		"GET /healthz",
@@ -206,3 +378,99 @@ func initLogger(r *gin.Engine) {
 		}),
 	))
 }
+
+// tlsCertProvider holds certificates that can be dynamically reloaded
+type tlsCertProvider struct {
+	certMutex   sync.RWMutex
+	cert        *tls.Certificate
+	certFile    string
+	keyFile     string
+	forceReload atomic.Bool
+}
+
+// GetCertificate implements tls.GetCertificate interface for dynamic certificate loading
+func (p *tlsCertProvider) GetCertificate(_ *tls.ClientHelloInfo) (*tls.Certificate, error) {
+	if p.forceReload.Load() {
+		p.certMutex.Lock()
+		p.forceReload.Store(false)
+		p.certMutex.Unlock()
+	}
+
+	p.certMutex.RLock()
+	defer p.certMutex.RUnlock()
+	return p.cert, nil
+}
+
+// newCertProvider creates a new certificate provider with initial certificates loaded
+func newCertProvider(certFile, keyFile string) (*tlsCertProvider, error) {
+	cert, err := tls.LoadX509KeyPair(certFile, keyFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &tlsCertProvider{
+		cert:     &cert,
+		certFile: certFile,
+		keyFile:  keyFile,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// reloadCertificate reloads the certificate from disk
+func (p *tlsCertProvider) reloadCertificate() error {
+	cert, err := tls.LoadX509KeyPair(p.certFile, p.keyFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to reload TLS certificate: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	p.certMutex.Lock()
+	p.cert = &cert
+	p.certMutex.Unlock()
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// StartWatching begins monitoring the certificate files for changes with debouncing
+func (p *tlsCertProvider) StartWatching(ctx context.Context, watcher *fsnotify.Watcher) {
+	debounceDuration := 1 * time.Second
+	reloadTimer := time.NewTimer(debounceDuration)
+	reloadTimer.Stop()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return
+		case event, ok := <-watcher.Events:
+			if !ok {
+				return
+			}
+			// Only process write/rename events for certificate/key files
+			if event.Has(fsnotify.Write | fsnotify.Rename) {
+				// Reset the debounce timer whenever we get a relevant event
+				reloadTimer.Stop()
+				// Drain the channel if there's a pending value
+				select {
+				case <-reloadTimer.C:
+				default:
+				}
+				reloadTimer.Reset(debounceDuration)
+				slog.Debug("TLS file change detected, debouncing", slog.String("path", event.Name))
+			}
+		case <-reloadTimer.C:
+			// Timer fired - no more events in 500ms, so reload
+			slog.Info("Reloading TLS certificate")
+
+			if err := p.reloadCertificate(); err != nil {
+				slog.Error("Failed to reload TLS certificate", "error", err)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			p.forceReload.Store(true)
+			slog.Info("TLS certificate reloaded successfully")
+		case err, ok := <-watcher.Errors:
+			if !ok {
+				return
+			}
+			slog.Error("Certificate watcher error", "error", err)
+		}
+	}
+}

backend/internal/bootstrap/scheduler_bootstrap.go

@@ -3,14 +3,13 @@ package bootstrap
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"net/http"
 
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/job"
 )
 
-func registerScheduledJobs(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, svc *services, httpClient *http.Client, scheduler *job.Scheduler) error {
+func registerScheduledJobs(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, svc *services, scheduler *job.Scheduler) error {
 	err := scheduler.RegisterLdapJobs(ctx, svc.ldapService, svc.appConfigService)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register LDAP jobs in scheduler: %w", err)
@@ -23,17 +22,13 @@ func registerScheduledJobs(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, svc *services, http
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register DB cleanup jobs in scheduler: %w", err)
 	}
-	err = scheduler.RegisterFileCleanupJobs(ctx, db)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register file cleanup jobs in scheduler: %w", err)
-	}
-	err = scheduler.RegisterApiKeyExpiryJob(ctx, svc.apiKeyService, svc.appConfigService)
+	err = scheduler.RegisterApiKeyExpiryJob(ctx, svc.apiKeyModule, svc.appConfigService, svc.emailService)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register API key expiration jobs in scheduler: %w", err)
 	}
-	err = scheduler.RegisterAnalyticsJob(ctx, svc.appConfigService, httpClient)
+	err = scheduler.RegisterScimJobs(ctx, svc.scimService)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register analytics job in scheduler: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register SCIM scheduler job: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return nil

backend/internal/bootstrap/services_bootstrap.go

@@ -5,30 +5,46 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/apikey"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/job"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/api"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/oidc"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/storage"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/usersignup"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/webauthn"
 )
 
 type services struct {
-	appConfigService   *service.AppConfigService
-	appImagesService   *service.AppImagesService
-	emailService       *service.EmailService
-	geoLiteService     *service.GeoLiteService
-	auditLogService    *service.AuditLogService
-	jwtService         *service.JwtService
-	webauthnService    *service.WebAuthnService
-	userService        *service.UserService
-	customClaimService *service.CustomClaimService
-	oidcService        *service.OidcService
-	userGroupService   *service.UserGroupService
-	ldapService        *service.LdapService
-	apiKeyService      *service.ApiKeyService
-	versionService     *service.VersionService
+	appConfigService     *service.AppConfigService
+	appImagesService     *service.AppImagesService
+	emailService         *service.EmailService
+	geoLiteService       *service.GeoLiteService
+	auditLogService      *service.AuditLogService
+	jwtService           *service.JwtService
+	scimService          *service.ScimService
+	userService          *service.UserService
+	customClaimService   *service.CustomClaimService
+	oidcService          *service.OidcService
+	userGroupService     *service.UserGroupService
+	ldapService          *service.LdapService
+	versionService       *service.VersionService
+	fileStorage          storage.FileStorage
+	appLockService       *service.AppLockService
+	oneTimeAccessService *service.OneTimeAccessService
+
+	apiKeyModule     *apikey.Module
+	oidcModule       *oidc.Module
+	webauthnModule   *webauthn.Module
+	userSignUpModule *usersignup.Module
+	apiModule        *api.Module
 }
 
 // Initializes all services
-func initServices(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, httpClient *http.Client, imageExtensions map[string]string) (svc *services, err error) {
+func initServices(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, httpClient *http.Client, imageExtensions map[string]string, fileStorage storage.FileStorage, scheduler *job.Scheduler) (svc *services, err error) {
 	svc = &services{}
 
 	svc.appConfigService, err = service.NewAppConfigService(ctx, db)
@@ -36,7 +52,9 @@ func initServices(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, httpClient *http.Client, ima
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create app config service: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	svc.appImagesService = service.NewAppImagesService(imageExtensions)
+	svc.fileStorage = fileStorage
+	svc.appImagesService = service.NewAppImagesService(imageExtensions, fileStorage)
+	svc.appLockService = service.NewAppLockService(db)
 
 	svc.emailService, err = service.NewEmailService(db, svc.appConfigService)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -45,26 +63,70 @@ func initServices(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, httpClient *http.Client, ima
 
 	svc.geoLiteService = service.NewGeoLiteService(httpClient)
 	svc.auditLogService = service.NewAuditLogService(db, svc.appConfigService, svc.emailService, svc.geoLiteService)
-	svc.jwtService, err = service.NewJwtService(db, svc.appConfigService)
+	svc.jwtService, err = service.NewJwtService(ctx, db, svc.appConfigService)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create JWT service: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	svc.customClaimService = service.NewCustomClaimService(db)
-	svc.webauthnService, err = service.NewWebAuthnService(db, svc.jwtService, svc.auditLogService, svc.appConfigService)
+	svc.webauthnModule, err = webauthn.New(webauthn.Dependencies{
+		DB:        db,
+		AppURL:    common.EnvConfig.AppURL,
+		Signer:    svc.jwtService,
+		AuditLog:  svc.auditLogService,
+		AppConfig: svc.appConfigService,
+	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create WebAuthn service: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create WebAuthn module: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	svc.oidcService, err = service.NewOidcService(ctx, db, svc.jwtService, svc.appConfigService, svc.auditLogService, svc.customClaimService, svc.webauthnService, httpClient)
+	svc.scimService = service.NewScimService(db, scheduler, httpClient)
+
+	svc.apiModule = api.New(api.Dependencies{DB: db, Issuer: common.EnvConfig.AppURL})
+
+	svc.oidcModule, err = oidc.New(ctx, oidc.Dependencies{
+		DB:         db,
+		HTTPClient: httpClient,
+		Config: oidc.Config{
+			BaseURL:      common.EnvConfig.AppURL,
+			TokenBaseURL: common.EnvConfig.AppURL,
+			Secret:       common.EnvConfig.EncryptionKey,
+		},
+		Signer:       svc.jwtService,
+		CustomClaims: svc.customClaimService,
+		Reauth:       svc.webauthnModule,
+		AuditLog:     svc.auditLogService,
+		APIAccess:    svc.apiModule,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create OIDC module: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	svc.oidcService, err = service.NewOidcService(db, svc.jwtService, svc.appConfigService, svc.oidcModule.Preview, svc.scimService, httpClient, fileStorage)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create OIDC service: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	svc.userGroupService = service.NewUserGroupService(db, svc.appConfigService)
-	svc.userService = service.NewUserService(db, svc.jwtService, svc.auditLogService, svc.emailService, svc.appConfigService, svc.customClaimService, svc.appImagesService)
-	svc.ldapService = service.NewLdapService(db, httpClient, svc.appConfigService, svc.userService, svc.userGroupService)
-	svc.apiKeyService = service.NewApiKeyService(db, svc.emailService)
+	svc.userGroupService = service.NewUserGroupService(db, svc.appConfigService, svc.scimService)
+	svc.userService = service.NewUserService(db, svc.jwtService, svc.auditLogService, svc.emailService, svc.appConfigService, svc.customClaimService, svc.appImagesService, svc.scimService, fileStorage)
+	svc.ldapService = service.NewLdapService(db, httpClient, svc.appConfigService, svc.userService, svc.userGroupService, fileStorage)
+
+	svc.apiKeyModule, err = apikey.New(ctx, apikey.Dependencies{
+		DB:           db,
+		StaticApiKey: common.EnvConfig.StaticApiKey,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create API key module: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	svc.userSignUpModule = usersignup.New(usersignup.Dependencies{
+		DB:          db,
+		Signer:      svc.jwtService,
+		AuditLog:    svc.auditLogService,
+		AppConfig:   svc.appConfigService,
+		UserCreator: svc.userService,
+	})
+	svc.oneTimeAccessService = service.NewOneTimeAccessService(db, svc.userService, svc.jwtService, svc.auditLogService, svc.emailService, svc.appConfigService)
 
 	svc.versionService = service.NewVersionService(httpClient)
 

backend/internal/bootstrap/socket.go

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package bootstrap
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+)
+
+type socket struct {
+	addr     string
+	listener net.Listener
+}
+
+func unixSocket() (*socket, error) {
+	addr := common.EnvConfig.UnixSocket
+	os.Remove(addr) // remove dangling the socket file to avoid file-exist error
+
+	listener, err := net.Listen("unix", addr) //nolint:noctx
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create UNIX socket: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if common.EnvConfig.UnixSocketMode != "" {
+		mode, err := strconv.ParseUint(common.EnvConfig.UnixSocketMode, 8, 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			listener.Close()
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse UNIX socket mode '%s': %w", common.EnvConfig.UnixSocketMode, err)
+		}
+
+		if err := os.Chmod(addr, os.FileMode(mode)); err != nil {
+			listener.Close()
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to set UNIX socket mode '%s': %w", common.EnvConfig.UnixSocketMode, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &socket{addr, listener}, nil
+}
+
+func tcpSocket() (*socket, error) {
+	addr := net.JoinHostPort(common.EnvConfig.Host, common.EnvConfig.Port)
+
+	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", addr) //nolint:noctx
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create TCP socket: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return &socket{addr, listener}, nil
+}

backend/internal/bootstrap/systemd_socket_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package bootstrap
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/go-systemd/activation"
+)
+
+func systemdSocket() (*socket, error) {
+	listeners, err := activation.Listeners()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to receive socket from systemd: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(listeners) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("did not receive any sockets from systemd")
+	}
+
+	if len(listeners) > 1 {
+		return nil, errors.New("received too many sockets from systemd")
+	}
+
+	return &socket{"(systemd)", listeners[0]}, nil
+}

backend/internal/bootstrap/systemd_socket_nonlinux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//go:build !linux
+
+package bootstrap
+
+import "errors"
+
+func systemdSocket() (*socket, error) {
+	return nil, errors.New("systemd socket activation is only supported on Linux")
+}

backend/internal/cmds/encryption_key_rotate.go

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+package cmds
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/bootstrap"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+	jwkutils "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/jwk"
+)
+
+type encryptionKeyRotateFlags struct {
+	NewKey string
+	Yes    bool
+}
+
+func init() {
+	var flags encryptionKeyRotateFlags
+
+	encryptionKeyRotateCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "encryption-key-rotate",
+		Short: "Re-encrypts data using a new encryption key",
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			db, _, err := bootstrap.NewDatabase(cmd.Context())
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			return encryptionKeyRotate(cmd.Context(), flags, db, &common.EnvConfig)
+		},
+	}
+
+	encryptionKeyRotateCmd.Flags().StringVar(&flags.NewKey, "new-key", "", "New encryption key to re-encrypt data with")
+	encryptionKeyRotateCmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&flags.Yes, "yes", "y", false, "Do not prompt for confirmation")
+
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(encryptionKeyRotateCmd)
+}
+
+func encryptionKeyRotate(ctx context.Context, flags encryptionKeyRotateFlags, db *gorm.DB, envConfig *common.EnvConfigSchema) error {
+	oldKey := envConfig.EncryptionKey
+	newKey := []byte(flags.NewKey)
+	if len(newKey) == 0 {
+		return errors.New("new encryption key is required (--new-key)")
+	}
+	if len(newKey) < 16 {
+		return errors.New("new encryption key must be at least 16 bytes long")
+	}
+
+	if !flags.Yes {
+		fmt.Println("WARNING: Rotating the encryption key will re-encrypt secrets in the database. Pocket-ID must be restarted with the new ENCRYPTION_KEY after rotation is complete.")
+		ok, err := utils.PromptForConfirmation("Continue")
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if !ok {
+			fmt.Println("Aborted")
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+	}
+
+	appConfigService, err := service.NewAppConfigService(ctx, db)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create app config service: %w", err)
+	}
+	instanceID := appConfigService.GetDbConfig().InstanceID.Value
+
+	// Derive the encryption keys used for the JWK encryption
+	oldKek, err := jwkutils.LoadKeyEncryptionKey(&common.EnvConfigSchema{EncryptionKey: oldKey}, instanceID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to derive old key encryption key: %w", err)
+	}
+	newKek, err := jwkutils.LoadKeyEncryptionKey(&common.EnvConfigSchema{EncryptionKey: newKey}, instanceID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to derive new key encryption key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Derive the encryption keys used for EncryptedString fields
+	oldEncKey, err := datatype.DeriveEncryptedStringKey(oldKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to derive old encrypted string key: %w", err)
+	}
+	newEncKey, err := datatype.DeriveEncryptedStringKey(newKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to derive new encrypted string key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	err = db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		err = rotateSigningKeyEncryption(ctx, tx, oldKek, newKek)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		err = rotateScimTokens(tx, oldEncKey, newEncKey)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println("Encryption key rotation completed successfully.")
+	fmt.Println("Restart pocket-id with the new ENCRYPTION_KEY to use the rotated data.")
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func rotateSigningKeyEncryption(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, oldKek []byte, newKek []byte) error {
+	oldProvider := &jwkutils.KeyProviderDatabase{}
+	err := oldProvider.Init(jwkutils.KeyProviderOpts{
+		DB:  db,
+		Kek: oldKek,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to init key provider with old encryption key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	key, err := oldProvider.LoadKey(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load signing key using old encryption key: %w", err)
+	}
+	if key == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	newProvider := &jwkutils.KeyProviderDatabase{}
+	err = newProvider.Init(jwkutils.KeyProviderOpts{
+		DB:  db,
+		Kek: newKek,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to init key provider with new encryption key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := newProvider.SaveKey(ctx, key); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to store signing key with new encryption key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+type scimTokenRow struct {
+	ID    string
+	Token string
+}
+
+func rotateScimTokens(db *gorm.DB, oldEncKey []byte, newEncKey []byte) error {
+	var rows []scimTokenRow
+	err := db.Model(&model.ScimServiceProvider{}).Select("id, token").Scan(&rows).Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to list SCIM service providers: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, row := range rows {
+		if row.Token == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		decBytes, err := datatype.DecryptEncryptedStringWithKey(oldEncKey, row.Token)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to decrypt SCIM token for provider %s: %w", row.ID, err)
+		}
+
+		encValue, err := datatype.EncryptEncryptedStringWithKey(newEncKey, decBytes)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to encrypt SCIM token for provider %s: %w", row.ID, err)
+		}
+
+		err = db.Model(&model.ScimServiceProvider{}).Where("id = ?", row.ID).Update("token", encValue).Error
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to update SCIM token for provider %s: %w", row.ID, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

backend/internal/cmds/encryption_key_rotate_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package cmds
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
+	jwkutils "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/jwk"
+	testingutils "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/testing"
+)
+
+func TestEncryptionKeyRotate(t *testing.T) {
+	oldKey := []byte("old-encryption-key-123456")
+	newKey := []byte("new-encryption-key-654321")
+
+	envConfig := &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+		EncryptionKey: oldKey,
+	}
+
+	db := testingutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+
+	appConfigService, err := service.NewAppConfigService(t.Context(), db)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	instanceID := appConfigService.GetDbConfig().InstanceID.Value
+
+	oldKek, err := jwkutils.LoadKeyEncryptionKey(envConfig, instanceID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	oldProvider := &jwkutils.KeyProviderDatabase{}
+	require.NoError(t, oldProvider.Init(jwkutils.KeyProviderOpts{
+		DB:  db,
+		Kek: oldKek,
+	}))
+
+	signingKey, err := jwkutils.GenerateKey("RS256", "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, oldProvider.SaveKey(t.Context(), signingKey))
+
+	oldEncKey, err := datatype.DeriveEncryptedStringKey(oldKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	encToken, err := datatype.EncryptEncryptedStringWithKey(oldEncKey, []byte("scim-token-123"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = db.Exec(
+		`INSERT INTO scim_service_providers (id, created_at, endpoint, token, oidc_client_id) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)`,
+		"scim-1",
+		time.Now(),
+		"https://example.com/scim",
+		encToken,
+		"client-1",
+	).Error
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	flags := encryptionKeyRotateFlags{
+		NewKey: string(newKey),
+		Yes:    true,
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, encryptionKeyRotate(t.Context(), flags, db, envConfig))
+
+	newKek, err := jwkutils.LoadKeyEncryptionKey(&common.EnvConfigSchema{EncryptionKey: newKey}, instanceID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	newProvider := &jwkutils.KeyProviderDatabase{}
+	require.NoError(t, newProvider.Init(jwkutils.KeyProviderOpts{
+		DB:  db,
+		Kek: newKek,
+	}))
+
+	rotatedKey, err := newProvider.LoadKey(t.Context())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, rotatedKey)
+
+	var storedToken string
+	err = db.Model(&model.ScimServiceProvider{}).Where("id = ?", "scim-1").Pluck("token", &storedToken).Error
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	newEncKey, err := datatype.DeriveEncryptedStringKey(newKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	decBytes, err := datatype.DecryptEncryptedStringWithKey(newEncKey, storedToken)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "scim-token-123", string(decBytes))
+}

backend/internal/cmds/export.go

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package cmds
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/bootstrap"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type exportFlags struct {
+	Path string
+}
+
+func init() {
+	var flags exportFlags
+
+	exportCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "export",
+		Short: "Exports all data of Pocket ID into a ZIP file",
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			return runExport(cmd.Context(), flags)
+		},
+	}
+
+	exportCmd.Flags().StringVarP(&flags.Path, "path", "p", "pocket-id-export.zip", "Path to the ZIP file to export the data to, or '-' to write to stdout")
+
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(exportCmd)
+}
+
+// runExport orchestrates the export flow
+func runExport(ctx context.Context, flags exportFlags) error {
+	db, _, err := bootstrap.NewDatabase(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to database: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	storage, err := bootstrap.InitStorage(ctx, db)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize storage: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	exportService := service.NewExportService(db, storage)
+
+	var w io.Writer
+	if flags.Path == "-" {
+		w = os.Stdout
+	} else {
+		file, err := os.Create(flags.Path)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create export file: %w", err)
+		}
+		defer file.Close()
+
+		w = file
+	}
+
+	if err := exportService.ExportToZip(ctx, w); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to export data: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if flags.Path != "-" {
+		fmt.Printf("Exported data to %s\n", flags.Path)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

backend/internal/cmds/healthcheck.go

@@ -2,9 +2,12 @@ package cmds
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
+	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
+	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
@@ -13,8 +16,14 @@ import (
 )
 
 type healthcheckFlags struct {
-	Endpoint string
-	Verbose  bool
+	Endpoint   string
+	UnixSocket string
+	Verbose    bool
+}
+
+type healthcheckResult struct {
+	StatusCode int
+	URL        string
 }
 
 func init() {
@@ -29,47 +38,26 @@ func init() {
 			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(cmd.Context(), 5*time.Second)
 			defer cancel()
 
-			url := flags.Endpoint + "/healthz"
-			req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
+			if flags.UnixSocket == "" && !cmd.Flags().Changed("endpoint") {
+				flags.UnixSocket = common.EnvConfig.UnixSocket
+			}
+
+			result, err := healthcheck(ctx, flags)
 			if err != nil {
 				slog.ErrorContext(ctx,
-					"Failed to create request object",
+					"Healthcheck failed",
 					"error", err,
-					"url", url,
 					"ms", time.Since(start).Milliseconds(),
 				)
 				os.Exit(1)
 			}
 
-			res, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
-			if err != nil {
-				slog.ErrorContext(ctx,
-					"Failed to perform request",
-					"error", err,
-					"url", url,
-					"ms", time.Since(start).Milliseconds(),
-				)
-				os.Exit(1)
-			}
-			defer res.Body.Close()
-
-			if res.StatusCode < 200 || res.StatusCode >= 300 {
-				if err != nil {
-					slog.ErrorContext(ctx,
-						"Healthcheck failed",
-						"status", res.StatusCode,
-						"url", url,
-						"ms", time.Since(start).Milliseconds(),
-					)
-					os.Exit(1)
-				}
-			}
-
 			if flags.Verbose {
 				slog.InfoContext(ctx,
 					"Healthcheck succeeded",
-					"status", res.StatusCode,
-					"url", url,
+					"status", result.StatusCode,
+					"url", result.URL,
+					"unixSocket", flags.UnixSocket,
 					"ms", time.Since(start).Milliseconds(),
 				)
 			}
@@ -77,7 +65,42 @@ func init() {
 	}
 
 	healthcheckCmd.Flags().StringVarP(&flags.Endpoint, "endpoint", "e", "http://localhost:"+common.EnvConfig.Port, "Endpoint for Pocket ID")
+	healthcheckCmd.Flags().StringVar(&flags.UnixSocket, "unix-socket", "", "UNIX socket path for Pocket ID")
 	healthcheckCmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&flags.Verbose, "verbose", "v", false, "Enable verbose mode")
 
