fix: global audit log user filter not working

Co-authored-by: Elias Schneider <login@eliasschneider.com>

.dockerignore

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-node_modules
+**/node_modules
 
 # Output
 .output

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.yml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 name: "🐛 Bug Report"
 description: "Report something that is not working as expected"
 title: "🐛 Bug Report: "
-labels: [bug]
+type: 'Bug'
 body:
   - type: markdown
     attributes:
@@ -36,13 +36,29 @@ body:
       value: |
         ### Additional Information
   - type: textarea
-    id: extra-information
+    id: version
     validations:
       required: true
     attributes:
-      label: "Version and Environment"
-      description: "Please specify the version of Pocket ID, along with any environment-specific configurations, such your reverse proxy, that might be relevant."
+      label: "Pocket ID Version"
+      description: "Please specify the version of Pocket ID."
       placeholder: "e.g., v0.24.1"
+  - type: textarea
+    id: database
+    validations:
+      required: true
+    attributes:
+      label: "Database"
+      description: "Please specify the database in use: SQLite or Postgres (including version)."
+      placeholder: "e.g., SQLite or Postgres 17"
+  - type: textarea
+    id: environment
+    validations:
+      required: true
+    attributes:
+      label: "OS and Environment"
+      description: "Please include the OS, whether you're using containers (Docker, Podman, etc) along with any environment-specific configurations, such your reverse proxy, that might be relevant."
+      placeholder: "e.g., Docker on Ubuntu 24.04, served using Traefik"
   - type: textarea
     id: log-files
     validations:

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature.yml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 name: 🚀 Feature
 description: "Submit a proposal for a new feature"
 title: "🚀 Feature: "
-labels: [feature]
+type: 'Feature'
 body:
   - type: textarea
     id: feature-description

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/language-request.yml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 name: "🌐 Language request"
 description: "You want to contribute to a language that isn't on Crowdin yet?"
 title: "🌐 Language Request: <language name in english>"
-labels: [language-request]
+type: 'Language Request'
 body:
   - type: input
     id: language-name-native

.github/workflows/backend-linter.yml

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ name: Run Backend Linter
 
 on:
   push:
-    branches: [main]
+    branches: [main, breaking/**]
     paths:
       - "backend/**"
   pull_request:
-    branches: [main]
+    branches: [main, breaking/**]
     paths:
       - "backend/**"
 
@@ -24,17 +24,17 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
       - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
         with:
           go-version-file: backend/go.mod
 
       - name: Run Golangci-lint
-        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@dec74fa03096ff515422f71d18d41307cacde373 # v7.0.0
+        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v8.0.0
         with:
-          version: v2.0.2
+          version: v2.4.0
           args: --build-tags=exclude_frontend
           working-directory: backend
           only-new-issues: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}

.github/workflows/build-next.yml

@@ -19,17 +19,18 @@ jobs:
       attestations: write
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+
+      - name: Setup pnpm
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
 
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v5
         with:
           node-version: 22
-          cache: "npm"
-          cache-dependency-path: frontend/package-lock.json
 
       - name: Setup Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
         with:
           go-version-file: "backend/go.mod"
 
@@ -54,12 +55,11 @@ jobs:
           password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
 
       - name: Install frontend dependencies
-        working-directory: frontend
-        run: npm ci
+        run: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
 
       - name: Build frontend
         working-directory: frontend
-        run: npm run build
+        run: pnpm run build
 
       - name: Build binaries
         run: sh scripts/development/build-binaries.sh --docker-only
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ jobs:
           platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
           push: true
           tags: ${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}:next
-          file: Dockerfile-prebuilt
+          file: docker/Dockerfile-prebuilt
       - name: Build and push container image (distroless)
         uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
         id: container-build-push-distroless
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ jobs:
           platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
           push: true
           tags: ${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}:next-distroless
-          file: Dockerfile-distroless
+          file: docker/Dockerfile-distroless
       - name: Container image attestation
         uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v2
         with:

.github/workflows/e2e-tests.yml

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 name: E2E Tests
 on:
   push:
-    branches: [main]
+    branches: [main, breaking/**]
     paths-ignore:
       - "docs/**"
       - "**.md"
       - ".github/**"
   pull_request:
-    branches: [main]
+    branches: [main, breaking/**]
     paths-ignore:
       - "docs/**"
       - "**.md"
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
       actions: write
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
         uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build and export
         uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
         with:
+          context: .
+          file: docker/Dockerfile
           push: false
           load: false
           tags: pocket-id:test
@@ -45,29 +47,107 @@ jobs:
           path: /tmp/docker-image.tar
           retention-days: 1
 
-  test-sqlite:
+  test:
     if: github.event.pull_request.head.ref != 'i18n_crowdin'
     permissions:
       contents: read
       actions: write
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: build
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - db: sqlite
+            storage: fs
+          - db: postgres
+            storage: fs
+          - db: sqlite
+            storage: s3
+          - db: sqlite
+            storage: database
+          - db: postgres
+            storage: database
+
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+
+      - name: Setup pnpm
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
+
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v5
         with:
           node-version: 22
-          cache: "npm"
-          cache-dependency-path: frontend/package-lock.json
 
       - name: Cache Playwright Browsers
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
         id: playwright-cache
         with:
           path: ~/.cache/ms-playwright
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-playwright-${{ hashFiles('frontend/package-lock.json') }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-playwright-
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-playwright-${{ hashFiles('pnpm-lock.yaml') }}
+
+      - name: Cache PostgreSQL Docker image
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        id: postgres-cache
+        with:
+          path: /tmp/postgres-image.tar
+          key: postgres-17-${{ runner.os }}
+      - name: Pull and save PostgreSQL image
+        if: matrix.db == 'postgres' && steps.postgres-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        run: |
+          docker pull postgres:17
+          docker save postgres:17 > /tmp/postgres-image.tar
+      - name: Load PostgreSQL image
+        if: matrix.db == 'postgres' && steps.postgres-cache.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
+        run: docker load < /tmp/postgres-image.tar
+
+      - name: Cache LLDAP Docker image
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        id: lldap-cache
+        with:
+          path: /tmp/lldap-image.tar
+          key: lldap-stable-${{ runner.os }}
+      - name: Pull and save LLDAP image
+        if: steps.lldap-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        run: |
+          docker pull lldap/lldap:2025-05-19
+          docker save lldap/lldap:2025-05-19 > /tmp/lldap-image.tar
+      - name: Load LLDAP image
+        if: steps.lldap-cache.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
+        run: docker load < /tmp/lldap-image.tar
+
+      - name: Cache Localstack S3 Docker image
+        if: matrix.storage == 's3'
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        id: s3-cache
+        with:
+          path: /tmp/localstack-s3-image.tar
+          key: localstack-s3-latest-${{ runner.os }}
+      - name: Pull and save Localstack S3 image
+        if: matrix.storage == 's3' && steps.s3-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        run: |
+          docker pull localstack/localstack:s3-latest
+          docker save localstack/localstack:s3-latest > /tmp/localstack-s3-image.tar
+      - name: Load Localstack S3 image
+        if: matrix.storage == 's3' && steps.s3-cache.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
+        run: docker load < /tmp/localstack-s3-image.tar
+
+      - name: Cache AWS CLI Docker image
+        if: matrix.storage == 's3'
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        id: aws-cli-cache
+        with:
+          path: /tmp/aws-cli-image.tar
+          key: aws-cli-latest-${{ runner.os }}
+      - name: Pull and save AWS CLI image
+        if: matrix.storage == 's3' && steps.aws-cli-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        run: |
+          docker pull amazon/aws-cli:latest
+          docker save amazon/aws-cli:latest > /tmp/aws-cli-image.tar
+      - name: Load AWS CLI image
+        if: matrix.storage == 's3' && steps.aws-cli-cache.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
+        run: docker load < /tmp/aws-cli-image.tar
 
       - name: Download Docker image artifact
         uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
@@ -78,47 +158,38 @@ jobs:
       - name: Load Docker image
         run: docker load -i /tmp/docker-image.tar
 
-      - name: Cache LLDAP Docker image
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
-        id: lldap-cache
-        with:
-          path: /tmp/lldap-image.tar
-          key: lldap-stable-${{ runner.os }}
-
-      - name: Pull and save LLDAP image
-        if: steps.lldap-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: |
-          docker pull nitnelave/lldap:stable
-          docker save nitnelave/lldap:stable > /tmp/lldap-image.tar
-
-      - name: Load LLDAP image from cache
-        if: steps.lldap-cache.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
-        run: docker load < /tmp/lldap-image.tar
-
       - name: Install test dependencies
-        working-directory: ./tests
-        run: npm ci
+        run: pnpm --filter pocket-id-tests install --frozen-lockfile
 
       - name: Install Playwright Browsers
         working-directory: ./tests
         if: steps.playwright-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: npx playwright install --with-deps chromium
+        run: pnpm exec playwright install --with-deps chromium
 
-      - name: Run Docker Container with Sqlite DB and LDAP
+      - name: Run Docker containers
         working-directory: ./tests/setup
         run: |
-          docker compose up -d
-          docker compose logs -f pocket-id &> /tmp/backend.log &
+          DOCKER_COMPOSE_FILE=docker-compose.yml
+
+          export FILE_BACKEND="${{ matrix.storage }}"
+          if [ "${{ matrix.db }}" = "postgres" ]; then
+            DOCKER_COMPOSE_FILE=docker-compose-postgres.yml
+          elif [ "${{ matrix.storage }}" = "s3" ]; then
+            DOCKER_COMPOSE_FILE=docker-compose-s3.yml
+          fi
+
+          docker compose -f "$DOCKER_COMPOSE_FILE" up -d
+          docker compose -f "$DOCKER_COMPOSE_FILE" logs -f pocket-id &> /tmp/backend.log &
 
       - name: Run Playwright tests
         working-directory: ./tests
-        run: npx playwright test
+        run: pnpm exec playwright test
 
       - name: Upload Test Report
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         if: always() && github.event.pull_request.head.ref != 'i18n_crowdin'
         with:
-          name: playwright-report-sqlite
+          name: playwright-report-${{ matrix.db }}-${{ matrix.storage }}
           path: tests/.report
           include-hidden-files: true
           retention-days: 15
@@ -127,111 +198,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         if: always() && github.event.pull_request.head.ref != 'i18n_crowdin'
         with:
-          name: backend-sqlite
-          path: /tmp/backend.log
-          include-hidden-files: true
-          retention-days: 15
-
-  test-postgres:
-    if: github.event.pull_request.head.ref != 'i18n_crowdin'
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      actions: write
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: build
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
-        with:
-          node-version: 22
-          cache: "npm"
-          cache-dependency-path: frontend/package-lock.json
-
-      - name: Cache Playwright Browsers
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
-        id: playwright-cache
-        with:
-          path: ~/.cache/ms-playwright
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-playwright-${{ hashFiles('frontend/package-lock.json') }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-playwright-
-
-      - name: Cache PostgreSQL Docker image
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
-        id: postgres-cache
-        with:
-          path: /tmp/postgres-image.tar
-          key: postgres-17-${{ runner.os }}
-
-      - name: Pull and save PostgreSQL image
-        if: steps.postgres-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: |
-          docker pull postgres:17
-          docker save postgres:17 > /tmp/postgres-image.tar
-
-      - name: Load PostgreSQL image from cache
-        if: steps.postgres-cache.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
-        run: docker load < /tmp/postgres-image.tar
-
-      - name: Cache LLDAP Docker image
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
-        id: lldap-cache
-        with:
-          path: /tmp/lldap-image.tar
-          key: lldap-stable-${{ runner.os }}
-
-      - name: Pull and save LLDAP image
-        if: steps.lldap-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: |
-          docker pull nitnelave/lldap:stable
-          docker save nitnelave/lldap:stable > /tmp/lldap-image.tar
-
-      - name: Load LLDAP image from cache
-        if: steps.lldap-cache.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
-        run: docker load < /tmp/lldap-image.tar
-
-      - name: Download Docker image artifact
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: docker-image
-          path: /tmp
-
-      - name: Load Docker image
-        run: docker load -i /tmp/docker-image.tar
-
-      - name: Install test dependencies
-        working-directory: ./tests
-        run: npm ci
-
-      - name: Install Playwright Browsers
-        working-directory: ./tests
-        if: steps.playwright-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: npx playwright install --with-deps chromium
-
-      - name: Run Docker Container with Postgres DB and LDAP
-        working-directory: ./tests/setup
-        run: |
-          docker compose -f docker-compose-postgres.yml up -d
-          docker compose -f docker-compose-postgres.yml logs -f pocket-id &> /tmp/backend.log &
-
-      - name: Run Playwright tests
-        working-directory: ./tests
-        run: npx playwright test
-
-      - name: Upload Test Report
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        if: always() && github.event.pull_request.head.ref != 'i18n_crowdin'
-        with:
-          name: playwright-report-postgres
-          path: frontend/tests/.report
-          include-hidden-files: true
-          retention-days: 15
-
-      - name: Upload Backend Test Report
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        if: always() && github.event.pull_request.head.ref != 'i18n_crowdin'
-        with:
-          name: backend-postgres
+          name: backend-${{ matrix.db }}-${{ matrix.storage }}
           path: /tmp/backend.log
           include-hidden-files: true
           retention-days: 15

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Setup pnpm
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v5
         with:
           node-version: 22
-          cache: "npm"
-          cache-dependency-path: frontend/package-lock.json
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
         with:
           go-version-file: "backend/go.mod"
       - name: Set up QEMU
@@ -62,13 +62,12 @@ jobs:
           tags: |
             type=semver,pattern={{version}},prefix=v
             type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}},prefix=v
-            type=semver,pattern={{major}},prefix=v            
+            type=semver,pattern={{major}},prefix=v
       - name: Install frontend dependencies
-        working-directory: frontend
-        run: npm ci
+        run: pnpm --filter pocket-id-frontend install --frozen-lockfile
       - name: Build frontend
-        working-directory: frontend
-        run: npm run build
+        run: pnpm --filter pocket-id-frontend build
+
       - name: Build binaries
         run: sh scripts/development/build-binaries.sh
       - name: Build and push container image
@@ -80,7 +79,7 @@ jobs:
           push: true
           tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
           labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
-          file: Dockerfile-prebuilt
+          file: docker/Dockerfile-prebuilt
       - name: Build and push container image (distroless)
         uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
         id: container-build-push-distroless
@@ -90,7 +89,7 @@ jobs:
           push: true
           tags: ${{ steps.meta-distroless.outputs.tags }}
           labels: ${{ steps.meta-distroless.outputs.labels }}
-          file: Dockerfile-distroless
+          file: docker/Dockerfile-distroless
       - name: Binary attestation
         uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v2
         with:
@@ -121,6 +120,6 @@ jobs:
       GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Mark release as published
         run: gh release edit ${{ github.ref_name }} --draft=false

.github/workflows/svelte-check.yml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name: Svelte Check
 
 on:
   push:
-    branches: [main]
+    branches: [main, breaking/**]
     paths:
       - "frontend/src/**"
       - ".github/svelte-check-matcher.json"
@@ -34,26 +34,26 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+
+      - name: Setup pnpm
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
 
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v5
         with:
           node-version: 22
-          cache: "npm"
-          cache-dependency-path: frontend/package-lock.json
 
       - name: Install dependencies
-        working-directory: frontend
-        run: npm ci
+        run: pnpm --filter pocket-id-frontend install --frozen-lockfile
 
       - name: Build Pocket ID Frontend
         working-directory: frontend
-        run: npm run build
+        run: pnpm --filter pocket-id-frontend build
 
       - name: Add svelte-check problem matcher
         run: echo "::add-matcher::.github/svelte-check-matcher.json"
 
       - name: Run svelte-check
         working-directory: frontend
-        run: npm run check
+        run: pnpm --filter pocket-id-frontend check

.github/workflows/unit-tests.yml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 name: Unit Tests
 on:
   push:
-    branches: [main]
+    branches: [main, breaking/**]
     paths:
       - "backend/**"
   pull_request:
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ jobs:
       actions: write
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
         with:
           go-version-file: "backend/go.mod"
           cache-dependency-path: "backend/go.sum"

.github/workflows/update-aaguids.yml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
       - name: Fetch JSON data
         run: |

.gitignore

@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 # JetBrains
 **/.idea
 
+# Node
 node_modules
 
+# PNPM
+.pnpm-store/
+
 # Output
 .output
 .vercel

.version

@@ -1 +1 @@
-1.6.1
+1.15.0

.vscode/launch.json

@@ -5,12 +5,14 @@
       "name": "Backend",
       "type": "go",
       "request": "launch",
-      "envFile": "${workspaceFolder}/backend/cmd/.env",
+      "envFile": "${workspaceFolder}/backend/.env",
       "env": {
         "APP_ENV": "development"
       },
       "mode": "debug",
       "program": "${workspaceFolder}/backend/cmd/main.go",
+      "buildFlags": "-tags=exclude_frontend",
+      "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/backend",
     },
     {
       "name": "Frontend",

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Before you submit the pull request for review please ensure that
   - **refactor** - code change that neither fixes a bug nor adds a feature
 
 - Your pull request has a detailed description
-- You run `npm run format` to format the code
+- You run `pnpm format` to format the code
 
 ## Development Environment
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ If you use [Dev Containers](https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/remote/containers
 If you don't use Dev Containers, you need to install the following tools manually:
 
 - [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/download/) >= 22
-- [Go](https://golang.org/doc/install) >= 1.24
+- [Go](https://golang.org/doc/install) >= 1.25
 - [Git](https://git-scm.com/downloads)
 
 ### 2. Setup
@@ -69,10 +69,10 @@ The backend is built with [Gin](https://gin-gonic.com) and written in Go. To set
 
 The frontend is built with [SvelteKit](https://kit.svelte.dev) and written in TypeScript. To set it up, follow these steps:
 
-1. Open the `frontend` folder
-2. Copy the `.env.development-example` file to `.env` and edit the variables as needed
-3. Install the dependencies with `npm install`
-4. Start the frontend with `npm run dev`
+1. Open the `pocket-id` project folder
+2. Copy the `frontend/.env.development-example` file to `frontend/.env` and edit the variables as needed
+3. Install the dependencies with `pnpm install`
+4. Start the frontend with `pnpm dev`
 
 You're all set! The application is now listening on `localhost:3000`. The backend gets proxied trough the frontend in development mode.
 
@@ -84,11 +84,13 @@ If you are contributing to a new feature please ensure that you add tests for it
 
 The tests can be run like this:
 
-1. Visit the setup folder by running `cd tests/setup`
+1. Install the dependencies from the root of the project `pnpm install`
 
-2. Start the test environment by running `docker compose up -d --build`
+2. Visit the setup folder by running `cd tests/setup`
 
-3. Go back to the test folder by running `cd ..`
-4. Run the tests with `npx playwright test`
+3. Start the test environment by running `docker compose up -d --build`
+
+4. Go back to the test folder by running `cd ..`
+5. Run the tests with `pnpm dlx playwright test` or from the root project folder `pnpm test`
 
 If you make any changes to the application, you have to rebuild the test environment by running `docker compose up -d --build` again.

backend/.golangci.yml

@@ -61,4 +61,4 @@ formatters:
     paths:
       - third_party$
       - builtin$
-      - examples$
+      - examples$

backend/frontend/frontend_included.go

@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@
 package frontend
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"embed"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"io/fs"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
@@ -12,11 +14,44 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/middleware"
 )
 
 //go:embed all:dist/*
 var frontendFS embed.FS
 
+// This function, created by the init() method, writes to "w" the index.html page, populating the nonce
+var writeIndexFn func(w io.Writer, nonce string) error
+
+func init() {
+	const scriptTag = "<script>"
+
+	// Read the index.html from the bundle
+	index, iErr := fs.ReadFile(frontendFS, "dist/index.html")
+	if iErr != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("failed to read index.html: %w", iErr))
+	}
+
+	writeIndexFn = func(w io.Writer, nonce string) (err error) {
+		// If there's no nonce, write the index as-is
+		if nonce == "" {
+			_, err = w.Write(index)
+			return err
+		}
+
+		// Add nonce to all <script> tags
+		// We replace "<script" with `<script nonce="..."` everywhere it appears
+		modified := bytes.ReplaceAll(
+			index,
+			[]byte(scriptTag),
+			[]byte(`<script nonce="`+nonce+`">`),
+		)
+
+		_, err = w.Write(modified)
+		return err
+	}
+}
+
 func RegisterFrontend(router *gin.Engine) error {
 	distFS, err := fs.Sub(frontendFS, "dist")
 	if err != nil {
@@ -27,13 +62,40 @@ func RegisterFrontend(router *gin.Engine) error {
 	fileServer := NewFileServerWithCaching(http.FS(distFS), int(cacheMaxAge.Seconds()))
 
 	router.NoRoute(func(c *gin.Context) {
-		// Try to serve the requested file
 		path := strings.TrimPrefix(c.Request.URL.Path, "/")
-		if _, err := fs.Stat(distFS, path); os.IsNotExist(err) {
-			// File doesn't exist, serve index.html instead
-			c.Request.URL.Path = "/"
+
+		if strings.HasSuffix(path, "/") {
+			c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, strings.TrimRight(c.Request.URL.String(), "/"))
+			return
 		}
 
+		if strings.HasPrefix(path, "api/") {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": "API endpoint not found"})
+			return
+		}
+
+		// If path is / or does not exist, serve index.html
+		if path == "" {
+			path = "index.html"
+		} else if _, err := fs.Stat(distFS, path); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			path = "index.html"
+		}
+
+		if path == "index.html" {
+			nonce := middleware.GetCSPNonce(c)
+
+			// Do not cache the HTML shell, as it embeds a per-request nonce
+			c.Header("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
+			c.Header("Cache-Control", "no-store")
+			c.Status(http.StatusOK)
+			if err := writeIndexFn(c.Writer, nonce); err != nil {
+				_ = c.Error(fmt.Errorf("failed to write index.html file: %w", err))
+			}
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Serve other static assets with caching
+		c.Request.URL.Path = "/" + path
 		fileServer.ServeHTTP(c.Writer, c.Request)
 	})
 

backend/go.mod

@@ -1,140 +1,177 @@
 module github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend
 