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(healthcheckCmd)
 }
+
+func healthcheck(ctx context.Context, flags healthcheckFlags) (*healthcheckResult, error) {
+	url := strings.TrimRight(flags.Endpoint, "/") + "/healthz"
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create request object for %q: %w", url, err)
+	}
+
+	client := http.DefaultClient
+	if flags.UnixSocket != "" {
+		transport := http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport).Clone()
+		transport.Proxy = nil
+		transport.DialContext = func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
+			dialer := net.Dialer{}
+			return dialer.DialContext(ctx, "unix", flags.UnixSocket)
+		}
+		client = &http.Client{Transport: transport}
+	}
+
+	res, err := client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to perform request to %q: %w", url, err)
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+
+	if res.StatusCode < 200 || res.StatusCode >= 300 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected status %d from %q", res.StatusCode, url)
+	}
+
+	return &healthcheckResult{
+		StatusCode: res.StatusCode,
+		URL:        url,
+	}, nil
+}

backend/internal/cmds/healthcheck_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+package cmds
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestHealthcheckTCPSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		assert.Equal(t, "/healthz", r.URL.Path)
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	result, err := healthcheck(t.Context(), healthcheckFlags{
+		Endpoint: server.URL,
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusNoContent, result.StatusCode)
+	require.Equal(t, server.URL+"/healthz", result.URL)
+}
+
+func TestHealthcheckFailsOnUnexpectedStatus(t *testing.T) {
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	_, err := healthcheck(t.Context(), healthcheckFlags{
+		Endpoint: server.URL,
+	})
+
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "unexpected status 500")
+}
+
+func TestHealthcheckUnixSocket(t *testing.T) {
+	socketPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "pocket-id.sock")
+	listener, err := (&net.ListenConfig{}).Listen(t.Context(), "unix", socketPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	server := &http.Server{
+		Handler: http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "/healthz", r.URL.Path)
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
+		}),
+		ReadHeaderTimeout: time.Second,
+	}
+
+	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		errCh <- server.Serve(listener)
+	}()
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
+		defer cancel()
+		require.NoError(t, server.Shutdown(ctx))
+		require.ErrorIs(t, <-errCh, http.ErrServerClosed)
+	})
+
+	result, err := healthcheck(t.Context(), healthcheckFlags{
+		Endpoint:   "http://localhost:1411",
+		UnixSocket: socketPath,
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusNoContent, result.StatusCode)
+	require.Equal(t, "http://localhost:1411/healthz", result.URL)
+}

backend/internal/cmds/import.go

@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+package cmds
+
+import (
+	"archive/zip"
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/bootstrap"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+)
+
+type importFlags struct {
+	Path                  string
+	Yes                   bool
+	ForcefullyAcquireLock bool
+}
+
+func init() {
+	var flags importFlags
+
+	importCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "import",
+		Short: "Imports all data of Pocket ID from a ZIP file",
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			return runImport(cmd.Context(), flags)
+		},
+	}
+
+	importCmd.Flags().StringVarP(&flags.Path, "path", "p", "pocket-id-export.zip", "Path to the ZIP file to import the data from, or '-' to read from stdin")
+	importCmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&flags.Yes, "yes", "y", false, "Skip confirmation prompts")
+	importCmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&flags.ForcefullyAcquireLock, "forcefully-acquire-lock", "", false, "Forcefully acquire the application lock by terminating the Pocket ID instance")
+
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(importCmd)
+}
+
+// runImport handles the high-level orchestration of the import process
+func runImport(ctx context.Context, flags importFlags) error {
+	if !flags.Yes {
+		ok, err := askForConfirmation()
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get confirmation: %w", err)
+		}
+		if !ok {
+			fmt.Println("Aborted")
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+	}
+
+	var (
+		zipReader *zip.ReadCloser
+		cleanup   func()
+		err       error
+	)
+
+	if flags.Path == "-" {
+		zipReader, cleanup, err = readZipFromStdin()
+		defer cleanup()
+	} else {
+		zipReader, err = zip.OpenReader(flags.Path)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to open zip: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer zipReader.Close()
+
+	db, _, err := bootstrap.ConnectDatabase(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	err = acquireImportLock(ctx, db, flags.ForcefullyAcquireLock)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	storage, err := bootstrap.InitStorage(ctx, db)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize storage: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	importService := service.NewImportService(db, storage)
+	err = importService.ImportFromZip(ctx, &zipReader.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to import data from zip: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println("Import completed successfully.")
+	return nil
+}
+
+func acquireImportLock(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, force bool) error {
+	// Check if the kv table exists, in case we are starting from an empty database
+	exists, err := utils.DBTableExists(db, "kv")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to check if kv table exists: %w", err)
+	}
+	if !exists {
+		// This either means the database is empty, or the import is into an old version of PocketID that doesn't support locks
+		// In either case, there's no lock to acquire
+		fmt.Println("Could not acquire a lock because the 'kv' table does not exist. This is fine if you're importing into a new database, but make sure that there isn't an instance of Pocket ID currently running and using the same database.")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Note that we do not call a deferred Release if the data was imported
+	// This is because we are overriding the contents of the database, so the lock is automatically lost
+	appLockService := service.NewAppLockService(db)
+
+	opCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 30*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	waitUntil, err := appLockService.Acquire(opCtx, force)
+	if errors.Is(err, service.ErrLockUnavailable) {
+		//nolint:staticcheck
+		return errors.New("Pocket ID must be stopped before importing data; please stop the running instance or run with --forcefully-acquire-lock to terminate the other instance")
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to acquire application lock: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	case <-time.After(time.Until(waitUntil)):
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func askForConfirmation() (bool, error) {
+	fmt.Println("WARNING: This feature is experimental and may not work correctly. Please create a backup before proceeding and report any issues you encounter.")
+	fmt.Println()
+	fmt.Println("WARNING: Import will erase all existing data at the following locations:")
+	fmt.Printf("Database:      %s\n", absolutePathOrOriginal(common.EnvConfig.DbConnectionString))
+	fmt.Printf("Uploads Path:  %s\n", absolutePathOrOriginal(common.EnvConfig.UploadPath))
+
+	ok, err := utils.PromptForConfirmation("Do you want to continue?")
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	return ok, nil
+}
+
+// absolutePathOrOriginal returns the absolute path of the given path, or the original if it fails
+func absolutePathOrOriginal(path string) string {
+	abs, err := filepath.Abs(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return path
+	}
+	return abs
+}
+
+func readZipFromStdin() (*zip.ReadCloser, func(), error) {
+	tmpFile, err := os.CreateTemp("", "pocket-id-import-*.zip")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create temporary file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	cleanup := func() {
+		_ = os.Remove(tmpFile.Name())
+	}
+
+	if _, err := io.Copy(tmpFile, os.Stdin); err != nil {
+		tmpFile.Close()
+		cleanup()
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read data from stdin: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := tmpFile.Close(); err != nil {
+		cleanup()
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to close temporary file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	r, err := zip.OpenReader(tmpFile.Name())
+	if err != nil {
+		cleanup()
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	return r, cleanup, nil
+}

backend/internal/cmds/key_rotate.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"os"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3/jwa"
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ func init() {
 		Use:   "key-rotate",
 		Short: "Generates a new token signing key and replaces the current one",
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			db, err := bootstrap.NewDatabase()
+			db, _, err := bootstrap.NewDatabase(cmd.Context())
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ func keyRotate(ctx context.Context, flags keyRotateFlags, db *gorm.DB, envConfig
 		}
 		if !ok {
 			fmt.Println("Aborted")
-			return nil
+			os.Exit(1)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ func keyRotate(ctx context.Context, flags keyRotateFlags, db *gorm.DB, envConfig
 	}
 
 	// Save the key
-	err = keyProvider.SaveKey(key)
+	err = keyProvider.SaveKey(ctx, key)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to store new key: %w", err)
 	}

backend/internal/cmds/key_rotate_test.go

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 package cmds
 
 import (
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -69,78 +67,14 @@ func TestKeyRotate(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Run("file storage", func(t *testing.T) {
-				testKeyRotateWithFileStorage(t, tt.flags, tt.wantErr, tt.errMsg)
-			})
-
-			t.Run("database storage", func(t *testing.T) {
-				testKeyRotateWithDatabaseStorage(t, tt.flags, tt.wantErr, tt.errMsg)
-			})
+			testKeyRotateWithDatabaseStorage(t, tt.flags, tt.wantErr, tt.errMsg)
 		})
 	}
 }
 
-func testKeyRotateWithFileStorage(t *testing.T, flags keyRotateFlags, wantErr bool, errMsg string) {
-	// Create temporary directory for keys
-	tempDir := t.TempDir()
-	keysPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "keys")
-	err := os.MkdirAll(keysPath, 0755)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	// Set up file storage config
-	envConfig := &common.EnvConfigSchema{
-		KeysStorage: "file",
-		KeysPath:    keysPath,
-	}
-
-	// Create test database
-	db := testingutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
-
-	// Initialize app config service and create instance
-	appConfigService, err := service.NewAppConfigService(t.Context(), db)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	instanceID := appConfigService.GetDbConfig().InstanceID.Value
-
-	// Check if key exists before rotation
-	keyProvider, err := jwkutils.GetKeyProvider(db, envConfig, instanceID)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	// Run the key rotation
-	err = keyRotate(t.Context(), flags, db, envConfig)
-
-	if wantErr {
-		require.Error(t, err)
-		if errMsg != "" {
-			require.ErrorContains(t, err, errMsg)
-		}
-		return
-	}
-
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	// Verify key was created
-	key, err := keyProvider.LoadKey()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, key)
-
-	// Verify the algorithm matches what we requested
-	alg, _ := key.Algorithm()
-	assert.NotEmpty(t, alg)
-	if flags.Alg != "" {
-		expectedAlg := flags.Alg
-		if expectedAlg == "EdDSA" {
-			// EdDSA keys should have the EdDSA algorithm
-			assert.Equal(t, "EdDSA", alg.String())
-		} else {
-			assert.Equal(t, expectedAlg, alg.String())
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func testKeyRotateWithDatabaseStorage(t *testing.T, flags keyRotateFlags, wantErr bool, errMsg string) {
 	// Set up database storage config
 	envConfig := &common.EnvConfigSchema{
-		KeysStorage:   "database",
 		EncryptionKey: []byte("test-encryption-key-characters-long"),
 	}
 
@@ -170,7 +104,7 @@ func testKeyRotateWithDatabaseStorage(t *testing.T, flags keyRotateFlags, wantEr
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Verify key was created
-	key, err := keyProvider.LoadKey()
+	key, err := keyProvider.LoadKey(t.Context())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotNil(t, key)
 

backend/internal/cmds/one_time_access_token.go

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ var oneTimeAccessTokenCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		userArg := args[0]
 
 		// Connect to the database
-		db, err := bootstrap.NewDatabase()
+		db, _, err := bootstrap.NewDatabase(cmd.Context())
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ var oneTimeAccessTokenCmd = &cobra.Command{
 			}
 
 			// Create a new access token that expires in 1 hour
-			oneTimeAccessToken, txErr = service.NewOneTimeAccessToken(user.ID, time.Hour)
+			oneTimeAccessToken, txErr = service.NewOneTimeAccessToken(user.ID, time.Hour, false)
 			if txErr != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("failed to generate access token: %w", txErr)
 			}

backend/internal/cmds/root.go

@@ -5,16 +5,17 @@ import (
 	"log/slog"
 	"os"
 
+	"github.com/italypaleale/go-kit/signals"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/bootstrap"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/signals"
 )
 
 var rootCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "pocket-id",
-	Short: "A simple and easy-to-use OIDC provider that allows users to authenticate with their passkeys to your services.",
-	Long:  "By default, this command starts the pocket-id server.",
+	Use:          "pocket-id",
+	Short:        "A simple and easy-to-use OIDC provider that allows users to authenticate with their passkeys to your services.",
+	Long:         "By default, this command starts the pocket-id server.",
+	SilenceUsage: true,
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		// Start the server
 		err := bootstrap.Bootstrap(cmd.Context())

backend/internal/common/claims.go

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package common
+
+// AuthenticationMethodsClaim is the JWT claim ("amr") used to identify how the user
+// authenticated. It is shared between the session JWTs and the OIDC tokens.
+const AuthenticationMethodsClaim = "amr"
+
+// TokenTypeClaim is the JWT claim ("type") used to identify the type of token.
+const TokenTypeClaim = "type"

backend/internal/common/env_config.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 	_ "github.com/joho/godotenv/autoload"
 )
 
+type AppEnv string
 type DbProvider string
 
 const (
@@ -25,39 +26,63 @@ const (
 )
 
 const (
+	AppEnvProduction        AppEnv     = "production"
+	AppEnvDevelopment       AppEnv     = "development"
+	AppEnvTest              AppEnv     = "test"
 	DbProviderSqlite        DbProvider = "sqlite"
 	DbProviderPostgres      DbProvider = "postgres"
 	MaxMindGeoLiteCityUrl   string     = "https://download.maxmind.com/app/geoip_download?edition_id=GeoLite2-City&license_key=%s&suffix=tar.gz"
 	defaultSqliteConnString string     = "data/pocket-id.db"
+	defaultFsUploadPath     string     = "data/uploads"
 	AppUrl                  string     = "http://localhost:1411"
 )
 
 type EnvConfigSchema struct {
-	AppEnv             string     `env:"APP_ENV" options:"toLower"`
-	LogLevel           string     `env:"LOG_LEVEL" options:"toLower"`
-	AppURL             string     `env:"APP_URL" options:"toLower,trimTrailingSlash"`
-	DbProvider         DbProvider `env:"DB_PROVIDER" options:"toLower"`
-	DbConnectionString string     `env:"DB_CONNECTION_STRING" options:"file"`
-	UploadPath         string     `env:"UPLOAD_PATH"`
-	KeysPath           string     `env:"KEYS_PATH"`
-	KeysStorage        string     `env:"KEYS_STORAGE"`
-	EncryptionKey      []byte     `env:"ENCRYPTION_KEY" options:"file"`
-	Port               string     `env:"PORT"`
-	Host               string     `env:"HOST" options:"toLower"`
-	UnixSocket         string     `env:"UNIX_SOCKET"`
-	UnixSocketMode     string     `env:"UNIX_SOCKET_MODE"`
-	MaxMindLicenseKey  string     `env:"MAXMIND_LICENSE_KEY" options:"file"`
-	GeoLiteDBPath      string     `env:"GEOLITE_DB_PATH"`
-	GeoLiteDBUrl       string     `env:"GEOLITE_DB_URL"`
-	LocalIPv6Ranges    string     `env:"LOCAL_IPV6_RANGES"`
-	UiConfigDisabled   bool       `env:"UI_CONFIG_DISABLED"`
-	MetricsEnabled     bool       `env:"METRICS_ENABLED"`
-	TracingEnabled     bool       `env:"TRACING_ENABLED"`
-	LogJSON            bool       `env:"LOG_JSON"`
-	TrustProxy         bool       `env:"TRUST_PROXY"`
-	AnalyticsDisabled  bool       `env:"ANALYTICS_DISABLED"`
-	AllowDowngrade     bool       `env:"ALLOW_DOWNGRADE"`
-	InternalAppURL     string     `env:"INTERNAL_APP_URL"`
+	AppEnv                AppEnv `env:"APP_ENV" options:"toLower"`
+	EncryptionKey         []byte `env:"ENCRYPTION_KEY" options:"file"`
+	AppURL                string `env:"APP_URL" options:"toLower,trimTrailingSlash"`
+	DbProvider            DbProvider
+	DbConnectionString    string `env:"DB_CONNECTION_STRING" options:"file"`
+	TrustProxy            bool   `env:"TRUST_PROXY"`
+	TrustedPlatform       string `env:"TRUSTED_PLATFORM"`
+	AuditLogRetentionDays int    `env:"AUDIT_LOG_RETENTION_DAYS"`
+	AnalyticsDisabled     bool   `env:"ANALYTICS_DISABLED"`
+	AllowDowngrade        bool   `env:"ALLOW_DOWNGRADE"`
+	InternalAppURL        string `env:"INTERNAL_APP_URL"`
+	UiConfigDisabled      bool   `env:"UI_CONFIG_DISABLED"`
+	DisableRateLimiting   bool   `env:"DISABLE_RATE_LIMITING"`
+	VersionCheckDisabled  bool   `env:"VERSION_CHECK_DISABLED"`
+	StaticApiKey          string `env:"STATIC_API_KEY" options:"file"`
+
+	FileBackend                     string `env:"FILE_BACKEND" options:"toLower"`
+	UploadPath                      string `env:"UPLOAD_PATH"`
+	S3Bucket                        string `env:"S3_BUCKET"`
+	S3Region                        string `env:"S3_REGION"`
+	S3Endpoint                      string `env:"S3_ENDPOINT"`
+	S3AccessKeyID                   string `env:"S3_ACCESS_KEY_ID"`
+	S3SecretAccessKey               string `env:"S3_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY" options:"file"`
+	S3ForcePathStyle                bool   `env:"S3_FORCE_PATH_STYLE"`
+	S3DisableDefaultIntegrityChecks bool   `env:"S3_DISABLE_DEFAULT_INTEGRITY_CHECKS"`
+
+	Port            string `env:"PORT"`
+	Host            string `env:"HOST" options:"toLower"`
+	UnixSocket      string `env:"UNIX_SOCKET"`
+	UnixSocketMode  string `env:"UNIX_SOCKET_MODE"`
+	SystemdSocket   bool   `env:"SYSTEMD_SOCKET"`
+	LocalIPv6Ranges string `env:"LOCAL_IPV6_RANGES"`
+
+	TLSCertFile string `env:"TLS_CERT" options:"file"`
+	TLSKeyFile  string `env:"TLS_KEY" options:"file"`
+
+	MaxMindLicenseKey string `env:"MAXMIND_LICENSE_KEY" options:"file"`
+	GeoLiteDBPath     string `env:"GEOLITE_DB_PATH"`
+	GeoLiteDBUrl      string `env:"GEOLITE_DB_URL"`
+
+	ActorsPort string `env:"ACTORS_PORT"`
+	ActorsHost string `env:"ACTORS_HOST" options:"toLower"`
+
+	LogLevel string `env:"LOG_LEVEL" options:"toLower"`
+	LogJSON  bool   `env:"LOG_JSON"`
 }
 
 var EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
@@ -72,36 +97,24 @@ func init() {
 
 func defaultConfig() EnvConfigSchema {
 	return EnvConfigSchema{
-		AppEnv:             "production",
-		LogLevel:           "info",
-		DbProvider:         "sqlite",
-		DbConnectionString: "",
-		UploadPath:         "data/uploads",
-		KeysPath:           "data/keys",
-		KeysStorage:        "", // "database" or "file"
-		EncryptionKey:      nil,
-		AppURL:             AppUrl,
-		Port:               "1411",
-		Host:               "0.0.0.0",
-		UnixSocket:         "",
-		UnixSocketMode:     "",
-		MaxMindLicenseKey:  "",
-		GeoLiteDBPath:      "data/GeoLite2-City.mmdb",
-		GeoLiteDBUrl:       MaxMindGeoLiteCityUrl,
-		LocalIPv6Ranges:    "",
-		UiConfigDisabled:   false,
-		MetricsEnabled:     false,
-		TracingEnabled:     false,
-		TrustProxy:         false,
-		AnalyticsDisabled:  false,
-		AllowDowngrade:     false,
-		InternalAppURL:     "",
+		AppEnv:                AppEnvProduction,
+		LogLevel:              "info",
+		DbProvider:            "sqlite",
+		FileBackend:           "filesystem",
+		AuditLogRetentionDays: 90,
+		AppURL:                AppUrl,
+		Port:                  "1411",
+		Host:                  "0.0.0.0",
+		ActorsPort:            "1414",
+		ActorsHost:            "0.0.0.0",
+		GeoLiteDBPath:         "data/GeoLite2-City.mmdb",
+		GeoLiteDBUrl:          MaxMindGeoLiteCityUrl,
 	}
 }
 
 func parseEnvConfig() error {
 	parsers := map[reflect.Type]env.ParserFunc{
-		reflect.TypeOf([]byte{}): func(value string) (interface{}, error) {
+		reflect.TypeFor[[]byte](): func(value string) (any, error) {
 			return []byte(value), nil
 		},
 	}
@@ -118,90 +131,179 @@ func parseEnvConfig() error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error preparing env config: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	err = validateEnvConfig(&EnvConfig)
+	return nil
+
+}
+
+// ValidateEnvConfig checks the EnvConfig for required fields and valid values
+func ValidateEnvConfig(config *EnvConfigSchema) error {
+	if shouldSkipEnvValidation(os.Args) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	_, err := sloggin.ParseLevel(config.LogLevel)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.New("invalid LOG_LEVEL value. Must be 'debug', 'info', 'warn' or 'error'")
+	}
+
+	// Check required properties
+	if len(config.EncryptionKey) < 16 {
+		return errors.New("ENCRYPTION_KEY must be at least 16 bytes long")
+	}
+
+	if config.SystemdSocket && config.UnixSocket != "" {
+		return errors.New("SYSTEMD_SOCKET and UNIX_SOCKET are mutually exclusive")
+	}
+
+	if config.AuditLogRetentionDays <= 0 {
+		return errors.New("AUDIT_LOG_RETENTION_DAYS must be greater than 0")
+	}
+
+	if config.StaticApiKey != "" && len(config.StaticApiKey) < 16 {
+		return errors.New("when set, STATIC_API_KEY must be at least 16 characters long")
+	}
+
+	// Prepare the DB config
+	prepareDbConfig(config)
+
+	// Validate other required options
+	err = validateAppURLs(config)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	err = validateFileBackend(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	err = validateLocalIPv6Ranges(config.LocalIPv6Ranges)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	err = validateTLSConfig(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func prepareDbConfig(config *EnvConfigSchema) {
+	switch {
+	case config.DbConnectionString == "":
+		config.DbProvider = DbProviderSqlite
+		config.DbConnectionString = defaultSqliteConnString
+	case strings.HasPrefix(config.DbConnectionString, "postgres://") || strings.HasPrefix(config.DbConnectionString, "postgresql://"):
+		config.DbProvider = DbProviderPostgres
+	default:
+		config.DbProvider = DbProviderSqlite
+	}
+}
+
+func validateAppURLs(config *EnvConfigSchema) error {
+	if err := validateURLWithoutPath(config.AppURL, "APP_URL"); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Derive INTERNAL_APP_URL from APP_URL if not set; validate only when provided
+	if config.InternalAppURL == "" {
+		config.InternalAppURL = config.AppURL
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return validateURLWithoutPath(config.InternalAppURL, "INTERNAL_APP_URL")
+}
+
+func validateURLWithoutPath(rawURL, envName string) error {
+	parsedURL, err := url.Parse(rawURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s is not a valid URL", envName)
+	}
+	if parsedURL.Path != "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s must not contain a path", envName)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func validateFileBackend(config *EnvConfigSchema) error {
+	switch config.FileBackend {
+	case "s3", "database":
+		return nil
+	case "", "filesystem":
+		if config.UploadPath == "" {
+			config.UploadPath = defaultFsUploadPath
+		}
+		return nil
+	default:
+		return errors.New("invalid FILE_BACKEND value. Must be 'filesystem', 'database', or 's3'")
+	}
+}
+
+func validateLocalIPv6Ranges(localIPv6Ranges string) error {
+	ranges := strings.SplitSeq(localIPv6Ranges, ",")
+	for rangeStr := range ranges {
+		rangeStr = strings.TrimSpace(rangeStr)
+		if rangeStr == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if err := validateLocalIPv6Range(rangeStr); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func validateLocalIPv6Range(rangeStr string) error {
+	_, ipNet, err := net.ParseCIDR(rangeStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid LOCAL_IPV6_RANGES '%s': %w", rangeStr, err)
+	}
+
+	if ipNet.IP.To4() != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("range '%s' is not a valid IPv6 range", rangeStr)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func validateTLSConfig(config *EnvConfigSchema) error {
+	switch {
+	case config.TLSCertFile != "" && config.TLSKeyFile == "":
+		return errors.New("TLS_KEY_FILE must be set when TLS_CERT_FILE is set")
+	case config.TLSCertFile == "" && config.TLSKeyFile != "":
+		return errors.New("TLS_CERT_FILE must be set when TLS_KEY_FILE is set")
+	}
+
+	if config.TLSCertFile != "" && config.TLSKeyFile != "" {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(config.TLSCertFile); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("TLS_CERT_FILE not found: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if config.TLSCertFile != "" && config.TLSKeyFile != "" {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(config.TLSKeyFile); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("TLS_KEY_FILE not found: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
 	return nil
 
 }
 
-// validateEnvConfig checks the EnvConfig for required fields and valid values
-func validateEnvConfig(config *EnvConfigSchema) error {
-	if _, err := sloggin.ParseLevel(config.LogLevel); err != nil {
-		return errors.New("invalid LOG_LEVEL value. Must be 'debug', 'info', 'warn' or 'error'")
-	}
-
-	switch config.DbProvider {
-	case DbProviderSqlite:
-		if config.DbConnectionString == "" {
-			config.DbConnectionString = defaultSqliteConnString
-		}
-	case DbProviderPostgres:
-		if config.DbConnectionString == "" {
-			return errors.New("missing required env var 'DB_CONNECTION_STRING' for Postgres database")
-		}
-	default:
-		return errors.New("invalid DB_PROVIDER value. Must be 'sqlite' or 'postgres'")
-	}
-
-	parsedAppUrl, err := url.Parse(config.AppURL)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.New("APP_URL is not a valid URL")
-	}
-	if parsedAppUrl.Path != "" {
-		return errors.New("APP_URL must not contain a path")
-	}
-
-	// Derive INTERNAL_APP_URL from APP_URL if not set; validate only when provided
-	if config.InternalAppURL == "" {
-		config.InternalAppURL = config.AppURL
-	} else {
-		parsedInternalAppUrl, err := url.Parse(config.InternalAppURL)
-		if err != nil {
-			return errors.New("INTERNAL_APP_URL is not a valid URL")
-		}
-		if parsedInternalAppUrl.Path != "" {
-			return errors.New("INTERNAL_APP_URL must not contain a path")
+func shouldSkipEnvValidation(args []string) bool {
+	for _, arg := range args[1:] {
+		switch arg {
+		case "-h", "--help", "help", "version":
+			return true
 		}
 	}
 
-	switch config.KeysStorage {
-	// KeysStorage defaults to "file" if empty
-	case "":
-		config.KeysStorage = "file"
-	case "database":
-		if config.EncryptionKey == nil {
-			return errors.New("ENCRYPTION_KEY must be non-empty when KEYS_STORAGE is database")
-		}
-	case "file":
-		// All good, these are valid values
-	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("invalid value for KEYS_STORAGE: %s", config.KeysStorage)
-	}
-
-	// Validate LOCAL_IPV6_RANGES
-	ranges := strings.Split(config.LocalIPv6Ranges, ",")
-	for _, rangeStr := range ranges {
-		rangeStr = strings.TrimSpace(rangeStr)
-		if rangeStr == "" {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		_, ipNet, err := net.ParseCIDR(rangeStr)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("invalid LOCAL_IPV6_RANGES '%s': %w", rangeStr, err)
-		}
-
-		if ipNet.IP.To4() != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("range '%s' is not a valid IPv6 range", rangeStr)
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	return nil
-
+	return false
 }
 
 // prepareEnvConfig processes special options for EnvConfig fields
@@ -214,9 +316,9 @@ func prepareEnvConfig(config *EnvConfigSchema) error {
 		fieldType := typ.Field(i)
 
 		optionsTag := fieldType.Tag.Get("options")
-		options := strings.Split(optionsTag, ",")
+		options := strings.SplitSeq(optionsTag, ",")
 
-		for _, option := range options {
+		for option := range options {
 			switch option {
 			case "toLower":
 				if field.Kind() == reflect.String {
@@ -266,6 +368,7 @@ func resolveFileBasedEnvVariable(field reflect.Value, fieldType reflect.StructFi
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	// #nosec G703 - Path is passed by the admin
 	fileContent, err := os.ReadFile(envVarFileValue)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read file for env var %s: %w", envVarFileName, err)
@@ -279,3 +382,11 @@ func resolveFileBasedEnvVariable(field reflect.Value, fieldType reflect.StructFi
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+func (a AppEnv) IsProduction() bool {
+	return a == AppEnvProduction
+}
+
+func (a AppEnv) IsTest() bool {
+	return a == AppEnvTest
+}

backend/internal/common/env_config_test.go

@@ -8,6 +8,20 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
+func parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t *testing.T) error {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	if _, exists := os.LookupEnv("ENCRYPTION_KEY"); !exists {
+		t.Setenv("ENCRYPTION_KEY", "0123456789abcdef")
+	}
+
+	if err := parseEnvConfig(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return ValidateEnvConfig(&EnvConfig)
+}
+
 func TestParseEnvConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	// Store original config to restore later
 	originalConfig := EnvConfig
@@ -17,11 +31,10 @@ func TestParseEnvConfig(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Run("should parse valid SQLite config correctly", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "SQLITE") // should be lowercased automatically
 		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
 		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "HTTP://LOCALHOST:3000")
 
-		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, DbProviderSqlite, EnvConfig.DbProvider)
 		assert.Equal(t, "http://localhost:3000", EnvConfig.AppURL)
@@ -29,147 +42,76 @@ func TestParseEnvConfig(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Run("should parse valid Postgres config correctly", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "POSTGRES")
 		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "postgres://user:pass@localhost/db")
 		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "https://example.com")
 
-		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, DbProviderPostgres, EnvConfig.DbProvider)
 	})
 
-	t.Run("should fail with invalid DB_PROVIDER", func(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("should fail when ENCRYPTION_KEY is too short", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "invalid")
-		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "test")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
 		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("ENCRYPTION_KEY", "short")
 
-		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
 		require.Error(t, err)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "invalid DB_PROVIDER value")
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "ENCRYPTION_KEY must be at least 16 bytes long")
 	})
 
 	t.Run("should set default SQLite connection string when DB_CONNECTION_STRING is empty", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
 		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
 
-		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, defaultSqliteConnString, EnvConfig.DbConnectionString)
 	})
 
-	t.Run("should fail when Postgres DB_CONNECTION_STRING is missing", func(t *testing.T) {
-		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "postgres")
-		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
-
-		err := parseEnvConfig()
-		require.Error(t, err)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "missing required env var 'DB_CONNECTION_STRING' for Postgres")
-	})
-
 	t.Run("should fail with invalid APP_URL", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
 		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
 		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "€://not-a-valid-url")
 
-		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
 		require.Error(t, err)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "APP_URL is not a valid URL")
 	})
 
 	t.Run("should fail when APP_URL contains path", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
 		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
 		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000/path")
 
-		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
 		require.Error(t, err)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "APP_URL must not contain a path")
 	})
 
 	t.Run("should fail with invalid INTERNAL_APP_URL", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
 		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
 		t.Setenv("INTERNAL_APP_URL", "€://not-a-valid-url")
 
-		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
 		require.Error(t, err)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "INTERNAL_APP_URL is not a valid URL")
 	})
 
 	t.Run("should fail when INTERNAL_APP_URL contains path", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
 		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
 		t.Setenv("INTERNAL_APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000/path")
 
-		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
 		require.Error(t, err)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "INTERNAL_APP_URL must not contain a path")
 	})
 
-	t.Run("should default KEYS_STORAGE to 'file' when empty", func(t *testing.T) {
-		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
-		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
-		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
-
-		err := parseEnvConfig()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, "file", EnvConfig.KeysStorage)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("should fail when KEYS_STORAGE is 'database' but no encryption key", func(t *testing.T) {
-		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
-		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
-		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
-		t.Setenv("KEYS_STORAGE", "database")
-
-		err := parseEnvConfig()
-		require.Error(t, err)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "ENCRYPTION_KEY must be non-empty when KEYS_STORAGE is database")
-	})
-
-	t.Run("should accept valid KEYS_STORAGE values", func(t *testing.T) {
-		validStorageTypes := []string{"file", "database"}
-
-		for _, storage := range validStorageTypes {
-			EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-			t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
-			t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
-			t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
-			t.Setenv("KEYS_STORAGE", storage)
-			if storage == "database" {
-				t.Setenv("ENCRYPTION_KEY", "test-key")
-			}
-
-			err := parseEnvConfig()
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			assert.Equal(t, storage, EnvConfig.KeysStorage)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("should fail with invalid KEYS_STORAGE value", func(t *testing.T) {
-		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
-		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
-		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
-		t.Setenv("KEYS_STORAGE", "invalid")
-
-		err := parseEnvConfig()
-		require.Error(t, err)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "invalid value for KEYS_STORAGE")
-	})
-
 	t.Run("should parse boolean environment variables correctly", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
 		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
 		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
 		t.Setenv("UI_CONFIG_DISABLED", "true")
@@ -178,35 +120,146 @@ func TestParseEnvConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Setenv("TRUST_PROXY", "true")
 		t.Setenv("ANALYTICS_DISABLED", "false")
 
-		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.True(t, EnvConfig.UiConfigDisabled)
-		assert.True(t, EnvConfig.MetricsEnabled)
-		assert.False(t, EnvConfig.TracingEnabled)
 		assert.True(t, EnvConfig.TrustProxy)
 		assert.False(t, EnvConfig.AnalyticsDisabled)
 	})
 
+	t.Run("should default audit log retention days to 90", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, 90, EnvConfig.AuditLogRetentionDays)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should parse audit log retention days override", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("AUDIT_LOG_RETENTION_DAYS", "365")
+
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, 365, EnvConfig.AuditLogRetentionDays)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when AUDIT_LOG_RETENTION_DAYS is non-positive", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("AUDIT_LOG_RETENTION_DAYS", "0")
+
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "AUDIT_LOG_RETENTION_DAYS must be greater than 0")
+	})
+
 	t.Run("should parse string environment variables correctly", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "postgres")
 		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "postgres://test")
 		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "https://prod.example.com")
-		t.Setenv("APP_ENV", "STAGING")
+		t.Setenv("APP_ENV", "PRODUCTION")
 		t.Setenv("UPLOAD_PATH", "/custom/uploads")
-		t.Setenv("KEYS_PATH", "/custom/keys")
 		t.Setenv("PORT", "8080")
 		t.Setenv("HOST", "LOCALHOST")
 		t.Setenv("UNIX_SOCKET", "/tmp/app.sock")
 		t.Setenv("MAXMIND_LICENSE_KEY", "test-license")
 		t.Setenv("GEOLITE_DB_PATH", "/custom/geolite.mmdb")
+		t.Setenv("ACTORS_PORT", "9999")
+		t.Setenv("ACTORS_HOST", "LOCALHOST")
 
-		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, "staging", EnvConfig.AppEnv) // lowercased
+		assert.Equal(t, AppEnvProduction, EnvConfig.AppEnv) // lowercased
 		assert.Equal(t, "/custom/uploads", EnvConfig.UploadPath)
 		assert.Equal(t, "8080", EnvConfig.Port)
 		assert.Equal(t, "localhost", EnvConfig.Host) // lowercased
+		assert.Equal(t, "9999", EnvConfig.ActorsPort)
+		assert.Equal(t, "localhost", EnvConfig.ActorsHost) // lowercased
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should normalize file backend and default upload path", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("FILE_BACKEND", "FILESYSTEM")
+		t.Setenv("UPLOAD_PATH", "")
+
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "filesystem", EnvConfig.FileBackend)
+		assert.Equal(t, defaultFsUploadPath, EnvConfig.UploadPath)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail with invalid FILE_BACKEND value", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("FILE_BACKEND", "invalid")
+
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "invalid FILE_BACKEND value")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when TLS cert is set without key", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("TLS_CERT", "/path/to/cert.pem")
+
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "TLS_KEY_FILE must be set when TLS_CERT_FILE is set")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when TLS key is set without cert", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("TLS_KEY", "/path/to/key.pem")
+
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "TLS_CERT_FILE must be set when TLS_KEY_FILE is set")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when TLS cert file does not exist", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("TLS_CERT", "/nonexistent/cert.pem")
+
+		keyFile := t.TempDir() + "/key.pem"
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(keyFile, []byte("key"), 0600))
+		t.Setenv("TLS_KEY", keyFile)
+
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "TLS_CERT_FILE not found")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when TLS key file does not exist", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+
+		certFile := t.TempDir() + "/cert.pem"
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(certFile, []byte("cert"), 0600))
+		t.Setenv("TLS_CERT", certFile)
+		t.Setenv("TLS_KEY", "/nonexistent/key.pem")
+
+		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "TLS_KEY_FILE not found")
 	})
 }
 
@@ -221,7 +274,7 @@ func TestPrepareEnvConfig_FileBasedAndToLower(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	dbConnFile := tempDir + "/db_connection.txt"
-	dbConnContent := "postgres://user:pass@localhost/testdb"
+	dbConnContent := "postgres://user:pass@localhost/testdb" // #nosec G101 - test credential
 	err = os.WriteFile(dbConnFile, []byte(dbConnContent), 0600)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -241,7 +294,7 @@ func TestPrepareEnvConfig_FileBasedAndToLower(t *testing.T) {
 		err := prepareEnvConfig(&config)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
-		assert.Equal(t, "staging", config.AppEnv)
+		assert.Equal(t, AppEnv("staging"), config.AppEnv)
 		assert.Equal(t, "localhost", config.Host)
 		assert.Equal(t, []byte(encryptionKeyContent), config.EncryptionKey)
 		assert.Equal(t, dbConnContent, config.DbConnectionString)
@@ -255,4 +308,26 @@ func TestPrepareEnvConfig_FileBasedAndToLower(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, binaryKeyContent, config.EncryptionKey)
 	})
+
+	t.Run("should load TLS cert and key file contents", func(t *testing.T) {
+		config := defaultConfig()
+
+		certFile := tempDir + "/cert.pem"
+		certContent := "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\ntest\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----"
+		err := os.WriteFile(certFile, []byte(certContent), 0600)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		keyFile := tempDir + "/key.pem"
+		keyContent := "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\ntest\n-----END PRIVATE KEY-----"
+		err = os.WriteFile(keyFile, []byte(keyContent), 0600)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		t.Setenv("TLS_CERT_FILE", certFile)
+		t.Setenv("TLS_KEY_FILE", keyFile)
+
+		err = prepareEnvConfig(&config)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, certContent, config.TLSCertFile)
+		assert.Equal(t, keyContent, config.TLSKeyFile)
+	})
 }

backend/internal/common/errors.go

@@ -8,393 +8,272 @@ import (
 
 type AppError interface {
 	error
+
 	HttpStatusCode() int
 }
 
+type AppErrorDescription interface {
+	AppError
+
+	Description() string
+}
+
 // Custom error types for various conditions
 
 type AlreadyInUseError struct {
 	Property string
 }
 
-func (e *AlreadyInUseError) Error() string {
+func (e AlreadyInUseError) Error() string {
 	return e.Property + " is already in use"
 }
-func (e *AlreadyInUseError) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }
+func (e AlreadyInUseError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
-func (e *AlreadyInUseError) Is(target error) bool {
+func (e AlreadyInUseError) Is(target error) bool {
 	// Ignore the field property when checking if an error is of the type AlreadyInUseError
 	x := &AlreadyInUseError{}
 	return errors.As(target, &x)
 }
 
-type SetupAlreadyCompletedError struct{}
+type SetupNotAvailableError struct{}
 
-func (e *SetupAlreadyCompletedError) Error() string       { return "setup already completed" }
-func (e *SetupAlreadyCompletedError) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }
+func (e SetupNotAvailableError) Error() string       { return "not found" }
+func (e SetupNotAvailableError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusNotFound }
 
 type TokenInvalidOrExpiredError struct{}
 
-func (e *TokenInvalidOrExpiredError) Error() string       { return "token is invalid or expired" }
-func (e *TokenInvalidOrExpiredError) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }
+func (e TokenInvalidOrExpiredError) Error() string       { return "token is invalid or expired" }
+func (e TokenInvalidOrExpiredError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusUnauthorized }
+
+type DeviceCodeInvalid struct{}
+
+func (e DeviceCodeInvalid) Error() string {
+	return "one time access code must be used on the device it was generated for"
+}
+func (e DeviceCodeInvalid) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusUnauthorized }
 
 type TokenInvalidError struct{}
 
-func (e *TokenInvalidError) Error() string {
-	return "Token is invalid"
-}
-func (e *TokenInvalidError) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }
+func (e TokenInvalidError) Error() string       { return "Token is invalid" }
+func (e TokenInvalidError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusUnauthorized }
 
 type OidcMissingAuthorizationError struct{}
 
-func (e *OidcMissingAuthorizationError) Error() string       { return "missing authorization" }
-func (e *OidcMissingAuthorizationError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
-
-type OidcGrantTypeNotSupportedError struct{}
-
-func (e *OidcGrantTypeNotSupportedError) Error() string       { return "grant type not supported" }
-func (e *OidcGrantTypeNotSupportedError) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }
-
-type OidcMissingClientCredentialsError struct{}
-
-func (e *OidcMissingClientCredentialsError) Error() string       { return "client id or secret not provided" }
-func (e *OidcMissingClientCredentialsError) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }
-
-type OidcClientSecretInvalidError struct{}
-
-func (e *OidcClientSecretInvalidError) Error() string       { return "invalid client secret" }
-func (e *OidcClientSecretInvalidError) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }
-
-type OidcClientAssertionInvalidError struct{}
-
-func (e *OidcClientAssertionInvalidError) Error() string       { return "invalid client assertion" }
-func (e *OidcClientAssertionInvalidError) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }
-
-type OidcInvalidAuthorizationCodeError struct{}
-
-func (e *OidcInvalidAuthorizationCodeError) Error() string       { return "invalid authorization code" }
-func (e *OidcInvalidAuthorizationCodeError) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }
-
-type OidcMissingCallbackURLError struct{}
-
-func (e *OidcMissingCallbackURLError) Error() string {
-	return "unable to detect callback url, it might be necessary for an admin to fix this"
-}
-func (e *OidcMissingCallbackURLError) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }
+func (e OidcMissingAuthorizationError) Error() string       { return "missing authorization" }
+func (e OidcMissingAuthorizationError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
 
 type OidcInvalidCallbackURLError struct{}
 
-func (e *OidcInvalidCallbackURLError) Error() string {
+func (e OidcInvalidCallbackURLError) Error() string {
 	return "invalid callback URL, it might be necessary for an admin to fix this"
 }
-func (e *OidcInvalidCallbackURLError) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }
+func (e OidcInvalidCallbackURLError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
 type FileTypeNotSupportedError struct{}
 
-func (e *FileTypeNotSupportedError) Error() string       { return "file type not supported" }
-func (e *FileTypeNotSupportedError) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }
+func (e FileTypeNotSupportedError) Error() string       { return "file type not supported" }
+func (e FileTypeNotSupportedError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
 type FileTooLargeError struct {
 	MaxSize string
 }
 
-func (e *FileTooLargeError) Error() string {
+func (e FileTooLargeError) Error() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("The file can't be larger than %s", e.MaxSize)
 }
-func (e *FileTooLargeError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusRequestEntityTooLarge }
+func (e FileTooLargeError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusRequestEntityTooLarge }
 
 type NotSignedInError struct{}
 
-func (e *NotSignedInError) Error() string       { return "You are not signed in" }
-func (e *NotSignedInError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusUnauthorized }
-
-type MissingAccessToken struct{}
-
-func (e *MissingAccessToken) Error() string       { return "Missing access token" }
-func (e *MissingAccessToken) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusUnauthorized }
+func (e NotSignedInError) Error() string       { return "You are not signed in" }
+func (e NotSignedInError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusUnauthorized }
 
 type MissingPermissionError struct{}
 
-func (e *MissingPermissionError) Error() string {
+func (e MissingPermissionError) Error() string {
 	return "You don't have permission to perform this action"
 }
-func (e *MissingPermissionError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
+func (e MissingPermissionError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
 
 type TooManyRequestsError struct{}
 
-func (e *TooManyRequestsError) Error() string {
-	return "Too many requests"
-}
-func (e *TooManyRequestsError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusTooManyRequests }
+func (e TooManyRequestsError) Error() string       { return "Too many requests" }
+func (e TooManyRequestsError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusTooManyRequests }
 
-type ClientIdOrSecretNotProvidedError struct{}
+type UserIdNotProvidedError struct{}
 
-func (e *ClientIdOrSecretNotProvidedError) Error() string {
-	return "Client id or secret not provided"
-}
-func (e *ClientIdOrSecretNotProvidedError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
+func (e UserIdNotProvidedError) Error() string       { return "User id not provided" }
+func (e UserIdNotProvidedError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
+
+type UserNotFoundError struct{}
+
+func (e UserNotFoundError) Error() string       { return "User not found" }
+func (e UserNotFoundError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusNotFound }
 
 type WrongFileTypeError struct {
 	ExpectedFileType string
 }
 
-func (e *WrongFileTypeError) Error() string {
+func (e WrongFileTypeError) Error() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("File must be of type %s", e.ExpectedFileType)
 }
-func (e *WrongFileTypeError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
+func (e WrongFileTypeError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
 type MissingSessionIdError struct{}
 
-func (e *MissingSessionIdError) Error() string {
-	return "Missing session id"
-}
-func (e *MissingSessionIdError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
+func (e MissingSessionIdError) Error() string       { return "Missing session id" }
+func (e MissingSessionIdError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
 type ReservedClaimError struct {
 	Key string
 }
 
-func (e *ReservedClaimError) Error() string {
+func (e ReservedClaimError) Error() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("Claim %s is reserved and can't be used", e.Key)
 }
-func (e *ReservedClaimError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
+func (e ReservedClaimError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
 type DuplicateClaimError struct {
 	Key string
 }
 
-func (e *DuplicateClaimError) Error() string {
+func (e DuplicateClaimError) Error() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("Claim %s is already defined", e.Key)
 }
-func (e *DuplicateClaimError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
-
-type OidcInvalidCodeVerifierError struct{}
-
-func (e *OidcInvalidCodeVerifierError) Error() string {
-	return "Invalid code verifier"
-}
-func (e *OidcInvalidCodeVerifierError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
-
-type OidcMissingCodeChallengeError struct{}
-
-func (e *OidcMissingCodeChallengeError) Error() string {
-	return "Missing code challenge"
-}
-func (e *OidcMissingCodeChallengeError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
+func (e DuplicateClaimError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
 type LdapUserUpdateError struct{}
 
-func (e *LdapUserUpdateError) Error() string {
-	return "LDAP users can't be updated"
-}
-func (e *LdapUserUpdateError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
+func (e LdapUserUpdateError) Error() string       { return "LDAP users can't be updated" }
+func (e LdapUserUpdateError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
 
 type LdapUserGroupUpdateError struct{}
 
-func (e *LdapUserGroupUpdateError) Error() string {
-	return "LDAP user groups can't be updated"
-}
-func (e *LdapUserGroupUpdateError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
+func (e LdapUserGroupUpdateError) Error() string       { return "LDAP user groups can't be updated" }
+func (e LdapUserGroupUpdateError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
 
 type OidcAccessDeniedError struct{}
 
-func (e *OidcAccessDeniedError) Error() string {
-	return "You're not allowed to access this service"
-}
-func (e *OidcAccessDeniedError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
+func (e OidcAccessDeniedError) Error() string       { return "You're not allowed to access this service" }
+func (e OidcAccessDeniedError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
 
 type OidcClientIdNotMatchingError struct{}
 
-func (e *OidcClientIdNotMatchingError) Error() string {
+func (e OidcClientIdNotMatchingError) Error() string {
 	return "Client id in request doesn't match client id in token"
 }
-func (e *OidcClientIdNotMatchingError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
-
-type OidcNoCallbackURLError struct{}
-
-func (e *OidcNoCallbackURLError) Error() string {
-	return "No callback URL provided"
-}
-func (e *OidcNoCallbackURLError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
+func (e OidcClientIdNotMatchingError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
 type UiConfigDisabledError struct{}
 
-func (e *UiConfigDisabledError) Error() string {
+func (e UiConfigDisabledError) Error() string {
 	return "The configuration can't be changed since the UI configuration is disabled"
 }
-func (e *UiConfigDisabledError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
+func (e UiConfigDisabledError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
 
 type InvalidUUIDError struct{}
 
-func (e *InvalidUUIDError) Error() string {
-	return "Invalid UUID"
-}
-func (e *InvalidUUIDError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
+func (e InvalidUUIDError) Error() string       { return "Invalid UUID" }
+func (e InvalidUUIDError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
 type OneTimeAccessDisabledError struct{}
 
-func (e *OneTimeAccessDisabledError) Error() string {
-	return "One-time access is disabled"
-}
-func (e *OneTimeAccessDisabledError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
+func (e OneTimeAccessDisabledError) Error() string       { return "One-time access is disabled" }
+func (e OneTimeAccessDisabledError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
 type InvalidAPIKeyError struct{}
 
-func (e *InvalidAPIKeyError) Error() string {
-	return "Invalid Api Key"
-}
-func (e *InvalidAPIKeyError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusUnauthorized }
+func (e InvalidAPIKeyError) Error() string       { return "Invalid Api Key" }
+func (e InvalidAPIKeyError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusUnauthorized }
 
 type NoAPIKeyProvidedError struct{}
 
-func (e *NoAPIKeyProvidedError) Error() string {
-	return "No API Key Provided"
-}
-func (e *NoAPIKeyProvidedError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusUnauthorized }
+func (e NoAPIKeyProvidedError) Error() string       { return "No API Key Provided" }
+func (e NoAPIKeyProvidedError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusUnauthorized }
 
 type APIKeyNotFoundError struct{}
 
-func (e *APIKeyNotFoundError) Error() string {
-	return "API Key Not Found"
-}
-func (e *APIKeyNotFoundError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusUnauthorized }
+func (e APIKeyNotFoundError) Error() string       { return "API Key Not Found" }
+func (e APIKeyNotFoundError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusUnauthorized }
+
+type APIKeyNotExpiredError struct{}
+
+func (e APIKeyNotExpiredError) Error() string       { return "API Key is not expired yet" }
+func (e APIKeyNotExpiredError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
 type APIKeyExpirationDateError struct{}
 
-func (e *APIKeyExpirationDateError) Error() string {
+func (e APIKeyExpirationDateError) Error() string {
 	return "API Key expiration time must be in the future"
 }
-func (e *APIKeyExpirationDateError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
+func (e APIKeyExpirationDateError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
-type OidcInvalidRefreshTokenError struct{}
+type APIKeyAuthNotAllowedError struct{}
 