-go 1.24.0
+go 1.25
 
 require (
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.40.0
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config v1.32.2
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials v1.19.2
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3 v1.92.1
+	github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.23.2
 	github.com/caarlos0/env/v11 v11.3.1
-	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.2
+	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.3
 	github.com/disintegration/imageorient v0.0.0-20180920195336-8147d86e83ec
 	github.com/disintegration/imaging v1.6.2
-	github.com/emersion/go-sasl v0.0.0-20200509203442-7bfe0ed36a21
-	github.com/emersion/go-smtp v0.21.3
-	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.7.0
-	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.10.0
+	github.com/emersion/go-sasl v0.0.0-20241020182733-b788ff22d5a6
+	github.com/emersion/go-smtp v0.24.0
+	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.0
+	github.com/gin-contrib/slog v1.2.0
+	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.11.0
+	github.com/glebarez/go-sqlite v1.22.0
 	github.com/glebarez/sqlite v1.11.0
-	github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2 v2.15.0
-	github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3 v3.4.10
-	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.25.0
-	github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn v0.11.2
-	github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4 v4.18.2
+	github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2 v2.18.1
+	github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3 v3.4.12
+	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.28.0
+	github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn v0.15.0
+	github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4 v4.19.0
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-uuid v1.0.3
 	github.com/jinzhu/copier v0.4.0
 	github.com/joho/godotenv v1.5.1
-	github.com/lestrrat-go/httprc/v3 v3.0.0-beta2
-	github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3 v3.0.1
+	github.com/lestrrat-go/httprc/v3 v3.0.1
+	github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3 v3.0.12
+	github.com/lmittmann/tint v1.1.2
+	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20
 	github.com/mileusna/useragent v1.3.5
-	github.com/oschwald/maxminddb-golang/v2 v2.0.0-beta.2
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.9.1
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/exporters/autoexport v0.59.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/github.com/gin-gonic/gin/otelgin v0.60.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.54.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.35.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.35.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.35.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.35.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.35.0
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.37.0
-	golang.org/x/image v0.24.0
-	golang.org/x/time v0.9.0
-	gorm.io/driver/postgres v1.5.11
-	gorm.io/gorm v1.25.12
+	github.com/orandin/slog-gorm v1.4.0
+	github.com/oschwald/maxminddb-golang/v2 v2.1.0
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.10.1
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/otelslog v0.13.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/exporters/autoexport v0.63.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/github.com/gin-gonic/gin/otelgin v0.63.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.63.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.38.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.14.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.38.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.38.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.14.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.38.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.38.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.45.0
+	golang.org/x/image v0.33.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.18.0
+	golang.org/x/text v0.31.0
+	golang.org/x/time v0.14.0
+	gorm.io/driver/postgres v1.6.0
+	gorm.io/gorm v1.31.1
 )
 
 require (
-	github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.0.0-20221128193559-754e69321358 // indirect
+	github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream v1.7.3 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/ec2/imds v1.18.14 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources v1.4.14 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2 v2.7.14 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/ini v1.8.4 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/v4a v1.4.14 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/accept-encoding v1.13.3 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/checksum v1.9.5 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/presigned-url v1.13.14 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/s3shared v1.19.14 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/signin v1.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sso v1.30.5 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ssooidc v1.35.10 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts v1.41.2 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.12.10 // indirect
-	github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.2.3 // indirect
-	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/bytedance/gopkg v0.1.3 // indirect
+	github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.14.2 // indirect
+	github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/cloudwego/base64x v0.1.5 // indirect
+	github.com/cloudwego/base64x v0.1.6 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4 v4.4.0 // indirect
-	github.com/disintegration/gift v1.1.2 // indirect
+	github.com/disintegration/gift v1.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
-	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.8 // indirect
-	github.com/gin-contrib/sse v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/glebarez/go-sqlite v1.21.2 // indirect
-	github.com/go-asn1-ber/asn1-ber v1.5.7 // indirect
-	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 // indirect
+	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.11 // indirect
+	github.com/gin-contrib/sse v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-asn1-ber/asn1-ber v1.5.8-0.20250403174932-29230038a667 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.1 // indirect
-	github.com/go-webauthn/x v0.1.16 // indirect
+	github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-webauthn/x v0.1.26 // indirect
 	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.5 // indirect
-	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.2.2 // indirect
-	github.com/google/go-tpm v0.9.3 // indirect
-	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.26.1 // indirect
+	github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.18.0 // indirect
+	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/google/go-github/v39 v39.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/google/go-querystring v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/google/go-tpm v0.9.7 // indirect
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.27.3 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/errwrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20240606120523-5a60cdf6a761 // indirect
-	github.com/jackc/pgx/v5 v5.7.2 // indirect
+	github.com/jackc/pgx/v5 v5.7.6 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/puddle/v2 v2.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 // indirect
 	github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect
-	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.10 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.4.0 // indirect
-	github.com/lestrrat-go/blackmagic v1.0.3 // indirect
+	github.com/lestrrat-go/blackmagic v1.0.4 // indirect
+	github.com/lestrrat-go/dsig v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/lestrrat-go/dsig-secp256k1 v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/lestrrat-go/httpcc v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/lestrrat-go/option v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/lestrrat-go/option/v2 v2.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/lib/pq v1.10.9 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.24 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.32 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
-	github.com/ncruces/go-strftime v0.1.9 // indirect
-	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.3 // indirect
+	github.com/ncruces/go-strftime v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.4 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.22.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.62.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.23.2 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.67.4 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/otlptranslator v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.19.2 // indirect
+	github.com/quic-go/qpack v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.57.0 // indirect
 	github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec // indirect
 	github.com/robfig/cron/v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/segmentio/asm v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.6 // indirect
+	github.com/segmentio/asm v1.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.10 // indirect
 	github.com/twitchyliquid64/golang-asm v0.15.1 // indirect
-	github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.2.12 // indirect
+	github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/valyala/fastjson v1.6.4 // indirect
 	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.1.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/prometheus v0.59.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploggrpc v0.10.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploghttp v0.10.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetricgrpc v1.35.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetrichttp v1.35.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.35.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.35.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.35.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/prometheus v0.57.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.10.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.35.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace v1.35.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.10.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.10.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.5.0 // indirect
-	go.uber.org/atomic v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/arch v0.14.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250506013437-ce4c2cf36ca6 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.38.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.14.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.33.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.24.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20250218202821-56aae31c358a // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250218202821-56aae31c358a // indirect
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.71.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.5 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.2.1 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/prometheus v0.63.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploggrpc v0.14.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploghttp v0.14.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetricgrpc v1.38.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetrichttp v1.38.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.38.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.38.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.38.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/prometheus v0.60.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.14.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.38.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace v1.38.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.9.0 // indirect
+	go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.3 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/arch v0.23.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20251125195548-87e1e737ad39 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.30.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.47.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.33.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.39.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20251124214823-79d6a2a48846 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20251124214823-79d6a2a48846 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.77.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.10 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
-	modernc.org/libc v1.65.6 // indirect
+	modernc.org/libc v1.67.1 // indirect
 	modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1 // indirect
-	modernc.org/memory v1.10.0 // indirect
-	modernc.org/sqlite v1.37.0 // indirect
+	modernc.org/memory v1.11.0 // indirect
+	modernc.org/sqlite v1.40.1 // indirect
 )

backend/go.sum

@@ -2,79 +2,162 @@ github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20230124172434-306776ec8161 h1:L/gRVlceqvL25
 github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20230124172434-306776ec8161/go.mod h1:xomTg63KZ2rFqZQzSB4Vz2SUXa1BpHTVz9L5PTmPC4E=
 github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.0.0-20221128193559-754e69321358 h1:mFRzDkZVAjdal+s7s0MwaRv9igoPqLRdzOLzw/8Xvq8=
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backend/internal/bootstrap/app_images_bootstrap.go

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+package bootstrap
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/storage"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/resources"
+)
+
+// initApplicationImages copies the images from the embedded directory to the storage backend
+// and returns a map containing the detected file extensions in the application-images directory.
+func initApplicationImages(ctx context.Context, fileStorage storage.FileStorage) (map[string]string, error) {
+	// Previous versions of images
+	// If these are found, they are deleted
+	legacyImageHashes := imageHashMap{
+		"background.jpg": mustDecodeHex("138d510030ed845d1d74de34658acabff562d306476454369a60ab8ade31933f"),
+	}
+
+	sourceFiles, err := resources.FS.ReadDir("images")
+	if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read directory: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	destinationFiles, err := fileStorage.List(ctx, "application-images")
+	if err != nil {
+		if storage.IsNotExist(err) {
+			destinationFiles = []storage.ObjectInfo{}
+		} else {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to list application images: %w", err)
+		}
+
+	}
+	dstNameToExt := make(map[string]string, len(destinationFiles))
+	for _, f := range destinationFiles {
+		// Skip directories
+		_, name := path.Split(f.Path)
+		if name == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		nameWithoutExt, ext := utils.SplitFileName(name)
+		reader, _, err := fileStorage.Open(ctx, f.Path)
+		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
+				continue
+			}
+			slog.Warn("Failed to open application image for hashing", slog.String("name", name), slog.Any("error", err))
+			continue
+		}
+		hash, err := hashStream(reader)
+		reader.Close()
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Warn("Failed to hash application image", slog.String("name", name), slog.Any("error", err))
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Check if the file is a legacy one - if so, delete it
+		if legacyImageHashes.Contains(hash) {
+			slog.Info("Found legacy application image that will be removed", slog.String("name", name))
+			if err := fileStorage.Delete(ctx, f.Path); err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to remove legacy file '%s': %w", name, err)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		dstNameToExt[nameWithoutExt] = ext
+	}
+
+	// Copy images from the images directory to the application-images directory if they don't already exist
+	for _, sourceFile := range sourceFiles {
+		if sourceFile.IsDir() {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		name := sourceFile.Name()
+		nameWithoutExt, ext := utils.SplitFileName(name)
+		srcFilePath := path.Join("images", name)
+
+		if _, exists := dstNameToExt[nameWithoutExt]; exists {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		slog.Info("Writing new application image", slog.String("name", name))
+		srcFile, err := resources.FS.Open(srcFilePath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to open embedded file '%s': %w", name, err)
+		}
+		if err := fileStorage.Save(ctx, path.Join("application-images", name), srcFile); err != nil {
+			srcFile.Close()
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to store application image '%s': %w", name, err)
+		}
+		srcFile.Close()
+		dstNameToExt[nameWithoutExt] = ext
+	}
+
+	return dstNameToExt, nil
+}
+
+type imageHashMap map[string][]byte
+
+func (m imageHashMap) Contains(target []byte) bool {
+	if len(target) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, h := range m {
+		if bytes.Equal(h, target) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func mustDecodeHex(str string) []byte {
+	b, err := hex.DecodeString(str)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return b
+}
+
+func hashStream(r io.Reader) ([]byte, error) {
+	h := sha256.New()
+	if _, err := io.Copy(h, r); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return h.Sum(nil), nil
+}

backend/internal/bootstrap/application_images_bootstrap.go

@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-package bootstrap
-
-import (
-	"log"
-	"os"
-	"path"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/resources"
-)
-
-// initApplicationImages copies the images from the images directory to the application-images directory
-func initApplicationImages() {
-	dirPath := common.EnvConfig.UploadPath + "/application-images"
-
-	sourceFiles, err := resources.FS.ReadDir("images")
-	if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		log.Fatalf("Error reading directory: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	destinationFiles, err := os.ReadDir(dirPath)
-	if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		log.Fatalf("Error reading directory: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Copy images from the images directory to the application-images directory if they don't already exist
-	for _, sourceFile := range sourceFiles {
-		if sourceFile.IsDir() || imageAlreadyExists(sourceFile.Name(), destinationFiles) {
-			continue
-		}
-		srcFilePath := path.Join("images", sourceFile.Name())
-		destFilePath := path.Join(dirPath, sourceFile.Name())
-
-		err := utils.CopyEmbeddedFileToDisk(srcFilePath, destFilePath)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatalf("Error copying file: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func imageAlreadyExists(fileName string, destinationFiles []os.DirEntry) bool {
-	for _, destinationFile := range destinationFiles {
-		sourceFileWithoutExtension := getImageNameWithoutExtension(fileName)
-		destinationFileWithoutExtension := getImageNameWithoutExtension(destinationFile.Name())
-
-		if sourceFileWithoutExtension == destinationFileWithoutExtension {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-
-	return false
-}
-
-func getImageNameWithoutExtension(fileName string) string {
-	idx := strings.LastIndexByte(fileName, '.')
-	if idx < 1 {
-		// No dot found, or fileName starts with a dot
-		return fileName
-	}
-
-	return fileName[:idx]
-}

backend/internal/bootstrap/bootstrap.go

@@ -3,30 +3,65 @@ package bootstrap
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
+	"log/slog"
 	"time"
 
 	_ "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/source/file"
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/job"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/storage"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
 )
 
 func Bootstrap(ctx context.Context) error {
-	initApplicationImages()
-
-	// Initialize the tracer and metrics exporter
-	shutdownFns, httpClient, err := initOtel(ctx, common.EnvConfig.MetricsEnabled, common.EnvConfig.TracingEnabled)
+	// Initialize the observability stack, including the logger, distributed tracing, and metrics
+	shutdownFns, httpClient, err := initObservability(ctx, common.EnvConfig.MetricsEnabled, common.EnvConfig.TracingEnabled)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize OpenTelemetry: %w", err)
 	}
+	slog.InfoContext(ctx, "Pocket ID is starting")
 
 	// Connect to the database
-	db := NewDatabase()
+	db, err := NewDatabase()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize database: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Initialize the file storage backend
+	var fileStorage storage.FileStorage
+
+	switch common.EnvConfig.FileBackend {
+	case storage.TypeFileSystem:
+		fileStorage, err = storage.NewFilesystemStorage(common.EnvConfig.UploadPath)
+	case storage.TypeDatabase:
+		fileStorage, err = storage.NewDatabaseStorage(db)
+	case storage.TypeS3:
+		s3Cfg := storage.S3Config{
+			Bucket:                        common.EnvConfig.S3Bucket,
+			Region:                        common.EnvConfig.S3Region,
+			Endpoint:                      common.EnvConfig.S3Endpoint,
+			AccessKeyID:                   common.EnvConfig.S3AccessKeyID,
+			SecretAccessKey:               common.EnvConfig.S3SecretAccessKey,
+			ForcePathStyle:                common.EnvConfig.S3ForcePathStyle,
+			DisableDefaultIntegrityChecks: common.EnvConfig.S3DisableDefaultIntegrityChecks,
+			Root:                          common.EnvConfig.UploadPath,
+		}
+		fileStorage, err = storage.NewS3Storage(ctx, s3Cfg)
+	default:
+		err = fmt.Errorf("unknown file storage backend: %s", common.EnvConfig.FileBackend)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize file storage (backend: %s): %w", common.EnvConfig.FileBackend, err)
+	}
+
+	imageExtensions, err := initApplicationImages(ctx, fileStorage)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize application images: %w", err)
+	}
 
 	// Create all services
-	svc, err := initServices(ctx, db, httpClient)
+	svc, err := initServices(ctx, db, httpClient, imageExtensions, fileStorage)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize services: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -62,7 +97,7 @@ func Bootstrap(ctx context.Context) error {
 		NewServiceRunner(shutdownFns...).
 		Run(shutdownCtx) //nolint:contextcheck
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Printf("Error shutting down services: %v", err)
+		slog.Error("Error shutting down services", slog.Any("error", err))
 	}
 
 	return nil

backend/internal/bootstrap/db_bootstrap.go

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 package bootstrap
 
 import (
+	"database/sql"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
+	"log/slog"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
@@ -14,51 +16,58 @@ import (
 	"github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/database"
 	postgresMigrate "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/database/postgres"
 	sqliteMigrate "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/database/sqlite3"
+	_ "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/source/github"
 	"github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/source/iofs"
+	slogGorm "github.com/orandin/slog-gorm"
 	"gorm.io/driver/postgres"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
-	"gorm.io/gorm/logger"
+	gormLogger "gorm.io/gorm/logger"
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+	sqliteutil "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/sqlite"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/resources"
 )
 
-func NewDatabase() (db *gorm.DB) {
-	db, err := connectDatabase()
+func NewDatabase() (db *gorm.DB, err error) {
+	db, err = connectDatabase()
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("failed to connect to database: %v", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to database: %w", err)
 	}
 	sqlDb, err := db.DB()
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("failed to get sql.DB: %v", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get sql.DB: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Choose the correct driver for the database provider
 	var driver database.Driver
 	switch common.EnvConfig.DbProvider {
 	case common.DbProviderSqlite:
-		driver, err = sqliteMigrate.WithInstance(sqlDb, &sqliteMigrate.Config{})
+		driver, err = sqliteMigrate.WithInstance(sqlDb, &sqliteMigrate.Config{
+			NoTxWrap: true,
+		})
 	case common.DbProviderPostgres:
 		driver, err = postgresMigrate.WithInstance(sqlDb, &postgresMigrate.Config{})
 	default:
 		// Should never happen at this point
-		log.Fatalf("unsupported database provider: %s", common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported database provider: %s", common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("failed to create migration driver: %v", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create migration driver: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Run migrations
 	if err := migrateDatabase(driver); err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("failed to run migrations: %v", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to run migrations: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	return db
+	return db, nil
 }
 
 func migrateDatabase(driver database.Driver) error {
-	// Use the embedded migrations
-	source, err := iofs.New(resources.FS, "migrations/"+string(common.EnvConfig.DbProvider))
+	// Embedded migrations via iofs
+	path := "migrations/" + string(common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)
+	source, err := iofs.New(resources.FS, path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create embedded migration source: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -68,30 +77,104 @@ func migrateDatabase(driver database.Driver) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create migration instance: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	err = m.Up()
-	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, migrate.ErrNoChange) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to apply migrations: %w", err)
+	requiredVersion, err := getRequiredMigrationVersion(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get last migration version: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	currentVersion, _, _ := m.Version()
+	if currentVersion > requiredVersion {
+		slog.Warn("Database version is newer than the application supports, possible downgrade detected", slog.Uint64("db_version", uint64(currentVersion)), slog.Uint64("app_version", uint64(requiredVersion)))
+		if !common.EnvConfig.AllowDowngrade {
+			return fmt.Errorf("database version (%d) is newer than application version (%d), downgrades are not allowed (set ALLOW_DOWNGRADE=true to enable)", currentVersion, requiredVersion)
+		}
+		slog.Info("Fetching migrations from GitHub to handle possible downgrades")
+		return migrateDatabaseFromGitHub(driver, requiredVersion)
+	}
+
+	if err := m.Migrate(requiredVersion); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, migrate.ErrNoChange) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to apply embedded migrations: %w", err)
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
+func migrateDatabaseFromGitHub(driver database.Driver, version uint) error {
+	srcURL := "github://pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/resources/migrations/" + string(common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)
+
+	m, err := migrate.NewWithDatabaseInstance(srcURL, "pocket-id", driver)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create GitHub migration instance: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := m.Migrate(version); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, migrate.ErrNoChange) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to apply GitHub migrations: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// getRequiredMigrationVersion reads the embedded migration files and returns the highest version number found.
+func getRequiredMigrationVersion(path string) (uint, error) {
+	entries, err := resources.FS.ReadDir(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to read migration directory: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var maxVersion uint
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		if entry.IsDir() {
+			continue
+		}
+		name := entry.Name()
+		var version uint
+		n, err := fmt.Sscanf(name, "%d_", &version)
+		if err == nil && n == 1 {
+			if version > maxVersion {
+				maxVersion = version
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return maxVersion, nil
+}
+
 func connectDatabase() (db *gorm.DB, err error) {
 	var dialector gorm.Dialector
 
 	// Choose the correct database provider
+	var onConnFn func(conn *sql.DB)
 	switch common.EnvConfig.DbProvider {
 	case common.DbProviderSqlite:
 		if common.EnvConfig.DbConnectionString == "" {
 			return nil, errors.New("missing required env var 'DB_CONNECTION_STRING' for SQLite database")
 		}
-		if !strings.HasPrefix(common.EnvConfig.DbConnectionString, "file:") {
-			return nil, errors.New("invalid value for env var 'DB_CONNECTION_STRING': does not begin with 'file:'")
-		}
-		connString, err := parseSqliteConnectionString(common.EnvConfig.DbConnectionString)
+
+		sqliteutil.RegisterSqliteFunctions()
+
+		connString, dbPath, isMemoryDB, err := parseSqliteConnectionString(common.EnvConfig.DbConnectionString)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
+
+		if !isMemoryDB {
+			if err := ensureSqliteDatabaseDir(dbPath); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Before we connect, also make sure that there's a temporary folder for SQLite to write its data
+		err = ensureSqliteTempDir(filepath.Dir(dbPath))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		if isMemoryDB {
+			// For in-memory SQLite databases, we must limit to 1 open connection at the same time, or they won't see the whole data
+			// The other workaround, of using shared caches, doesn't work well with multiple write transactions trying to happen at once
+			onConnFn = func(conn *sql.DB) {
+				conn.SetMaxOpenConns(1)
+			}
+		}
+
 		dialector = sqlite.Open(connString)
 	case common.DbProviderPostgres:
 		if common.EnvConfig.DbConnectionString == "" {
@@ -105,38 +188,78 @@ func connectDatabase() (db *gorm.DB, err error) {
 	for i := 1; i <= 3; i++ {
 		db, err = gorm.Open(dialector, &gorm.Config{
 			TranslateError: true,
-			Logger:         getLogger(),
+			Logger:         getGormLogger(),
 		})
 		if err == nil {
+			slog.Info("Connected to database", slog.String("provider", string(common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)))
+
+			if onConnFn != nil {
+				conn, err := db.DB()
+				if err != nil {
+					slog.Warn("Failed to get database connection, will retry in 3s", slog.Int("attempt", i), slog.String("provider", string(common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)), slog.Any("error", err))
+					time.Sleep(3 * time.Second)
+				}
+				onConnFn(conn)
+			}
+
 			return db, nil
 		}
 
-		log.Printf("Attempt %d: Failed to initialize database. Retrying...", i)
+		slog.Warn("Failed to connect to database, will retry in 3s", slog.Int("attempt", i), slog.String("provider", string(common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)), slog.Any("error", err))
 		time.Sleep(3 * time.Second)
 	}
 
+	slog.Error("Failed to connect to database after 3 attempts", slog.String("provider", string(common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)), slog.Any("error", err))
+
 	return nil, err
 }
 