-func (e *OidcInvalidRefreshTokenError) Error() string {
-	return "refresh token is invalid or expired"
-}
-func (e *OidcInvalidRefreshTokenError) HttpStatusCode() int {
-	return http.StatusBadRequest
-}
-
-type OidcMissingRefreshTokenError struct{}
-
-func (e *OidcMissingRefreshTokenError) Error() string {
-	return "refresh token is required"
-}
-func (e *OidcMissingRefreshTokenError) HttpStatusCode() int {
-	return http.StatusBadRequest
-}
-
-type OidcMissingAuthorizationCodeError struct{}
-
-func (e *OidcMissingAuthorizationCodeError) Error() string {
-	return "authorization code is required"
-}
-func (e *OidcMissingAuthorizationCodeError) HttpStatusCode() int {
-	return http.StatusBadRequest
+func (e APIKeyAuthNotAllowedError) Error() string {
+	return "API key authentication is not allowed for this endpoint"
 }
+func (e APIKeyAuthNotAllowedError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
 
 type UserDisabledError struct{}
 
-func (e *UserDisabledError) Error() string {
-	return "User account is disabled"
-}
-func (e *UserDisabledError) HttpStatusCode() int {
-	return http.StatusForbidden
-}
+func (e UserDisabledError) Error() string       { return "User account is disabled" }
+func (e UserDisabledError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
 
-type ValidationError struct {
-	Message string
-}
+type ValidationError struct{ Message string }
 
-func (e *ValidationError) Error() string {
-	return e.Message
-}
+func (e ValidationError) Error() string { return e.Message }
 
-func (e *ValidationError) HttpStatusCode() int {
-	return http.StatusBadRequest
-}
+func (e ValidationError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
 type OidcDeviceCodeExpiredError struct{}
 
-func (e *OidcDeviceCodeExpiredError) Error() string {
-	return "device code has expired"
-}
-func (e *OidcDeviceCodeExpiredError) HttpStatusCode() int {
-	return http.StatusBadRequest
-}
+func (e OidcDeviceCodeExpiredError) Error() string       { return "device code has expired" }
+func (e OidcDeviceCodeExpiredError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
 type OidcInvalidDeviceCodeError struct{}
 
-func (e *OidcInvalidDeviceCodeError) Error() string {
-	return "invalid device code"
-}
-func (e *OidcInvalidDeviceCodeError) HttpStatusCode() int {
-	return http.StatusBadRequest
-}
-
-type OidcSlowDownError struct{}
-
-func (e *OidcSlowDownError) Error() string {
-	return "polling too frequently"
-}
-func (e *OidcSlowDownError) HttpStatusCode() int {
-	return http.StatusTooManyRequests
-}
-
-type OidcAuthorizationPendingError struct{}
-
-func (e *OidcAuthorizationPendingError) Error() string {
-	return "authorization is still pending"
-}
-func (e *OidcAuthorizationPendingError) HttpStatusCode() int {
-	return http.StatusBadRequest
-}
+func (e OidcInvalidDeviceCodeError) Error() string       { return "invalid device code" }
+func (e OidcInvalidDeviceCodeError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
 type ReauthenticationRequiredError struct{}
 
-func (e *ReauthenticationRequiredError) Error() string {
-	return "reauthentication required"
-}
-func (e *ReauthenticationRequiredError) HttpStatusCode() int {
-	return http.StatusUnauthorized
-}
+func (e ReauthenticationRequiredError) Error() string       { return "reauthentication required" }
+func (e ReauthenticationRequiredError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusUnauthorized }
 
 type OpenSignupDisabledError struct{}
 
-func (e *OpenSignupDisabledError) Error() string {
-	return "Open user signup is not enabled"
-}
+func (e OpenSignupDisabledError) Error() string { return "Open user signup is not enabled" }
 
-func (e *OpenSignupDisabledError) HttpStatusCode() int {
-	return http.StatusForbidden
-}
+func (e OpenSignupDisabledError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
 
 type ClientIdAlreadyExistsError struct{}
 
-func (e *ClientIdAlreadyExistsError) Error() string {
-	return "Client ID already in use"
-}
+func (e ClientIdAlreadyExistsError) Error() string { return "Client ID already in use" }
 
-func (e *ClientIdAlreadyExistsError) HttpStatusCode() int {
-	return http.StatusBadRequest
-}
+func (e ClientIdAlreadyExistsError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
 type UserEmailNotSetError struct{}
 
-func (e *UserEmailNotSetError) Error() string {
-	return "The user does not have an email address set"
-}
+func (e UserEmailNotSetError) Error() string { return "The user does not have an email address set" }
 
-func (e *UserEmailNotSetError) HttpStatusCode() int {
-	return http.StatusBadRequest
-}
+func (e UserEmailNotSetError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
 type ImageNotFoundError struct{}
 
-func (e *ImageNotFoundError) Error() string {
-	return "Image not found"
-}
+func (e ImageNotFoundError) Error() string { return "Image not found" }
 
-func (e *ImageNotFoundError) HttpStatusCode() int {
-	return http.StatusNotFound
+func (e ImageNotFoundError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusNotFound }
+
+type OidcPARRequiredError struct{}
+
+func (e OidcPARRequiredError) Error() string {
+	return "this client requires pushed authorization requests"
 }
+func (e OidcPARRequiredError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
+
+type InvalidEmailVerificationTokenError struct{}
+
+func (e InvalidEmailVerificationTokenError) Error() string { return "Invalid email verification token" }
+
+func (e InvalidEmailVerificationTokenError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }

backend/internal/common/reserved.go

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package common
+
+// StaticApiKeyUserID is the fixed ID of the synthetic admin user that the static API key authenticates as
+// It is excluded from real-user counts such as the initial-admin-setup check
+const StaticApiKeyUserID = "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"

backend/internal/controller/api_key_controller.go

@@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
-package controller
-
-import (
-	"net/http"
-
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
-
-	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/dto"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/middleware"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
-)
-
-// swag init -g cmd/main.go -o ./docs/swagger --parseDependency
-
-// ApiKeyController manages API keys for authenticated users
-type ApiKeyController struct {
-	apiKeyService *service.ApiKeyService
-}
-
-// NewApiKeyController creates a new controller for API key management
-// @Summary API key management controller
-// @Description Initializes API endpoints for managing API keys
-// @Tags API Keys
-func NewApiKeyController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMiddleware, apiKeyService *service.ApiKeyService) {
-	uc := &ApiKeyController{apiKeyService: apiKeyService}
-
-	apiKeyGroup := group.Group("/api-keys")
-	apiKeyGroup.Use(authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add())
-	{
-		apiKeyGroup.GET("", uc.listApiKeysHandler)
-		apiKeyGroup.POST("", uc.createApiKeyHandler)
-		apiKeyGroup.DELETE("/:id", uc.revokeApiKeyHandler)
-	}
-}
-
-// listApiKeysHandler godoc
-// @Summary List API keys
-// @Description Get a paginated list of API keys belonging to the current user
-// @Tags API Keys
-// @Param pagination[page] query int false "Page number for pagination" default(1)
-// @Param pagination[limit] query int false "Number of items per page" default(20)
-// @Param sort[column] query string false "Column to sort by"
-// @Param sort[direction] query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
-// @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.ApiKeyDto]
-// @Router /api/api-keys [get]
-func (c *ApiKeyController) listApiKeysHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
-	listRequestOptions := utils.ParseListRequestOptions(ctx)
-
-	userID := ctx.GetString("userID")
-
-	apiKeys, pagination, err := c.apiKeyService.ListApiKeys(ctx.Request.Context(), userID, listRequestOptions)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = ctx.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	var apiKeysDto []dto.ApiKeyDto
-	if err := dto.MapStructList(apiKeys, &apiKeysDto); err != nil {
-		_ = ctx.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	ctx.JSON(http.StatusOK, dto.Paginated[dto.ApiKeyDto]{
-		Data:       apiKeysDto,
-		Pagination: pagination,
-	})
-}
-
-// createApiKeyHandler godoc
-// @Summary Create API key
-// @Description Create a new API key for the current user
-// @Tags API Keys
-// @Param api_key body dto.ApiKeyCreateDto true "API key information"
-// @Success 201 {object} dto.ApiKeyResponseDto "Created API key with token"
-// @Router /api/api-keys [post]
-func (c *ApiKeyController) createApiKeyHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
-	userID := ctx.GetString("userID")
-
-	var input dto.ApiKeyCreateDto
-	if err := dto.ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(ctx, &input); err != nil {
-		_ = ctx.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	apiKey, token, err := c.apiKeyService.CreateApiKey(ctx.Request.Context(), userID, input)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = ctx.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	var apiKeyDto dto.ApiKeyDto
-	if err := dto.MapStruct(apiKey, &apiKeyDto); err != nil {
-		_ = ctx.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	ctx.JSON(http.StatusCreated, dto.ApiKeyResponseDto{
-		ApiKey: apiKeyDto,
-		Token:  token,
-	})
-}
-
-// revokeApiKeyHandler godoc
-// @Summary Revoke API key
-// @Description Revoke (delete) an existing API key by ID
-// @Tags API Keys
-// @Param id path string true "API Key ID"
-// @Success 204 "No Content"
-// @Router /api/api-keys/{id} [delete]
-func (c *ApiKeyController) revokeApiKeyHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
-	userID := ctx.GetString("userID")
-	apiKeyID := ctx.Param("id")
-
-	if err := c.apiKeyService.RevokeApiKey(ctx.Request.Context(), userID, apiKeyID); err != nil {
-		_ = ctx.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
-}

backend/internal/controller/app_config_controller.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/dto"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/middleware"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/tracing"
 )
 
 // NewAppConfigController creates a new controller for application configuration endpoints
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ type AppConfigController struct {
 // @Accept json
 // @Produce json
 // @Success 200 {array} dto.PublicAppConfigVariableDto
-// @Router /application-configuration [get]
+// @Router /api/application-configuration [get]
 func (acc *AppConfigController) listAppConfigHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	configuration := acc.appConfigService.ListAppConfig(false)
 
@@ -66,6 +67,13 @@ func (acc *AppConfigController) listAppConfigHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		Type:  "boolean",
 	})
 
+	// Manually add tracingEnabled, derived from the OTel environment, so the frontend only exports traces when the backend can forward them to a collector
+	configVariablesDto = append(configVariablesDto, dto.PublicAppConfigVariableDto{
+		Key:   "tracingEnabled",
+		Value: strconv.FormatBool(tracing.FrontendTracingEnabled()),
+		Type:  "boolean",
+	})
+
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, configVariablesDto)
 }
 
@@ -76,7 +84,7 @@ func (acc *AppConfigController) listAppConfigHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Accept json
 // @Produce json
 // @Success 200 {array} dto.AppConfigVariableDto
-// @Router /application-configuration/all [get]
+// @Router /api/application-configuration/all [get]
 func (acc *AppConfigController) listAllAppConfigHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	configuration := acc.appConfigService.ListAppConfig(true)
 

backend/internal/controller/app_images_controller.go

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ package controller
 
 import (
 	"net/http"
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
@@ -23,15 +25,18 @@ func NewAppImagesController(
 	}
 
 	group.GET("/application-images/logo", controller.getLogoHandler)
+	group.GET("/application-images/email", controller.getEmailLogoHandler)
 	group.GET("/application-images/background", controller.getBackgroundImageHandler)
 	group.GET("/application-images/favicon", controller.getFaviconHandler)
 	group.GET("/application-images/default-profile-picture", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.getDefaultProfilePicture)
 
 	group.PUT("/application-images/logo", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.updateLogoHandler)
+	group.PUT("/application-images/email", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.updateEmailLogoHandler)
 	group.PUT("/application-images/background", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.updateBackgroundImageHandler)
 	group.PUT("/application-images/favicon", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.updateFaviconHandler)
 	group.PUT("/application-images/default-profile-picture", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.updateDefaultProfilePicture)
 
+	group.DELETE("/application-images/background", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.deleteBackgroundImageHandler)
 	group.DELETE("/application-images/default-profile-picture", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.deleteDefaultProfilePicture)
 }
 
@@ -59,6 +64,18 @@ func (c *AppImagesController) getLogoHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 	c.getImage(ctx, imageName)
 }
 
+// getEmailLogoHandler godoc
+// @Summary Get email logo image
+// @Description Get the email logo image for use in emails
+// @Tags Application Images
+// @Produce image/png
+// @Produce image/jpeg
+// @Success 200 {file} binary "Email logo image"
+// @Router /api/application-images/email [get]
+func (c *AppImagesController) getEmailLogoHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	c.getImage(ctx, "logoEmail")
+}
+
 // getBackgroundImageHandler godoc
 // @Summary Get background image
 // @Description Get the background image for the application
@@ -116,7 +133,38 @@ func (c *AppImagesController) updateLogoHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 		imageName = "logoDark"
 	}
 
-	if err := c.appImagesService.UpdateImage(file, imageName); err != nil {
+	if err := c.appImagesService.UpdateImage(ctx.Request.Context(), file, imageName); err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// updateEmailLogoHandler godoc
+// @Summary Update email logo
+// @Description Update the email logo for use in emails
+// @Tags Application Images
+// @Accept multipart/form-data
+// @Param file formData file true "Email logo image file"
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/application-images/email [put]
+func (c *AppImagesController) updateEmailLogoHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	file, err := ctx.FormFile("file")
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	fileType := utils.GetFileExtension(file.Filename)
+	mimeType := utils.GetImageMimeType(fileType)
+
+	if mimeType != "image/png" && mimeType != "image/jpeg" {
+		_ = ctx.Error(&common.WrongFileTypeError{ExpectedFileType: ".png or .jpg/jpeg"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := c.appImagesService.UpdateImage(ctx.Request.Context(), file, "logoEmail"); err != nil {
 		_ = ctx.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
@@ -139,7 +187,22 @@ func (c *AppImagesController) updateBackgroundImageHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if err := c.appImagesService.UpdateImage(file, "background"); err != nil {
+	if err := c.appImagesService.UpdateImage(ctx.Request.Context(), file, "background"); err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// deleteBackgroundImageHandler godoc
+// @Summary Delete background image
+// @Description Delete the application background image
+// @Tags Application Images
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/application-images/background [delete]
+func (c *AppImagesController) deleteBackgroundImageHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	if err := c.appImagesService.DeleteImage(ctx.Request.Context(), "background"); err != nil {
 		_ = ctx.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
@@ -152,7 +215,7 @@ func (c *AppImagesController) updateBackgroundImageHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 // @Description Update the application favicon
 // @Tags Application Images
 // @Accept multipart/form-data
-// @Param file formData file true "Favicon file (.ico)"
+// @Param file formData file true "Favicon file (.svg/.png/.ico)"
 // @Success 204 "No Content"
 // @Router /api/application-images/favicon [put]
 func (c *AppImagesController) updateFaviconHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
@@ -163,12 +226,13 @@ func (c *AppImagesController) updateFaviconHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 	}
 
 	fileType := utils.GetFileExtension(file.Filename)
-	if fileType != "ico" {
-		_ = ctx.Error(&common.WrongFileTypeError{ExpectedFileType: ".ico"})
+	mimeType := utils.GetImageMimeType(strings.ToLower(fileType))
+	if !slices.Contains([]string{"image/svg+xml", "image/png", "image/x-icon"}, mimeType) {
+		_ = ctx.Error(&common.WrongFileTypeError{ExpectedFileType: ".svg or .png or .ico"})
 		return
 	}
 
-	if err := c.appImagesService.UpdateImage(file, "favicon"); err != nil {
+	if err := c.appImagesService.UpdateImage(ctx.Request.Context(), file, "favicon"); err != nil {
 		_ = ctx.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
@@ -177,15 +241,16 @@ func (c *AppImagesController) updateFaviconHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 }
 
 func (c *AppImagesController) getImage(ctx *gin.Context, name string) {
-	imagePath, mimeType, err := c.appImagesService.GetImage(name)
+	reader, size, mimeType, err := c.appImagesService.GetImage(ctx.Request.Context(), name)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = ctx.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
+	defer reader.Close()
 
 	ctx.Header("Content-Type", mimeType)
 	utils.SetCacheControlHeader(ctx, 15*time.Minute, 24*time.Hour)
-	ctx.File(imagePath)
+	ctx.DataFromReader(http.StatusOK, size, mimeType, reader, nil)
 }
 
 // updateDefaultProfilePicture godoc
@@ -203,7 +268,7 @@ func (c *AppImagesController) updateDefaultProfilePicture(ctx *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if err := c.appImagesService.UpdateImage(file, "default-profile-picture"); err != nil {
+	if err := c.appImagesService.UpdateImage(ctx.Request.Context(), file, "default-profile-picture"); err != nil {
 		_ = ctx.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
@@ -218,7 +283,7 @@ func (c *AppImagesController) updateDefaultProfilePicture(ctx *gin.Context) {
 // @Success 204 "No Content"
 // @Router /api/application-images/default-profile-picture [delete]
 func (c *AppImagesController) deleteDefaultProfilePicture(ctx *gin.Context) {
-	if err := c.appImagesService.DeleteImage("default-profile-picture"); err != nil {
+	if err := c.appImagesService.DeleteImage(ctx.Request.Context(), "default-profile-picture"); err != nil {
 		_ = ctx.Error(err)
 		return
 	}

backend/internal/controller/audit_log_controller.go

@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ func (alc *AuditLogController) listAuditLogsForUserHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	// Add device information to the logs
 	for i, logsDto := range logsDtos {
 		logsDto.Device = alc.auditLogService.DeviceStringFromUserAgent(logs[i].UserAgent)
+		logsDto.ActorUsername = logsDto.Data["actorUsername"]
 		logsDtos[i] = logsDto
 	}
 
@@ -101,6 +102,7 @@ func (alc *AuditLogController) listAllAuditLogsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	for i, logsDto := range logsDtos {
 		logsDto.Device = alc.auditLogService.DeviceStringFromUserAgent(logs[i].UserAgent)
 		logsDto.Username = logs[i].User.Username
+		logsDto.ActorUsername = logsDto.Data["actorUsername"]
 		logsDtos[i] = logsDto
 	}
 

backend/internal/controller/e2etest_controller.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ func NewTestController(group *gin.RouterGroup, testService *service.TestService)
 	testController := &TestController{TestService: testService}
 
 	group.POST("/test/reset", testController.resetAndSeedHandler)
+	group.POST("/test/accesstoken", testController.signAccessToken)
 	group.POST("/test/refreshtoken", testController.signRefreshToken)
 
 	group.GET("/externalidp/jwks.json", testController.externalIdPJWKS)
@@ -40,6 +41,11 @@ func (tc *TestController) resetAndSeedHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	if err := tc.TestService.ResetLock(c.Request.Context()); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
 	if err := tc.TestService.ResetApplicationImages(c.Request.Context()); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -69,8 +75,6 @@ func (tc *TestController) resetAndSeedHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	tc.TestService.SetJWTKeys()
-
 	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
 }
 
@@ -105,6 +109,27 @@ func (tc *TestController) externalIdPSignToken(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.Writer.WriteString(token)
 }
 
+func (tc *TestController) signAccessToken(c *gin.Context) {
+	var input struct {
+		UserID   string `json:"user"`
+		ClientID string `json:"client"`
+		Expired  bool   `json:"expired"`
+	}
+	err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	token, err := tc.TestService.SignAccessToken(c.Request.Context(), input.UserID, input.ClientID, input.Expired)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Writer.WriteString(token)
+}
+
 func (tc *TestController) signRefreshToken(c *gin.Context) {
 	var input struct {
 		UserID       string `json:"user"`
@@ -117,7 +142,7 @@ func (tc *TestController) signRefreshToken(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	token, err := tc.TestService.SignRefreshToken(input.UserID, input.ClientID, input.RefreshToken)
+	token, err := tc.TestService.SignRefreshToken(c.Request.Context(), input.UserID, input.ClientID, input.RefreshToken)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return

backend/internal/controller/oidc_controller.go

@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 package controller
 
 import (
-	"errors"
-	"log/slog"
 	"net/http"
-	"net/url"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
@@ -16,25 +13,16 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/middleware"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/cookie"
 )
 
 // NewOidcController creates a new controller for OIDC related endpoints
 // @Summary OIDC controller
 // @Description Initializes all OIDC-related API endpoints for authentication and client management
 // @Tags OIDC
-func NewOidcController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMiddleware, fileSizeLimitMiddleware *middleware.FileSizeLimitMiddleware, oidcService *service.OidcService, jwtService *service.JwtService) {
-	oc := &OidcController{oidcService: oidcService, jwtService: jwtService}
-
-	group.POST("/oidc/authorize", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), oc.authorizeHandler)
-	group.POST("/oidc/authorization-required", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), oc.authorizationConfirmationRequiredHandler)
-
-	group.POST("/oidc/token", oc.createTokensHandler)
-	group.GET("/oidc/userinfo", oc.userInfoHandler)
-	group.POST("/oidc/userinfo", oc.userInfoHandler)
-	group.POST("/oidc/end-session", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().WithSuccessOptional().Add(), oc.EndSessionHandler)
-	group.GET("/oidc/end-session", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().WithSuccessOptional().Add(), oc.EndSessionHandler)
-	group.POST("/oidc/introspect", oc.introspectTokenHandler)
+func NewOidcController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMiddleware, fileSizeLimitMiddleware *middleware.FileSizeLimitMiddleware, oidcService *service.OidcService) {
+	oc := &OidcController{
+		oidcService: oidcService,
+	}
 
 	group.GET("/oidc/clients", authMiddleware.Add(), oc.listClientsHandler)
 	group.POST("/oidc/clients", authMiddleware.Add(), oc.createClientHandler)
@@ -47,15 +35,11 @@ func NewOidcController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMi
 	group.POST("/oidc/clients/:id/secret", authMiddleware.Add(), oc.createClientSecretHandler)
 
 	group.GET("/oidc/clients/:id/logo", oc.getClientLogoHandler)
-	group.DELETE("/oidc/clients/:id/logo", oc.deleteClientLogoHandler)
+	group.DELETE("/oidc/clients/:id/logo", authMiddleware.Add(), oc.deleteClientLogoHandler)
 	group.POST("/oidc/clients/:id/logo", authMiddleware.Add(), fileSizeLimitMiddleware.Add(2<<20), oc.updateClientLogoHandler)
 
 	group.GET("/oidc/clients/:id/preview/:userId", authMiddleware.Add(), oc.getClientPreviewHandler)
 
-	group.POST("/oidc/device/authorize", oc.deviceAuthorizationHandler)
-	group.POST("/oidc/device/verify", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), oc.verifyDeviceCodeHandler)
-	group.GET("/oidc/device/info", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), oc.getDeviceCodeInfoHandler)
-
 	group.GET("/oidc/users/me/authorized-clients", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), oc.listOwnAuthorizedClientsHandler)
 	group.GET("/oidc/users/:id/authorized-clients", authMiddleware.Add(), oc.listAuthorizedClientsHandler)
 
@@ -63,280 +47,12 @@ func NewOidcController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMi
 
 	group.GET("/oidc/users/me/clients", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), oc.listOwnAccessibleClientsHandler)
 