+func parseSqliteConnectionString(connString string) (parsedConnString string, dbPath string, isMemoryDB bool, err error) {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(connString, "file:") {
+		connString = "file:" + connString
+	}
+
+	// Check if we're using an in-memory database
+	isMemoryDB = isSqliteInMemory(connString)
+
+	// Parse the connection string
+	connStringUrl, err := url.Parse(connString)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", false, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse SQLite connection string: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Convert options for the old SQLite driver to the new one
+	convertSqlitePragmaArgs(connStringUrl)
+
+	// Add the default and required params
+	err = addSqliteDefaultParameters(connStringUrl, isMemoryDB)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", false, fmt.Errorf("invalid SQLite connection string: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Get the absolute path to the database
+	// Here, we know for a fact that the ? is present
+	parsedConnString = connStringUrl.String()
+	idx := strings.IndexRune(parsedConnString, '?')
+	dbPath, err = filepath.Abs(parsedConnString[len("file:"):idx])
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", false, fmt.Errorf("failed to determine absolute path to the database: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return parsedConnString, dbPath, isMemoryDB, nil
+}
+
 // The official C implementation of SQLite allows some additional properties in the connection string
 // that are not supported in the in the modernc.org/sqlite driver, and which must be passed as PRAGMA args instead.
 // To ensure that people can use similar args as in the C driver, which was also used by Pocket ID
 // previously (via github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3), we are converting some options.
-func parseSqliteConnectionString(connString string) (string, error) {
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(connString, "file:") {
-		connString = "file:" + connString
-	}
-
-	connStringUrl, err := url.Parse(connString)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to parse SQLite connection string: %w", err)
-	}
-
+// Note this function updates connStringUrl.
+func convertSqlitePragmaArgs(connStringUrl *url.URL) {
 	// Reference: https://github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3?tab=readme-ov-file#connection-string
 	// This only includes a subset of options, excluding those that are not relevant to us
 	qs := make(url.Values, len(connStringUrl.Query()))
 	for k, v := range connStringUrl.Query() {
-		switch k {
+		switch strings.ToLower(k) {
 		case "_auto_vacuum", "_vacuum":
 			qs.Add("_pragma", "auto_vacuum("+v[0]+")")
 		case "_busy_timeout", "_timeout":
@@ -157,29 +280,203 @@ func parseSqliteConnectionString(connString string) (string, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	// Update the connStringUrl object
 	connStringUrl.RawQuery = qs.Encode()
-
-	return connStringUrl.String(), nil
 }
 
-func getLogger() logger.Interface {
-	isProduction := common.EnvConfig.AppEnv == "production"
+// Adds the default (and some required) parameters to the SQLite connection string.
+// Note this function updates connStringUrl.
+func addSqliteDefaultParameters(connStringUrl *url.URL, isMemoryDB bool) error {
+	// This function include code adapted from https://github.com/dapr/components-contrib/blob/v1.14.6/
+	// Copyright (C) 2023 The Dapr Authors
+	// License: Apache2
+	const defaultBusyTimeout = 2500 * time.Millisecond
 
-	var logLevel logger.LogLevel
-	if isProduction {
-		logLevel = logger.Error
-	} else {
-		logLevel = logger.Info
+	// Get the "query string" from the connection string if present
+	qs := connStringUrl.Query()
+	if len(qs) == 0 {
+		qs = make(url.Values, 2)
 	}
 
-	return logger.New(
-		log.New(os.Stdout, "\r\n", log.LstdFlags),
-		logger.Config{
-			SlowThreshold:             200 * time.Millisecond,
-			LogLevel:                  logLevel,
-			IgnoreRecordNotFoundError: isProduction,
-			ParameterizedQueries:      isProduction,
-			Colorful:                  !isProduction,
-		},
-	)
+	// Check if the database is read-only or immutable
+	isReadOnly := false
+	if len(qs["mode"]) > 0 {
+		// Keep the first value only
+		qs["mode"] = []string{
+			strings.ToLower(qs["mode"][0]),
+		}
+		if qs["mode"][0] == "ro" {
+			isReadOnly = true
+		}
+	}
+	if len(qs["immutable"]) > 0 {
+		// Keep the first value only
+		qs["immutable"] = []string{
+			strings.ToLower(qs["immutable"][0]),
+		}
+		if qs["immutable"][0] == "1" {
+			isReadOnly = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	// We do not want to override a _txlock if set, but we'll show a warning if it's not "immediate"
+	if len(qs["_txlock"]) > 0 {
+		// Keep the first value only
+		qs["_txlock"] = []string{
+			strings.ToLower(qs["_txlock"][0]),
+		}
+		if qs["_txlock"][0] != "immediate" {
+			slog.Warn("SQLite connection is being created with a _txlock different from the recommended value 'immediate'")
+		}
+	} else {
+		qs["_txlock"] = []string{"immediate"}
+	}
+
+	// Add pragma values
+	var hasBusyTimeout, hasJournalMode bool
+	if len(qs["_pragma"]) == 0 {
+		qs["_pragma"] = make([]string, 0, 3)
+	} else {
+		for _, p := range qs["_pragma"] {
+			p = strings.ToLower(p)
+			switch {
+			case strings.HasPrefix(p, "busy_timeout"):
+				hasBusyTimeout = true
+			case strings.HasPrefix(p, "journal_mode"):
+				hasJournalMode = true
+			case strings.HasPrefix(p, "foreign_keys"):
+				return errors.New("found forbidden option '_pragma=foreign_keys' in the connection string")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if !hasBusyTimeout {
+		qs["_pragma"] = append(qs["_pragma"], fmt.Sprintf("busy_timeout(%d)", defaultBusyTimeout.Milliseconds()))
+	}
+	if !hasJournalMode {
+		switch {
+		case isMemoryDB:
+			// For in-memory databases, set the journal to MEMORY, the only allowed option besides OFF (which would make transactions ineffective)
+			qs["_pragma"] = append(qs["_pragma"], "journal_mode(MEMORY)")
+		case isReadOnly:
+			// Set the journaling mode to "DELETE" (the default) if the database is read-only
+			qs["_pragma"] = append(qs["_pragma"], "journal_mode(DELETE)")
+		default:
+			// Enable WAL
+			qs["_pragma"] = append(qs["_pragma"], "journal_mode(WAL)")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Forcefully enable foreign keys
+	qs["_pragma"] = append(qs["_pragma"], "foreign_keys(1)")
+
+	// Update the connStringUrl object
+	connStringUrl.RawQuery = qs.Encode()
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// isSqliteInMemory returns true if the connection string is for an in-memory database.
+func isSqliteInMemory(connString string) bool {
+	lc := strings.ToLower(connString)
+
+	// First way to define an in-memory database is to use ":memory:" or "file::memory:" as connection string
+	if strings.HasPrefix(lc, ":memory:") || strings.HasPrefix(lc, "file::memory:") {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	// Another way is to pass "mode=memory" in the "query string"
+	idx := strings.IndexRune(lc, '?')
+	if idx < 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	qs, _ := url.ParseQuery(lc[(idx + 1):])
+
+	return len(qs["mode"]) > 0 && qs["mode"][0] == "memory"
+}
+
+// ensureSqliteDatabaseDir creates the parent directory for the SQLite database file if it doesn't exist yet
+func ensureSqliteDatabaseDir(dbPath string) error {
+	dir := filepath.Dir(dbPath)
+
+	info, err := os.Stat(dir)
+	switch {
+	case err == nil:
+		if !info.IsDir() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("SQLite database directory '%s' is not a directory", dir)
+		}
+		return nil
+	case os.IsNotExist(err):
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0700); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create SQLite database directory '%s': %w", dir, err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to check SQLite database directory '%s': %w", dir, err)
+	}
+}
+
+// ensureSqliteTempDir ensures that SQLite has a directory where it can write temporary files if needed
+// The default directory may not be writable when using a container with a read-only root file system
+// See: https://www.sqlite.org/tempfiles.html
+func ensureSqliteTempDir(dbPath string) error {
+	// Per docs, SQLite tries these folders in order (excluding those that aren't applicable to us):
+	//
+	// - The SQLITE_TMPDIR environment variable
+	// - The TMPDIR environment variable
+	// - /var/tmp
+	// - /usr/tmp
+	// - /tmp
+	//
+	// Source: https://www.sqlite.org/tempfiles.html#temporary_file_storage_locations
+	//
+	// First, let's check if SQLITE_TMPDIR or TMPDIR are set, in which case we trust the user has taken care of the problem already
+	if os.Getenv("SQLITE_TMPDIR") != "" || os.Getenv("TMPDIR") != "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Now, let's check if /var/tmp, /usr/tmp, or /tmp exist and are writable
+	for _, dir := range []string{"/var/tmp", "/usr/tmp", "/tmp"} {
+		ok, err := utils.IsWritableDir(dir)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to check if %s is writable: %w", dir, err)
+		}
+		if ok {
+			// We found a folder that's writable
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	// If we're here, there's no temporary directory that's writable (not unusual for containers with a read-only root file system), so we set SQLITE_TMPDIR to the folder where the SQLite database is set
+	err := os.Setenv("SQLITE_TMPDIR", dbPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set SQLITE_TMPDIR environmental variable: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	slog.Debug("Set SQLITE_TMPDIR to the database directory", "path", dbPath)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func getGormLogger() gormLogger.Interface {
+	loggerOpts := make([]slogGorm.Option, 0, 5)
+	loggerOpts = append(loggerOpts,
+		slogGorm.WithSlowThreshold(200*time.Millisecond),
+		slogGorm.WithErrorField("error"),
+	)
+
+	if common.EnvConfig.LogLevel == "debug" {
+		loggerOpts = append(loggerOpts,
+			slogGorm.SetLogLevel(slogGorm.DefaultLogType, slog.LevelDebug),
+			slogGorm.WithRecordNotFoundError(),
+			slogGorm.WithTraceAll(),
+		)
+
+	} else {
+		loggerOpts = append(loggerOpts,
+			slogGorm.SetLogLevel(slogGorm.DefaultLogType, slog.LevelWarn),
+			slogGorm.WithIgnoreTrace(),
+		)
+	}
+
+	return slogGorm.New(loggerOpts...)
 }

backend/internal/bootstrap/db_bootstrap_test.go

@@ -2,29 +2,124 @@ package bootstrap
 
 import (
 	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-func TestParseSqliteConnectionString(t *testing.T) {
+func TestIsSqliteInMemory(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
-		name          string
-		input         string
-		expected      string
-		expectedError bool
+		name     string
+		connStr  string
+		expected bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "memory database with :memory:",
+			connStr:  ":memory:",
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "memory database with file::memory:",
+			connStr:  "file::memory:",
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "memory database with :MEMORY: (uppercase)",
+			connStr:  ":MEMORY:",
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "memory database with FILE::MEMORY: (uppercase)",
+			connStr:  "FILE::MEMORY:",
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "memory database with mixed case",
+			connStr:  ":Memory:",
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "has mode=memory",
+			connStr:  "file:data?mode=memory",
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "file database",
+			connStr:  "data.db",
+			expected: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "file database with path",
+			connStr:  "/path/to/data.db",
+			expected: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "file database with file: prefix",
+			connStr:  "file:data.db",
+			expected: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "empty string",
+			connStr:  "",
+			expected: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "string containing memory but not at start",
+			connStr:  "data:memory:.db",
+			expected: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "has mode=ro",
+			connStr:  "file:data?mode=ro",
+			expected: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := isSqliteInMemory(tt.connStr)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, result)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEnsureSqliteDatabaseDir(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("creates missing directory", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tempDir := t.TempDir()
+		dbPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "nested", "pocket-id.db")
+
+		err := ensureSqliteDatabaseDir(dbPath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		info, err := os.Stat(filepath.Dir(dbPath))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, info.IsDir())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("fails when parent is file", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tempDir := t.TempDir()
+		filePath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "file.txt")
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filePath, []byte("test"), 0o600))
+
+		err := ensureSqliteDatabaseDir(filepath.Join(filePath, "data.db"))
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestConvertSqlitePragmaArgs(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		input    string
+		expected string
 	}{
 		{
 			name:     "basic file path",
 			input:    "file:test.db",
 			expected: "file:test.db",
 		},
-		{
-			name:     "adds file: prefix if missing",
-			input:    "test.db",
-			expected: "file:test.db",
-		},
 		{
 			name:     "converts _busy_timeout to pragma",
 			input:    "file:test.db?_busy_timeout=5000",
@@ -100,46 +195,155 @@ func TestParseSqliteConnectionString(t *testing.T) {
 			input:    "file:test.db?_fk=1&mode=rw&_timeout=5000",
 			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=busy_timeout%285000%29&mode=rw",
 		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			resultURL, _ := url.Parse(tt.input)
+			convertSqlitePragmaArgs(resultURL)
+
+			// Parse both URLs to compare components independently
+			expectedURL, err := url.Parse(tt.expected)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Compare scheme and path components
+			compareQueryStrings(t, expectedURL, resultURL)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAddSqliteDefaultParameters(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		input       string
+		isMemoryDB  bool
+		expected    string
+		expectError bool
+	}{
 		{
-			name:          "invalid URL format",
-			input:         "file:invalid#$%^&*@test.db",
-			expectedError: true,
+			name:       "basic file database",
+			input:      "file:test.db",
+			isMemoryDB: false,
+			expected:   "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%282500%29&_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=journal_mode%28WAL%29&_txlock=immediate",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "in-memory database",
+			input:      "file::memory:",
+			isMemoryDB: true,
+			expected:   "file::memory:?_pragma=busy_timeout%282500%29&_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=journal_mode%28MEMORY%29&_txlock=immediate",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "read-only database with mode=ro",
+			input:      "file:test.db?mode=ro",
+			isMemoryDB: false,
+			expected:   "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%282500%29&_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=journal_mode%28DELETE%29&_txlock=immediate&mode=ro",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "immutable database",
+			input:      "file:test.db?immutable=1",
+			isMemoryDB: false,
+			expected:   "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%282500%29&_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=journal_mode%28DELETE%29&_txlock=immediate&immutable=1",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "database with existing _txlock",
+			input:      "file:test.db?_txlock=deferred",
+			isMemoryDB: false,
+			expected:   "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%282500%29&_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=journal_mode%28WAL%29&_txlock=deferred",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "database with existing busy_timeout pragma",
+			input:      "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%285000%29",
+			isMemoryDB: false,
+			expected:   "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%285000%29&_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=journal_mode%28WAL%29&_txlock=immediate",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "database with existing journal_mode pragma",
+			input:      "file:test.db?_pragma=journal_mode%28DELETE%29",
+			isMemoryDB: false,
+			expected:   "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%282500%29&_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=journal_mode%28DELETE%29&_txlock=immediate",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "database with forbidden foreign_keys pragma",
+			input:       "file:test.db?_pragma=foreign_keys%280%29",
+			isMemoryDB:  false,
+			expectError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "database with multiple existing pragmas",
+			input:      "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%283000%29&_pragma=journal_mode%28TRUNCATE%29&_pragma=synchronous%28NORMAL%29",
+			isMemoryDB: false,
+			expected:   "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%283000%29&_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=journal_mode%28TRUNCATE%29&_pragma=synchronous%28NORMAL%29&_txlock=immediate",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "database with mode=rw (not read-only)",
+			input:      "file:test.db?mode=rw",
+			isMemoryDB: false,
+			expected:   "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%282500%29&_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=journal_mode%28WAL%29&_txlock=immediate&mode=rw",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "database with immutable=0 (not immutable)",
+			input:      "file:test.db?immutable=0",
+			isMemoryDB: false,
+			expected:   "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%282500%29&_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=journal_mode%28WAL%29&_txlock=immediate&immutable=0",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "database with mixed case mode=RO",
+			input:      "file:test.db?mode=RO",
+			isMemoryDB: false,
+			expected:   "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%282500%29&_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=journal_mode%28DELETE%29&_txlock=immediate&mode=ro",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "database with mixed case immutable=1",
+			input:      "file:test.db?immutable=1",
+			isMemoryDB: false,
+			expected:   "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%282500%29&_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=journal_mode%28DELETE%29&_txlock=immediate&immutable=1",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "complex database configuration",
+			input:      "file:test.db?cache=shared&mode=rwc&_txlock=immediate&_pragma=synchronous%28FULL%29",
+			isMemoryDB: false,
+			expected:   "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%282500%29&_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=journal_mode%28WAL%29&_pragma=synchronous%28FULL%29&_txlock=immediate&cache=shared&mode=rwc",
 		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			result, err := parseSqliteConnectionString(tt.input)
+			resultURL, err := url.Parse(tt.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			if tt.expectedError {
+			err = addSqliteDefaultParameters(resultURL, tt.isMemoryDB)
+
+			if tt.expectError {
 				require.Error(t, err)
 				return
 			}
 
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			// Parse both URLs to compare components independently
 			expectedURL, err := url.Parse(tt.expected)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			resultURL, err := url.Parse(result)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
-			// Compare scheme and path components
-			assert.Equal(t, expectedURL.Scheme, resultURL.Scheme)
-			assert.Equal(t, expectedURL.Path, resultURL.Path)
-
-			// Compare query parameters regardless of order
-			expectedQuery := expectedURL.Query()
-			resultQuery := resultURL.Query()
-
-			assert.Len(t, expectedQuery, len(resultQuery))
-
-			for key, expectedValues := range expectedQuery {
-				resultValues, ok := resultQuery[key]
-				_ = assert.True(t, ok) &&
-					assert.ElementsMatch(t, expectedValues, resultValues)
-			}
+			compareQueryStrings(t, expectedURL, resultURL)
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func compareQueryStrings(t *testing.T, expectedURL *url.URL, resultURL *url.URL) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	// Compare scheme and path components
+	assert.Equal(t, expectedURL.Scheme, resultURL.Scheme)
+	assert.Equal(t, expectedURL.Path, resultURL.Path)
+
+	// Compare query parameters regardless of order
+	expectedQuery := expectedURL.Query()
+	resultQuery := resultURL.Query()
+
+	assert.Len(t, expectedQuery, len(resultQuery))
+
+	for key, expectedValues := range expectedQuery {
+		resultValues, ok := resultQuery[key]
+		_ = assert.True(t, ok) &&
+			assert.ElementsMatch(t, expectedValues, resultValues)
+	}
+}

backend/internal/bootstrap/e2etest_router_bootstrap.go

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 package bootstrap
 
 import (
-	"log"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
@@ -16,9 +17,10 @@ import (
 func init() {
 	registerTestControllers = []func(apiGroup *gin.RouterGroup, db *gorm.DB, svc *services){
 		func(apiGroup *gin.RouterGroup, db *gorm.DB, svc *services) {
-			testService, err := service.NewTestService(db, svc.appConfigService, svc.jwtService, svc.ldapService)
+			testService, err := service.NewTestService(db, svc.appConfigService, svc.jwtService, svc.ldapService, svc.fileStorage)
 			if err != nil {
-				log.Fatalf("failed to initialize test service: %v", err)
+				slog.Error("Failed to initialize test service", slog.Any("error", err))
+				os.Exit(1)
 				return
 			}
 

backend/internal/bootstrap/observability_boostrap.go

@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+package bootstrap
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	sloggin "github.com/gin-contrib/slog"
+
+	"github.com/lmittmann/tint"
+	"github.com/mattn/go-isatty"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/otelslog"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/exporters/autoexport"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
+	globallog "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log/global"
+	metricnoop "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/noop"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/propagation"
+	sdklog "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/resource"
+	sdktrace "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace"
+	semconv "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/semconv/v1.30.0"
+	tracenoop "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace/noop"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+)
+
+func defaultResource() (*resource.Resource, error) {
+	return resource.Merge(
+		resource.Default(),
+		resource.NewSchemaless(
+			semconv.ServiceName(common.Name),
+			semconv.ServiceVersion(common.Version),
+		),
+	)
+}
+
+func initObservability(ctx context.Context, metrics, traces bool) (shutdownFns []utils.Service, httpClient *http.Client, err error) {
+	resource, err := defaultResource()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create OpenTelemetry resource: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	shutdownFns = make([]utils.Service, 0, 2)
+
+	httpClient = &http.Client{}
+	defaultTransport, ok := http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport)
+	if !ok {
+		// Indicates a development-time error
+		panic("Default transport is not of type *http.Transport")
+	}
+	httpClient.Transport = defaultTransport.Clone()
+
+	// Logging
+	err = initOtelLogging(ctx, resource)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Tracing
+	tracingShutdownFn, err := initOtelTracing(ctx, traces, resource, httpClient)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	} else if tracingShutdownFn != nil {
+		shutdownFns = append(shutdownFns, tracingShutdownFn)
+	}
+
+	// Metrics
+	metricsShutdownFn, err := initOtelMetrics(ctx, metrics, resource)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	} else if metricsShutdownFn != nil {
+		shutdownFns = append(shutdownFns, metricsShutdownFn)
+	}
+
+	return shutdownFns, httpClient, nil
+}
+
+func initOtelLogging(ctx context.Context, resource *resource.Resource) error {
+	// If the env var OTEL_LOGS_EXPORTER is empty, we set it to "none", for autoexport to work
+	if os.Getenv("OTEL_LOGS_EXPORTER") == "" {
+		os.Setenv("OTEL_LOGS_EXPORTER", "none")
+	}
+	exp, err := autoexport.NewLogExporter(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize OpenTelemetry log exporter: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	level, _ := sloggin.ParseLevel(common.EnvConfig.LogLevel)
+
+	// Create the handler
+	var handler slog.Handler
+	if common.EnvConfig.LogJSON {
+		handler = slog.NewJSONHandler(os.Stdout, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+			Level: level,
+		})
+	} else {
+		handler = tint.NewHandler(os.Stdout, &tint.Options{
+			TimeFormat: time.Stamp,
+			Level:      level,
+			NoColor:    !isatty.IsTerminal(os.Stdout.Fd()),
+		})
+	}
+
+	// Create the logger provider
+	provider := sdklog.NewLoggerProvider(
+		sdklog.WithProcessor(
+			sdklog.NewBatchProcessor(exp),
+		),
+		sdklog.WithResource(resource),
+	)
+
+	// Set the logger provider globally
+	globallog.SetLoggerProvider(provider)
+
+	// Wrap the handler in a "fanout" one
+	handler = utils.LogFanoutHandler{
+		handler,
+		otelslog.NewHandler(common.Name, otelslog.WithLoggerProvider(provider)),
+	}
+
+	// Set the default slog to send logs to OTel and add the app name
+	log := slog.New(handler).
+		With(slog.String("app", common.Name)).
+		With(slog.String("version", common.Version))
+	slog.SetDefault(log)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func initOtelTracing(ctx context.Context, traces bool, resource *resource.Resource, httpClient *http.Client) (shutdownFn utils.Service, err error) {
+	if !traces {
+		otel.SetTracerProvider(tracenoop.NewTracerProvider())
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	tr, err := autoexport.NewSpanExporter(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize OpenTelemetry span exporter: %w", err)
+	}
+	tp := sdktrace.NewTracerProvider(
+		sdktrace.WithResource(resource),
+		sdktrace.WithBatcher(tr),
+	)
+
+	otel.SetTracerProvider(tp)
+	otel.SetTextMapPropagator(
+		propagation.NewCompositeTextMapPropagator(
+			propagation.TraceContext{},
+			propagation.Baggage{},
+		),
+	)
+
+	shutdownFn = func(shutdownCtx context.Context) error { //nolint:contextcheck
+		tpCtx, tpCancel := context.WithTimeout(shutdownCtx, 10*time.Second)
+		defer tpCancel()
+		shutdownErr := tp.Shutdown(tpCtx)
+		if shutdownErr != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to gracefully shut down traces exporter: %w", shutdownErr)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Add tracing to the HTTP client
+	httpClient.Transport = otelhttp.NewTransport(httpClient.Transport)
+
+	return shutdownFn, nil
+}
+
+func initOtelMetrics(ctx context.Context, metrics bool, resource *resource.Resource) (shutdownFn utils.Service, err error) {
+	if !metrics {
+		otel.SetMeterProvider(metricnoop.NewMeterProvider())
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	mr, err := autoexport.NewMetricReader(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize OpenTelemetry metric reader: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	mp := metric.NewMeterProvider(
+		metric.WithResource(resource),
+		metric.WithReader(mr),
+	)
+	otel.SetMeterProvider(mp)
+
+	shutdownFn = func(shutdownCtx context.Context) error { //nolint:contextcheck
+		mpCtx, mpCancel := context.WithTimeout(shutdownCtx, 10*time.Second)
+		defer mpCancel()
+		shutdownErr := mp.Shutdown(mpCtx)
+		if shutdownErr != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to gracefully shut down metrics exporter: %w", shutdownErr)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return shutdownFn, nil
+}

backend/internal/bootstrap/otel_boostrap.go

@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
-package bootstrap
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"net/http"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/exporters/autoexport"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
-	metricnoop "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/noop"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/propagation"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/resource"
-	sdktrace "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace"
-	semconv "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/semconv/v1.30.0"
-	tracenoop "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace/noop"
-)
-
-func defaultResource() (*resource.Resource, error) {
-	return resource.Merge(
-		resource.Default(),
-		resource.NewSchemaless(
-			semconv.ServiceName("pocket-id-backend"),
-			semconv.ServiceVersion(common.Version),
-		),
-	)
-}
-
-func initOtel(ctx context.Context, metrics, traces bool) (shutdownFns []utils.Service, httpClient *http.Client, err error) {
-	resource, err := defaultResource()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create OpenTelemetry resource: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	shutdownFns = make([]utils.Service, 0, 2)
-
-	httpClient = &http.Client{}
-	defaultTransport, ok := http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport)
-	if !ok {
-		// Indicates a development-time error
-		panic("Default transport is not of type *http.Transport")
-	}
-	httpClient.Transport = defaultTransport.Clone()
-
-	if traces {
-		tr, err := autoexport.NewSpanExporter(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize OpenTelemetry span exporter: %w", err)
-		}
-		tp := sdktrace.NewTracerProvider(
-			sdktrace.WithResource(resource),
-			sdktrace.WithBatcher(tr),
-		)
-
-		otel.SetTracerProvider(tp)
-		otel.SetTextMapPropagator(
-			propagation.NewCompositeTextMapPropagator(
-				propagation.TraceContext{},
-				propagation.Baggage{},
-			),
-		)
-
-		shutdownFns = append(shutdownFns, func(shutdownCtx context.Context) error { //nolint:contextcheck
-			tpCtx, tpCancel := context.WithTimeout(shutdownCtx, 10*time.Second)
-			defer tpCancel()
-			shutdownErr := tp.Shutdown(tpCtx)
-			if shutdownErr != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to gracefully shut down traces exporter: %w", shutdownErr)
-			}
-			return nil
-		})
-
-		httpClient.Transport = otelhttp.NewTransport(httpClient.Transport)
-	} else {
-		otel.SetTracerProvider(tracenoop.NewTracerProvider())
-	}
-
-	if metrics {
-		mr, err := autoexport.NewMetricReader(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize OpenTelemetry metric reader: %w", err)
-		}
-		mp := metric.NewMeterProvider(
-			metric.WithResource(resource),
-			metric.WithReader(mr),
-		)
-
-		otel.SetMeterProvider(mp)
-		shutdownFns = append(shutdownFns, func(shutdownCtx context.Context) error { //nolint:contextcheck
-			mpCtx, mpCancel := context.WithTimeout(shutdownCtx, 10*time.Second)
-			defer mpCancel()
-			shutdownErr := mp.Shutdown(mpCtx)
-			if shutdownErr != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to gracefully shut down metrics exporter: %w", shutdownErr)
-			}
-			return nil
-		})
-	} else {
-		otel.SetMeterProvider(metricnoop.NewMeterProvider())
-	}
-
-	return shutdownFns, httpClient, nil
-}

backend/internal/bootstrap/router_bootstrap.go

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
+	"log/slog"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/frontend"
-
+	sloggin "github.com/gin-contrib/slog"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/github.com/gin-gonic/gin/otelgin"
 	"golang.org/x/time/rate"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/frontend"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/controller"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/middleware"
@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@ var registerTestControllers []func(apiGroup *gin.RouterGroup, db *gorm.DB, svc *
 func initRouter(db *gorm.DB, svc *services) utils.Service {
 	runner, err := initRouterInternal(db, svc)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("failed to init router: %v", err)
+		slog.Error("Failed to init router", "error", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	return runner
 }
@@ -40,52 +41,35 @@ func initRouter(db *gorm.DB, svc *services) utils.Service {
 func initRouterInternal(db *gorm.DB, svc *services) (utils.Service, error) {
 	// Set the appropriate Gin mode based on the environment
 	switch common.EnvConfig.AppEnv {
-	case "production":
+	case common.AppEnvProduction:
 		gin.SetMode(gin.ReleaseMode)
-	case "development":
+	case common.AppEnvDevelopment:
 		gin.SetMode(gin.DebugMode)
-	case "test":
+	case common.AppEnvTest:
 		gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	}
 
-	// do not log these URLs
-	loggerSkipPathsPrefix := []string{
-		"GET /application-configuration/logo",
-		"GET /application-configuration/background-image",
-		"GET /application-configuration/favicon",
-		"GET /_app",
-		"GET /fonts",
-		"GET /healthz",
-		"HEAD /healthz",
-	}
-
 	r := gin.New()
-	r.Use(gin.LoggerWithConfig(gin.LoggerConfig{Skip: func(c *gin.Context) bool {
-		for _, prefix := range loggerSkipPathsPrefix {
-			if strings.HasPrefix(c.Request.Method+" "+c.Request.URL.String(), prefix) {
-				return true
-			}
-		}
-		return false
-	}}))
+	initLogger(r)
 
 	if !common.EnvConfig.TrustProxy {
 		_ = r.SetTrustedProxies(nil)
 	}
 
 	if common.EnvConfig.TracingEnabled {
-		r.Use(otelgin.Middleware("pocket-id-backend"))
+		r.Use(otelgin.Middleware(common.Name))
 	}
 
 	rateLimitMiddleware := middleware.NewRateLimitMiddleware().Add(rate.Every(time.Second), 60)
 
 	// Setup global middleware
 	r.Use(middleware.NewCorsMiddleware().Add())
+	r.Use(middleware.NewCspMiddleware().Add())
 	r.Use(middleware.NewErrorHandlerMiddleware().Add())
 
 	err := frontend.RegisterFrontend(r)
 	if errors.Is(err, frontend.ErrFrontendNotIncluded) {
-		log.Println("Frontend is not included in the build. Skipping frontend registration.")
+		slog.Warn("Frontend is not included in the build. Skipping frontend registration.")
 	} else if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to register frontend: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -101,12 +85,14 @@ func initRouterInternal(db *gorm.DB, svc *services) (utils.Service, error) {
 	controller.NewOidcController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, fileSizeLimitMiddleware, svc.oidcService, svc.jwtService)
 	controller.NewUserController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, middleware.NewRateLimitMiddleware(), svc.userService, svc.appConfigService)
 	controller.NewAppConfigController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, svc.appConfigService, svc.emailService, svc.ldapService)
+	controller.NewAppImagesController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, svc.appImagesService)
 	controller.NewAuditLogController(apiGroup, svc.auditLogService, authMiddleware)
 	controller.NewUserGroupController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, svc.userGroupService)
 	controller.NewCustomClaimController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, svc.customClaimService)
+	controller.NewVersionController(apiGroup, svc.versionService)
 
 	// Add test controller in non-production environments
-	if common.EnvConfig.AppEnv != "production" {
+	if !common.EnvConfig.AppEnv.IsProduction() {
 		for _, f := range registerTestControllers {
 			f(apiGroup, db, svc)
 		}
@@ -133,9 +119,10 @@ func initRouterInternal(db *gorm.DB, svc *services) (utils.Service, error) {
 	if common.EnvConfig.UnixSocket != "" {
 		network = "unix"
 		addr = common.EnvConfig.UnixSocket
+		os.Remove(addr) // remove dangling the socket file to avoid file-exist error
 	}
 
-	listener, err := net.Listen(network, addr)
+	listener, err := net.Listen(network, addr) //nolint:noctx
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create %s listener: %w", network, err)
 	}
@@ -154,7 +141,7 @@ func initRouterInternal(db *gorm.DB, svc *services) (utils.Service, error) {
 
 	// Service runner function
 	runFn := func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		log.Printf("Server listening on %s", addr)
+		slog.Info("Server listening", slog.String("addr", addr))
 
 		// Start the server in a background goroutine
 		go func() {
@@ -163,7 +150,8 @@ func initRouterInternal(db *gorm.DB, svc *services) (utils.Service, error) {
 			// Next call blocks until the server is shut down
 			srvErr := srv.Serve(listener)
 			if srvErr != http.ErrServerClosed {
-				log.Fatalf("Error starting app server: %v", srvErr)
+				slog.Error("Error starting app server", "error", srvErr)
+				os.Exit(1)
 			}
 		}()
 
@@ -171,7 +159,7 @@ func initRouterInternal(db *gorm.DB, svc *services) (utils.Service, error) {
 		err = systemd.SdNotifyReady()
 		if err != nil {
 			// Log the error only
-			log.Printf("[WARN] Unable to notify systemd that the service is ready: %v", err)
+			slog.Warn("Unable to notify systemd that the service is ready", "error", err)
 		}
 
 		// Block until the context is canceled
@@ -184,7 +172,7 @@ func initRouterInternal(db *gorm.DB, svc *services) (utils.Service, error) {
 		shutdownCancel()
 		if shutdownErr != nil {
 			// Log the error only (could be context canceled)
-			log.Printf("[WARN] App server shutdown error: %v", shutdownErr)
+			slog.Warn("App server shutdown error", "error", shutdownErr)
 		}
 
 		return nil
@@ -192,3 +180,29 @@ func initRouterInternal(db *gorm.DB, svc *services) (utils.Service, error) {
 
 	return runFn, nil
 }
+
+func initLogger(r *gin.Engine) {
+	loggerSkipPathsPrefix := []string{
+		"GET /api/application-images/logo",
+		"GET /api/application-images/background",
+		"GET /api/application-images/favicon",
+		"GET /_app",
+		"GET /fonts",
+		"GET /healthz",
+		"HEAD /healthz",
+	}
+
+	r.Use(sloggin.SetLogger(
+		sloggin.WithLogger(func(_ *gin.Context, _ *slog.Logger) *slog.Logger {
+			return slog.Default()
+		}),
+		sloggin.WithSkipper(func(c *gin.Context) bool {
+			for _, prefix := range loggerSkipPathsPrefix {
+				if strings.HasPrefix(c.Request.Method+" "+c.Request.URL.String(), prefix) {
+					return true
+				}
+			}
+			return false
+		}),
+	))
+}

backend/internal/bootstrap/scheduler_bootstrap.go

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ func registerScheduledJobs(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, svc *services, http
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register DB cleanup jobs in scheduler: %w", err)
 	}
-	err = scheduler.RegisterFileCleanupJobs(ctx, db)
+	err = scheduler.RegisterFileCleanupJobs(ctx, db, svc.fileStorage)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register file cleanup jobs in scheduler: %w", err)
 	}

backend/internal/bootstrap/services_bootstrap.go

@@ -8,10 +8,12 @@ import (
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/storage"
 )
 
 type services struct {
 	appConfigService   *service.AppConfigService
+	appImagesService   *service.AppImagesService
 	emailService       *service.EmailService
 	geoLiteService     *service.GeoLiteService
 	auditLogService    *service.AuditLogService
@@ -23,13 +25,21 @@ type services struct {
 	userGroupService   *service.UserGroupService
 	ldapService        *service.LdapService
 	apiKeyService      *service.ApiKeyService
+	versionService     *service.VersionService
+	fileStorage        storage.FileStorage
 }
 
 // Initializes all services
-func initServices(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, httpClient *http.Client) (svc *services, err error) {
+func initServices(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, httpClient *http.Client, imageExtensions map[string]string, fileStorage storage.FileStorage) (svc *services, err error) {
 	svc = &services{}
 
-	svc.appConfigService = service.NewAppConfigService(ctx, db)
+	svc.appConfigService, err = service.NewAppConfigService(ctx, db)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create app config service: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	svc.fileStorage = fileStorage
+	svc.appImagesService = service.NewAppImagesService(imageExtensions, fileStorage)
 
 	svc.emailService, err = service.NewEmailService(db, svc.appConfigService)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -38,19 +48,28 @@ func initServices(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, httpClient *http.Client) (sv
 
 	svc.geoLiteService = service.NewGeoLiteService(httpClient)
 	svc.auditLogService = service.NewAuditLogService(db, svc.appConfigService, svc.emailService, svc.geoLiteService)
-	svc.jwtService = service.NewJwtService(db, svc.appConfigService)
-	svc.userService = service.NewUserService(db, svc.jwtService, svc.auditLogService, svc.emailService, svc.appConfigService)
-	svc.customClaimService = service.NewCustomClaimService(db)
+	svc.jwtService, err = service.NewJwtService(db, svc.appConfigService)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create JWT service: %w", err)
+	}
 
-	svc.oidcService, err = service.NewOidcService(ctx, db, svc.jwtService, svc.appConfigService, svc.auditLogService, svc.customClaimService)
+	svc.customClaimService = service.NewCustomClaimService(db)
+	svc.webauthnService, err = service.NewWebAuthnService(db, svc.jwtService, svc.auditLogService, svc.appConfigService)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create WebAuthn service: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	svc.oidcService, err = service.NewOidcService(ctx, db, svc.jwtService, svc.appConfigService, svc.auditLogService, svc.customClaimService, svc.webauthnService, httpClient, fileStorage)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create OIDC service: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	svc.userGroupService = service.NewUserGroupService(db, svc.appConfigService)
-	svc.ldapService = service.NewLdapService(db, httpClient, svc.appConfigService, svc.userService, svc.userGroupService)
+	svc.userService = service.NewUserService(db, svc.jwtService, svc.auditLogService, svc.emailService, svc.appConfigService, svc.customClaimService, svc.appImagesService, fileStorage)
+	svc.ldapService = service.NewLdapService(db, httpClient, svc.appConfigService, svc.userService, svc.userGroupService, fileStorage)
 	svc.apiKeyService = service.NewApiKeyService(db, svc.emailService)
-	svc.webauthnService = service.NewWebAuthnService(db, svc.jwtService, svc.auditLogService, svc.appConfigService)
+
+	svc.versionService = service.NewVersionService(httpClient)
 
 	return svc, nil
 }

backend/internal/cmds/key_rotate.go

@@ -30,7 +30,10 @@ func init() {
 		Use:   "key-rotate",
 		Short: "Generates a new token signing key and replaces the current one",
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			db := bootstrap.NewDatabase()
+			db, err := bootstrap.NewDatabase()
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
 
 			return keyRotate(cmd.Context(), flags, db, &common.EnvConfig)
 		},
@@ -80,7 +83,10 @@ func keyRotate(ctx context.Context, flags keyRotateFlags, db *gorm.DB, envConfig
 	}
 
 	// Init the services we need
-	appConfigService := service.NewAppConfigService(ctx, db)
+	appConfigService, err := service.NewAppConfigService(ctx, db)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create app config service: %w", err)
+	}
 
 	// Get the key provider
 	keyProvider, err := jwkutils.GetKeyProvider(db, envConfig, appConfigService.GetDbConfig().InstanceID.Value)

backend/internal/cmds/key_rotate_test.go

@@ -97,7 +97,8 @@ func testKeyRotateWithFileStorage(t *testing.T, flags keyRotateFlags, wantErr bo
 	db := testingutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
 
 	// Initialize app config service and create instance
-	appConfigService := service.NewAppConfigService(t.Context(), db)
+	appConfigService, err := service.NewAppConfigService(t.Context(), db)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	instanceID := appConfigService.GetDbConfig().InstanceID.Value
 
 	// Check if key exists before rotation
@@ -140,14 +141,15 @@ func testKeyRotateWithDatabaseStorage(t *testing.T, flags keyRotateFlags, wantEr
 	// Set up database storage config
 	envConfig := &common.EnvConfigSchema{
 		KeysStorage:   "database",
-		EncryptionKey: "test-encryption-key-characters-long",
+		EncryptionKey: []byte("test-encryption-key-characters-long"),
 	}
 
 	// Create test database
 	db := testingutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
 
 	// Initialize app config service and create instance
-	appConfigService := service.NewAppConfigService(t.Context(), db)
+	appConfigService, err := service.NewAppConfigService(t.Context(), db)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	instanceID := appConfigService.GetDbConfig().InstanceID.Value
 
 	// Get key provider

backend/internal/cmds/one_time_access_token.go

@@ -24,11 +24,14 @@ var oneTimeAccessTokenCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		userArg := args[0]
 
 		// Connect to the database
-		db := bootstrap.NewDatabase()
+		db, err := bootstrap.NewDatabase()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 
 		// Create the access token
 		var oneTimeAccessToken *model.OneTimeAccessToken
-		err := db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		err = db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
 			// Load the user to retrieve the user ID
 			var user model.User
 			queryCtx, queryCancel := context.WithTimeout(cmd.Context(), 10*time.Second)
@@ -48,7 +51,7 @@ var oneTimeAccessTokenCmd = &cobra.Command{
 			}
 
 			// Create a new access token that expires in 1 hour
-			oneTimeAccessToken, txErr = service.NewOneTimeAccessToken(user.ID, time.Now().Add(time.Hour))
+			oneTimeAccessToken, txErr = service.NewOneTimeAccessToken(user.ID, time.Hour)
 			if txErr != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("failed to generate access token: %w", txErr)
 			}

backend/internal/common/env_config.go

@@ -3,13 +3,19 @@ package common
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
+	"log/slog"
+	"net"
 	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/caarlos0/env/v11"
+	sloggin "github.com/gin-contrib/slog"
 	_ "github.com/joho/godotenv/autoload"
 )
 