+	group.GET("/oidc/clients/:id/scim-service-provider", authMiddleware.Add(), oc.getClientScimServiceProviderHandler)
+
 }
 
 type OidcController struct {
 	oidcService *service.OidcService
-	jwtService  *service.JwtService
-}
-
-// authorizeHandler godoc
-// @Summary Authorize OIDC client
-// @Description Start the OIDC authorization process for a client
-// @Tags OIDC
-// @Accept json
-// @Produce json
-// @Param request body dto.AuthorizeOidcClientRequestDto true "Authorization request parameters"
-// @Success 200 {object} dto.AuthorizeOidcClientResponseDto "Authorization code and callback URL"
-// @Router /api/oidc/authorize [post]
-func (oc *OidcController) authorizeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	var input dto.AuthorizeOidcClientRequestDto
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	code, callbackURL, err := oc.oidcService.Authorize(c.Request.Context(), input, c.GetString("userID"), c.ClientIP(), c.Request.UserAgent())
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	response := dto.AuthorizeOidcClientResponseDto{
-		Code:        code,
-		CallbackURL: callbackURL,
-		Issuer:      common.EnvConfig.AppURL,
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, response)
-}
-
-// authorizationConfirmationRequiredHandler godoc
-// @Summary Check if authorization confirmation is required
-// @Description Check if the user needs to confirm authorization for the client
-// @Tags OIDC
-// @Accept json
-// @Produce json
-// @Param request body dto.AuthorizationRequiredDto true "Authorization check parameters"
-// @Success 200 {object} object "{ \"authorizationRequired\": true/false }"
-// @Router /api/oidc/authorization-required [post]
-func (oc *OidcController) authorizationConfirmationRequiredHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	var input dto.AuthorizationRequiredDto
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	hasAuthorizedClient, err := oc.oidcService.HasAuthorizedClient(c.Request.Context(), input.ClientID, c.GetString("userID"), input.Scope)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"authorizationRequired": !hasAuthorizedClient})
-}
-
-// createTokensHandler godoc
-// @Summary Create OIDC tokens
-// @Description Exchange authorization code or refresh token for access tokens
-// @Tags OIDC
-// @Produce json
-// @Param client_id formData string false "Client ID (if not using Basic Auth)"
-// @Param client_secret formData string false "Client secret (if not using Basic Auth or client assertions)"
-// @Param code formData string false "Authorization code (required for 'authorization_code' grant)"
-// @Param grant_type formData string true "Grant type ('authorization_code' or 'refresh_token')"
-// @Param code_verifier formData string false "PKCE code verifier (for authorization_code with PKCE)"
-// @Param refresh_token formData string false "Refresh token (required for 'refresh_token' grant)"
-// @Param client_assertion formData string false "Client assertion type (for 'authorization_code' grant when using client assertions)"
-// @Param client_assertion_type formData string false "Client assertion type (for 'authorization_code' grant when using client assertions)"
-// @Success 200 {object} dto.OidcTokenResponseDto "Token response with access_token and optional id_token and refresh_token"
-// @Router /api/oidc/token [post]
-func (oc *OidcController) createTokensHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	var input dto.OidcCreateTokensDto
-	if err := c.ShouldBind(&input); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Validate that code is provided for authorization_code grant type
-	if input.GrantType == service.GrantTypeAuthorizationCode && input.Code == "" {
-		_ = c.Error(&common.OidcMissingAuthorizationCodeError{})
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Validate that refresh_token is provided for refresh_token grant type
-	if input.GrantType == service.GrantTypeRefreshToken && input.RefreshToken == "" {
-		_ = c.Error(&common.OidcMissingRefreshTokenError{})
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Client id and secret can also be passed over the Authorization header
-	if input.ClientID == "" && input.ClientSecret == "" {
-		input.ClientID, input.ClientSecret, _ = c.Request.BasicAuth()
-	}
-
-	tokens, err := oc.oidcService.CreateTokens(c.Request.Context(), input)
-
-	switch {
-	case errors.Is(err, &common.OidcAuthorizationPendingError{}):
-		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
-			"error": "authorization_pending",
-		})
-		return
-	case errors.Is(err, &common.OidcSlowDownError{}):
-		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
-			"error": "slow_down",
-		})
-		return
-	case err != nil:
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, dto.OidcTokenResponseDto{
-		AccessToken:  tokens.AccessToken,
-		TokenType:    "Bearer",
-		ExpiresIn:    int(tokens.ExpiresIn.Seconds()),
-		IdToken:      tokens.IdToken,      // May be empty
-		RefreshToken: tokens.RefreshToken, // May be empty
-	})
-}
-
-// userInfoHandler godoc
-// @Summary Get user information
-// @Description Get user information based on the access token
-// @Tags OIDC
-// @Accept json
-// @Produce json
-// @Success 200 {object} object "User claims based on requested scopes"
-// @Security OAuth2AccessToken
-// @Router /api/oidc/userinfo [get]
-func (oc *OidcController) userInfoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	_, authToken, ok := strings.Cut(c.GetHeader("Authorization"), " ")
-	if !ok || authToken == "" {
-		_ = c.Error(&common.MissingAccessToken{})
-		return
-	}
-
-	token, err := oc.jwtService.VerifyOAuthAccessToken(authToken)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-	userID, ok := token.Subject()
-	if !ok {
-		_ = c.Error(&common.TokenInvalidError{})
-		return
-	}
-	clientID, ok := token.Audience()
-	if !ok || len(clientID) != 1 {
-		_ = c.Error(&common.TokenInvalidError{})
-		return
-	}
-	claims, err := oc.oidcService.GetUserClaimsForClient(c.Request.Context(), userID, clientID[0])
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, claims)
-}
-
-// EndSessionHandler godoc
-// @Summary End OIDC session
-// @Description End user session and handle OIDC logout
-// @Tags OIDC
-// @Accept application/x-www-form-urlencoded
-// @Param id_token_hint query string false "ID token"
-// @Param post_logout_redirect_uri query string false "URL to redirect to after logout"
-// @Param state query string false "State parameter to include in the redirect"
-// @Success 302 "Redirect to post-logout URL or application logout page"
-// @Router /api/oidc/end-session [get]
-func (oc *OidcController) EndSessionHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	var input dto.OidcLogoutDto
-
-	// Bind query parameters to the struct
-	switch c.Request.Method {
-	case http.MethodGet:
-		if err := c.ShouldBindQuery(&input); err != nil {
-			_ = c.Error(err)
-			return
-		}
-	case http.MethodPost:
-		// Bind form parameters to the struct
-		if err := c.ShouldBind(&input); err != nil {
-			_ = c.Error(err)
-			return
-		}
-	}
-
-	callbackURL, err := oc.oidcService.ValidateEndSession(c.Request.Context(), input, c.GetString("userID"))
-	if err != nil {
-		// If the validation fails, the user has to confirm the logout manually and doesn't get redirected
-		slog.WarnContext(c.Request.Context(), "Error getting logout callback URL, the user has to confirm the logout manually", "error", err)
-		c.Redirect(http.StatusFound, common.EnvConfig.AppURL+"/logout")
-		return
-	}
-
-	// The validation was successful, so we can log out and redirect the user to the callback URL without confirmation
-	cookie.AddAccessTokenCookie(c, 0, "")
-
-	logoutCallbackURL, _ := url.Parse(callbackURL)
-	if input.State != "" {
-		q := logoutCallbackURL.Query()
-		q.Set("state", input.State)
-		logoutCallbackURL.RawQuery = q.Encode()
-	}
-
-	c.Redirect(http.StatusFound, logoutCallbackURL.String())
-}
-
-// EndSessionHandler godoc (POST method)
-// @Summary End OIDC session (POST method)
-// @Description End user session and handle OIDC logout using POST
-// @Tags OIDC
-// @Accept application/x-www-form-urlencoded
-// @Produce html
-// @Param id_token_hint formData string false "ID token"
-// @Param post_logout_redirect_uri formData string false "URL to redirect to after logout"
-// @Param state formData string false "State parameter to include in the redirect"
-// @Success 302 "Redirect to post-logout URL or application logout page"
-// @Router /api/oidc/end-session [post]
-func (oc *OidcController) EndSessionHandlerPost(c *gin.Context) {
-	// Implementation is the same as GET
-}
-
-// introspectToken godoc
-// @Summary Introspect OIDC tokens
-// @Description Pass an access_token to verify if it is considered valid.
-// @Tags OIDC
-// @Produce json
-// @Param token formData string true "The token to be introspected."
-// @Success 200 {object} dto.OidcIntrospectionResponseDto "Response with the introspection result."
-// @Router /api/oidc/introspect [post]
-func (oc *OidcController) introspectTokenHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	var input dto.OidcIntrospectDto
-	if err := c.ShouldBind(&input); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Client id and secret have to be passed over the Authorization header. This kind of
-	// authentication allows us to keep the endpoint protected (since it could be used to
-	// find valid tokens) while still allowing it to be used by an application that is
-	// supposed to interact with our IdP (since that needs to have a client_id
-	// and client_secret anyway).
-	var (
-		creds service.ClientAuthCredentials
-		ok    bool
-	)
-	creds.ClientID, creds.ClientSecret, ok = c.Request.BasicAuth()
-	if !ok {
-		// If there's no basic auth, check if we have a bearer token
-		bearer, ok := utils.BearerAuth(c.Request)
-		if ok {
-			creds.ClientAssertionType = service.ClientAssertionTypeJWTBearer
-			creds.ClientAssertion = bearer
-		}
-	}
-
-	response, err := oc.oidcService.IntrospectToken(c.Request.Context(), creds, input.Token)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, response)
 }
 
 // getClientMetaDataHandler godoc
@@ -548,16 +264,17 @@ func (oc *OidcController) createClientSecretHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 func (oc *OidcController) getClientLogoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	lightLogo, _ := strconv.ParseBool(c.DefaultQuery("light", "true"))
 
-	imagePath, mimeType, err := oc.oidcService.GetClientLogo(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"), lightLogo)
+	reader, size, mimeType, err := oc.oidcService.GetClientLogo(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"), lightLogo)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
+	defer reader.Close()
 
 	utils.SetCacheControlHeader(c, 15*time.Minute, 12*time.Hour)
 
 	c.Header("Content-Type", mimeType)
-	c.File(imagePath)
+	c.DataFromReader(http.StatusOK, size, mimeType, reader, nil)
 }
 
 // updateClientLogoHandler godoc
@@ -586,7 +303,6 @@ func (oc *OidcController) updateClientLogoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	}
 
 	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
-
 }
 
 // deleteClientLogoHandler godoc
@@ -613,7 +329,6 @@ func (oc *OidcController) deleteClientLogoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	}
 
 	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
-
 }
 
 // updateAllowedUserGroupsHandler godoc
@@ -649,27 +364,6 @@ func (oc *OidcController) updateAllowedUserGroupsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, oidcClientDto)
 }
 
-func (oc *OidcController) deviceAuthorizationHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	var input dto.OidcDeviceAuthorizationRequestDto
-	if err := c.ShouldBind(&input); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Client id and secret can also be passed over the Authorization header
-	if input.ClientID == "" && input.ClientSecret == "" {
-		input.ClientID, input.ClientSecret, _ = c.Request.BasicAuth()
-	}
-
-	response, err := oc.oidcService.CreateDeviceAuthorization(c.Request.Context(), input)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, response)
-}
-
 // listOwnAuthorizedClientsHandler godoc
 // @Summary List authorized clients for current user
 // @Description Get a paginated list of OIDC clients that the current user has authorized
@@ -771,42 +465,6 @@ func (oc *OidcController) listOwnAccessibleClientsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	})
 }
 
-func (oc *OidcController) verifyDeviceCodeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	userCode := c.Query("code")
-	if userCode == "" {
-		_ = c.Error(&common.ValidationError{Message: "code is required"})
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Get IP address and user agent from the request context
-	ipAddress := c.ClientIP()
-	userAgent := c.Request.UserAgent()
-
-	err := oc.oidcService.VerifyDeviceCode(c.Request.Context(), userCode, c.GetString("userID"), ipAddress, userAgent)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
-}
-
-func (oc *OidcController) getDeviceCodeInfoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	userCode := c.Query("code")
-	if userCode == "" {
-		_ = c.Error(&common.ValidationError{Message: "code is required"})
-		return
-	}
-
-	deviceCodeInfo, err := oc.oidcService.GetDeviceCodeInfo(c.Request.Context(), userCode, c.GetString("userID"))
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, deviceCodeInfo)
-}
-
 // getClientPreviewHandler godoc
 // @Summary Preview OIDC client data for user
 // @Description Get a preview of the OIDC data (ID token, access token, userinfo) that would be sent to the client for a specific user
@@ -838,7 +496,13 @@ func (oc *OidcController) getClientPreviewHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	preview, err := oc.oidcService.GetClientPreview(c.Request.Context(), clientID, userID, strings.Split(scopes, " "))
+	preview, err := oc.oidcService.GetClientPreview(
+		c.Request.Context(),
+		clientID,
+		userID,
+		strings.Split(scopes, " "),
+		c.GetString("authenticationMethod"))
+
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -846,3 +510,29 @@ func (oc *OidcController) getClientPreviewHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, preview)
 }
+
+// getClientScimServiceProviderHandler godoc
+// @Summary Get SCIM service provider
+// @Description Get the SCIM service provider configuration for an OIDC client
+// @Tags OIDC
+// @Produce json
+// @Param id path string true "Client ID"
+// @Success 200 {object} dto.ScimServiceProviderDTO "SCIM service provider configuration"
+// @Router /api/oidc/clients/{id}/scim-service-provider [get]
+func (oc *OidcController) getClientScimServiceProviderHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	clientID := c.Param("id")
+
+	provider, err := oc.oidcService.GetClientScimServiceProvider(c.Request.Context(), clientID)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var providerDto dto.ScimServiceProviderDTO
+	if err := dto.MapStruct(provider, &providerDto); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, providerDto)
+}

backend/internal/controller/scim_controller.go

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+package controller
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/dto"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
+)
+
+func NewScimController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMiddleware, scimService *service.ScimService) {
+	ugc := ScimController{
+		scimService: scimService,
+	}
+
+	group.POST("/scim/service-provider", authMiddleware.Add(), ugc.createServiceProviderHandler)
+	group.POST("/scim/service-provider/:id/sync", authMiddleware.Add(), ugc.syncServiceProviderHandler)
+	group.PUT("/scim/service-provider/:id", authMiddleware.Add(), ugc.updateServiceProviderHandler)
+	group.DELETE("/scim/service-provider/:id", authMiddleware.Add(), ugc.deleteServiceProviderHandler)
+}
+
+type ScimController struct {
+	scimService *service.ScimService
+}
+
+// syncServiceProviderHandler godoc
+// @Summary Sync SCIM service provider
+// @Description Trigger synchronization for a SCIM service provider
+// @Tags SCIM
+// @Param id path string true "Service Provider ID"
+// @Success 200 "OK"
+// @Router /api/scim/service-provider/{id}/sync [post]
+func (c *ScimController) syncServiceProviderHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	err := c.scimService.SyncServiceProvider(ctx.Request.Context(), ctx.Param("id"))
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Status(http.StatusOK)
+}
+
+// createServiceProviderHandler godoc
+// @Summary Create SCIM service provider
+// @Description Create a new SCIM service provider
+// @Tags SCIM
+// @Accept json
+// @Produce json
+// @Param serviceProvider body dto.ScimServiceProviderCreateDTO true "SCIM service provider information"
+// @Success 201 {object} dto.ScimServiceProviderDTO "Created SCIM service provider"
+// @Router /api/scim/service-provider [post]
+func (c *ScimController) createServiceProviderHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	var input dto.ScimServiceProviderCreateDTO
+	if err := ctx.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	provider, err := c.scimService.CreateServiceProvider(ctx.Request.Context(), &input)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var providerDTO dto.ScimServiceProviderDTO
+	if err := dto.MapStruct(provider, &providerDTO); err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.JSON(http.StatusCreated, providerDTO)
+}
+
+// updateServiceProviderHandler godoc
+// @Summary Update SCIM service provider
+// @Description Update an existing SCIM service provider
+// @Tags SCIM
+// @Accept json
+// @Produce json
+// @Param id path string true "Service Provider ID"
+// @Param serviceProvider body dto.ScimServiceProviderCreateDTO true "SCIM service provider information"
+// @Success 200 {object} dto.ScimServiceProviderDTO "Updated SCIM service provider"
+// @Router /api/scim/service-provider/{id} [put]
+func (c *ScimController) updateServiceProviderHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	var input dto.ScimServiceProviderCreateDTO
+	if err := ctx.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	provider, err := c.scimService.UpdateServiceProvider(ctx.Request.Context(), ctx.Param("id"), &input)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var providerDTO dto.ScimServiceProviderDTO
+	if err := dto.MapStruct(provider, &providerDTO); err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.JSON(http.StatusOK, providerDTO)
+}
+
+// deleteServiceProviderHandler godoc
+// @Summary Delete SCIM service provider
+// @Description Delete a SCIM service provider by ID
+// @Tags SCIM
+// @Param id path string true "Service Provider ID"
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/scim/service-provider/{id} [delete]
+func (c *ScimController) deleteServiceProviderHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	err := c.scimService.DeleteServiceProvider(ctx.Request.Context(), ctx.Param("id"))
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}

backend/internal/controller/user_controller.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/cookie"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
@@ -11,22 +12,21 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/middleware"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
-	"golang.org/x/time/rate"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/webauthn"
 )
 
-const (
-	defaultOneTimeAccessTokenDuration = 15 * time.Minute
-	defaultSignupTokenDuration        = time.Hour
-)
+const defaultOneTimeAccessTokenDuration = 15 * time.Minute
 
 // NewUserController creates a new controller for user management endpoints
 // @Summary User management controller
 // @Description Initializes all user-related API endpoints
 // @Tags Users
-func NewUserController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMiddleware, rateLimitMiddleware *middleware.RateLimitMiddleware, userService *service.UserService, appConfigService *service.AppConfigService) {
+func NewUserController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMiddleware, rateLimitMiddleware *middleware.RateLimitMiddleware, userService *service.UserService, oneTimeAccessService *service.OneTimeAccessService, webAuthnService *webauthn.Module, appConfigService *service.AppConfigService) {
 	uc := UserController{
-		userService:      userService,
-		appConfigService: appConfigService,
+		userService:          userService,
+		oneTimeAccessService: oneTimeAccessService,
+		webAuthnService:      webAuthnService,
+		appConfigService:     appConfigService,
 	}
 
 	group.GET("/users", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.listUsersHandler)
@@ -35,8 +35,10 @@ func NewUserController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMi
 	group.POST("/users", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.createUserHandler)
 	group.PUT("/users/:id", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.updateUserHandler)
 	group.GET("/users/:id/groups", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.getUserGroupsHandler)
+	group.GET("/users/:id/webauthn-credentials", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.listUserWebauthnCredentialsHandler)
 	group.PUT("/users/me", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), uc.updateCurrentUserHandler)
 	group.DELETE("/users/:id", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.deleteUserHandler)
+	group.DELETE("/users/:id/webauthn-credentials/:credentialId", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.deleteUserWebauthnCredentialHandler)
 
 	group.PUT("/users/:id/user-groups", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.updateUserGroups)
 
@@ -48,23 +50,21 @@ func NewUserController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMi
 	group.POST("/users/me/one-time-access-token", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), uc.createOwnOneTimeAccessTokenHandler)
 	group.POST("/users/:id/one-time-access-token", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.createAdminOneTimeAccessTokenHandler)
 	group.POST("/users/:id/one-time-access-email", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsAdminHandler)
-	group.POST("/one-time-access-token/:token", rateLimitMiddleware.Add(rate.Every(10*time.Second), 5), uc.exchangeOneTimeAccessTokenHandler)
-	group.POST("/one-time-access-email", rateLimitMiddleware.Add(rate.Every(10*time.Minute), 3), uc.RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsUnauthenticatedUserHandler)
+	group.POST("/one-time-access-token/:token", rateLimitMiddleware.Add(middleware.RateLimitOneTimeAccessToken), uc.exchangeOneTimeAccessTokenHandler)
+	group.POST("/one-time-access-email", rateLimitMiddleware.Add(middleware.RateLimitOneTimeAccessEmail), uc.RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsUnauthenticatedUserHandler)
 
 	group.DELETE("/users/:id/profile-picture", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.resetUserProfilePictureHandler)
 	group.DELETE("/users/me/profile-picture", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), uc.resetCurrentUserProfilePictureHandler)
 
-	group.POST("/signup-tokens", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.createSignupTokenHandler)
-	group.GET("/signup-tokens", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.listSignupTokensHandler)
-	group.DELETE("/signup-tokens/:id", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.deleteSignupTokenHandler)
-	group.POST("/signup", rateLimitMiddleware.Add(rate.Every(1*time.Minute), 10), uc.signupHandler)
-	group.POST("/signup/setup", uc.signUpInitialAdmin)
-
+	group.POST("/users/me/send-email-verification", rateLimitMiddleware.Add(middleware.RateLimitSendEmailVerification), authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), uc.sendEmailVerificationHandler)
+	group.POST("/users/me/verify-email", rateLimitMiddleware.Add(middleware.RateLimitVerifyEmail), authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), uc.verifyEmailHandler)
 }
 
 type UserController struct {
-	userService      *service.UserService
-	appConfigService *service.AppConfigService
+	userService          *service.UserService
+	oneTimeAccessService *service.OneTimeAccessService
+	webAuthnService      *webauthn.Module
+	appConfigService     *service.AppConfigService
 }
 
 // getUserGroupsHandler godoc
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ type UserController struct {
 // @Description Retrieve all groups a specific user belongs to
 // @Tags Users,User Groups
 // @Param id path string true "User ID"
-// @Success 200 {array} dto.UserGroupDtoWithUsers
+// @Success 200 {array} dto.UserGroupDto
 // @Router /api/users/{id}/groups [get]
 func (uc *UserController) getUserGroupsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	userID := c.Param("id")
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ func (uc *UserController) getUserGroupsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	var groupsDto []dto.UserGroupDtoWithUsers
+	var groupsDto []dto.UserGroupDto
 	if err := dto.MapStructList(groups, &groupsDto); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -91,6 +91,36 @@ func (uc *UserController) getUserGroupsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, groupsDto)
 }
 
+// listUserWebauthnCredentialsHandler godoc
+// @Summary List user passkeys
+// @Description Retrieve all WebAuthn credentials for a specific user
+// @Tags Users
+// @Param id path string true "User ID"
+// @Success 200 {array} dto.WebauthnCredentialDto
+// @Router /api/users/{id}/webauthn-credentials [get]
+func (uc *UserController) listUserWebauthnCredentialsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	userID := c.Param("id")
+
+	if _, err := uc.userService.GetUser(c.Request.Context(), userID); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	credentials, err := uc.webAuthnService.ListCredentials(c.Request.Context(), userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var credentialDtos []dto.WebauthnCredentialDto
+	if err := dto.MapStructList(credentials, &credentialDtos); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, credentialDtos)
+}
+
 // listUsersHandler godoc
 // @Summary List users
 // @Description Get a paginated list of users with optional search and sorting
@@ -185,6 +215,31 @@ func (uc *UserController) deleteUserHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
 }
 
+// deleteUserWebauthnCredentialHandler godoc
+// @Summary Delete user passkey
+// @Description Delete a specific WebAuthn credential for a user
+// @Tags Users
+// @Param id path string true "User ID"
+// @Param credentialId path string true "Credential ID"
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/users/{id}/webauthn-credentials/{credentialId} [delete]
+func (uc *UserController) deleteUserWebauthnCredentialHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	err := uc.webAuthnService.DeleteCredential(
+		c.Request.Context(),
+		c.Param("id"),
+		c.Param("credentialId"),
+		c.ClientIP(),
+		c.Request.UserAgent(),
+		c.GetString("userID"),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
 // createUserHandler godoc
 // @Summary Create user
 // @Description Create a new user
@@ -286,7 +341,7 @@ func (uc *UserController) updateUserProfilePictureHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	}
 	defer file.Close()
 
-	if err := uc.userService.UpdateProfilePicture(userID, file); err != nil {
+	if err := uc.userService.UpdateProfilePicture(c.Request.Context(), userID, file); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
@@ -317,7 +372,7 @@ func (uc *UserController) updateCurrentUserProfilePictureHandler(c *gin.Context)
 	}
 	defer file.Close()
 
-	if err := uc.userService.UpdateProfilePicture(userID, file); err != nil {
+	if err := uc.userService.UpdateProfilePicture(c.Request.Context(), userID, file); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
@@ -327,22 +382,34 @@ func (uc *UserController) updateCurrentUserProfilePictureHandler(c *gin.Context)
 
 func (uc *UserController) createOneTimeAccessTokenHandler(c *gin.Context, own bool) {
 	var input dto.OneTimeAccessTokenCreateDto
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
+	err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input)
+	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
 
-	var ttl time.Duration
+	var (
+		userID string
+		ttl    time.Duration
+	)
 	if own {
-		input.UserID = c.GetString("userID")
+		// Get user ID from context and force the default TTL
+		userID = c.GetString("userID")
 		ttl = defaultOneTimeAccessTokenDuration
 	} else {
+		// Get user ID from URL parameter, and optional TTL from body
+		userID = c.Param("id")
 		ttl = input.TTL.Duration
 		if ttl <= 0 {
 			ttl = defaultOneTimeAccessTokenDuration
 		}
 	}
-	token, err := uc.userService.CreateOneTimeAccessToken(c.Request.Context(), input.UserID, ttl)
+	if userID == "" {
+		_ = c.Error(&common.UserIdNotProvidedError{})
+		return
+	}
+
+	token, err := uc.oneTimeAccessService.CreateOneTimeAccessToken(c.Request.Context(), userID, ttl)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -391,12 +458,13 @@ func (uc *UserController) RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsUnauthenticatedUserHandler(
 		return
 	}
 
-	err := uc.userService.RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsUnauthenticatedUser(c.Request.Context(), input.Email, input.RedirectPath)
+	deviceToken, err := uc.oneTimeAccessService.RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsUnauthenticatedUser(c.Request.Context(), input.Email, input.RedirectPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
 
+	cookie.AddDeviceTokenCookie(c, deviceToken)
 	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
 }
 
@@ -423,7 +491,7 @@ func (uc *UserController) RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsAdminHandler(c *gin.Context
 	if ttl <= 0 {
 		ttl = defaultOneTimeAccessTokenDuration
 	}
-	err := uc.userService.RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsAdmin(c.Request.Context(), userID, ttl)
+	err := uc.oneTimeAccessService.RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsAdmin(c.Request.Context(), userID, ttl)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -440,41 +508,15 @@ func (uc *UserController) RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsAdminHandler(c *gin.Context
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.UserDto
 // @Router /api/one-time-access-token/{token} [post]
 func (uc *UserController) exchangeOneTimeAccessTokenHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	user, token, err := uc.userService.ExchangeOneTimeAccessToken(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("token"), c.ClientIP(), c.Request.UserAgent())
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
+	loginCode := c.Param("token")
+	// reject invalid length login codes
+	if len(loginCode) != 6 && len(loginCode) != 16 {
+		_ = c.Error(&common.TokenInvalidOrExpiredError{})
 		return
 	}
 