+type AppEnv string
 type DbProvider string
 
 const (
@@ -20,35 +26,51 @@ const (
 )
 
 const (
+	AppEnvProduction        AppEnv     = "production"
+	AppEnvDevelopment       AppEnv     = "development"
+	AppEnvTest              AppEnv     = "test"
 	DbProviderSqlite        DbProvider = "sqlite"
 	DbProviderPostgres      DbProvider = "postgres"
 	MaxMindGeoLiteCityUrl   string     = "https://download.maxmind.com/app/geoip_download?edition_id=GeoLite2-City&license_key=%s&suffix=tar.gz"
-	defaultSqliteConnString string     = "file:data/pocket-id.db?_pragma=journal_mode(WAL)&_pragma=busy_timeout(2500)&_txlock=immediate"
+	defaultSqliteConnString string     = "data/pocket-id.db"
+	defaultFsUploadPath     string     = "data/uploads"
+	AppUrl                  string     = "http://localhost:1411"
 )
 
 type EnvConfigSchema struct {
-	AppEnv             string     `env:"APP_ENV"`
-	AppURL             string     `env:"APP_URL"`
-	DbProvider         DbProvider `env:"DB_PROVIDER"`
-	DbConnectionString string     `env:"DB_CONNECTION_STRING"`
-	UploadPath         string     `env:"UPLOAD_PATH"`
-	KeysPath           string     `env:"KEYS_PATH"`
-	KeysStorage        string     `env:"KEYS_STORAGE"`
-	EncryptionKey      string     `env:"ENCRYPTION_KEY"`
-	EncryptionKeyFile  string     `env:"ENCRYPTION_KEY_FILE"`
-	Port               string     `env:"PORT"`
-	Host               string     `env:"HOST"`
-	UnixSocket         string     `env:"UNIX_SOCKET"`
-	UnixSocketMode     string     `env:"UNIX_SOCKET_MODE"`
-	MaxMindLicenseKey  string     `env:"MAXMIND_LICENSE_KEY"`
-	GeoLiteDBPath      string     `env:"GEOLITE_DB_PATH"`
-	GeoLiteDBUrl       string     `env:"GEOLITE_DB_URL"`
-	LocalIPv6Ranges    string     `env:"LOCAL_IPV6_RANGES"`
-	UiConfigDisabled   bool       `env:"UI_CONFIG_DISABLED"`
-	MetricsEnabled     bool       `env:"METRICS_ENABLED"`
-	TracingEnabled     bool       `env:"TRACING_ENABLED"`
-	TrustProxy         bool       `env:"TRUST_PROXY"`
-	AnalyticsDisabled  bool       `env:"ANALYTICS_DISABLED"`
+	AppEnv                          AppEnv     `env:"APP_ENV" options:"toLower"`
+	LogLevel                        string     `env:"LOG_LEVEL" options:"toLower"`
+	AppURL                          string     `env:"APP_URL" options:"toLower,trimTrailingSlash"`
+	DbProvider                      DbProvider `env:"DB_PROVIDER" options:"toLower"`
+	DbConnectionString              string     `env:"DB_CONNECTION_STRING" options:"file"`
+	FileBackend                     string     `env:"FILE_BACKEND" options:"toLower"`
+	UploadPath                      string     `env:"UPLOAD_PATH"`
+	S3Bucket                        string     `env:"S3_BUCKET"`
+	S3Region                        string     `env:"S3_REGION"`
+	S3Endpoint                      string     `env:"S3_ENDPOINT"`
+	S3AccessKeyID                   string     `env:"S3_ACCESS_KEY_ID"`
+	S3SecretAccessKey               string     `env:"S3_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"`
+	S3ForcePathStyle                bool       `env:"S3_FORCE_PATH_STYLE"`
+	S3DisableDefaultIntegrityChecks bool       `env:"S3_DISABLE_DEFAULT_INTEGRITY_CHECKS"`
+	KeysPath                        string     `env:"KEYS_PATH"`
+	KeysStorage                     string     `env:"KEYS_STORAGE"`
+	EncryptionKey                   []byte     `env:"ENCRYPTION_KEY" options:"file"`
+	Port                            string     `env:"PORT"`
+	Host                            string     `env:"HOST" options:"toLower"`
+	UnixSocket                      string     `env:"UNIX_SOCKET"`
+	UnixSocketMode                  string     `env:"UNIX_SOCKET_MODE"`
+	MaxMindLicenseKey               string     `env:"MAXMIND_LICENSE_KEY" options:"file"`
+	GeoLiteDBPath                   string     `env:"GEOLITE_DB_PATH"`
+	GeoLiteDBUrl                    string     `env:"GEOLITE_DB_URL"`
+	LocalIPv6Ranges                 string     `env:"LOCAL_IPV6_RANGES"`
+	UiConfigDisabled                bool       `env:"UI_CONFIG_DISABLED"`
+	MetricsEnabled                  bool       `env:"METRICS_ENABLED"`
+	TracingEnabled                  bool       `env:"TRACING_ENABLED"`
+	LogJSON                         bool       `env:"LOG_JSON"`
+	TrustProxy                      bool       `env:"TRUST_PROXY"`
+	AnalyticsDisabled               bool       `env:"ANALYTICS_DISABLED"`
+	AllowDowngrade                  bool       `env:"ALLOW_DOWNGRADE"`
+	InternalAppURL                  string     `env:"INTERNAL_APP_URL"`
 }
 
 var EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
@@ -56,57 +78,74 @@ var EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
 func init() {
 	err := parseEnvConfig()
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("Configuration error: %v", err)
+		slog.Error("Configuration error", slog.Any("error", err))
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 }
 
 func defaultConfig() EnvConfigSchema {
 	return EnvConfigSchema{
-		AppEnv:             "production",
-		DbProvider:         "sqlite",
-		DbConnectionString: "",
-		UploadPath:         "data/uploads",
-		KeysPath:           "data/keys",
-		KeysStorage:        "", // "database" or "file"
-		EncryptionKey:      "",
-		AppURL:             "http://localhost:1411",
-		Port:               "1411",
-		Host:               "0.0.0.0",
-		UnixSocket:         "",
-		UnixSocketMode:     "",
-		MaxMindLicenseKey:  "",
-		GeoLiteDBPath:      "data/GeoLite2-City.mmdb",
-		GeoLiteDBUrl:       MaxMindGeoLiteCityUrl,
-		LocalIPv6Ranges:    "",
-		UiConfigDisabled:   false,
-		MetricsEnabled:     false,
-		TracingEnabled:     false,
-		TrustProxy:         false,
-		AnalyticsDisabled:  false,
+		AppEnv:        AppEnvProduction,
+		LogLevel:      "info",
+		DbProvider:    "sqlite",
+		FileBackend:   "fs",
+		KeysPath:      "data/keys",
+		AppURL:        AppUrl,
+		Port:          "1411",
+		Host:          "0.0.0.0",
+		GeoLiteDBPath: "data/GeoLite2-City.mmdb",
+		GeoLiteDBUrl:  MaxMindGeoLiteCityUrl,
 	}
 }
 
 func parseEnvConfig() error {
-	err := env.ParseWithOptions(&EnvConfig, env.Options{})
+	parsers := map[reflect.Type]env.ParserFunc{
+		reflect.TypeOf([]byte{}): func(value string) (interface{}, error) {
+			return []byte(value), nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	err := env.ParseWithOptions(&EnvConfig, env.Options{
+		FuncMap: parsers,
+	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error parsing env config: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	// Validate the environment variables
-	switch EnvConfig.DbProvider {
+	err = prepareEnvConfig(&EnvConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error preparing env config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	err = validateEnvConfig(&EnvConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+
+}
+
+// validateEnvConfig checks the EnvConfig for required fields and valid values
+func validateEnvConfig(config *EnvConfigSchema) error {
+	if _, err := sloggin.ParseLevel(config.LogLevel); err != nil {
+		return errors.New("invalid LOG_LEVEL value. Must be 'debug', 'info', 'warn' or 'error'")
+	}
+
+	switch config.DbProvider {
 	case DbProviderSqlite:
-		if EnvConfig.DbConnectionString == "" {
-			EnvConfig.DbConnectionString = defaultSqliteConnString
+		if config.DbConnectionString == "" {
+			config.DbConnectionString = defaultSqliteConnString
 		}
 	case DbProviderPostgres:
-		if EnvConfig.DbConnectionString == "" {
+		if config.DbConnectionString == "" {
 			return errors.New("missing required env var 'DB_CONNECTION_STRING' for Postgres database")
 		}
 	default:
 		return errors.New("invalid DB_PROVIDER value. Must be 'sqlite' or 'postgres'")
 	}
 
-	parsedAppUrl, err := url.Parse(EnvConfig.AppURL)
+	parsedAppUrl, err := url.Parse(config.AppURL)
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.New("APP_URL is not a valid URL")
 	}
@@ -114,20 +153,151 @@ func parseEnvConfig() error {
 		return errors.New("APP_URL must not contain a path")
 	}
 
-	switch EnvConfig.KeysStorage {
+	// Derive INTERNAL_APP_URL from APP_URL if not set; validate only when provided
+	if config.InternalAppURL == "" {
+		config.InternalAppURL = config.AppURL
+	} else {
+		parsedInternalAppUrl, err := url.Parse(config.InternalAppURL)
+		if err != nil {
+			return errors.New("INTERNAL_APP_URL is not a valid URL")
+		}
+		if parsedInternalAppUrl.Path != "" {
+			return errors.New("INTERNAL_APP_URL must not contain a path")
+		}
+	}
+
+	switch config.KeysStorage {
 	// KeysStorage defaults to "file" if empty
 	case "":
-		EnvConfig.KeysStorage = "file"
+		config.KeysStorage = "file"
 	case "database":
-		// If KeysStorage is "database", a key must be specified
-		if EnvConfig.EncryptionKey == "" && EnvConfig.EncryptionKeyFile == "" {
-			return errors.New("ENCRYPTION_KEY or ENCRYPTION_KEY_FILE must be non-empty when KEYS_STORAGE is database")
+		if config.EncryptionKey == nil {
+			return errors.New("ENCRYPTION_KEY must be non-empty when KEYS_STORAGE is database")
 		}
 	case "file":
 		// All good, these are valid values
 	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("invalid value for KEYS_STORAGE: %s", EnvConfig.KeysStorage)
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid value for KEYS_STORAGE: %s", config.KeysStorage)
+	}
+
+	switch config.FileBackend {
+	case "s3":
+		if config.KeysStorage == "file" {
+			return errors.New("KEYS_STORAGE cannot be 'file' when FILE_BACKEND is 's3'")
+		}
+	case "database":
+		// All good, these are valid values
+	case "", "fs":
+		if config.UploadPath == "" {
+			config.UploadPath = defaultFsUploadPath
+		}
+	default:
+		return errors.New("invalid FILE_BACKEND value. Must be 'fs', 'database', or 's3'")
+	}
+
+	// Validate LOCAL_IPV6_RANGES
+	ranges := strings.Split(config.LocalIPv6Ranges, ",")
+	for _, rangeStr := range ranges {
+		rangeStr = strings.TrimSpace(rangeStr)
+		if rangeStr == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		_, ipNet, err := net.ParseCIDR(rangeStr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid LOCAL_IPV6_RANGES '%s': %w", rangeStr, err)
+		}
+
+		if ipNet.IP.To4() != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("range '%s' is not a valid IPv6 range", rangeStr)
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	return nil
+
+}
+
+// prepareEnvConfig processes special options for EnvConfig fields
+func prepareEnvConfig(config *EnvConfigSchema) error {
+	val := reflect.ValueOf(config).Elem()
+	typ := val.Type()
+
+	for i := 0; i < val.NumField(); i++ {
+		field := val.Field(i)
+		fieldType := typ.Field(i)
+
+		optionsTag := fieldType.Tag.Get("options")
+		options := strings.Split(optionsTag, ",")
+
+		for _, option := range options {
+			switch option {
+			case "toLower":
+				if field.Kind() == reflect.String {
+					field.SetString(strings.ToLower(field.String()))
+				}
+			case "file":
+				err := resolveFileBasedEnvVariable(field, fieldType)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			case "trimTrailingSlash":
+				if field.Kind() == reflect.String {
+					field.SetString(strings.TrimRight(field.String(), "/"))
+				}
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+// resolveFileBasedEnvVariable checks if an environment variable with the suffix "_FILE" is set,
+// reads the content of the file specified by that variable, and sets the corresponding field's value.
+func resolveFileBasedEnvVariable(field reflect.Value, fieldType reflect.StructField) error {
+	// Only process string and []byte fields
+	isString := field.Kind() == reflect.String
+	isByteSlice := field.Kind() == reflect.Slice && field.Type().Elem().Kind() == reflect.Uint8
+	if !isString && !isByteSlice {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Only process fields with the "env" tag
+	envTag := fieldType.Tag.Get("env")
+	if envTag == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	envVarName := envTag
+	if commaIndex := len(envTag); commaIndex > 0 {
+		envVarName = envTag[:commaIndex]
+	}
+
+	// If the file environment variable is not set, skip
+	envVarFileName := envVarName + "_FILE"
+	envVarFileValue := os.Getenv(envVarFileName)
+	if envVarFileValue == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	fileContent, err := os.ReadFile(envVarFileValue)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read file for env var %s: %w", envVarFileName, err)
+	}
+
+	if isString {
+		field.SetString(strings.TrimSpace(string(fileContent)))
+	} else {
+		field.SetBytes(fileContent)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (a AppEnv) IsProduction() bool {
+	return a == AppEnvProduction
+}
+
+func (a AppEnv) IsTest() bool {
+	return a == AppEnvTest
+}

backend/internal/common/env_config_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package common
 
 import (
+	"os"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -16,18 +17,19 @@ func TestParseEnvConfig(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Run("should parse valid SQLite config correctly", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "SQLITE") // should be lowercased automatically
 		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
-		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "HTTP://LOCALHOST:3000")
 
 		err := parseEnvConfig()
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, DbProviderSqlite, EnvConfig.DbProvider)
+		assert.Equal(t, "http://localhost:3000", EnvConfig.AppURL)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("should parse valid Postgres config correctly", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "postgres")
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "POSTGRES")
 		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "postgres://user:pass@localhost/db")
 		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "https://example.com")
 
@@ -50,7 +52,6 @@ func TestParseEnvConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("should set default SQLite connection string when DB_CONNECTION_STRING is empty", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
 		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
-		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "") // Explicitly empty
 		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
 
 		err := parseEnvConfig()
@@ -90,6 +91,28 @@ func TestParseEnvConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "APP_URL must not contain a path")
 	})
 
+	t.Run("should fail with invalid INTERNAL_APP_URL", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("INTERNAL_APP_URL", "€://not-a-valid-url")
+
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "INTERNAL_APP_URL is not a valid URL")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when INTERNAL_APP_URL contains path", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("INTERNAL_APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000/path")
+
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "INTERNAL_APP_URL must not contain a path")
+	})
+
 	t.Run("should default KEYS_STORAGE to 'file' when empty", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
 		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
@@ -110,7 +133,7 @@ func TestParseEnvConfig(t *testing.T) {
 
 		err := parseEnvConfig()
 		require.Error(t, err)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "ENCRYPTION_KEY or ENCRYPTION_KEY_FILE must be non-empty")
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "ENCRYPTION_KEY must be non-empty when KEYS_STORAGE is database")
 	})
 
 	t.Run("should accept valid KEYS_STORAGE values", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -169,20 +192,105 @@ func TestParseEnvConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "postgres")
 		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "postgres://test")
 		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "https://prod.example.com")
-		t.Setenv("APP_ENV", "staging")
+		t.Setenv("APP_ENV", "PRODUCTION")
 		t.Setenv("UPLOAD_PATH", "/custom/uploads")
 		t.Setenv("KEYS_PATH", "/custom/keys")
 		t.Setenv("PORT", "8080")
-		t.Setenv("HOST", "127.0.0.1")
+		t.Setenv("HOST", "LOCALHOST")
 		t.Setenv("UNIX_SOCKET", "/tmp/app.sock")
 		t.Setenv("MAXMIND_LICENSE_KEY", "test-license")
 		t.Setenv("GEOLITE_DB_PATH", "/custom/geolite.mmdb")
 
 		err := parseEnvConfig()
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, "staging", EnvConfig.AppEnv)
+		assert.Equal(t, AppEnvProduction, EnvConfig.AppEnv) // lowercased
 		assert.Equal(t, "/custom/uploads", EnvConfig.UploadPath)
 		assert.Equal(t, "8080", EnvConfig.Port)
-		assert.Equal(t, "127.0.0.1", EnvConfig.Host)
+		assert.Equal(t, "localhost", EnvConfig.Host) // lowercased
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should normalize file backend and default upload path", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("FILE_BACKEND", "FS")
+		t.Setenv("UPLOAD_PATH", "")
+
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "fs", EnvConfig.FileBackend)
+		assert.Equal(t, defaultFsUploadPath, EnvConfig.UploadPath)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when FILE_BACKEND is s3 but keys are stored on filesystem", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("FILE_BACKEND", "s3")
+
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "KEYS_STORAGE cannot be 'file' when FILE_BACKEND is 's3'")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail with invalid FILE_BACKEND value", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("FILE_BACKEND", "invalid")
+
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "invalid FILE_BACKEND value")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestPrepareEnvConfig_FileBasedAndToLower(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create temporary directory for test files
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	// Create test files
+	encryptionKeyFile := tempDir + "/encryption_key.txt"
+	encryptionKeyContent := "test-encryption-key-123"
+	err := os.WriteFile(encryptionKeyFile, []byte(encryptionKeyContent), 0600)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	dbConnFile := tempDir + "/db_connection.txt"
+	dbConnContent := "postgres://user:pass@localhost/testdb"
+	err = os.WriteFile(dbConnFile, []byte(dbConnContent), 0600)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	binaryKeyFile := tempDir + "/binary_key.bin"
+	binaryKeyContent := []byte{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04}
+	err = os.WriteFile(binaryKeyFile, binaryKeyContent, 0600)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	t.Run("should process toLower and file options", func(t *testing.T) {
+		config := defaultConfig()
+		config.AppEnv = "STAGING"
+		config.Host = "LOCALHOST"
+
+		t.Setenv("ENCRYPTION_KEY_FILE", encryptionKeyFile)
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING_FILE", dbConnFile)
+
+		err := prepareEnvConfig(&config)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, AppEnv("staging"), config.AppEnv)
+		assert.Equal(t, "localhost", config.Host)
+		assert.Equal(t, []byte(encryptionKeyContent), config.EncryptionKey)
+		assert.Equal(t, dbConnContent, config.DbConnectionString)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should handle binary data correctly", func(t *testing.T) {
+		config := defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("ENCRYPTION_KEY_FILE", binaryKeyFile)
+
+		err := prepareEnvConfig(&config)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, binaryKeyContent, config.EncryptionKey)
 	})
 }

backend/internal/common/errors.go

@@ -350,6 +350,15 @@ func (e *OidcAuthorizationPendingError) HttpStatusCode() int {
 	return http.StatusBadRequest
 }
 
+type ReauthenticationRequiredError struct{}
+
+func (e *ReauthenticationRequiredError) Error() string {
+	return "reauthentication required"
+}
+func (e *ReauthenticationRequiredError) HttpStatusCode() int {
+	return http.StatusUnauthorized
+}
+
 type OpenSignupDisabledError struct{}
 
 func (e *OpenSignupDisabledError) Error() string {
@@ -359,3 +368,33 @@ func (e *OpenSignupDisabledError) Error() string {
 func (e *OpenSignupDisabledError) HttpStatusCode() int {
 	return http.StatusForbidden
 }
+
+type ClientIdAlreadyExistsError struct{}
+
+func (e *ClientIdAlreadyExistsError) Error() string {
+	return "Client ID already in use"
+}
+
+func (e *ClientIdAlreadyExistsError) HttpStatusCode() int {
+	return http.StatusBadRequest
+}
+
+type UserEmailNotSetError struct{}
+
+func (e *UserEmailNotSetError) Error() string {
+	return "The user does not have an email address set"
+}
+
+func (e *UserEmailNotSetError) HttpStatusCode() int {
+	return http.StatusBadRequest
+}
+
+type ImageNotFoundError struct{}
+
+func (e *ImageNotFoundError) Error() string {
+	return "Image not found"
+}
+
+func (e *ImageNotFoundError) HttpStatusCode() int {
+	return http.StatusNotFound
+}

backend/internal/common/version.go

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 package common
 
+// Name is the name of the application
+const Name = "pocket-id"
+
 // Version contains the Pocket ID version.
 //
 // It can be set at build time using -ldflags.

backend/internal/controller/api_key_controller.go

@@ -45,15 +45,11 @@ func NewApiKeyController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.Auth
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.ApiKeyDto]
 // @Router /api/api-keys [get]
 func (c *ApiKeyController) listApiKeysHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	listRequestOptions := utils.ParseListRequestOptions(ctx)
+
 	userID := ctx.GetString("userID")
 
-	var sortedPaginationRequest utils.SortedPaginationRequest
-	if err := ctx.ShouldBindQuery(&sortedPaginationRequest); err != nil {
-		_ = ctx.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	apiKeys, pagination, err := c.apiKeyService.ListApiKeys(ctx.Request.Context(), userID, sortedPaginationRequest)
+	apiKeys, pagination, err := c.apiKeyService.ListApiKeys(ctx.Request.Context(), userID, listRequestOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = ctx.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -82,7 +78,7 @@ func (c *ApiKeyController) createApiKeyHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 	userID := ctx.GetString("userID")
 
 	var input dto.ApiKeyCreateDto
-	if err := ctx.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
+	if err := dto.ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(ctx, &input); err != nil {
 		_ = ctx.Error(err)
 		return
 	}

backend/internal/controller/app_config_controller.go

@@ -3,14 +3,12 @@ package controller
 import (
 	"net/http"
 	"strconv"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/dto"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/middleware"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
 )
 
 // NewAppConfigController creates a new controller for application configuration endpoints
@@ -34,13 +32,6 @@ func NewAppConfigController(
 	group.GET("/application-configuration/all", authMiddleware.Add(), acc.listAllAppConfigHandler)
 	group.PUT("/application-configuration", authMiddleware.Add(), acc.updateAppConfigHandler)
 
-	group.GET("/application-configuration/logo", acc.getLogoHandler)
-	group.GET("/application-configuration/background-image", acc.getBackgroundImageHandler)
-	group.GET("/application-configuration/favicon", acc.getFaviconHandler)
-	group.PUT("/application-configuration/logo", authMiddleware.Add(), acc.updateLogoHandler)
-	group.PUT("/application-configuration/favicon", authMiddleware.Add(), acc.updateFaviconHandler)
-	group.PUT("/application-configuration/background-image", authMiddleware.Add(), acc.updateBackgroundImageHandler)
-
 	group.POST("/application-configuration/test-email", authMiddleware.Add(), acc.testEmailHandler)
 	group.POST("/application-configuration/sync-ldap", authMiddleware.Add(), acc.syncLdapHandler)
 }
@@ -109,7 +100,7 @@ func (acc *AppConfigController) listAllAppConfigHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Router /api/application-configuration [put]
 func (acc *AppConfigController) updateAppConfigHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	var input dto.AppConfigUpdateDto
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
+	if err := dto.ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(c, &input); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
@@ -129,147 +120,6 @@ func (acc *AppConfigController) updateAppConfigHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, configVariablesDto)
 }
 
-// getLogoHandler godoc
-// @Summary Get logo image
-// @Description Get the logo image for the application
-// @Tags Application Configuration
-// @Param light query boolean false "Light mode logo (true) or dark mode logo (false)"
-// @Produce image/png
-// @Produce image/jpeg
-// @Produce image/svg+xml
-// @Success 200 {file} binary "Logo image"
-// @Router /api/application-configuration/logo [get]
-func (acc *AppConfigController) getLogoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	dbConfig := acc.appConfigService.GetDbConfig()
-
-	lightLogo, _ := strconv.ParseBool(c.DefaultQuery("light", "true"))
-
-	var imageName, imageType string
-	if lightLogo {
-		imageName = "logoLight"
-		imageType = dbConfig.LogoLightImageType.Value
-	} else {
-		imageName = "logoDark"
-		imageType = dbConfig.LogoDarkImageType.Value
-	}
-
-	acc.getImage(c, imageName, imageType)
-}
-
-// getFaviconHandler godoc
-// @Summary Get favicon
-// @Description Get the favicon for the application
-// @Tags Application Configuration
-// @Produce image/x-icon
-// @Success 200 {file} binary "Favicon image"
-// @Router /api/application-configuration/favicon [get]
-func (acc *AppConfigController) getFaviconHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	acc.getImage(c, "favicon", "ico")
-}
-
-// getBackgroundImageHandler godoc
-// @Summary Get background image
-// @Description Get the background image for the application
-// @Tags Application Configuration
-// @Produce image/png
-// @Produce image/jpeg
-// @Success 200 {file} binary "Background image"
-// @Router /api/application-configuration/background-image [get]
-func (acc *AppConfigController) getBackgroundImageHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	imageType := acc.appConfigService.GetDbConfig().BackgroundImageType.Value
-	acc.getImage(c, "background", imageType)
-}
-
-// updateLogoHandler godoc
-// @Summary Update logo
-// @Description Update the application logo
-// @Tags Application Configuration
-// @Accept multipart/form-data
-// @Param light query boolean false "Light mode logo (true) or dark mode logo (false)"
-// @Param file formData file true "Logo image file"
-// @Success 204 "No Content"
-// @Router /api/application-configuration/logo [put]
-func (acc *AppConfigController) updateLogoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	dbConfig := acc.appConfigService.GetDbConfig()
-
-	lightLogo, _ := strconv.ParseBool(c.DefaultQuery("light", "true"))
-
-	var imageName, imageType string
-	if lightLogo {
-		imageName = "logoLight"
-		imageType = dbConfig.LogoLightImageType.Value
-	} else {
-		imageName = "logoDark"
-		imageType = dbConfig.LogoDarkImageType.Value
-	}
-
-	acc.updateImage(c, imageName, imageType)
-}
-
-// updateFaviconHandler godoc
-// @Summary Update favicon
-// @Description Update the application favicon
-// @Tags Application Configuration
-// @Accept multipart/form-data
-// @Param file formData file true "Favicon file (.ico)"
-// @Success 204 "No Content"
-// @Router /api/application-configuration/favicon [put]
-func (acc *AppConfigController) updateFaviconHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	file, err := c.FormFile("file")
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	fileType := utils.GetFileExtension(file.Filename)
-	if fileType != "ico" {
-		_ = c.Error(&common.WrongFileTypeError{ExpectedFileType: ".ico"})
-		return
-	}
-	acc.updateImage(c, "favicon", "ico")
-}
-
-// updateBackgroundImageHandler godoc
-// @Summary Update background image
-// @Description Update the application background image
-// @Tags Application Configuration
-// @Accept multipart/form-data
-// @Param file formData file true "Background image file"
-// @Success 204 "No Content"
-// @Router /api/application-configuration/background-image [put]
-func (acc *AppConfigController) updateBackgroundImageHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	imageType := acc.appConfigService.GetDbConfig().BackgroundImageType.Value
-	acc.updateImage(c, "background", imageType)
-}
-
-// getImage is a helper function to serve image files
-func (acc *AppConfigController) getImage(c *gin.Context, name string, imageType string) {
-	imagePath := common.EnvConfig.UploadPath + "/application-images/" + name + "." + imageType
-	mimeType := utils.GetImageMimeType(imageType)
-
-	c.Header("Content-Type", mimeType)
-
-	utils.SetCacheControlHeader(c, 15*time.Minute, 24*time.Hour)
-	c.File(imagePath)
-}
-
-// updateImage is a helper function to update image files
-func (acc *AppConfigController) updateImage(c *gin.Context, imageName string, oldImageType string) {
-	file, err := c.FormFile("file")
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	err = acc.appConfigService.UpdateImage(c.Request.Context(), file, imageName, oldImageType)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
-}
-
 // syncLdapHandler godoc
 // @Summary Synchronize LDAP
 // @Description Manually trigger LDAP synchronization

backend/internal/controller/app_images_controller.go

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+package controller
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+)
+
+func NewAppImagesController(
+	group *gin.RouterGroup,
+	authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMiddleware,
+	appImagesService *service.AppImagesService,
+) {
+	controller := &AppImagesController{
+		appImagesService: appImagesService,
+	}
+
+	group.GET("/application-images/logo", controller.getLogoHandler)
+	group.GET("/application-images/background", controller.getBackgroundImageHandler)
+	group.GET("/application-images/favicon", controller.getFaviconHandler)
+	group.GET("/application-images/default-profile-picture", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.getDefaultProfilePicture)
+
+	group.PUT("/application-images/logo", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.updateLogoHandler)
+	group.PUT("/application-images/background", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.updateBackgroundImageHandler)
+	group.PUT("/application-images/favicon", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.updateFaviconHandler)
+	group.PUT("/application-images/default-profile-picture", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.updateDefaultProfilePicture)
+
+	group.DELETE("/application-images/default-profile-picture", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.deleteDefaultProfilePicture)
+}
+
+type AppImagesController struct {
+	appImagesService *service.AppImagesService
+}
+
+// getLogoHandler godoc
+// @Summary Get logo image
+// @Description Get the logo image for the application
+// @Tags Application Images
+// @Param light query boolean false "Light mode logo (true) or dark mode logo (false)"
+// @Produce image/png
+// @Produce image/jpeg
+// @Produce image/svg+xml
+// @Success 200 {file} binary "Logo image"
+// @Router /api/application-images/logo [get]
+func (c *AppImagesController) getLogoHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	lightLogo, _ := strconv.ParseBool(ctx.DefaultQuery("light", "true"))
+	imageName := "logoLight"
+	if !lightLogo {
+		imageName = "logoDark"
+	}
+
+	c.getImage(ctx, imageName)
+}
+
+// getBackgroundImageHandler godoc
+// @Summary Get background image
+// @Description Get the background image for the application
+// @Tags Application Images
+// @Produce image/png
+// @Produce image/jpeg
+// @Success 200 {file} binary "Background image"
+// @Router /api/application-images/background [get]
+func (c *AppImagesController) getBackgroundImageHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	c.getImage(ctx, "background")
+}
+
+// getFaviconHandler godoc
+// @Summary Get favicon
+// @Description Get the favicon for the application
+// @Tags Application Images
+// @Produce image/x-icon
+// @Success 200 {file} binary "Favicon image"
+// @Router /api/application-images/favicon [get]
+func (c *AppImagesController) getFaviconHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	c.getImage(ctx, "favicon")
+}
+
+// getDefaultProfilePicture godoc
+// @Summary Get default profile picture image
+// @Description Get the default profile picture image for the application
+// @Tags Application Images
+// @Produce image/png
+// @Produce image/jpeg
+// @Success 200 {file} binary "Default profile picture image"
+// @Router /api/application-images/default-profile-picture [get]
+func (c *AppImagesController) getDefaultProfilePicture(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	c.getImage(ctx, "default-profile-picture")
+}
+
+// updateLogoHandler godoc
+// @Summary Update logo
+// @Description Update the application logo
+// @Tags Application Images
+// @Accept multipart/form-data
+// @Param light query boolean false "Light mode logo (true) or dark mode logo (false)"
+// @Param file formData file true "Logo image file"
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/application-images/logo [put]
+func (c *AppImagesController) updateLogoHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	file, err := ctx.FormFile("file")
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	lightLogo, _ := strconv.ParseBool(ctx.DefaultQuery("light", "true"))
+	imageName := "logoLight"
+	if !lightLogo {
+		imageName = "logoDark"
+	}
+
+	if err := c.appImagesService.UpdateImage(ctx.Request.Context(), file, imageName); err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// updateBackgroundImageHandler godoc
+// @Summary Update background image
+// @Description Update the application background image
+// @Tags Application Images
+// @Accept multipart/form-data
+// @Param file formData file true "Background image file"
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/application-images/background [put]
+func (c *AppImagesController) updateBackgroundImageHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	file, err := ctx.FormFile("file")
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := c.appImagesService.UpdateImage(ctx.Request.Context(), file, "background"); err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// updateFaviconHandler godoc
+// @Summary Update favicon
+// @Description Update the application favicon
+// @Tags Application Images
+// @Accept multipart/form-data
+// @Param file formData file true "Favicon file (.ico)"
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/application-images/favicon [put]
+func (c *AppImagesController) updateFaviconHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	file, err := ctx.FormFile("file")
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	fileType := utils.GetFileExtension(file.Filename)
+	if fileType != "ico" {
+		_ = ctx.Error(&common.WrongFileTypeError{ExpectedFileType: ".ico"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := c.appImagesService.UpdateImage(ctx.Request.Context(), file, "favicon"); err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+func (c *AppImagesController) getImage(ctx *gin.Context, name string) {
+	reader, size, mimeType, err := c.appImagesService.GetImage(ctx.Request.Context(), name)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer reader.Close()
+
+	ctx.Header("Content-Type", mimeType)
+	utils.SetCacheControlHeader(ctx, 15*time.Minute, 24*time.Hour)
+	ctx.DataFromReader(http.StatusOK, size, mimeType, reader, nil)
+}
+
+// updateDefaultProfilePicture godoc
+// @Summary Update default profile picture image
+// @Description Update the default profile picture image
+// @Tags Application Images
+// @Accept multipart/form-data
+// @Param file formData file true "Profile picture image file"
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/application-images/default-profile-picture [put]
+func (c *AppImagesController) updateDefaultProfilePicture(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	file, err := ctx.FormFile("file")
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := c.appImagesService.UpdateImage(ctx.Request.Context(), file, "default-profile-picture"); err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// deleteDefaultProfilePicture godoc
+// @Summary Delete default profile picture image
+// @Description Delete the default profile picture image
+// @Tags Application Images
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/application-images/default-profile-picture [delete]
+func (c *AppImagesController) deleteDefaultProfilePicture(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	if err := c.appImagesService.DeleteImage(ctx.Request.Context(), "default-profile-picture"); err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}

backend/internal/controller/audit_log_controller.go

@@ -41,18 +41,12 @@ type AuditLogController struct {
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.AuditLogDto]
 // @Router /api/audit-logs [get]
 func (alc *AuditLogController) listAuditLogsForUserHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	var sortedPaginationRequest utils.SortedPaginationRequest
-
-	err := c.ShouldBindQuery(&sortedPaginationRequest)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
+	listRequestOptions := utils.ParseListRequestOptions(c)
 
 	userID := c.GetString("userID")
 
 	// Fetch audit logs for the user
-	logs, pagination, err := alc.auditLogService.ListAuditLogsForUser(c.Request.Context(), userID, sortedPaginationRequest)
+	logs, pagination, err := alc.auditLogService.ListAuditLogsForUser(c.Request.Context(), userID, listRequestOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -86,26 +80,12 @@ func (alc *AuditLogController) listAuditLogsForUserHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Param pagination[limit] query int false "Number of items per page" default(20)
 // @Param sort[column] query string false "Column to sort by"
 // @Param sort[direction] query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
-// @Param filters[userId] query string false "Filter by user ID"
-// @Param filters[event] query string false "Filter by event type"
-// @Param filters[clientName] query string false "Filter by client name"
-// @Param filters[location] query string false "Filter by location type (external or internal)"
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.AuditLogDto]
 // @Router /api/audit-logs/all [get]
 func (alc *AuditLogController) listAllAuditLogsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	var sortedPaginationRequest utils.SortedPaginationRequest
-	if err := c.ShouldBindQuery(&sortedPaginationRequest); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
+	listRequestOptions := utils.ParseListRequestOptions(c)
 
-	var filters dto.AuditLogFilterDto
-	if err := c.ShouldBindQuery(&filters); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	logs, pagination, err := alc.auditLogService.ListAllAuditLogs(c.Request.Context(), sortedPaginationRequest, filters)
+	logs, pagination, err := alc.auditLogService.ListAllAuditLogs(c.Request.Context(), listRequestOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return

backend/internal/controller/custom_claim_controller.go

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ func (ccc *CustomClaimController) getSuggestionsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 func (ccc *CustomClaimController) UpdateCustomClaimsForUserHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	var input []dto.CustomClaimCreateDto
 
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
+	if err := dto.ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(c, &input); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ func (ccc *CustomClaimController) UpdateCustomClaimsForUserHandler(c *gin.Contex
 func (ccc *CustomClaimController) UpdateCustomClaimsForUserGroupHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	var input []dto.CustomClaimCreateDto
 
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
+	if err := dto.ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(c, &input); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}

backend/internal/controller/e2etest_controller.go

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ func (tc *TestController) resetAndSeedHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if err := tc.TestService.ResetApplicationImages(); err != nil {
+	if err := tc.TestService.ResetApplicationImages(c.Request.Context()); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}

backend/internal/controller/oidc_controller.go

@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@ package controller
 
 import (
 	"errors"
-	"log"
+	"log/slog"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
@@ -55,8 +56,13 @@ func NewOidcController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMi
 	group.POST("/oidc/device/verify", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), oc.verifyDeviceCodeHandler)
 	group.GET("/oidc/device/info", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), oc.getDeviceCodeInfoHandler)
 
-	group.GET("/oidc/users/me/clients", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), oc.listOwnAuthorizedClientsHandler)
-	group.GET("/oidc/users/:id/clients", authMiddleware.Add(), oc.listAuthorizedClientsHandler)
+	group.GET("/oidc/users/me/authorized-clients", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), oc.listOwnAuthorizedClientsHandler)
+	group.GET("/oidc/users/:id/authorized-clients", authMiddleware.Add(), oc.listAuthorizedClientsHandler)
+
+	group.DELETE("/oidc/users/me/authorized-clients/:clientId", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), oc.revokeOwnClientAuthorizationHandler)
+
+	group.GET("/oidc/users/me/clients", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), oc.listOwnAccessibleClientsHandler)
+
 }
 
 type OidcController struct {
@@ -257,7 +263,7 @@ func (oc *OidcController) EndSessionHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	callbackURL, err := oc.oidcService.ValidateEndSession(c.Request.Context(), input, c.GetString("userID"))
 	if err != nil {
 		// If the validation fails, the user has to confirm the logout manually and doesn't get redirected
-		log.Printf("Error getting logout callback URL, the user has to confirm the logout manually: %v", err)
+		slog.WarnContext(c.Request.Context(), "Error getting logout callback URL, the user has to confirm the logout manually", "error", err)
 		c.Redirect(http.StatusFound, common.EnvConfig.AppURL+"/logout")
 		return
 	}
@@ -352,6 +358,7 @@ func (oc *OidcController) getClientMetaDataHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	clientDto := dto.OidcClientMetaDataDto{}
 	err = dto.MapStruct(client, &clientDto)
 	if err == nil {
+		clientDto.HasDarkLogo = client.HasDarkLogo()
 		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, clientDto)
 		return
 	}
@@ -398,13 +405,9 @@ func (oc *OidcController) getClientHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Router /api/oidc/clients [get]
 func (oc *OidcController) listClientsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	searchTerm := c.Query("search")
-	var sortedPaginationRequest utils.SortedPaginationRequest
-	if err := c.ShouldBindQuery(&sortedPaginationRequest); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
+	listRequestOptions := utils.ParseListRequestOptions(c)
 
-	clients, pagination, err := oc.oidcService.ListClients(c.Request.Context(), searchTerm, sortedPaginationRequest)
+	clients, pagination, err := oc.oidcService.ListClients(c.Request.Context(), searchTerm, listRequestOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -418,6 +421,7 @@ func (oc *OidcController) listClientsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 			_ = c.Error(err)
 			return
 		}
+		clientDto.HasDarkLogo = client.HasDarkLogo()
 		clientDto.AllowedUserGroupsCount, err = oc.oidcService.GetAllowedGroupsCountOfClient(c, client.ID)
 		if err != nil {
 			_ = c.Error(err)
@@ -487,11 +491,11 @@ func (oc *OidcController) deleteClientHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Accept json
 // @Produce json
 // @Param id path string true "Client ID"
-// @Param client body dto.OidcClientCreateDto true "Client information"
+// @Param client body dto.OidcClientUpdateDto true "Client information"
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.OidcClientWithAllowedUserGroupsDto "Updated client"
 // @Router /api/oidc/clients/{id} [put]
 func (oc *OidcController) updateClientHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	var input dto.OidcClientCreateDto
+	var input dto.OidcClientUpdateDto
 	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -538,19 +542,23 @@ func (oc *OidcController) createClientSecretHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Produce image/jpeg
 // @Produce image/svg+xml
 // @Param id path string true "Client ID"
+// @Param light query boolean false "Light mode logo (true) or dark mode logo (false)"
 // @Success 200 {file} binary "Logo image"
 // @Router /api/oidc/clients/{id}/logo [get]
 func (oc *OidcController) getClientLogoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	imagePath, mimeType, err := oc.oidcService.GetClientLogo(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"))
+	lightLogo, _ := strconv.ParseBool(c.DefaultQuery("light", "true"))
+
+	reader, size, mimeType, err := oc.oidcService.GetClientLogo(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"), lightLogo)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
+	defer reader.Close()
 
 	utils.SetCacheControlHeader(c, 15*time.Minute, 12*time.Hour)
 
 	c.Header("Content-Type", mimeType)
-	c.File(imagePath)
+	c.DataFromReader(http.StatusOK, size, mimeType, reader, nil)
 }
 
 // updateClientLogoHandler godoc
@@ -560,6 +568,7 @@ func (oc *OidcController) getClientLogoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Accept multipart/form-data
 // @Param id path string true "Client ID"
 // @Param file formData file true "Logo image file (PNG, JPG, or SVG)"
+// @Param light query boolean false "Light mode logo (true) or dark mode logo (false)"
 // @Success 204 "No Content"
 // @Router /api/oidc/clients/{id}/logo [post]
 func (oc *OidcController) updateClientLogoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
@@ -569,7 +578,9 @@ func (oc *OidcController) updateClientLogoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	err = oc.oidcService.UpdateClientLogo(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"), file)
+	lightLogo, _ := strconv.ParseBool(c.DefaultQuery("light", "true"))
+
+	err = oc.oidcService.UpdateClientLogo(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"), file, lightLogo)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -583,10 +594,19 @@ func (oc *OidcController) updateClientLogoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Description Delete the logo for an OIDC client
 // @Tags OIDC
 // @Param id path string true "Client ID"
+// @Param light query boolean false "Light mode logo (true) or dark mode logo (false)"
 // @Success 204 "No Content"
 // @Router /api/oidc/clients/{id}/logo [delete]
 func (oc *OidcController) deleteClientLogoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	err := oc.oidcService.DeleteClientLogo(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"))
+	var err error
+
+	lightLogo, _ := strconv.ParseBool(c.DefaultQuery("light", "true"))
+	if lightLogo {
+		err = oc.oidcService.DeleteClientLogo(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"))
+	} else {
+		err = oc.oidcService.DeleteClientDarkLogo(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"))
+	}
+
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -623,6 +643,7 @@ func (oc *OidcController) updateAllowedUserGroupsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
+	oidcClientDto.HasDarkLogo = oidcClient.HasDarkLogo()
 
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, oidcClientDto)
 }
@@ -657,7 +678,7 @@ func (oc *OidcController) deviceAuthorizationHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Param sort[column] query string false "Column to sort by"
 // @Param sort[direction] query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.AuthorizedOidcClientDto]
-// @Router /api/oidc/users/me/clients [get]
+// @Router /api/oidc/users/me/authorized-clients [get]
 func (oc *OidcController) listOwnAuthorizedClientsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	userID := c.GetString("userID")
 	oc.listAuthorizedClients(c, userID)
@@ -673,19 +694,16 @@ func (oc *OidcController) listOwnAuthorizedClientsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Param sort[column] query string false "Column to sort by"
 // @Param sort[direction] query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.AuthorizedOidcClientDto]
-// @Router /api/oidc/users/{id}/clients [get]
+// @Router /api/oidc/users/{id}/authorized-clients [get]
 func (oc *OidcController) listAuthorizedClientsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	userID := c.Param("id")
 	oc.listAuthorizedClients(c, userID)
 }
 
 func (oc *OidcController) listAuthorizedClients(c *gin.Context, userID string) {
-	var sortedPaginationRequest utils.SortedPaginationRequest
-	if err := c.ShouldBindQuery(&sortedPaginationRequest); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-	authorizedClients, pagination, err := oc.oidcService.ListAuthorizedClients(c.Request.Context(), userID, sortedPaginationRequest)
+	listRequestOptions := utils.ParseListRequestOptions(c)
+
+	authorizedClients, pagination, err := oc.oidcService.ListAuthorizedClients(c.Request.Context(), userID, listRequestOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -704,6 +722,54 @@ func (oc *OidcController) listAuthorizedClients(c *gin.Context, userID string) {
 	})
 }
 
+// revokeOwnClientAuthorizationHandler godoc
+// @Summary Revoke authorization for an OIDC client
+// @Description Revoke the authorization for a specific OIDC client for the current user
+// @Tags OIDC
+// @Param clientId path string true "Client ID to revoke authorization for"
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/oidc/users/me/authorized-clients/{clientId} [delete]
+func (oc *OidcController) revokeOwnClientAuthorizationHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	clientID := c.Param("clientId")
+
+	userID := c.GetString("userID")
+
+	err := oc.oidcService.RevokeAuthorizedClient(c.Request.Context(), userID, clientID)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// listOwnAccessibleClientsHandler godoc
+// @Summary List accessible OIDC clients for current user
+// @Description Get a list of OIDC clients that the current user can access
+// @Tags OIDC
+// @Param pagination[page] query int false "Page number for pagination" default(1)
+// @Param pagination[limit] query int false "Number of items per page" default(20)
+// @Param sort[column] query string false "Column to sort by"
+// @Param sort[direction] query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
+// @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.AccessibleOidcClientDto]
+// @Router /api/oidc/users/me/clients [get]
+func (oc *OidcController) listOwnAccessibleClientsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	listRequestOptions := utils.ParseListRequestOptions(c)
+
+	userID := c.GetString("userID")
+
+	clients, pagination, err := oc.oidcService.ListAccessibleOidcClients(c.Request.Context(), userID, listRequestOptions)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, dto.Paginated[dto.AccessibleOidcClientDto]{
+		Data:       clients,
+		Pagination: pagination,
+	})
+}
+
 func (oc *OidcController) verifyDeviceCodeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	userCode := c.Query("code")
 	if userCode == "" {
@@ -771,7 +837,7 @@ func (oc *OidcController) getClientPreviewHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	preview, err := oc.oidcService.GetClientPreview(c.Request.Context(), clientID, userID, scopes)
+	preview, err := oc.oidcService.GetClientPreview(c.Request.Context(), clientID, userID, strings.Split(scopes, " "))
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return

backend/internal/controller/user_controller.go

@@ -14,6 +14,11 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/time/rate"
 )
 
+const (
+	defaultOneTimeAccessTokenDuration = 15 * time.Minute
+	defaultSignupTokenDuration        = time.Hour
+)
+
 // NewUserController creates a new controller for user management endpoints
 // @Summary User management controller
 // @Description Initializes all user-related API endpoints
@@ -99,13 +104,9 @@ func (uc *UserController) getUserGroupsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Router /api/users [get]
 func (uc *UserController) listUsersHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	searchTerm := c.Query("search")
-	var sortedPaginationRequest utils.SortedPaginationRequest
-	if err := c.ShouldBindQuery(&sortedPaginationRequest); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
+	listRequestOptions := utils.ParseListRequestOptions(c)
 