-	var userDto dto.UserDto
-	if err := dto.MapStruct(user, &userDto); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	maxAge := int(uc.appConfigService.GetDbConfig().SessionDuration.AsDurationMinutes().Seconds())
-	cookie.AddAccessTokenCookie(c, maxAge, token)
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, userDto)
-}
-
-// signUpInitialAdmin godoc
-// @Summary Sign up initial admin user
-// @Description Sign up and generate setup access token for initial admin user
-// @Tags Users
-// @Accept json
-// @Produce json
-// @Param body body dto.SignUpDto true "User information"
-// @Success 200 {object} dto.UserDto
-// @Router /api/signup/setup [post]
-func (uc *UserController) signUpInitialAdmin(c *gin.Context) {
-	var input dto.SignUpDto
-	if err := dto.ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(c, &input); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	user, token, err := uc.userService.SignUpInitialAdmin(c.Request.Context(), input)
+	deviceToken, _ := c.Cookie(cookie.DeviceTokenCookieName)
+	user, token, err := uc.oneTimeAccessService.ExchangeOneTimeAccessToken(c.Request.Context(), loginCode, deviceToken, c.ClientIP(), c.Request.UserAgent())
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -522,130 +564,6 @@ func (uc *UserController) updateUserGroups(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, userDto)
 }
 
-// createSignupTokenHandler godoc
-// @Summary Create signup token
-// @Description Create a new signup token that allows user registration
-// @Tags Users
-// @Accept json
-// @Produce json
-// @Param token body dto.SignupTokenCreateDto true "Signup token information"
-// @Success 201 {object} dto.SignupTokenDto
-// @Router /api/signup-tokens [post]
-func (uc *UserController) createSignupTokenHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	var input dto.SignupTokenCreateDto
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	ttl := input.TTL.Duration
-	if ttl <= 0 {
-		ttl = defaultSignupTokenDuration
-	}
-
-	signupToken, err := uc.userService.CreateSignupToken(c.Request.Context(), ttl, input.UsageLimit)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	var tokenDto dto.SignupTokenDto
-	err = dto.MapStruct(signupToken, &tokenDto)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusCreated, tokenDto)
-}
-
-// listSignupTokensHandler godoc
-// @Summary List signup tokens
-// @Description Get a paginated list of signup tokens
-// @Tags Users
-// @Param pagination[page] query int false "Page number for pagination" default(1)
-// @Param pagination[limit] query int false "Number of items per page" default(20)
-// @Param sort[column] query string false "Column to sort by"
-// @Param sort[direction] query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
-// @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.SignupTokenDto]
-// @Router /api/signup-tokens [get]
-func (uc *UserController) listSignupTokensHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	listRequestOptions := utils.ParseListRequestOptions(c)
-
-	tokens, pagination, err := uc.userService.ListSignupTokens(c.Request.Context(), listRequestOptions)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	var tokensDto []dto.SignupTokenDto
-	if err := dto.MapStructList(tokens, &tokensDto); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, dto.Paginated[dto.SignupTokenDto]{
-		Data:       tokensDto,
-		Pagination: pagination,
-	})
-}
-
-// deleteSignupTokenHandler godoc
-// @Summary Delete signup token
-// @Description Delete a signup token by ID
-// @Tags Users
-// @Param id path string true "Token ID"
-// @Success 204 "No Content"
-// @Router /api/signup-tokens/{id} [delete]
-func (uc *UserController) deleteSignupTokenHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	tokenID := c.Param("id")
-
-	err := uc.userService.DeleteSignupToken(c.Request.Context(), tokenID)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
-}
-
-// signupWithTokenHandler godoc
-// @Summary Sign up
-// @Description Create a new user account
-// @Tags Users
-// @Accept json
-// @Produce json
-// @Param user body dto.SignUpDto true "User information"
-// @Success 201 {object} dto.SignUpDto
-// @Router /api/signup [post]
-func (uc *UserController) signupHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	var input dto.SignUpDto
-	if err := dto.ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(c, &input); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	ipAddress := c.ClientIP()
-	userAgent := c.GetHeader("User-Agent")
-
-	user, accessToken, err := uc.userService.SignUp(c.Request.Context(), input, ipAddress, userAgent)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	maxAge := int(uc.appConfigService.GetDbConfig().SessionDuration.AsDurationMinutes().Seconds())
-	cookie.AddAccessTokenCookie(c, maxAge, accessToken)
-
-	var userDto dto.UserDto
-	if err := dto.MapStruct(user, &userDto); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusCreated, userDto)
-}
-
 // updateUser is an internal helper method, not exposed as an API endpoint
 func (uc *UserController) updateUser(c *gin.Context, updateOwnUser bool) {
 	var input dto.UserCreateDto
@@ -687,7 +605,7 @@ func (uc *UserController) updateUser(c *gin.Context, updateOwnUser bool) {
 func (uc *UserController) resetUserProfilePictureHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	userID := c.Param("id")
 
-	if err := uc.userService.ResetProfilePicture(userID); err != nil {
+	if err := uc.userService.ResetProfilePicture(c.Request.Context(), userID); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
@@ -705,7 +623,48 @@ func (uc *UserController) resetUserProfilePictureHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 func (uc *UserController) resetCurrentUserProfilePictureHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	userID := c.GetString("userID")
 
-	if err := uc.userService.ResetProfilePicture(userID); err != nil {
+	if err := uc.userService.ResetProfilePicture(c.Request.Context(), userID); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// sendEmailVerificationHandler godoc
+// @Summary Send email verification
+// @Description Send an email verification to the currently authenticated user
+// @Tags Users
+// @Produce json
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/users/me/send-email-verification [post]
+func (uc *UserController) sendEmailVerificationHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	userID := c.GetString("userID")
+
+	if err := uc.userService.SendEmailVerification(c.Request.Context(), userID); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// verifyEmailHandler godoc
+// @Summary Verify email
+// @Description Verify the currently authenticated user's email using a verification token
+// @Tags Users
+// @Param body body dto.EmailVerificationDto true "Email verification token"
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/users/me/verify-email [post]
+func (uc *UserController) verifyEmailHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	var input dto.EmailVerificationDto
+	if err := dto.ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(c, &input); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	userID := c.GetString("userID")
+	if err := uc.userService.VerifyEmail(c.Request.Context(), userID, input.Token); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}

backend/internal/controller/user_group_controller.go

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ func NewUserGroupController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.A
 		userGroupsGroup.PUT("/:id", ugc.update)
 		userGroupsGroup.DELETE("/:id", ugc.delete)
 		userGroupsGroup.PUT("/:id/users", ugc.updateUsers)
+		userGroupsGroup.PUT("/:id/allowed-oidc-clients", ugc.updateAllowedOidcClients)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ type UserGroupController struct {
 // @Param pagination[limit] query int false "Number of items per page" default(20)
 // @Param sort[column] query string false "Column to sort by"
 // @Param sort[direction] query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
-// @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.UserGroupDtoWithUserCount]
+// @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.UserGroupMinimalDto]
 // @Router /api/user-groups [get]
 func (ugc *UserGroupController) list(c *gin.Context) {
 	searchTerm := c.Query("search")
@@ -57,9 +58,9 @@ func (ugc *UserGroupController) list(c *gin.Context) {
 	}
 
 	// Map the user groups to DTOs
-	var groupsDto = make([]dto.UserGroupDtoWithUserCount, len(groups))
+	var groupsDto = make([]dto.UserGroupMinimalDto, len(groups))
 	for i, group := range groups {
-		var groupDto dto.UserGroupDtoWithUserCount
+		var groupDto dto.UserGroupMinimalDto
 		if err := dto.MapStruct(group, &groupDto); err != nil {
 			_ = c.Error(err)
 			return
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ func (ugc *UserGroupController) list(c *gin.Context) {
 		groupsDto[i] = groupDto
 	}
 
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, dto.Paginated[dto.UserGroupDtoWithUserCount]{
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, dto.Paginated[dto.UserGroupMinimalDto]{
 		Data:       groupsDto,
 		Pagination: pagination,
 	})
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ func (ugc *UserGroupController) list(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Accept json
 // @Produce json
 // @Param id path string true "User Group ID"
-// @Success 200 {object} dto.UserGroupDtoWithUsers
+// @Success 200 {object} dto.UserGroupDto
 // @Router /api/user-groups/{id} [get]
 func (ugc *UserGroupController) get(c *gin.Context) {
 	group, err := ugc.UserGroupService.Get(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"))
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ func (ugc *UserGroupController) get(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	var groupDto dto.UserGroupDtoWithUsers
+	var groupDto dto.UserGroupDto
 	if err := dto.MapStruct(group, &groupDto); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ func (ugc *UserGroupController) get(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Accept json
 // @Produce json
 // @Param userGroup body dto.UserGroupCreateDto true "User group information"
-// @Success 201 {object} dto.UserGroupDtoWithUsers "Created user group"
+// @Success 201 {object} dto.UserGroupDto "Created user group"
 // @Router /api/user-groups [post]
 func (ugc *UserGroupController) create(c *gin.Context) {
 	var input dto.UserGroupCreateDto
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ func (ugc *UserGroupController) create(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	var groupDto dto.UserGroupDtoWithUsers
+	var groupDto dto.UserGroupDto
 	if err := dto.MapStruct(group, &groupDto); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ func (ugc *UserGroupController) create(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Produce json
 // @Param id path string true "User Group ID"
 // @Param userGroup body dto.UserGroupCreateDto true "User group information"
-// @Success 200 {object} dto.UserGroupDtoWithUsers "Updated user group"
+// @Success 200 {object} dto.UserGroupDto "Updated user group"
 // @Router /api/user-groups/{id} [put]
 func (ugc *UserGroupController) update(c *gin.Context) {
 	var input dto.UserGroupCreateDto
@@ -157,7 +158,7 @@ func (ugc *UserGroupController) update(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	var groupDto dto.UserGroupDtoWithUsers
+	var groupDto dto.UserGroupDto
 	if err := dto.MapStruct(group, &groupDto); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ func (ugc *UserGroupController) delete(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Produce json
 // @Param id path string true "User Group ID"
 // @Param users body dto.UserGroupUpdateUsersDto true "List of user IDs to assign to this group"
-// @Success 200 {object} dto.UserGroupDtoWithUsers
+// @Success 200 {object} dto.UserGroupDto
 // @Router /api/user-groups/{id}/users [put]
 func (ugc *UserGroupController) updateUsers(c *gin.Context) {
 	var input dto.UserGroupUpdateUsersDto
@@ -207,7 +208,7 @@ func (ugc *UserGroupController) updateUsers(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	var groupDto dto.UserGroupDtoWithUsers
+	var groupDto dto.UserGroupDto
 	if err := dto.MapStruct(group, &groupDto); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -215,3 +216,35 @@ func (ugc *UserGroupController) updateUsers(c *gin.Context) {
 
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, groupDto)
 }
+
+// updateAllowedOidcClients godoc
+// @Summary Update allowed OIDC clients
+// @Description Update the OIDC clients allowed for a specific user group
+// @Tags OIDC
+// @Accept json
+// @Produce json
+// @Param id path string true "User Group ID"
+// @Param groups body dto.UserGroupUpdateAllowedOidcClientsDto true "OIDC client IDs to allow"
+// @Success 200 {object} dto.UserGroupDto "Updated user group"
+// @Router /api/user-groups/{id}/allowed-oidc-clients [put]
+func (ugc *UserGroupController) updateAllowedOidcClients(c *gin.Context) {
+	var input dto.UserGroupUpdateAllowedOidcClientsDto
+	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	userGroup, err := ugc.UserGroupService.UpdateAllowedOidcClient(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"), input)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var userGroupDto dto.UserGroupDto
+	if err := dto.MapStruct(userGroup, &userGroupDto); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, userGroupDto)
+}

backend/internal/controller/version_controller.go

@@ -5,14 +5,17 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/middleware"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
 )
 
 // NewVersionController registers version-related routes.
-func NewVersionController(group *gin.RouterGroup, versionService *service.VersionService) {
+func NewVersionController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMiddleware, versionService *service.VersionService) {
 	vc := &VersionController{versionService: versionService}
 	group.GET("/version/latest", vc.getLatestVersionHandler)
+	group.GET("/version/current", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), vc.getCurrentVersionHandler)
 }
 
 type VersionController struct {
@@ -38,3 +41,16 @@ func (vc *VersionController) getLatestVersionHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		"latestVersion": tag,
 	})
 }
+
+// getCurrentVersionHandler godoc
+// @Summary Get current deployed version of Pocket ID
+// @Tags Version
+// @Produce json
+// @Success 200 {object} map[string]string "Current version information"
+// @Router /api/version/current [get]
+func (vc *VersionController) getCurrentVersionHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
+		"currentVersion": common.Version,
+	})
+}

backend/internal/controller/webauthn_controller.go

@@ -1,205 +0,0 @@
-package controller
-
-import (
-	"net/http"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn/protocol"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/dto"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/middleware"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/cookie"
-
-	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
-	"golang.org/x/time/rate"
-)
-
-func NewWebauthnController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMiddleware, rateLimitMiddleware *middleware.RateLimitMiddleware, webauthnService *service.WebAuthnService, appConfigService *service.AppConfigService) {
-	wc := &WebauthnController{webAuthnService: webauthnService, appConfigService: appConfigService}
-	group.GET("/webauthn/register/start", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), wc.beginRegistrationHandler)
-	group.POST("/webauthn/register/finish", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), wc.verifyRegistrationHandler)
-
-	group.GET("/webauthn/login/start", wc.beginLoginHandler)
-	group.POST("/webauthn/login/finish", rateLimitMiddleware.Add(rate.Every(10*time.Second), 5), wc.verifyLoginHandler)
-
-	group.POST("/webauthn/logout", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), wc.logoutHandler)
-
-	group.POST("/webauthn/reauthenticate", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), rateLimitMiddleware.Add(rate.Every(10*time.Second), 5), wc.reauthenticateHandler)
-
-	group.GET("/webauthn/credentials", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), wc.listCredentialsHandler)
-	group.PATCH("/webauthn/credentials/:id", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), wc.updateCredentialHandler)
-	group.DELETE("/webauthn/credentials/:id", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), wc.deleteCredentialHandler)
-}
-
-type WebauthnController struct {
-	webAuthnService  *service.WebAuthnService
-	appConfigService *service.AppConfigService
-}
-
-func (wc *WebauthnController) beginRegistrationHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	userID := c.GetString("userID")
-	options, err := wc.webAuthnService.BeginRegistration(c.Request.Context(), userID)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	cookie.AddSessionIdCookie(c, int(options.Timeout.Seconds()), options.SessionID)
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, options.Response)
-}
-
-func (wc *WebauthnController) verifyRegistrationHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	sessionID, err := c.Cookie(cookie.SessionIdCookieName)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(&common.MissingSessionIdError{})
-		return
-	}
-
-	userID := c.GetString("userID")
-	credential, err := wc.webAuthnService.VerifyRegistration(c.Request.Context(), sessionID, userID, c.Request)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	var credentialDto dto.WebauthnCredentialDto
-	if err := dto.MapStruct(credential, &credentialDto); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, credentialDto)
-}
-
-func (wc *WebauthnController) beginLoginHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	options, err := wc.webAuthnService.BeginLogin(c.Request.Context())
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	cookie.AddSessionIdCookie(c, int(options.Timeout.Seconds()), options.SessionID)
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, options.Response)
-}
-
-func (wc *WebauthnController) verifyLoginHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	sessionID, err := c.Cookie(cookie.SessionIdCookieName)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(&common.MissingSessionIdError{})
-		return
-	}
-
-	credentialAssertionData, err := protocol.ParseCredentialRequestResponseBody(c.Request.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	user, token, err := wc.webAuthnService.VerifyLogin(c.Request.Context(), sessionID, credentialAssertionData, c.ClientIP(), c.Request.UserAgent())
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	var userDto dto.UserDto
-	if err := dto.MapStruct(user, &userDto); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	maxAge := int(wc.appConfigService.GetDbConfig().SessionDuration.AsDurationMinutes().Seconds())
-	cookie.AddAccessTokenCookie(c, maxAge, token)
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, userDto)
-}
-
-func (wc *WebauthnController) listCredentialsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	userID := c.GetString("userID")
-	credentials, err := wc.webAuthnService.ListCredentials(c.Request.Context(), userID)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	var credentialDtos []dto.WebauthnCredentialDto
-	if err := dto.MapStructList(credentials, &credentialDtos); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, credentialDtos)
-}
-
-func (wc *WebauthnController) deleteCredentialHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	userID := c.GetString("userID")
-	credentialID := c.Param("id")
-
-	err := wc.webAuthnService.DeleteCredential(c.Request.Context(), userID, credentialID)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
-}
-
-func (wc *WebauthnController) updateCredentialHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	userID := c.GetString("userID")
-	credentialID := c.Param("id")
-
-	var input dto.WebauthnCredentialUpdateDto
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	credential, err := wc.webAuthnService.UpdateCredential(c.Request.Context(), userID, credentialID, input.Name)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	var credentialDto dto.WebauthnCredentialDto
-	if err := dto.MapStruct(credential, &credentialDto); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, credentialDto)
-}
-
-func (wc *WebauthnController) logoutHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	cookie.AddAccessTokenCookie(c, 0, "")
-	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
-}
-
-func (wc *WebauthnController) reauthenticateHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	sessionID, err := c.Cookie(cookie.SessionIdCookieName)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(&common.MissingSessionIdError{})
-		return
-	}
-
-	var token string
-
-	// Try to create a reauthentication token with WebAuthn
-	credentialAssertionData, err := protocol.ParseCredentialRequestResponseBody(c.Request.Body)
-	if err == nil {
-		token, err = wc.webAuthnService.CreateReauthenticationTokenWithWebauthn(c.Request.Context(), sessionID, credentialAssertionData)
-		if err != nil {
-			_ = c.Error(err)
-			return
-		}
-	} else {
-		// If WebAuthn fails, try to create a reauthentication token with the access token
-		accessToken, _ := c.Cookie(cookie.AccessTokenCookieName)
-		token, err = wc.webAuthnService.CreateReauthenticationTokenWithAccessToken(c.Request.Context(), accessToken)
-		if err != nil {
-			_ = c.Error(err)
-			return
-		}
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"reauthenticationToken": token})
-}

backend/internal/controller/well_known_controller.go

@@ -84,13 +84,20 @@ func (wkc *WellKnownController) computeOIDCConfiguration() ([]byte, error) {
 		"device_authorization_endpoint":                  appUrl + "/api/oidc/device/authorize",
 		"jwks_uri":                                       internalAppUrl + "/.well-known/jwks.json",
 		"grant_types_supported":                          []string{service.GrantTypeAuthorizationCode, service.GrantTypeRefreshToken, service.GrantTypeDeviceCode, service.GrantTypeClientCredentials},
-		"scopes_supported":                               []string{"openid", "profile", "email", "groups"},
-		"claims_supported":                               []string{"sub", "given_name", "family_name", "name", "email", "email_verified", "preferred_username", "picture", "groups"},
+		"scopes_supported":                               []string{"openid", "profile", "email", "groups", "offline_access"},
+		"claims_supported":                               []string{"sub", "given_name", "family_name", "name", "display_name", "email", "email_verified", "preferred_username", "picture", "groups", "auth_time", "amr"},
 		"response_types_supported":                       []string{"code", "id_token"},
 		"subject_types_supported":                        []string{"public"},
 		"id_token_signing_alg_values_supported":          []string{alg.String()},
 		"authorization_response_iss_parameter_supported": true,
 		"code_challenge_methods_supported":               []string{"plain", "S256"},
+		"request_parameter_supported":                    true,
+		"request_uri_parameter_supported":                false,
+		"request_object_signing_alg_values_supported":    []string{"none"},
+		"prompt_values_supported":                        []string{"none", "login", "consent", "select_account"},
+		"token_endpoint_auth_methods_supported":          []string{"client_secret_basic", "client_secret_post", "none"},
+		"pushed_authorization_request_endpoint":          internalAppUrl + "/api/oidc/par",
+		"require_pushed_authorization_requests":          false,
 	}
 	return json.Marshal(config)
 }

backend/internal/dto/app_config_dto.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ type AppConfigVariableDto struct {
 type AppConfigUpdateDto struct {
 	AppName                                    string `json:"appName" binding:"required,min=1,max=30" unorm:"nfc"`
 	SessionDuration                            string `json:"sessionDuration" binding:"required"`
+	HomePageURL                                string `json:"homePageUrl" binding:"required"`
 	EmailsVerified                             string `json:"emailsVerified" binding:"required"`
 	DisableAnimations                          string `json:"disableAnimations" binding:"required"`
 	AllowOwnAccountEdit                        string `json:"allowOwnAccountEdit" binding:"required"`
@@ -47,10 +48,11 @@ type AppConfigUpdateDto struct {
 	LdapAttributeGroupMember                   string `json:"ldapAttributeGroupMember"`
 	LdapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier         string `json:"ldapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier"`
 	LdapAttributeGroupName                     string `json:"ldapAttributeGroupName"`
-	LdapAttributeAdminGroup                    string `json:"ldapAttributeAdminGroup"`
+	LdapAdminGroupName                         string `json:"ldapAdminGroupName"`
 	LdapSoftDeleteUsers                        string `json:"ldapSoftDeleteUsers"`
 	EmailOneTimeAccessAsAdminEnabled           string `json:"emailOneTimeAccessAsAdminEnabled" binding:"required"`
 	EmailOneTimeAccessAsUnauthenticatedEnabled string `json:"emailOneTimeAccessAsUnauthenticatedEnabled" binding:"required"`
 	EmailLoginNotificationEnabled              string `json:"emailLoginNotificationEnabled" binding:"required"`
 	EmailApiKeyExpirationEnabled               string `json:"emailApiKeyExpirationEnabled" binding:"required"`
+	EmailVerificationEnabled                   string `json:"emailVerificationEnabled" binding:"required"`
 }

backend/internal/dto/audit_log_dto.go

@@ -8,12 +8,13 @@ type AuditLogDto struct {
 	ID        string            `json:"id"`
 	CreatedAt datatype.DateTime `json:"createdAt"`
 
-	Event     string            `json:"event"`
-	IpAddress string            `json:"ipAddress"`
-	Country   string            `json:"country"`
-	City      string            `json:"city"`
-	Device    string            `json:"device"`
-	UserID    string            `json:"userID"`
-	Username  string            `json:"username"`
-	Data      map[string]string `json:"data"`
+	Event         string            `json:"event"`
+	IpAddress     string            `json:"ipAddress"`
+	Country       string            `json:"country"`
+	City          string            `json:"city"`
+	Device        string            `json:"device"`
+	UserID        string            `json:"userID"`
+	Username      string            `json:"username"`
+	ActorUsername string            `json:"actorUsername"`
+	Data          map[string]string `json:"data"`
 }

backend/internal/dto/dto_mapper_test.go

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
 	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
 )
 
 type sourceStruct struct {
@@ -60,11 +59,11 @@ type embeddedStruct struct {
 func TestMapStruct(t *testing.T) {
 	src := sourceStruct{
 		AString:            "abcd",
-		AStringPtr:         utils.Ptr("xyz"),
+		AStringPtr:         new("xyz"),
 		ABool:              true,
-		ABoolPtr:           utils.Ptr(false),
+		ABoolPtr:           new(false),
 		ACustomDateTime:    datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2025, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, time.UTC)),
-		ACustomDateTimePtr: utils.Ptr(datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2024, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, time.UTC))),
+		ACustomDateTimePtr: new(datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2024, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, time.UTC))),
 		ANilStringPtr:      nil,
 		ASlice:             []string{"a", "b", "c"},
 		AMap: map[string]int{
@@ -80,8 +79,8 @@ func TestMapStruct(t *testing.T) {
 			Bar: 111,
 		},
 