-	users, pagination, err := uc.userService.ListUsers(c.Request.Context(), searchTerm, sortedPaginationRequest)
+	users, pagination, err := uc.userService.ListUsers(c.Request.Context(), searchTerm, listRequestOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -193,7 +194,7 @@ func (uc *UserController) deleteUserHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Router /api/users [post]
 func (uc *UserController) createUserHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	var input dto.UserCreateDto
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
+	if err := dto.ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(c, &input); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
@@ -285,7 +286,7 @@ func (uc *UserController) updateUserProfilePictureHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	}
 	defer file.Close()
 
-	if err := uc.userService.UpdateProfilePicture(userID, file); err != nil {
+	if err := uc.userService.UpdateProfilePicture(c.Request.Context(), userID, file); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
@@ -316,7 +317,7 @@ func (uc *UserController) updateCurrentUserProfilePictureHandler(c *gin.Context)
 	}
 	defer file.Close()
 
-	if err := uc.userService.UpdateProfilePicture(userID, file); err != nil {
+	if err := uc.userService.UpdateProfilePicture(c.Request.Context(), userID, file); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
@@ -331,10 +332,17 @@ func (uc *UserController) createOneTimeAccessTokenHandler(c *gin.Context, own bo
 		return
 	}
 
+	var ttl time.Duration
 	if own {
 		input.UserID = c.GetString("userID")
+		ttl = defaultOneTimeAccessTokenDuration
+	} else {
+		ttl = input.TTL.Duration
+		if ttl <= 0 {
+			ttl = defaultOneTimeAccessTokenDuration
+		}
 	}
-	token, err := uc.userService.CreateOneTimeAccessToken(c.Request.Context(), input.UserID, input.ExpiresAt)
+	token, err := uc.userService.CreateOneTimeAccessToken(c.Request.Context(), input.UserID, ttl)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -378,7 +386,7 @@ func (uc *UserController) createAdminOneTimeAccessTokenHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Router /api/one-time-access-email [post]
 func (uc *UserController) RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsUnauthenticatedUserHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	var input dto.OneTimeAccessEmailAsUnauthenticatedUserDto
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
+	if err := dto.ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(c, &input); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
@@ -411,7 +419,11 @@ func (uc *UserController) RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsAdminHandler(c *gin.Context
 
 	userID := c.Param("id")
 
-	err := uc.userService.RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsAdmin(c.Request.Context(), userID, input.ExpiresAt)
+	ttl := input.TTL.Duration
+	if ttl <= 0 {
+		ttl = defaultOneTimeAccessTokenDuration
+	}
+	err := uc.userService.RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsAdmin(c.Request.Context(), userID, ttl)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -457,7 +469,7 @@ func (uc *UserController) exchangeOneTimeAccessTokenHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Router /api/signup/setup [post]
 func (uc *UserController) signUpInitialAdmin(c *gin.Context) {
 	var input dto.SignUpDto
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
+	if err := dto.ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(c, &input); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
@@ -526,14 +538,20 @@ func (uc *UserController) createSignupTokenHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	signupToken, err := uc.userService.CreateSignupToken(c.Request.Context(), input.ExpiresAt, input.UsageLimit)
+	ttl := input.TTL.Duration
+	if ttl <= 0 {
+		ttl = defaultSignupTokenDuration
+	}
+
+	signupToken, err := uc.userService.CreateSignupToken(c.Request.Context(), ttl, input.UsageLimit)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
 
 	var tokenDto dto.SignupTokenDto
-	if err := dto.MapStruct(signupToken, &tokenDto); err != nil {
+	err = dto.MapStruct(signupToken, &tokenDto)
+	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
@@ -552,13 +570,9 @@ func (uc *UserController) createSignupTokenHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.SignupTokenDto]
 // @Router /api/signup-tokens [get]
 func (uc *UserController) listSignupTokensHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	var sortedPaginationRequest utils.SortedPaginationRequest
-	if err := c.ShouldBindQuery(&sortedPaginationRequest); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
+	listRequestOptions := utils.ParseListRequestOptions(c)
 
-	tokens, pagination, err := uc.userService.ListSignupTokens(c.Request.Context(), sortedPaginationRequest)
+	tokens, pagination, err := uc.userService.ListSignupTokens(c.Request.Context(), listRequestOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -606,7 +620,7 @@ func (uc *UserController) deleteSignupTokenHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Router /api/signup [post]
 func (uc *UserController) signupHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	var input dto.SignUpDto
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
+	if err := dto.ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(c, &input); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
@@ -635,7 +649,7 @@ func (uc *UserController) signupHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // updateUser is an internal helper method, not exposed as an API endpoint
 func (uc *UserController) updateUser(c *gin.Context, updateOwnUser bool) {
 	var input dto.UserCreateDto
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
+	if err := dto.ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(c, &input); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
@@ -673,7 +687,7 @@ func (uc *UserController) updateUser(c *gin.Context, updateOwnUser bool) {
 func (uc *UserController) resetUserProfilePictureHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	userID := c.Param("id")
 
-	if err := uc.userService.ResetProfilePicture(userID); err != nil {
+	if err := uc.userService.ResetProfilePicture(c.Request.Context(), userID); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
@@ -691,7 +705,7 @@ func (uc *UserController) resetUserProfilePictureHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 func (uc *UserController) resetCurrentUserProfilePictureHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	userID := c.GetString("userID")
 
-	if err := uc.userService.ResetProfilePicture(userID); err != nil {
+	if err := uc.userService.ResetProfilePicture(c.Request.Context(), userID); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}

backend/internal/controller/user_group_controller.go

@@ -47,16 +47,10 @@ type UserGroupController struct {
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.UserGroupDtoWithUserCount]
 // @Router /api/user-groups [get]
 func (ugc *UserGroupController) list(c *gin.Context) {
-	ctx := c.Request.Context()
-
 	searchTerm := c.Query("search")
-	var sortedPaginationRequest utils.SortedPaginationRequest
-	if err := c.ShouldBindQuery(&sortedPaginationRequest); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
+	listRequestOptions := utils.ParseListRequestOptions(c)
 
-	groups, pagination, err := ugc.UserGroupService.List(ctx, searchTerm, sortedPaginationRequest)
+	groups, pagination, err := ugc.UserGroupService.List(c, searchTerm, listRequestOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -70,7 +64,7 @@ func (ugc *UserGroupController) list(c *gin.Context) {
 			_ = c.Error(err)
 			return
 		}
-		groupDto.UserCount, err = ugc.UserGroupService.GetUserCountOfGroup(ctx, group.ID)
+		groupDto.UserCount, err = ugc.UserGroupService.GetUserCountOfGroup(c.Request.Context(), group.ID)
 		if err != nil {
 			_ = c.Error(err)
 			return
@@ -120,7 +114,7 @@ func (ugc *UserGroupController) get(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Router /api/user-groups [post]
 func (ugc *UserGroupController) create(c *gin.Context) {
 	var input dto.UserGroupCreateDto
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
+	if err := dto.ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(c, &input); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
@@ -152,7 +146,7 @@ func (ugc *UserGroupController) create(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Router /api/user-groups/{id} [put]
 func (ugc *UserGroupController) update(c *gin.Context) {
 	var input dto.UserGroupCreateDto
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
+	if err := dto.ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(c, &input); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}

backend/internal/controller/version_controller.go

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package controller
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+)
+
+// NewVersionController registers version-related routes.
+func NewVersionController(group *gin.RouterGroup, versionService *service.VersionService) {
+	vc := &VersionController{versionService: versionService}
+	group.GET("/version/latest", vc.getLatestVersionHandler)
+}
+
+type VersionController struct {
+	versionService *service.VersionService
+}
+
+// getLatestVersionHandler godoc
+// @Summary Get latest available version of Pocket ID
+// @Tags Version
+// @Produce json
+// @Success 200 {object} map[string]string "Latest version information"
+// @Router /api/version/latest [get]
+func (vc *VersionController) getLatestVersionHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	tag, err := vc.versionService.GetLatestVersion(c.Request.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	utils.SetCacheControlHeader(c, 5*time.Minute, 15*time.Minute)
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
+		"latestVersion": tag,
+	})
+}

backend/internal/controller/webauthn_controller.go

@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ func NewWebauthnController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.Au
 
 	group.POST("/webauthn/logout", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), wc.logoutHandler)
 
+	group.POST("/webauthn/reauthenticate", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), rateLimitMiddleware.Add(rate.Every(10*time.Second), 5), wc.reauthenticateHandler)
+
 	group.GET("/webauthn/credentials", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), wc.listCredentialsHandler)
 	group.PATCH("/webauthn/credentials/:id", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), wc.updateCredentialHandler)
 	group.DELETE("/webauthn/credentials/:id", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), wc.deleteCredentialHandler)
@@ -55,7 +57,7 @@ func (wc *WebauthnController) verifyRegistrationHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	}
 
 	userID := c.GetString("userID")
-	credential, err := wc.webAuthnService.VerifyRegistration(c.Request.Context(), sessionID, userID, c.Request)
+	credential, err := wc.webAuthnService.VerifyRegistration(c.Request.Context(), sessionID, userID, c.Request, c.ClientIP())
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -132,8 +134,10 @@ func (wc *WebauthnController) listCredentialsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 func (wc *WebauthnController) deleteCredentialHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	userID := c.GetString("userID")
 	credentialID := c.Param("id")
+	clientIP := c.ClientIP()
+	userAgent := c.Request.UserAgent()
 
-	err := wc.webAuthnService.DeleteCredential(c.Request.Context(), userID, credentialID)
+	err := wc.webAuthnService.DeleteCredential(c.Request.Context(), userID, credentialID, clientIP, userAgent)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -171,3 +175,33 @@ func (wc *WebauthnController) logoutHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	cookie.AddAccessTokenCookie(c, 0, "")
 	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
 }
+
+func (wc *WebauthnController) reauthenticateHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	sessionID, err := c.Cookie(cookie.SessionIdCookieName)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(&common.MissingSessionIdError{})
+		return
+	}
+
+	var token string
+
+	// Try to create a reauthentication token with WebAuthn
+	credentialAssertionData, err := protocol.ParseCredentialRequestResponseBody(c.Request.Body)
+	if err == nil {
+		token, err = wc.webAuthnService.CreateReauthenticationTokenWithWebauthn(c.Request.Context(), sessionID, credentialAssertionData)
+		if err != nil {
+			_ = c.Error(err)
+			return
+		}
+	} else {
+		// If WebAuthn fails, try to create a reauthentication token with the access token
+		accessToken, _ := c.Cookie(cookie.AccessTokenCookieName)
+		token, err = wc.webAuthnService.CreateReauthenticationTokenWithAccessToken(c.Request.Context(), accessToken)
+		if err != nil {
+			_ = c.Error(err)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"reauthenticationToken": token})
+}

backend/internal/controller/well_known_controller.go

@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@ package controller
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
+	"log/slog"
 	"net/http"
+	"os"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 
@@ -23,7 +24,9 @@ func NewWellKnownController(group *gin.RouterGroup, jwtService *service.JwtServi
 	var err error
 	wkc.oidcConfig, err = wkc.computeOIDCConfiguration()
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("Failed to pre-compute OpenID Connect configuration document: %v", err)
+		slog.Error("Failed to pre-compute OpenID Connect configuration document", slog.Any("error", err))
+		os.Exit(1)
+		return
 	}
 
 	group.GET("/.well-known/jwks.json", wkc.jwksHandler)
@@ -64,6 +67,9 @@ func (wkc *WellKnownController) openIDConfigurationHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 
 func (wkc *WellKnownController) computeOIDCConfiguration() ([]byte, error) {
 	appUrl := common.EnvConfig.AppURL
+
+	internalAppUrl := common.EnvConfig.InternalAppURL
+
 	alg, err := wkc.jwtService.GetKeyAlg()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get key algorithm: %w", err)
@@ -71,19 +77,20 @@ func (wkc *WellKnownController) computeOIDCConfiguration() ([]byte, error) {
 	config := map[string]any{
 		"issuer":                                         appUrl,
 		"authorization_endpoint":                         appUrl + "/authorize",
-		"token_endpoint":                                 appUrl + "/api/oidc/token",
-		"userinfo_endpoint":                              appUrl + "/api/oidc/userinfo",
+		"token_endpoint":                                 internalAppUrl + "/api/oidc/token",
+		"userinfo_endpoint":                              internalAppUrl + "/api/oidc/userinfo",
 		"end_session_endpoint":                           appUrl + "/api/oidc/end-session",
-		"introspection_endpoint":                         appUrl + "/api/oidc/introspect",
+		"introspection_endpoint":                         internalAppUrl + "/api/oidc/introspect",
 		"device_authorization_endpoint":                  appUrl + "/api/oidc/device/authorize",
-		"jwks_uri":                                       appUrl + "/.well-known/jwks.json",
-		"grant_types_supported":                          []string{service.GrantTypeAuthorizationCode, service.GrantTypeRefreshToken, service.GrantTypeDeviceCode},
+		"jwks_uri":                                       internalAppUrl + "/.well-known/jwks.json",
+		"grant_types_supported":                          []string{service.GrantTypeAuthorizationCode, service.GrantTypeRefreshToken, service.GrantTypeDeviceCode, service.GrantTypeClientCredentials},
 		"scopes_supported":                               []string{"openid", "profile", "email", "groups"},
 		"claims_supported":                               []string{"sub", "given_name", "family_name", "name", "email", "email_verified", "preferred_username", "picture", "groups"},
 		"response_types_supported":                       []string{"code", "id_token"},
 		"subject_types_supported":                        []string{"public"},
 		"id_token_signing_alg_values_supported":          []string{alg.String()},
 		"authorization_response_iss_parameter_supported": true,
+		"code_challenge_methods_supported":               []string{"plain", "S256"},
 	}
 	return json.Marshal(config)
 }

backend/internal/dto/api_key_dto.go

@@ -5,15 +5,15 @@ import (
 )
 
 type ApiKeyCreateDto struct {
-	Name        string            `json:"name" binding:"required,min=3,max=50"`
-	Description string            `json:"description"`
+	Name        string            `json:"name" binding:"required,min=3,max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
+	Description *string           `json:"description" unorm:"nfc"`
 	ExpiresAt   datatype.DateTime `json:"expiresAt" binding:"required"`
 }
 
 type ApiKeyDto struct {
 	ID                  string             `json:"id"`
 	Name                string             `json:"name"`
-	Description         string             `json:"description"`
+	Description         *string            `json:"description"`
 	ExpiresAt           datatype.DateTime  `json:"expiresAt"`
 	LastUsedAt          *datatype.DateTime `json:"lastUsedAt"`
 	CreatedAt           datatype.DateTime  `json:"createdAt"`

backend/internal/dto/app_config_dto.go

@@ -12,13 +12,16 @@ type AppConfigVariableDto struct {
 }
 
 type AppConfigUpdateDto struct {
-	AppName                                    string `json:"appName" binding:"required,min=1,max=30"`
+	AppName                                    string `json:"appName" binding:"required,min=1,max=30" unorm:"nfc"`
 	SessionDuration                            string `json:"sessionDuration" binding:"required"`
 	EmailsVerified                             string `json:"emailsVerified" binding:"required"`
 	DisableAnimations                          string `json:"disableAnimations" binding:"required"`
 	AllowOwnAccountEdit                        string `json:"allowOwnAccountEdit" binding:"required"`
 	AllowUserSignups                           string `json:"allowUserSignups" binding:"required,oneof=disabled withToken open"`
+	SignupDefaultUserGroupIDs                  string `json:"signupDefaultUserGroupIDs" binding:"omitempty,json"`
+	SignupDefaultCustomClaims                  string `json:"signupDefaultCustomClaims" binding:"omitempty,json"`
 	AccentColor                                string `json:"accentColor"`
+	RequireUserEmail                           string `json:"requireUserEmail" binding:"required"`
 	SmtpHost                                   string `json:"smtpHost"`
 	SmtpPort                                   string `json:"smtpPort"`
 	SmtpFrom                                   string `json:"smtpFrom" binding:"omitempty,email"`
@@ -39,6 +42,7 @@ type AppConfigUpdateDto struct {
 	LdapAttributeUserEmail                     string `json:"ldapAttributeUserEmail"`
 	LdapAttributeUserFirstName                 string `json:"ldapAttributeUserFirstName"`
 	LdapAttributeUserLastName                  string `json:"ldapAttributeUserLastName"`
+	LdapAttributeUserDisplayName               string `json:"ldapAttributeUserDisplayName"`
 	LdapAttributeUserProfilePicture            string `json:"ldapAttributeUserProfilePicture"`
 	LdapAttributeGroupMember                   string `json:"ldapAttributeGroupMember"`
 	LdapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier         string `json:"ldapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier"`

backend/internal/dto/audit_log_dto.go

@@ -17,10 +17,3 @@ type AuditLogDto struct {
 	Username  string            `json:"username"`
 	Data      map[string]string `json:"data"`
 }
-
-type AuditLogFilterDto struct {
-	UserID     string `form:"filters[userId]"`
-	Event      string `form:"filters[event]"`
-	ClientName string `form:"filters[clientName]"`
-	Location   string `form:"filters[location]"`
-}

backend/internal/dto/custom_claim_dto.go

@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ type CustomClaimDto struct {
 }
 
 type CustomClaimCreateDto struct {
-	Key   string `json:"key" binding:"required"`
-	Value string `json:"value" binding:"required"`
+	Key   string `json:"key" binding:"required" unorm:"nfc"`
+	Value string `json:"value" binding:"required" unorm:"nfc"`
 }

backend/internal/dto/dto_normalize.go

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+package dto
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"reflect"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
+	"golang.org/x/text/unicode/norm"
+)
+
+// Normalize iterates through an object and performs Unicode normalization on all string fields with the `unorm` tag.
+func Normalize(obj any) {
+	v := reflect.ValueOf(obj)
+	if v.Kind() != reflect.Ptr || v.IsNil() {
+		return
+	}
+	v = v.Elem()
+
+	// Handle case where obj is a slice of models
+	if v.Kind() == reflect.Slice {
+		for i := 0; i < v.Len(); i++ {
+			elem := v.Index(i)
+			if elem.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && !elem.IsNil() && elem.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Struct {
+				Normalize(elem.Interface())
+			} else if elem.Kind() == reflect.Struct && elem.CanAddr() {
+				Normalize(elem.Addr().Interface())
+			}
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	if v.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Iterate through all fields looking for those with the "unorm" tag
+	t := v.Type()
+loop:
+	for i := range t.NumField() {
+		field := t.Field(i)
+
+		unormTag := field.Tag.Get("unorm")
+		if unormTag == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		fv := v.Field(i)
+		if !fv.CanSet() || fv.Kind() != reflect.String {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		var form norm.Form
+		switch unormTag {
+		case "nfc":
+			form = norm.NFC
+		case "nfkc":
+			form = norm.NFKC
+		case "nfd":
+			form = norm.NFD
+		case "nfkd":
+			form = norm.NFKD
+		default:
+			continue loop
+		}
+
+		val := fv.String()
+		val = form.String(val)
+		fv.SetString(val)
+	}
+}
+
+func ShouldBindWithNormalizedJSON(ctx *gin.Context, obj any) error {
+	return ctx.ShouldBindWith(obj, binding.JSON)
+}
+
+type NormalizerJSONBinding struct{}
+
+func (NormalizerJSONBinding) Name() string {
+	return "json"
+}
+
+func (NormalizerJSONBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj any) error {
+	// Use the default JSON binder
+	err := binding.JSON.Bind(req, obj)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Perform normalization
+	Normalize(obj)
+
+	return nil
+}

backend/internal/dto/dto_normalize_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+package dto
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"golang.org/x/text/unicode/norm"
+)
+
+type testDto struct {
+	Name        string `unorm:"nfc"`
+	Description string `unorm:"nfd"`
+	Other       string
+	BadForm     string `unorm:"bad"`
+}
+
+func TestNormalize(t *testing.T) {
+	input := testDto{
+		// Is in NFC form already
+		Name: norm.NFC.String("Café"),
+		// NFC form will be normalized to NFD
+		Description: norm.NFC.String("vërø"),
+		// Should be unchanged
+		Other: "NöTag",
+		// Should be unchanged
+		BadForm: "BåD",
+	}
+
+	Normalize(&input)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, norm.NFC.String("Café"), input.Name)
+	assert.Equal(t, norm.NFD.String("vërø"), input.Description)
+	assert.Equal(t, "NöTag", input.Other)
+	assert.Equal(t, "BåD", input.BadForm)
+}
+
+func TestNormalizeSlice(t *testing.T) {
+	obj1 := testDto{
+		Name:        norm.NFC.String("Café1"),
+		Description: norm.NFC.String("vërø1"),
+		Other:       "NöTag1",
+		BadForm:     "BåD1",
+	}
+	obj2 := testDto{
+		Name:        norm.NFD.String("Résumé2"),
+		Description: norm.NFD.String("accéléré2"),
+		Other:       "NöTag2",
+		BadForm:     "BåD2",
+	}
+
+	t.Run("slice of structs", func(t *testing.T) {
+		slice := []testDto{obj1, obj2}
+		Normalize(&slice)
+
+		// Verify first element
+		assert.Equal(t, norm.NFC.String("Café1"), slice[0].Name)
+		assert.Equal(t, norm.NFD.String("vërø1"), slice[0].Description)
+		assert.Equal(t, "NöTag1", slice[0].Other)
+		assert.Equal(t, "BåD1", slice[0].BadForm)
+
+		// Verify second element
+		assert.Equal(t, norm.NFC.String("Résumé2"), slice[1].Name)
+		assert.Equal(t, norm.NFD.String("accéléré2"), slice[1].Description)
+		assert.Equal(t, "NöTag2", slice[1].Other)
+		assert.Equal(t, "BåD2", slice[1].BadForm)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("slice of pointers to structs", func(t *testing.T) {
+		slice := []*testDto{&obj1, &obj2}
+		Normalize(&slice)
+
+		// Verify first element
+		assert.Equal(t, norm.NFC.String("Café1"), slice[0].Name)
+		assert.Equal(t, norm.NFD.String("vërø1"), slice[0].Description)
+		assert.Equal(t, "NöTag1", slice[0].Other)
+		assert.Equal(t, "BåD1", slice[0].BadForm)
+
+		// Verify second element
+		assert.Equal(t, norm.NFC.String("Résumé2"), slice[1].Name)
+		assert.Equal(t, norm.NFD.String("accéléré2"), slice[1].Description)
+		assert.Equal(t, "NöTag2", slice[1].Other)
+		assert.Equal(t, "BåD2", slice[1].BadForm)
+	})
+}

backend/internal/dto/oidc_dto.go

@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
 package dto
 
+import datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+
 type OidcClientMetaDataDto struct {
-	ID      string `json:"id"`
-	Name    string `json:"name"`
-	HasLogo bool   `json:"hasLogo"`
+	ID                       string  `json:"id"`
+	Name                     string  `json:"name"`
+	HasLogo                  bool    `json:"hasLogo"`
+	HasDarkLogo              bool    `json:"hasDarkLogo"`
+	LaunchURL                *string `json:"launchURL"`
+	RequiresReauthentication bool    `json:"requiresReauthentication"`
 }
 
 type OidcClientDto struct {
@@ -25,13 +30,24 @@ type OidcClientWithAllowedGroupsCountDto struct {
 	AllowedUserGroupsCount int64 `json:"allowedUserGroupsCount"`
 }
 