-		StringPtrToString:      utils.Ptr("foobar"),
-		EmptyStringPtrToString: utils.Ptr(""),
+		StringPtrToString:      new("foobar"),
+		EmptyStringPtrToString: new(""),
 		NilStringPtrToString:   nil,
 		IntToInt64:             99,
 		AuditLogEventToString:  model.AuditLogEventAccountCreated,
@@ -118,11 +117,11 @@ func TestMapStructList(t *testing.T) {
 	sources := []sourceStruct{
 		{
 			AString:            "first",
-			AStringPtr:         utils.Ptr("one"),
+			AStringPtr:         new("one"),
 			ABool:              true,
-			ABoolPtr:           utils.Ptr(false),
+			ABoolPtr:           new(false),
 			ACustomDateTime:    datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2025, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, time.UTC)),
-			ACustomDateTimePtr: utils.Ptr(datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2024, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, time.UTC))),
+			ACustomDateTimePtr: new(datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2024, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, time.UTC))),
 			ASlice:             []string{"a", "b"},
 			AMap: map[string]int{
 				"a": 1,
@@ -136,11 +135,11 @@ func TestMapStructList(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			AString:            "second",
-			AStringPtr:         utils.Ptr("two"),
+			AStringPtr:         new("two"),
 			ABool:              false,
-			ABoolPtr:           utils.Ptr(true),
+			ABoolPtr:           new(true),
 			ACustomDateTime:    datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2026, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 0, time.UTC)),
-			ACustomDateTimePtr: utils.Ptr(datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2023, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 0, time.UTC))),
+			ACustomDateTimePtr: new(datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2023, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 0, time.UTC))),
 			ASlice:             []string{"c", "d", "e"},
 			AMap: map[string]int{
 				"c": 3,

backend/internal/dto/dto_normalize.go

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package dto
 
 import (
-	"net/http"
 	"reflect"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
@@ -12,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 // Normalize iterates through an object and performs Unicode normalization on all string fields with the `unorm` tag.
 func Normalize(obj any) {
 	v := reflect.ValueOf(obj)
-	if v.Kind() != reflect.Ptr || v.IsNil() {
+	if v.Kind() != reflect.Pointer || v.IsNil() {
 		return
 	}
 	v = v.Elem()
@@ -21,7 +20,7 @@ func Normalize(obj any) {
 	if v.Kind() == reflect.Slice {
 		for i := 0; i < v.Len(); i++ {
 			elem := v.Index(i)
-			if elem.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && !elem.IsNil() && elem.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Struct {
+			if elem.Kind() == reflect.Pointer && !elem.IsNil() && elem.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Struct {
 				Normalize(elem.Interface())
 			} else if elem.Kind() == reflect.Struct && elem.CanAddr() {
 				Normalize(elem.Addr().Interface())
@@ -73,22 +72,3 @@ loop:
 func ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(ctx *gin.Context, obj any) error {
 	return ctx.ShouldBindWith(obj, binding.JSON)
 }
-
-type NormalizerJSONBinding struct{}
-
-func (NormalizerJSONBinding) Name() string {
-	return "json"
-}
-
-func (NormalizerJSONBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj any) error {
-	// Use the default JSON binder
-	err := binding.JSON.Bind(req, obj)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// Perform normalization
-	Normalize(obj)
-
-	return nil
-}

backend/internal/dto/oidc_dto.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
 type OidcClientMetaDataDto struct {
 	ID                       string  `json:"id"`
 	Name                     string  `json:"name"`
+	Description              string  `json:"description"`
 	HasLogo                  bool    `json:"hasLogo"`
 	HasDarkLogo              bool    `json:"hasDarkLogo"`
 	LaunchURL                *string `json:"launchURL"`
@@ -13,16 +14,20 @@ type OidcClientMetaDataDto struct {
 
 type OidcClientDto struct {
 	OidcClientMetaDataDto
-	CallbackURLs       []string                 `json:"callbackURLs"`
-	LogoutCallbackURLs []string                 `json:"logoutCallbackURLs"`
-	IsPublic           bool                     `json:"isPublic"`
-	PkceEnabled        bool                     `json:"pkceEnabled"`
-	Credentials        OidcClientCredentialsDto `json:"credentials"`
+	CallbackURLs                        []string                 `json:"callbackURLs"`
+	LogoutCallbackURLs                  []string                 `json:"logoutCallbackURLs"`
+	IsPublic                            bool                     `json:"isPublic"`
+	PkceEnabled                         bool                     `json:"pkceEnabled"`
+	RequiresPushedAuthorizationRequests bool                     `json:"requiresPushedAuthorizationRequests"`
+	SkipConsent                         bool                     `json:"skipConsent"`
+	Credentials                         OidcClientCredentialsDto `json:"credentials"`
+	IsGroupRestricted                   bool                     `json:"isGroupRestricted"`
+	PkceSupported                       bool                     `json:"pkceSupported,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type OidcClientWithAllowedUserGroupsDto struct {
 	OidcClientDto
-	AllowedUserGroups []UserGroupDtoWithUserCount `json:"allowedUserGroups"`
+	AllowedUserGroups []UserGroupMinimalDto `json:"allowedUserGroups"`
 }
 
 type OidcClientWithAllowedGroupsCountDto struct {
@@ -31,18 +36,22 @@ type OidcClientWithAllowedGroupsCountDto struct {
 }
 
 type OidcClientUpdateDto struct {
-	Name                     string                   `json:"name" binding:"required,max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
-	CallbackURLs             []string                 `json:"callbackURLs" binding:"omitempty,dive,callback_url"`
-	LogoutCallbackURLs       []string                 `json:"logoutCallbackURLs" binding:"omitempty,dive,callback_url"`
-	IsPublic                 bool                     `json:"isPublic"`
-	PkceEnabled              bool                     `json:"pkceEnabled"`
-	RequiresReauthentication bool                     `json:"requiresReauthentication"`
-	Credentials              OidcClientCredentialsDto `json:"credentials"`
-	LaunchURL                *string                  `json:"launchURL" binding:"omitempty,url"`
-	HasLogo                  bool                     `json:"hasLogo"`
-	HasDarkLogo              bool                     `json:"hasDarkLogo"`
-	LogoURL                  *string                  `json:"logoUrl"`
-	DarkLogoURL              *string                  `json:"darkLogoUrl"`
+	Name                                string                   `json:"name" binding:"required,max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
+	Description                         string                   `json:"description" binding:"omitempty,max=150" unorm:"nfc"`
+	CallbackURLs                        []string                 `json:"callbackURLs" binding:"omitempty,dive,callback_url_pattern"`
+	LogoutCallbackURLs                  []string                 `json:"logoutCallbackURLs" binding:"omitempty,dive,callback_url_pattern"`
+	IsPublic                            bool                     `json:"isPublic"`
+	PkceEnabled                         bool                     `json:"pkceEnabled"`
+	RequiresReauthentication            bool                     `json:"requiresReauthentication"`
+	RequiresPushedAuthorizationRequests bool                     `json:"requiresPushedAuthorizationRequests"`
+	SkipConsent                         bool                     `json:"skipConsent"`
+	Credentials                         OidcClientCredentialsDto `json:"credentials"`
+	LaunchURL                           *string                  `json:"launchURL" binding:"omitempty,url"`
+	HasLogo                             bool                     `json:"hasLogo"`
+	HasDarkLogo                         bool                     `json:"hasDarkLogo"`
+	LogoURL                             *string                  `json:"logoUrl"`
+	DarkLogoURL                         *string                  `json:"darkLogoUrl"`
+	IsGroupRestricted                   bool                     `json:"isGroupRestricted"`
 }
 
 type OidcClientCreateDto struct {
@@ -55,48 +64,11 @@ type OidcClientCredentialsDto struct {
 }
 
 type OidcClientFederatedIdentityDto struct {
-	Issuer   string `json:"issuer"`
-	Subject  string `json:"subject,omitempty"`
-	Audience string `json:"audience,omitempty"`
-	JWKS     string `json:"jwks,omitempty"`
-}
-
-type AuthorizeOidcClientRequestDto struct {
-	ClientID              string `json:"clientID" binding:"required"`
-	Scope                 string `json:"scope" binding:"required"`
-	CallbackURL           string `json:"callbackURL"`
-	Nonce                 string `json:"nonce"`
-	CodeChallenge         string `json:"codeChallenge"`
-	CodeChallengeMethod   string `json:"codeChallengeMethod"`
-	ReauthenticationToken string `json:"reauthenticationToken"`
-}
-
-type AuthorizeOidcClientResponseDto struct {
-	Code        string `json:"code"`
-	CallbackURL string `json:"callbackURL"`
-	Issuer      string `json:"issuer"`
-}
-
-type AuthorizationRequiredDto struct {
-	ClientID string `json:"clientID" binding:"required"`
-	Scope    string `json:"scope" binding:"required"`
-}
-
-type OidcCreateTokensDto struct {
-	GrantType           string `form:"grant_type" binding:"required"`
-	Code                string `form:"code"`
-	DeviceCode          string `form:"device_code"`
-	ClientID            string `form:"client_id"`
-	ClientSecret        string `form:"client_secret"`
-	CodeVerifier        string `form:"code_verifier"`
-	RefreshToken        string `form:"refresh_token"`
-	ClientAssertion     string `form:"client_assertion"`
-	ClientAssertionType string `form:"client_assertion_type"`
-	Resource            string `form:"resource"`
-}
-
-type OidcIntrospectDto struct {
-	Token string `form:"token" binding:"required"`
+	Issuer           string `json:"issuer"`
+	Subject          string `json:"subject,omitempty"`
+	Audience         string `json:"audience,omitempty"`
+	JWKS             string `json:"jwks,omitempty"`
+	ReplayProtection bool   `json:"replayProtection"`
 }
 
 type OidcUpdateAllowedUserGroupsDto struct {
@@ -110,35 +82,6 @@ type OidcLogoutDto struct {
 	State                 string `form:"state"`
 }
 
-type OidcTokenResponseDto struct {
-	AccessToken  string `json:"access_token"`
-	TokenType    string `json:"token_type"`
-	IdToken      string `json:"id_token,omitempty"`
-	RefreshToken string `json:"refresh_token,omitempty"`
-	ExpiresIn    int    `json:"expires_in"`
-}
-
-type OidcIntrospectionResponseDto struct {
-	Active     bool     `json:"active"`
-	TokenType  string   `json:"token_type,omitempty"`
-	Scope      string   `json:"scope,omitempty"`
-	Expiration int64    `json:"exp,omitempty"`
-	IssuedAt   int64    `json:"iat,omitempty"`
-	NotBefore  int64    `json:"nbf,omitempty"`
-	Subject    string   `json:"sub,omitempty"`
-	Audience   []string `json:"aud,omitempty"`
-	Issuer     string   `json:"iss,omitempty"`
-	Identifier string   `json:"jti,omitempty"`
-}
-
-type OidcDeviceAuthorizationRequestDto struct {
-	ClientID            string `form:"client_id" binding:"required"`
-	Scope               string `form:"scope" binding:"required"`
-	ClientSecret        string `form:"client_secret"`
-	ClientAssertion     string `form:"client_assertion"`
-	ClientAssertionType string `form:"client_assertion_type"`
-}
-
 type OidcDeviceAuthorizationResponseDto struct {
 	DeviceCode              string `json:"device_code"`
 	UserCode                string `json:"user_code"`
@@ -146,20 +89,20 @@ type OidcDeviceAuthorizationResponseDto struct {
 	VerificationURIComplete string `json:"verification_uri_complete"`
 	ExpiresIn               int    `json:"expires_in"`
 	Interval                int    `json:"interval"`
-	RequiresAuthorization   bool   `json:"requires_authorization"`
 }
 
-type OidcDeviceTokenRequestDto struct {
-	GrantType    string `form:"grant_type" binding:"required,eq=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:device_code"`
-	DeviceCode   string `form:"device_code" binding:"required"`
-	ClientID     string `form:"client_id"`
-	ClientSecret string `form:"client_secret"`
+type ScopeInfoDto struct {
+	Key         string `json:"key"`
+	Name        string `json:"name"`
+	Description string `json:"description,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type DeviceCodeInfoDto struct {
-	Scope                 string                `json:"scope"`
-	AuthorizationRequired bool                  `json:"authorizationRequired"`
-	Client                OidcClientMetaDataDto `json:"client"`
+	Scope                    []string              `json:"scope"`
+	ScopeInfo                []ScopeInfoDto        `json:"scopeInfo"`
+	AuthorizationRequired    bool                  `json:"authorizationRequired"`
+	ReauthenticationRequired bool                  `json:"reauthenticationRequired"`
+	Client                   OidcClientMetaDataDto `json:"client"`
 }
 
 type AuthorizedOidcClientDto struct {

backend/internal/dto/one_time_access_dto.go

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package dto
+
+import "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+
+type OneTimeAccessTokenCreateDto struct {
+	TTL utils.JSONDuration `json:"ttl" binding:"ttl"`
+}
+
+type OneTimeAccessEmailAsUnauthenticatedUserDto struct {
+	Email        string `json:"email" binding:"required,email" unorm:"nfc"`
+	RedirectPath string `json:"redirectPath"`
+}
+
+type OneTimeAccessEmailAsAdminDto struct {
+	TTL utils.JSONDuration `json:"ttl" binding:"ttl"`
+}

backend/internal/dto/scim_dto.go

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+package dto
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+)
+
+type ScimServiceProviderDTO struct {
+	ID           string                `json:"id"`
+	Endpoint     string                `json:"endpoint"`
+	Token        string                `json:"token"`
+	LastSyncedAt *datatype.DateTime    `json:"lastSyncedAt"`
+	OidcClient   OidcClientMetaDataDto `json:"oidcClient"`
+	CreatedAt    datatype.DateTime     `json:"createdAt"`
+}
+
+type ScimServiceProviderCreateDTO struct {
+	Endpoint     string `json:"endpoint" binding:"required,url"`
+	Token        string `json:"token"`
+	OidcClientID string `json:"oidcClientId" binding:"required"`
+}
+
+type ScimUser struct {
+	ScimResourceData
+	UserName string      `json:"userName"`
+	Name     *ScimName   `json:"name,omitempty"`
+	Display  string      `json:"displayName,omitempty"`
+	Active   bool        `json:"active"`
+	Emails   []ScimEmail `json:"emails,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type ScimName struct {
+	GivenName  string `json:"givenName,omitempty"`
+	FamilyName string `json:"familyName,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type ScimEmail struct {
+	Value   string `json:"value"`
+	Primary bool   `json:"primary,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type ScimGroup struct {
+	ScimResourceData
+	Display string            `json:"displayName"`
+	Members []ScimGroupMember `json:"members,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type ScimGroupMember struct {
+	Value string `json:"value"`
+}
+
+type ScimListResponse[T any] struct {
+	Resources    []T `json:"Resources"`
+	TotalResults int `json:"totalResults"`
+	StartIndex   int `json:"startIndex"`
+	ItemsPerPage int `json:"itemsPerPage"`
+}
+
+type ScimResourceData struct {
+	ID         string           `json:"id,omitempty"`
+	ExternalID string           `json:"externalId,omitempty"`
+	Schemas    []string         `json:"schemas"`
+	Meta       ScimResourceMeta `json:"meta,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type ScimResourceMeta struct {
+	Location     string    `json:"location,omitempty"`
+	ResourceType string    `json:"resourceType,omitempty"`
+	Created      time.Time `json:"created"`
+	LastModified time.Time `json:"lastModified,omitempty"`
+	Version      string    `json:"version,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (r ScimResourceData) GetID() string {
+	return r.ID
+}
+
+func (r ScimResourceData) GetExternalID() string {
+	return r.ExternalID
+}
+
+func (r ScimResourceData) GetSchemas() []string {
+	return r.Schemas
+}
+
+func (r ScimResourceData) GetMeta() ScimResourceMeta {
+	return r.Meta
+}
+
+type ScimResource interface {
+	GetID() string
+	GetExternalID() string
+	GetSchemas() []string
+	GetMeta() ScimResourceMeta
+}

backend/internal/dto/signup_token_dto.go

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-package dto
-
-import (
-	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
-)
-
-type SignupTokenCreateDto struct {
-	TTL        utils.JSONDuration `json:"ttl" binding:"required,ttl"`
-	UsageLimit int                `json:"usageLimit" binding:"required,min=1,max=100"`
-}
-
-type SignupTokenDto struct {
-	ID         string            `json:"id"`
-	Token      string            `json:"token"`
-	ExpiresAt  datatype.DateTime `json:"expiresAt"`
-	UsageLimit int               `json:"usageLimit"`
-	UsageCount int               `json:"usageCount"`
-	CreatedAt  datatype.DateTime `json:"createdAt"`
-}

backend/internal/dto/user_dto.go

@@ -4,34 +4,36 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
 )
 
 type UserDto struct {
-	ID           string           `json:"id"`
-	Username     string           `json:"username"`
-	Email        *string          `json:"email" `
-	FirstName    string           `json:"firstName"`
-	LastName     *string          `json:"lastName"`
-	DisplayName  string           `json:"displayName"`
-	IsAdmin      bool             `json:"isAdmin"`
-	Locale       *string          `json:"locale"`
-	CustomClaims []CustomClaimDto `json:"customClaims"`
-	UserGroups   []UserGroupDto   `json:"userGroups"`
-	LdapID       *string          `json:"ldapId"`
-	Disabled     bool             `json:"disabled"`
+	ID            string                `json:"id"`
+	Username      string                `json:"username"`
+	Email         *string               `json:"email"`
+	EmailVerified bool                  `json:"emailVerified"`
+	FirstName     string                `json:"firstName"`
+	LastName      *string               `json:"lastName"`
+	DisplayName   string                `json:"displayName"`
+	IsAdmin       bool                  `json:"isAdmin"`
+	Locale        *string               `json:"locale"`
+	CustomClaims  []CustomClaimDto      `json:"customClaims"`
+	UserGroups    []UserGroupMinimalDto `json:"userGroups"`
+	LdapID        *string               `json:"ldapId"`
+	Disabled      bool                  `json:"disabled"`
 }
 
 type UserCreateDto struct {
-	Username    string  `json:"username" binding:"required,username,min=2,max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
-	Email       *string `json:"email" binding:"omitempty,email" unorm:"nfc"`
-	FirstName   string  `json:"firstName" binding:"required,min=1,max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
-	LastName    string  `json:"lastName" binding:"max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
-	DisplayName string  `json:"displayName" binding:"required,min=1,max=100" unorm:"nfc"`
-	IsAdmin     bool    `json:"isAdmin"`
-	Locale      *string `json:"locale"`
-	Disabled    bool    `json:"disabled"`
-	LdapID      string  `json:"-"`
+	Username      string   `json:"username" binding:"required,username,min=1,max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
+	Email         *string  `json:"email" binding:"omitempty,email" unorm:"nfc"`
+	EmailVerified bool     `json:"emailVerified"`
+	FirstName     string   `json:"firstName" binding:"max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
+	LastName      string   `json:"lastName" binding:"max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
+	DisplayName   string   `json:"displayName" binding:"max=100" unorm:"nfc"`
+	IsAdmin       bool     `json:"isAdmin"`
+	Locale        *string  `json:"locale"`
+	Disabled      bool     `json:"disabled"`
+	UserGroupIds  []string `json:"userGroupIds"`
+	LdapID        string   `json:"-"`
 }
 
 func (u UserCreateDto) Validate() error {
@@ -45,28 +47,10 @@ func (u UserCreateDto) Validate() error {
 	return e.Struct(u)
 }
 
-type OneTimeAccessTokenCreateDto struct {
-	UserID string             `json:"userId"`
-	TTL    utils.JSONDuration `json:"ttl" binding:"ttl"`
-}
-
-type OneTimeAccessEmailAsUnauthenticatedUserDto struct {
-	Email        string `json:"email" binding:"required,email" unorm:"nfc"`
-	RedirectPath string `json:"redirectPath"`
-}
-
-type OneTimeAccessEmailAsAdminDto struct {
-	TTL utils.JSONDuration `json:"ttl" binding:"ttl"`
+type EmailVerificationDto struct {
+	Token string `json:"token" binding:"required"`
 }
 
 type UserUpdateUserGroupDto struct {
 	UserGroupIds []string `json:"userGroupIds" binding:"required"`
 }
-
-type SignUpDto struct {
-	Username  string  `json:"username" binding:"required,username,min=2,max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
-	Email     *string `json:"email" binding:"omitempty,email" unorm:"nfc"`
-	FirstName string  `json:"firstName" binding:"required,min=1,max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
-	LastName  string  `json:"lastName" binding:"max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
-	Token     string  `json:"token"`
-}

backend/internal/dto/user_dto_test.go

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package dto
 import (
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
@@ -17,7 +16,7 @@ func TestUserCreateDto_Validate(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "valid input",
 			input: UserCreateDto{
 				Username:    "testuser",
-				Email:       utils.Ptr("test@example.com"),
+				Email:       new("test@example.com"),
 				FirstName:   "John",
 				LastName:    "Doe",
 				DisplayName: "John Doe",
@@ -27,27 +26,37 @@ func TestUserCreateDto_Validate(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			name: "missing username",
 			input: UserCreateDto{
-				Email:       utils.Ptr("test@example.com"),
+				Email:       new("test@example.com"),
 				FirstName:   "John",
 				LastName:    "Doe",
 				DisplayName: "John Doe",
 			},
 			wantErr: "Field validation for 'Username' failed on the 'required' tag",
 		},
+		{
+			name: "missing first name",
+			input: UserCreateDto{
+				Username: "testuser",
+				Email:    new("test@example.com"),
+				LastName: "Doe",
+			},
+			wantErr: "",
+		},
 		{
 			name: "missing display name",
 			input: UserCreateDto{
-				Email:     utils.Ptr("test@example.com"),
+				Username:  "testuser",
+				Email:     new("test@example.com"),
 				FirstName: "John",
 				LastName:  "Doe",
 			},
-			wantErr: "Field validation for 'DisplayName' failed on the 'required' tag",
+			wantErr: "",
 		},
 		{
 			name: "username contains invalid characters",
 			input: UserCreateDto{
 				Username:    "test/ser",
-				Email:       utils.Ptr("test@example.com"),
+				Email:       new("test@example.com"),
 				FirstName:   "John",
 				LastName:    "Doe",
 				DisplayName: "John Doe",
@@ -58,7 +67,7 @@ func TestUserCreateDto_Validate(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "invalid email",
 			input: UserCreateDto{
 				Username:    "testuser",
-				Email:       utils.Ptr("not-an-email"),
+				Email:       new("not-an-email"),
 				FirstName:   "John",
 				LastName:    "Doe",
 				DisplayName: "John Doe",
@@ -69,18 +78,18 @@ func TestUserCreateDto_Validate(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "first name too short",
 			input: UserCreateDto{
 				Username:    "testuser",
-				Email:       utils.Ptr("test@example.com"),
+				Email:       new("test@example.com"),
 				FirstName:   "",
 				LastName:    "Doe",
 				DisplayName: "John Doe",
 			},
-			wantErr: "Field validation for 'FirstName' failed on the 'required' tag",
+			wantErr: "",
 		},
 		{
 			name: "last name too long",
 			input: UserCreateDto{
 				Username:    "testuser",
-				Email:       utils.Ptr("test@example.com"),
+				Email:       new("test@example.com"),
 				FirstName:   "John",
 				LastName:    "abcdfghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz",
 				DisplayName: "John Doe",

backend/internal/dto/user_group_dto.go

@@ -8,25 +8,17 @@ import (
 )
 
 type UserGroupDto struct {
-	ID           string            `json:"id"`
-	FriendlyName string            `json:"friendlyName"`
-	Name         string            `json:"name"`
-	CustomClaims []CustomClaimDto  `json:"customClaims"`
-	LdapID       *string           `json:"ldapId"`
-	CreatedAt    datatype.DateTime `json:"createdAt"`
+	ID                 string                  `json:"id"`
+	FriendlyName       string                  `json:"friendlyName"`
+	Name               string                  `json:"name"`
+	CustomClaims       []CustomClaimDto        `json:"customClaims"`
+	LdapID             *string                 `json:"ldapId"`
+	CreatedAt          datatype.DateTime       `json:"createdAt"`
+	Users              []UserDto               `json:"users"`
+	AllowedOidcClients []OidcClientMetaDataDto `json:"allowedOidcClients"`
 }
 
-type UserGroupDtoWithUsers struct {
-	ID           string            `json:"id"`
-	FriendlyName string            `json:"friendlyName"`
-	Name         string            `json:"name"`
-	CustomClaims []CustomClaimDto  `json:"customClaims"`
-	Users        []UserDto         `json:"users"`
-	LdapID       *string           `json:"ldapId"`
-	CreatedAt    datatype.DateTime `json:"createdAt"`
-}
-
-type UserGroupDtoWithUserCount struct {
+type UserGroupMinimalDto struct {
 	ID           string            `json:"id"`
 	FriendlyName string            `json:"friendlyName"`
 	Name         string            `json:"name"`
@@ -36,6 +28,10 @@ type UserGroupDtoWithUserCount struct {
 	CreatedAt    datatype.DateTime `json:"createdAt"`
 }
 
+type UserGroupUpdateAllowedOidcClientsDto struct {
+	OidcClientIDs []string `json:"oidcClientIds" binding:"required"`
+}
+
 type UserGroupCreateDto struct {
 	FriendlyName string `json:"friendlyName" binding:"required,min=2,max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
 	Name         string `json:"name" binding:"required,min=2,max=255" unorm:"nfc"`

backend/internal/dto/validations.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/ory/fosite"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
@@ -15,43 +16,47 @@ import (
 // [a-zA-Z0-9]      : The username must start with an alphanumeric character
 // [a-zA-Z0-9_.@-]* : The rest of the username can contain alphanumeric characters, dots, underscores, hyphens, and "@" symbols
 // [a-zA-Z0-9]$     : The username must end with an alphanumeric character
-var validateUsernameRegex = regexp.MustCompile("^[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9_.@-]*[a-zA-Z0-9]$")
+// (...)?           : This allows single-character usernames (just one alphanumeric character)
+var validateUsernameRegex = regexp.MustCompile("^[a-zA-Z0-9]([a-zA-Z0-9_.@-]*[a-zA-Z0-9])?$")
 
 var validateClientIDRegex = regexp.MustCompile("^[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+$")
 
 func init() {
-	v := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate)
+	engine := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate)
 
 	// Maximum allowed value for TTLs
 	const maxTTL = 31 * 24 * time.Hour
 
-	if err := v.RegisterValidation("username", func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
-		return ValidateUsername(fl.Field().String())
-	}); err != nil {
-		panic("Failed to register custom validation for username: " + err.Error())
+	validators := map[string]validator.Func{
+		"username": func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
+			return ValidateUsername(fl.Field().String())
+		},
+		"client_id": func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
+			return ValidateClientID(fl.Field().String())
+		},
+		"ttl": func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
+			ttl, ok := fl.Field().Interface().(utils.JSONDuration)
+			if !ok {
+				return false
+			}
+			// Allow zero, which means the field wasn't set
+			return ttl.Duration == 0 || (ttl.Duration > time.Second && ttl.Duration <= maxTTL)
+		},
+		"callback_url": func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
+			return ValidateCallbackURL(fl.Field().String())
+		},
+		"callback_url_pattern": func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
+			return ValidateCallbackURLPattern(fl.Field().String())
+		},
+		"resource_uri": func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
+			return ValidateResourceURI(fl.Field().String())
+		},
 	}
-
-	if err := v.RegisterValidation("client_id", func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
-		return ValidateClientID(fl.Field().String())
-	}); err != nil {
-		panic("Failed to register custom validation for client_id: " + err.Error())
-	}
-
-	if err := v.RegisterValidation("ttl", func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
-		ttl, ok := fl.Field().Interface().(utils.JSONDuration)
-		if !ok {
-			return false
+	for k, v := range validators {
+		err := engine.RegisterValidation(k, v)
+		if err != nil {
+			panic("Failed to register custom validation for " + k + ": " + err.Error())
 		}
-		// Allow zero, which means the field wasn't set
-		return ttl.Duration == 0 || (ttl.Duration > time.Second && ttl.Duration <= maxTTL)
-	}); err != nil {
-		panic("Failed to register custom validation for ttl: " + err.Error())
-	}
-
-	if err := v.RegisterValidation("callback_url", func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
-		return ValidateCallbackURL(fl.Field().String())
-	}); err != nil {
-		panic("Failed to register custom validation for callback_url: " + err.Error())
 	}
 }
 
@@ -65,21 +70,39 @@ func ValidateClientID(clientID string) bool {
 	return validateClientIDRegex.MatchString(clientID)
 }
 
-// ValidateCallbackURL validates callback URLs with support for wildcards
-func ValidateCallbackURL(raw string) bool {
-	// Don't validate if it contains a wildcard
-	if strings.Contains(raw, "*") {
+// isActiveContentScheme reports whether the URL scheme can carry executable content, so it must never be accepted where a URL might later be rendered as a link
+func isActiveContentScheme(scheme string) bool {
+	switch strings.ToLower(scheme) {
+	case "javascript", "data":
 		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// ValidateResourceURI validates RFC 8707 resource identifiers
+func ValidateResourceURI(str string) bool {
+	if !fosite.IsValidResourceIndicatorURI(str) {
+		return false
 	}
 
-	u, err := url.Parse(raw)
+	// Reject active-content schemes so a resource identifier can never carry executable content if it is ever surfaced as a link
+	u, _ := url.Parse(str)
+	return !isActiveContentScheme(u.Scheme)
+}
+
+// ValidateCallbackURL validates the input callback URL
+func ValidateCallbackURL(str string) bool {
+	// Ensure the URL is a valid one and that the protocol is not "javascript:" or "data:"
+	u, err := url.Parse(str)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false
 	}
 
-	if !u.IsAbs() {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	return true
+	return !isActiveContentScheme(u.Scheme)
+}
+
+// ValidateCallbackURLPattern validates callback URL patterns, with support for wildcards.
+func ValidateCallbackURLPattern(raw string) bool {
+	return utils.ValidateCallbackURLPattern(raw) == nil
 }

backend/internal/dto/validations_test.go

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ func TestValidateUsername(t *testing.T) {
 		{"starts with symbol", ".username", false},
 		{"ends with non-alphanumeric", "username-", false},
 		{"contains space", "user name", false},
+		{"valid single char", "a", true},
 		{"empty", "", false},
 		{"only special chars", "-._@", false},
 		{"valid long", "a1234567890_b.c-d@e", true},
@@ -56,3 +57,80 @@ func TestValidateClientID(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestValidateResourceURI(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		input    string
+		expected bool
+	}{
+		{"valid https URI", "https://api.example.com", true},
+		{"valid custom scheme URI", "api://PocketID", true},
+		{"valid URN", "urn:my-app", true},
+		{"valid query component", "https://api.example.com?tenant=1", true},
+		{"invalid relative path", "/foo", false},
+		{"invalid plain string", "foo", false},
+		{"invalid fragment", "https://api.example.com#tokens", false},
+		{"invalid empty fragment", "https://api.example.com#", false},
+		{"invalid unescaped path space", "https://api.example.com/a b", false},
+		{"invalid unescaped opaque space", "urn:my app", false},
+		{"invalid malformed URI", "http://[::1", false},
+		{"invalid javascript scheme", "javascript:alert(1)", false},
+		{"invalid data scheme", "data:text/html,<script>alert(1)</script>", false},
+		{"empty", "", false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, ValidateResourceURI(tt.input))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidateCallbackURL(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		input    string
+		expected bool
+	}{
+		{"valid https URL", "https://example.com/callback", true},
+		{"valid loopback URL", "http://127.0.0.1:49813/callback", true},
+		{"empty scheme", "//127.0.0.1:49813/callback", true},
+		{"valid custom scheme", "pocketid://callback", true},
+		{"invalid malformed URL", "http://[::1", false},
+		{"invalid missing scheme separator", "://example.com/callback", false},
+		{"rejects javascript scheme", "javascript:alert(1)", false},
+		{"rejects mixed case javascript scheme", "JavaScript:alert(1)", false},
+		{"rejects data scheme", "data:text/html;base64,PGgxPkhlbGxvPC9oMT4=", false},
+		{"rejects mixed case data scheme", "DaTa:text/html;base64,PGgxPkhlbGxvPC9oMT4=", false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, ValidateCallbackURL(tt.input))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidateCallbackURLPattern(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		input    string
+		expected bool
+	}{
+		{"valid exact URL", "https://example.com/callback", true},
+		{"valid wildcard URL", "https://*.example.com/callback", true},
+		{"valid custom scheme", "pocketid://callback", true},
+		{"valid global wildcard", "*", true},
+		{"invalid relative URL", "/callback", false},
+		{"invalid malformed URL", "http://[::1", false},
+		{"rejects javascript scheme", "javascript:alert(1)", false},
+		{"rejects data scheme", "data:text/html;base64,PGgxPkhlbGxvPC9oMT4=", false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, ValidateCallbackURLPattern(tt.input))
+		})
+	}
+}

backend/internal/dto/webauthn_dto.go

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ type WebauthnCredentialDto struct {
 	Name            string                            `json:"name"`
 	CredentialID    string                            `json:"credentialID"`
 	AttestationType string                            `json:"attestationType"`
-	Transport       []protocol.AuthenticatorTransport `json:"transport"`
+	Transport       []protocol.AuthenticatorTransport `json:"transport" swaggertype:"array,string"`
 
 	BackupEligible bool `json:"backupEligible"`
 	BackupState    bool `json:"backupState"`

backend/internal/job/analytics_job.go

@@ -5,11 +5,12 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
 	"net/http"
 	"time"
 
 	backoff "github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5"
-	"github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2"
+	"github.com/italypaleale/francis/builtin/cronjob"
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
@@ -17,49 +18,76 @@ import (
 
 const heartbeatUrl = "https://analytics.pocket-id.org/heartbeat"
 
-func (s *Scheduler) RegisterAnalyticsJob(ctx context.Context, appConfig *service.AppConfigService, httpClient *http.Client) error {
+// GetAnalyticsJob returns the CronJob actor
+func GetAnalyticsJob(appConfig *service.AppConfigService, httpClient *http.Client) (*cronjob.CronJob, error) {
 	// Skip if analytics are disabled or not in production environment
-	if common.EnvConfig.AnalyticsDisabled || common.EnvConfig.AppEnv != "production" {
-		return nil
+	if common.EnvConfig.AnalyticsDisabled || !common.EnvConfig.AppEnv.IsProduction() {
+		return nil, nil
 	}
 
-	// Send every 24 hours
-	jobs := &AnalyticsJob{
-		appConfig:  appConfig,
+	job := &AnalyticsJob{
 		httpClient: httpClient,
 	}
-	return s.registerJob(ctx, "SendHeartbeat", gocron.DurationJob(24*time.Hour), jobs.sendHeartbeat, true)
+	err := job.createBody(appConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error pre-computing request body: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Create the built-in actor
+	cj, err := cronjob.New(
+		"Analytics",
+		cronjob.WithJob(job.sendHeartbeat),
+		// Run every 24 hours
+		cronjob.WithInterval(24*time.Hour),
+		// Run immediately upon registration too
+		cronjob.WithImmediate(),
+		cronjob.WithLogger(slog.Default()),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error creating Analytics job: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return cj, nil
 }
 
 type AnalyticsJob struct {
-	appConfig  *service.AppConfigService
 	httpClient *http.Client
+	body       []byte
 }
 
-// sendHeartbeat sends a heartbeat to the analytics service
-func (j *AnalyticsJob) sendHeartbeat(parentCtx context.Context) error {
-	// Skip if analytics are disabled or not in production environment
-	if common.EnvConfig.AnalyticsDisabled || common.EnvConfig.AppEnv != "production" {
-		return nil
-	}
-
+// createBody pre-computes the body for all requests
+func (j *AnalyticsJob) createBody(appConfig *service.AppConfigService) error {
 	body, err := json.Marshal(struct {
 		Version    string `json:"version"`
 		InstanceID string `json:"instance_id"`
 	}{
 		Version:    common.Version,
-		InstanceID: j.appConfig.GetDbConfig().InstanceID.Value,
+		InstanceID: appConfig.GetDbConfig().InstanceID.Value,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal heartbeat body: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	_, err = backoff.Retry(
+	// Set the body in the object
+	j.body = body
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// sendHeartbeat sends a heartbeat to the analytics service
+func (j *AnalyticsJob) sendHeartbeat(parentCtx context.Context) error {
+	// Skip if analytics are disabled or not in production environment
+	if common.EnvConfig.AnalyticsDisabled || !common.EnvConfig.AppEnv.IsProduction() {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Use a backoff to retry
+	_, err := backoff.Retry(
 		parentCtx,
 		func() (struct{}, error) {
 			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(parentCtx, 20*time.Second)
 			defer cancel()
-			req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, heartbeatUrl, bytes.NewReader(body))
+			req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, heartbeatUrl, bytes.NewReader(j.body))
 			if err != nil {
 				return struct{}{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to create request: %w", err)
 			}
@@ -77,7 +105,6 @@ func (j *AnalyticsJob) sendHeartbeat(parentCtx context.Context) error {
 		backoff.WithBackOff(backoff.NewExponentialBackOff()),
 		backoff.WithMaxTries(3),
 	)
-
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("heartbeat request failed: %w", err)
 	}

backend/internal/job/api_key_expiry_job.go

@@ -7,22 +7,26 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2"
 
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/apikey"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/email"
 )
 
 type ApiKeyEmailJobs struct {
-	apiKeyService    *service.ApiKeyService
+	apiKeyModule     *apikey.Module
 	appConfigService *service.AppConfigService
+	emailService     *service.EmailService
 }
 
-func (s *Scheduler) RegisterApiKeyExpiryJob(ctx context.Context, apiKeyService *service.ApiKeyService, appConfigService *service.AppConfigService) error {
+func (s *Scheduler) RegisterApiKeyExpiryJob(ctx context.Context, apiKeyModule *apikey.Module, appConfigService *service.AppConfigService, emailService *service.EmailService) error {
 	jobs := &ApiKeyEmailJobs{
-		apiKeyService:    apiKeyService,
+		apiKeyModule:     apiKeyModule,
 		appConfigService: appConfigService,
+		emailService:     emailService,
 	}
 
 	// Send every day at midnight
-	return s.registerJob(ctx, "ExpiredApiKeyEmailJob", gocron.CronJob("0 0 * * *", false), jobs.checkAndNotifyExpiringApiKeys, false)
+	return s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ExpiredApiKeyEmailJob", gocron.CronJob("0 0 * * *", false), jobs.checkAndNotifyExpiringApiKeys, service.RegisterJobOpts{})
 }
 
 func (j *ApiKeyEmailJobs) checkAndNotifyExpiringApiKeys(ctx context.Context) error {
@@ -31,7 +35,7 @@ func (j *ApiKeyEmailJobs) checkAndNotifyExpiringApiKeys(ctx context.Context) err
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	apiKeys, err := j.apiKeyService.ListExpiringApiKeys(ctx, 7)
+	apiKeys, err := j.apiKeyModule.ListExpiringApiKeys(ctx, 7)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to list expiring API keys: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -40,9 +44,29 @@ func (j *ApiKeyEmailJobs) checkAndNotifyExpiringApiKeys(ctx context.Context) err
 		if key.User.Email == nil {
 			continue
 		}
-		err = j.apiKeyService.SendApiKeyExpiringSoonEmail(ctx, key)
+
+		err = service.SendEmail(ctx, j.emailService, email.Address{
+			Name:  key.User.FullName(),
+			Email: *key.User.Email,
+		}, service.ApiKeyExpiringSoonTemplate, &service.ApiKeyExpiringSoonTemplateData{
+			Name:       key.User.FirstName,
+			ApiKeyName: key.Name,
+			ExpiresAt:  key.ExpiresAt.ToTime(),
+		})
 		if err != nil {
-			slog.ErrorContext(ctx, "Failed to send expiring API key notification email", slog.String("key", key.ID), slog.Any("error", err))
+			slog.ErrorContext(ctx, "Failed to send expiring API key notification email",
+				slog.String("key", key.ID),
+				slog.String("user", key.User.ID),
+				slog.Any("error", err),
+			)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if err = j.apiKeyModule.MarkExpirationEmailSent(ctx, key.ID); err != nil {
+			slog.ErrorContext(ctx, "Failed to record that the expiration email was sent",
+				slog.String("key", key.ID),
+				slog.Any("error", err),
+			)
 		}
 	}
 	return nil

backend/internal/job/db_cleanup_job.go

@@ -7,26 +7,41 @@ import (
 	"log/slog"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2"
+	backoff "github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
 	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/oidc"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/usersignup"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/webauthn"
 )
 
 func (s *Scheduler) RegisterDbCleanupJobs(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB) error {
 	jobs := &DbCleanupJobs{db: db}
 
-	// Run every 24 hours (but with some jitter so they don't run at the exact same time), and now
-	def := gocron.DurationRandomJob(24*time.Hour-2*time.Minute, 24*time.Hour+2*time.Minute)
+	newBackOff := func() *backoff.ExponentialBackOff {
+		bo := backoff.NewExponentialBackOff()
+		bo.Multiplier = 4
+		bo.RandomizationFactor = 0.1
+		bo.InitialInterval = time.Second
+		bo.MaxInterval = 45 * time.Second
+		return bo
+	}
+
+	// Use exponential backoff for each DB cleanup job so transient query failures are retried automatically rather than causing an immediate job failure
 	return errors.Join(
-		s.registerJob(ctx, "ClearWebauthnSessions", def, jobs.clearWebauthnSessions, true),
-		s.registerJob(ctx, "ClearOneTimeAccessTokens", def, jobs.clearOneTimeAccessTokens, true),
-		s.registerJob(ctx, "ClearSignupTokens", def, jobs.clearSignupTokens, true),
-		s.registerJob(ctx, "ClearOidcAuthorizationCodes", def, jobs.clearOidcAuthorizationCodes, true),
-		s.registerJob(ctx, "ClearOidcRefreshTokens", def, jobs.clearOidcRefreshTokens, true),
-		s.registerJob(ctx, "ClearReauthenticationTokens", def, jobs.clearReauthenticationTokens, true),
-		s.registerJob(ctx, "ClearAuditLogs", def, jobs.clearAuditLogs, true),
+		s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ClearWebauthnSessions", jobDefWithJitter(24*time.Hour), jobs.clearWebauthnSessions, service.RegisterJobOpts{RunImmediately: true, BackOff: newBackOff()}),
+		s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ClearOneTimeAccessTokens", jobDefWithJitter(24*time.Hour), jobs.clearOneTimeAccessTokens, service.RegisterJobOpts{RunImmediately: true, BackOff: newBackOff()}),
+		s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ClearSignupTokens", jobDefWithJitter(24*time.Hour), jobs.clearSignupTokens, service.RegisterJobOpts{RunImmediately: true, BackOff: newBackOff()}),
+		s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ClearEmailVerificationTokens", jobDefWithJitter(24*time.Hour), jobs.clearEmailVerificationTokens, service.RegisterJobOpts{RunImmediately: true, BackOff: newBackOff()}),
+		s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ClearOAuth2Sessions", jobDefWithJitter(24*time.Hour), jobs.clearOAuth2Sessions, service.RegisterJobOpts{RunImmediately: true, BackOff: newBackOff()}),
+		s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ClearOAuth2JTIs", jobDefWithJitter(24*time.Hour), jobs.clearOAuth2JTIs, service.RegisterJobOpts{RunImmediately: true, BackOff: newBackOff()}),
+		s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ClearInteractionSessions", jobDefWithJitter(24*time.Hour), jobs.clearInteractionSessions, service.RegisterJobOpts{RunImmediately: true, BackOff: newBackOff()}),
+		s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ClearReauthenticationTokens", jobDefWithJitter(24*time.Hour), jobs.clearReauthenticationTokens, service.RegisterJobOpts{RunImmediately: true, BackOff: newBackOff()}),
+		s.RegisterJob(ctx, "ClearAuditLogs", jobDefWithJitter(24*time.Hour), jobs.clearAuditLogs, service.RegisterJobOpts{RunImmediately: true, BackOff: newBackOff()}),
 	)
 }
 
@@ -34,16 +49,14 @@ type DbCleanupJobs struct {
 	db *gorm.DB
 }
 
-// ClearWebauthnSessions deletes WebAuthn sessions that have expired
+// clearWebauthnSessions deletes expired WebAuthn challenge sessions.
 func (j *DbCleanupJobs) clearWebauthnSessions(ctx context.Context) error {
-	st := j.db.
-		WithContext(ctx).
-		Delete(&model.WebauthnSession{}, "expires_at < ?", datatype.DateTime(time.Now()))
-	if st.Error != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to clean expired WebAuthn sessions: %w", st.Error)
+	count, err := webauthn.CleanupExpiredSessions(ctx, j.db)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to clean expired WebAuthn sessions: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	slog.InfoContext(ctx, "Cleaned expired WebAuthn sessions", slog.Int64("count", st.RowsAffected))
+	slog.InfoContext(ctx, "Cleaned expired WebAuthn sessions", slog.Int64("count", count))
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -62,68 +75,74 @@ func (j *DbCleanupJobs) clearOneTimeAccessTokens(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// ClearSignupTokens deletes signup tokens that have expired
+// clearSignupTokens deletes signup tokens that have expired
 func (j *DbCleanupJobs) clearSignupTokens(ctx context.Context) error {
-	// Delete tokens that are expired OR have reached their usage limit
-	st := j.db.
-		WithContext(ctx).
-		Delete(&model.SignupToken{}, "expires_at < ?", datatype.DateTime(time.Now()))
-	if st.Error != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to clean expired tokens: %w", st.Error)
+	count, err := usersignup.CleanupExpiredSignupTokens(ctx, j.db)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to clean expired signup tokens: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	slog.InfoContext(ctx, "Cleaned expired tokens", slog.Int64("count", st.RowsAffected))
+	slog.InfoContext(ctx, "Cleaned expired signup tokens", slog.Int64("count", count))
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-// ClearOidcAuthorizationCodes deletes OIDC authorization codes that have expired
-func (j *DbCleanupJobs) clearOidcAuthorizationCodes(ctx context.Context) error {
-	st := j.db.
-		WithContext(ctx).
-		Delete(&model.OidcAuthorizationCode{}, "expires_at < ?", datatype.DateTime(time.Now()))
-	if st.Error != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to clean expired OIDC authorization codes: %w", st.Error)
+// clearOAuth2Sessions deletes expired and invalidated OAuth2 sessions.
+func (j *DbCleanupJobs) clearOAuth2Sessions(ctx context.Context) error {
+	count, err := oidc.CleanupExpiredOAuth2Sessions(ctx, j.db)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to clean OAuth2 sessions: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	slog.InfoContext(ctx, "Cleaned expired OIDC authorization codes", slog.Int64("count", st.RowsAffected))
+	slog.InfoContext(ctx, "Cleaned OAuth2 sessions", slog.Int64("count", count))
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-// ClearOidcAuthorizationCodes deletes OIDC authorization codes that have expired
-func (j *DbCleanupJobs) clearOidcRefreshTokens(ctx context.Context) error {
-	st := j.db.
-		WithContext(ctx).
-		Delete(&model.OidcRefreshToken{}, "expires_at < ?", datatype.DateTime(time.Now()))
-	if st.Error != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to clean expired OIDC refresh tokens: %w", st.Error)
+// clearOAuth2JTIs deletes expired JWT IDs used for client assertion replay protection.
+func (j *DbCleanupJobs) clearOAuth2JTIs(ctx context.Context) error {
+	count, err := oidc.CleanupExpiredClientAssertionJTIs(ctx, j.db)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to clean OAuth2 client assertion JTIs: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	slog.InfoContext(ctx, "Cleaned expired OIDC refresh tokens", slog.Int64("count", st.RowsAffected))
+	slog.InfoContext(ctx, "Cleaned OAuth2 client assertion JTIs", slog.Int64("count", count))
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-// ClearReauthenticationTokens deletes reauthentication tokens that have expired
+// clearInteractionSessions deletes abandoned OIDC interaction sessions.
+func (j *DbCleanupJobs) clearInteractionSessions(ctx context.Context) error {
+	count, err := oidc.CleanupAbandonedInteractionSessions(ctx, j.db)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to clean interaction sessions: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	slog.InfoContext(ctx, "Cleaned interaction sessions", slog.Int64("count", count))
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// clearReauthenticationTokens deletes expired reauthentication tokens.
+// What counts as expired is owned by the webauthn module.
 func (j *DbCleanupJobs) clearReauthenticationTokens(ctx context.Context) error {
-	st := j.db.
-		WithContext(ctx).
-		Delete(&model.ReauthenticationToken{}, "expires_at < ?", datatype.DateTime(time.Now()))
-	if st.Error != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to clean expired reauthentication tokens: %w", st.Error)
+	count, err := webauthn.CleanupExpiredReauthenticationTokens(ctx, j.db)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to clean expired reauthentication tokens: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	slog.InfoContext(ctx, "Cleaned expired reauthentication tokens", slog.Int64("count", st.RowsAffected))
+	slog.InfoContext(ctx, "Cleaned expired reauthentication tokens", slog.Int64("count", count))
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-// ClearAuditLogs deletes audit logs older than 90 days
+// ClearAuditLogs deletes audit logs older than the configured retention window
 func (j *DbCleanupJobs) clearAuditLogs(ctx context.Context) error {
+	cutoff := time.Now().AddDate(0, 0, -common.EnvConfig.AuditLogRetentionDays)
+
 	st := j.db.
 		WithContext(ctx).
-		Delete(&model.AuditLog{}, "created_at < ?", datatype.DateTime(time.Now().AddDate(0, 0, -90)))
+		Delete(&model.AuditLog{}, "created_at < ?", datatype.DateTime(cutoff))
 	if st.Error != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete old audit logs: %w", st.Error)
 	}
@@ -132,3 +151,16 @@ func (j *DbCleanupJobs) clearAuditLogs(ctx context.Context) error {
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+// ClearEmailVerificationTokens deletes email verification tokens that have expired
+func (j *DbCleanupJobs) clearEmailVerificationTokens(ctx context.Context) error {
+	st := j.db.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		Delete(&model.EmailVerificationToken{}, "expires_at < ?", datatype.DateTime(time.Now()))
+	if st.Error != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to clean expired email verification tokens: %w", st.Error)
+	}
+
+	slog.InfoContext(ctx, "Cleaned expired email verification tokens", slog.Int64("count", st.RowsAffected))
+	return nil
+}