+type OidcClientUpdateDto struct {
+	Name                     string                   `json:"name" binding:"required,max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
+	CallbackURLs             []string                 `json:"callbackURLs" binding:"omitempty,dive,callback_url"`
+	LogoutCallbackURLs       []string                 `json:"logoutCallbackURLs" binding:"omitempty,dive,callback_url"`
+	IsPublic                 bool                     `json:"isPublic"`
+	PkceEnabled              bool                     `json:"pkceEnabled"`
+	RequiresReauthentication bool                     `json:"requiresReauthentication"`
+	Credentials              OidcClientCredentialsDto `json:"credentials"`
+	LaunchURL                *string                  `json:"launchURL" binding:"omitempty,url"`
+	HasLogo                  bool                     `json:"hasLogo"`
+	HasDarkLogo              bool                     `json:"hasDarkLogo"`
+	LogoURL                  *string                  `json:"logoUrl"`
+	DarkLogoURL              *string                  `json:"darkLogoUrl"`
+}
+
 type OidcClientCreateDto struct {
-	Name               string                   `json:"name" binding:"required,max=50"`
-	CallbackURLs       []string                 `json:"callbackURLs"`
-	LogoutCallbackURLs []string                 `json:"logoutCallbackURLs"`
-	IsPublic           bool                     `json:"isPublic"`
-	PkceEnabled        bool                     `json:"pkceEnabled"`
-	Credentials        OidcClientCredentialsDto `json:"credentials"`
+	OidcClientUpdateDto
+	ID string `json:"id" binding:"omitempty,client_id,min=2,max=128"`
 }
 
 type OidcClientCredentialsDto struct {
@@ -46,12 +62,13 @@ type OidcClientFederatedIdentityDto struct {
 }
 
 type AuthorizeOidcClientRequestDto struct {
-	ClientID            string `json:"clientID" binding:"required"`
-	Scope               string `json:"scope" binding:"required"`
-	CallbackURL         string `json:"callbackURL"`
-	Nonce               string `json:"nonce"`
-	CodeChallenge       string `json:"codeChallenge"`
-	CodeChallengeMethod string `json:"codeChallengeMethod"`
+	ClientID              string `json:"clientID" binding:"required"`
+	Scope                 string `json:"scope" binding:"required"`
+	CallbackURL           string `json:"callbackURL"`
+	Nonce                 string `json:"nonce"`
+	CodeChallenge         string `json:"codeChallenge"`
+	CodeChallengeMethod   string `json:"codeChallengeMethod"`
+	ReauthenticationToken string `json:"reauthenticationToken"`
 }
 
 type AuthorizeOidcClientResponseDto struct {
@@ -75,6 +92,7 @@ type OidcCreateTokensDto struct {
 	RefreshToken        string `form:"refresh_token"`
 	ClientAssertion     string `form:"client_assertion"`
 	ClientAssertionType string `form:"client_assertion_type"`
+	Resource            string `form:"resource"`
 }
 
 type OidcIntrospectDto struct {
@@ -145,8 +163,9 @@ type DeviceCodeInfoDto struct {
 }
 
 type AuthorizedOidcClientDto struct {
-	Scope  string                `json:"scope"`
-	Client OidcClientMetaDataDto `json:"client"`
+	Scope      string                `json:"scope"`
+	Client     OidcClientMetaDataDto `json:"client"`
+	LastUsedAt datatype.DateTime     `json:"lastUsedAt"`
 }
 
 type OidcClientPreviewDto struct {
@@ -154,3 +173,8 @@ type OidcClientPreviewDto struct {
 	AccessToken map[string]any `json:"accessToken"`
 	UserInfo    map[string]any `json:"userInfo"`
 }
+
+type AccessibleOidcClientDto struct {
+	OidcClientMetaDataDto
+	LastUsedAt *datatype.DateTime `json:"lastUsedAt"`
+}

backend/internal/dto/signup_token_dto.go

@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
 package dto
 
 import (
-	"time"
-
 	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
 )
 
 type SignupTokenCreateDto struct {
-	ExpiresAt  time.Time `json:"expiresAt" binding:"required"`
-	UsageLimit int       `json:"usageLimit" binding:"required,min=1,max=100"`
+	TTL        utils.JSONDuration `json:"ttl" binding:"required,ttl"`
+	UsageLimit int                `json:"usageLimit" binding:"required,min=1,max=100"`
 }
 
 type SignupTokenDto struct {

backend/internal/dto/user_dto.go

@@ -1,13 +1,19 @@
 package dto
 
-import "time"
+import (
+	"errors"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+)
 
 type UserDto struct {
 	ID           string           `json:"id"`
 	Username     string           `json:"username"`
-	Email        string           `json:"email" `
+	Email        *string          `json:"email" `
 	FirstName    string           `json:"firstName"`
-	LastName     string           `json:"lastName"`
+	LastName     *string          `json:"lastName"`
+	DisplayName  string           `json:"displayName"`
 	IsAdmin      bool             `json:"isAdmin"`
 	Locale       *string          `json:"locale"`
 	CustomClaims []CustomClaimDto `json:"customClaims"`
@@ -17,28 +23,40 @@ type UserDto struct {
 }
 
 type UserCreateDto struct {
-	Username  string  `json:"username" binding:"required,username,min=2,max=50"`
-	Email     string  `json:"email" binding:"required,email"`
-	FirstName string  `json:"firstName" binding:"required,min=1,max=50"`
-	LastName  string  `json:"lastName" binding:"max=50"`
-	IsAdmin   bool    `json:"isAdmin"`
-	Locale    *string `json:"locale"`
-	Disabled  bool    `json:"disabled"`
-	LdapID    string  `json:"-"`
+	Username    string  `json:"username" binding:"required,username,min=2,max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
+	Email       *string `json:"email" binding:"omitempty,email" unorm:"nfc"`
+	FirstName   string  `json:"firstName" binding:"required,min=1,max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
+	LastName    string  `json:"lastName" binding:"max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
+	DisplayName string  `json:"displayName" binding:"required,min=1,max=100" unorm:"nfc"`
+	IsAdmin     bool    `json:"isAdmin"`
+	Locale      *string `json:"locale"`
+	Disabled    bool    `json:"disabled"`
+	LdapID      string  `json:"-"`
+}
+
+func (u UserCreateDto) Validate() error {
+	e, ok := binding.Validator.Engine().(interface {
+		Struct(s any) error
+	})
+	if !ok {
+		return errors.New("validator does not implement the expected interface")
+	}
+
+	return e.Struct(u)
 }
 
 type OneTimeAccessTokenCreateDto struct {
-	UserID    string    `json:"userId"`
-	ExpiresAt time.Time `json:"expiresAt" binding:"required"`
+	UserID string             `json:"userId"`
+	TTL    utils.JSONDuration `json:"ttl" binding:"ttl"`
 }
 
 type OneTimeAccessEmailAsUnauthenticatedUserDto struct {
-	Email        string `json:"email" binding:"required,email"`
+	Email        string `json:"email" binding:"required,email" unorm:"nfc"`
 	RedirectPath string `json:"redirectPath"`
 }
 
 type OneTimeAccessEmailAsAdminDto struct {
-	ExpiresAt time.Time `json:"expiresAt" binding:"required"`
+	TTL utils.JSONDuration `json:"ttl" binding:"ttl"`
 }
 
 type UserUpdateUserGroupDto struct {
@@ -46,9 +64,9 @@ type UserUpdateUserGroupDto struct {
 }
 
 type SignUpDto struct {
-	Username  string `json:"username" binding:"required,username,min=2,max=50"`
-	Email     string `json:"email" binding:"required,email"`
-	FirstName string `json:"firstName" binding:"required,min=1,max=50"`
-	LastName  string `json:"lastName" binding:"max=50"`
-	Token     string `json:"token"`
+	Username  string  `json:"username" binding:"required,username,min=2,max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
+	Email     *string `json:"email" binding:"omitempty,email" unorm:"nfc"`
+	FirstName string  `json:"firstName" binding:"required,min=1,max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
+	LastName  string  `json:"lastName" binding:"max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
+	Token     string  `json:"token"`
 }

backend/internal/dto/user_dto_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+package dto
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestUserCreateDto_Validate(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name    string
+		input   UserCreateDto
+		wantErr string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "valid input",
+			input: UserCreateDto{
+				Username:    "testuser",
+				Email:       utils.Ptr("test@example.com"),
+				FirstName:   "John",
+				LastName:    "Doe",
+				DisplayName: "John Doe",
+			},
+			wantErr: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "missing username",
+			input: UserCreateDto{
+				Email:       utils.Ptr("test@example.com"),
+				FirstName:   "John",
+				LastName:    "Doe",
+				DisplayName: "John Doe",
+			},
+			wantErr: "Field validation for 'Username' failed on the 'required' tag",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "missing display name",
+			input: UserCreateDto{
+				Email:     utils.Ptr("test@example.com"),
+				FirstName: "John",
+				LastName:  "Doe",
+			},
+			wantErr: "Field validation for 'DisplayName' failed on the 'required' tag",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "username contains invalid characters",
+			input: UserCreateDto{
+				Username:    "test/ser",
+				Email:       utils.Ptr("test@example.com"),
+				FirstName:   "John",
+				LastName:    "Doe",
+				DisplayName: "John Doe",
+			},
+			wantErr: "Field validation for 'Username' failed on the 'username' tag",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "invalid email",
+			input: UserCreateDto{
+				Username:    "testuser",
+				Email:       utils.Ptr("not-an-email"),
+				FirstName:   "John",
+				LastName:    "Doe",
+				DisplayName: "John Doe",
+			},
+			wantErr: "Field validation for 'Email' failed on the 'email' tag",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "first name too short",
+			input: UserCreateDto{
+				Username:    "testuser",
+				Email:       utils.Ptr("test@example.com"),
+				FirstName:   "",
+				LastName:    "Doe",
+				DisplayName: "John Doe",
+			},
+			wantErr: "Field validation for 'FirstName' failed on the 'required' tag",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "last name too long",
+			input: UserCreateDto{
+				Username:    "testuser",
+				Email:       utils.Ptr("test@example.com"),
+				FirstName:   "John",
+				LastName:    "abcdfghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz",
+				DisplayName: "John Doe",
+			},
+			wantErr: "Field validation for 'LastName' failed on the 'max' tag",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := tc.input.Validate()
+
+			if tc.wantErr == "" {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				return
+			}
+
+			require.Error(t, err)
+			require.ErrorContains(t, err, tc.wantErr)
+		})
+	}
+}

backend/internal/dto/user_group_dto.go

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 package dto
 
 import (
+	"errors"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
 	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
 )
 
@@ -34,11 +37,22 @@ type UserGroupDtoWithUserCount struct {
 }
 
 type UserGroupCreateDto struct {
-	FriendlyName string `json:"friendlyName" binding:"required,min=2,max=50"`
-	Name         string `json:"name" binding:"required,min=2,max=255"`
+	FriendlyName string `json:"friendlyName" binding:"required,min=2,max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
+	Name         string `json:"name" binding:"required,min=2,max=255" unorm:"nfc"`
 	LdapID       string `json:"-"`
 }
 
+func (g UserGroupCreateDto) Validate() error {
+	e, ok := binding.Validator.Engine().(interface {
+		Struct(s any) error
+	})
+	if !ok {
+		return errors.New("validator does not implement the expected interface")
+	}
+
+	return e.Struct(g)
+}
+
 type UserGroupUpdateUsersDto struct {
 	UserIDs []string `json:"userIds" binding:"required"`
 }

backend/internal/dto/validations.go

@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 package dto
 
 import (
-	"log"
+	"net/url"
 	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
 	"github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
@@ -13,14 +17,69 @@ import (
 // [a-zA-Z0-9]$     : The username must end with an alphanumeric character
 var validateUsernameRegex = regexp.MustCompile("^[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9_.@-]*[a-zA-Z0-9]$")
 
-var validateUsername validator.Func = func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
-	return validateUsernameRegex.MatchString(fl.Field().String())
-}
+var validateClientIDRegex = regexp.MustCompile("^[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+$")
 
 func init() {
-	if v, ok := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate); ok {
-		if err := v.RegisterValidation("username", validateUsername); err != nil {
-			log.Fatalf("Failed to register custom validation: %v", err)
+	v := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate)
+
+	// Maximum allowed value for TTLs
+	const maxTTL = 31 * 24 * time.Hour
+
+	if err := v.RegisterValidation("username", func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
+		return ValidateUsername(fl.Field().String())
+	}); err != nil {
+		panic("Failed to register custom validation for username: " + err.Error())
+	}
+
+	if err := v.RegisterValidation("client_id", func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
+		return ValidateClientID(fl.Field().String())
+	}); err != nil {
+		panic("Failed to register custom validation for client_id: " + err.Error())
+	}
+
+	if err := v.RegisterValidation("ttl", func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
+		ttl, ok := fl.Field().Interface().(utils.JSONDuration)
+		if !ok {
+			return false
 		}
+		// Allow zero, which means the field wasn't set
+		return ttl.Duration == 0 || (ttl.Duration > time.Second && ttl.Duration <= maxTTL)
+	}); err != nil {
+		panic("Failed to register custom validation for ttl: " + err.Error())
+	}
+
+	if err := v.RegisterValidation("callback_url", func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
+		return ValidateCallbackURL(fl.Field().String())
+	}); err != nil {
+		panic("Failed to register custom validation for callback_url: " + err.Error())
 	}
 }
+
+// ValidateUsername validates username inputs
+func ValidateUsername(username string) bool {
+	return validateUsernameRegex.MatchString(username)
+}
+
+// ValidateClientID validates client ID inputs
+func ValidateClientID(clientID string) bool {
+	return validateClientIDRegex.MatchString(clientID)
+}
+
+// ValidateCallbackURL validates callback URLs with support for wildcards
+func ValidateCallbackURL(raw string) bool {
+	// Don't validate if it contains a wildcard
+	if strings.Contains(raw, "*") {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	u, err := url.Parse(raw)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if !u.IsAbs() {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return true
+}

backend/internal/dto/validations_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package dto
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestValidateUsername(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		input    string
+		expected bool
+	}{
+		{"valid simple", "user123", true},
+		{"valid with dot", "user.name", true},
+		{"valid with underscore", "user_name", true},
+		{"valid with hyphen", "user-name", true},
+		{"valid with at", "user@name", true},
+		{"starts with symbol", ".username", false},
+		{"ends with non-alphanumeric", "username-", false},
+		{"contains space", "user name", false},
+		{"empty", "", false},
+		{"only special chars", "-._@", false},
+		{"valid long", "a1234567890_b.c-d@e", true},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, ValidateUsername(tt.input))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidateClientID(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		input    string
+		expected bool
+	}{
+		{"valid simple", "client123", true},
+		{"valid with dot", "client.id", true},
+		{"valid with underscore", "client_id", true},
+		{"valid with hyphen", "client-id", true},
+		{"valid with all", "client.id-123_abc", true},
+		{"contains space", "client id", false},
+		{"contains at", "client@id", false},
+		{"empty", "", false},
+		{"only special chars", "-._", true},
+		{"invalid char", "client!id", false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, ValidateClientID(tt.input))
+		})
+	}
+}

backend/internal/dto/webauthn_dto.go

@@ -19,5 +19,5 @@ type WebauthnCredentialDto struct {
 }
 
 type WebauthnCredentialUpdateDto struct {
-	Name string `json:"name" binding:"required,min=1,max=30"`
+	Name string `json:"name" binding:"required,min=1,max=50"`
 }

backend/internal/job/analytics_job.go

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ const heartbeatUrl = "https://analytics.pocket-id.org/heartbeat"
 
 func (s *Scheduler) RegisterAnalyticsJob(ctx context.Context, appConfig *service.AppConfigService, httpClient *http.Client) error {
 	// Skip if analytics are disabled or not in production environment
-	if common.EnvConfig.AnalyticsDisabled || common.EnvConfig.AppEnv != "production" {
+	if common.EnvConfig.AnalyticsDisabled || !common.EnvConfig.AppEnv.IsProduction() {
 		return nil
 	}
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ type AnalyticsJob struct {
 // sendHeartbeat sends a heartbeat to the analytics service
 func (j *AnalyticsJob) sendHeartbeat(parentCtx context.Context) error {
 	// Skip if analytics are disabled or not in production environment
-	if common.EnvConfig.AnalyticsDisabled || common.EnvConfig.AppEnv != "production" {
+	if common.EnvConfig.AnalyticsDisabled || !common.EnvConfig.AppEnv.IsProduction() {
 		return nil
 	}
 

backend/internal/job/api_key_expiry_job.go

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ func (j *ApiKeyEmailJobs) checkAndNotifyExpiringApiKeys(ctx context.Context) err
 	}
 
 	for _, key := range apiKeys {
-		if key.User.Email == "" {
+		if key.User.Email == nil {
 			continue
 		}
 		err = j.apiKeyService.SendApiKeyExpiringSoonEmail(ctx, key)

backend/internal/job/db_cleanup_job.go

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ func (s *Scheduler) RegisterDbCleanupJobs(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB) erro
 		s.registerJob(ctx, "ClearSignupTokens", def, jobs.clearSignupTokens, true),
 		s.registerJob(ctx, "ClearOidcAuthorizationCodes", def, jobs.clearOidcAuthorizationCodes, true),
 		s.registerJob(ctx, "ClearOidcRefreshTokens", def, jobs.clearOidcRefreshTokens, true),
+		s.registerJob(ctx, "ClearReauthenticationTokens", def, jobs.clearReauthenticationTokens, true),
 		s.registerJob(ctx, "ClearAuditLogs", def, jobs.clearAuditLogs, true),
 	)
 }
@@ -104,6 +105,20 @@ func (j *DbCleanupJobs) clearOidcRefreshTokens(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// ClearReauthenticationTokens deletes reauthentication tokens that have expired
+func (j *DbCleanupJobs) clearReauthenticationTokens(ctx context.Context) error {
+	st := j.db.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		Delete(&model.ReauthenticationToken{}, "expires_at < ?", datatype.DateTime(time.Now()))
+	if st.Error != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to clean expired reauthentication tokens: %w", st.Error)
+	}
+
+	slog.InfoContext(ctx, "Cleaned expired reauthentication tokens", slog.Int64("count", st.RowsAffected))
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 // ClearAuditLogs deletes audit logs older than 90 days
 func (j *DbCleanupJobs) clearAuditLogs(ctx context.Context) error {
 	st := j.db.

backend/internal/job/file_cleanup_job.go

@@ -2,29 +2,36 @@ package job
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
+	"path"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/storage"
 )
 
-func (s *Scheduler) RegisterFileCleanupJobs(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB) error {
-	jobs := &FileCleanupJobs{db: db}
+func (s *Scheduler) RegisterFileCleanupJobs(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, fileStorage storage.FileStorage) error {
+	jobs := &FileCleanupJobs{db: db, fileStorage: fileStorage}
 
-	// Run every 24 hours
-	return s.registerJob(ctx, "ClearUnusedDefaultProfilePictures", gocron.DurationJob(24*time.Hour), jobs.clearUnusedDefaultProfilePictures, false)
+	err := s.registerJob(ctx, "ClearUnusedDefaultProfilePictures", gocron.DurationJob(24*time.Hour), jobs.clearUnusedDefaultProfilePictures, false)
+
+	// Only necessary for file system storage
+	if fileStorage.Type() == storage.TypeFileSystem {
+		err = errors.Join(err, s.registerJob(ctx, "ClearOrphanedTempFiles", gocron.DurationJob(12*time.Hour), jobs.clearOrphanedTempFiles, true))
+	}
+
+	return err
 }
 
 type FileCleanupJobs struct {
-	db *gorm.DB
+	db          *gorm.DB
+	fileStorage storage.FileStorage
 }
 
 // ClearUnusedDefaultProfilePictures deletes default profile pictures that don't match any user's initials
@@ -44,29 +51,24 @@ func (j *FileCleanupJobs) clearUnusedDefaultProfilePictures(ctx context.Context)
 		initialsInUse[user.Initials()] = struct{}{}
 	}
 
-	defaultPicturesDir := common.EnvConfig.UploadPath + "/profile-pictures/defaults"
-	if _, err := os.Stat(defaultPicturesDir); os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	files, err := os.ReadDir(defaultPicturesDir)
+	defaultPicturesDir := path.Join("profile-pictures", "defaults")
+	files, err := j.fileStorage.List(ctx, defaultPicturesDir)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read default profile pictures directory: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to list default profile pictures: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	filesDeleted := 0
 	for _, file := range files {
-		if file.IsDir() {
-			continue // Skip directories
+		_, filename := path.Split(file.Path)
+		if filename == "" {
+			continue
 		}
-
-		filename := file.Name()
 		initials := strings.TrimSuffix(filename, ".png")
 
 		// If these initials aren't used by any user, delete the file
 		if _, ok := initialsInUse[initials]; !ok {
-			filePath := filepath.Join(defaultPicturesDir, filename)
-			if err := os.Remove(filePath); err != nil {
+			filePath := path.Join(defaultPicturesDir, filename)
+			if err := j.fileStorage.Delete(ctx, filePath); err != nil {
 				slog.ErrorContext(ctx, "Failed to delete unused default profile picture", slog.String("path", filePath), slog.Any("error", err))
 			} else {
 				filesDeleted++
@@ -77,3 +79,34 @@ func (j *FileCleanupJobs) clearUnusedDefaultProfilePictures(ctx context.Context)
 	slog.Info("Done deleting unused default profile pictures", slog.Int("count", filesDeleted))
 	return nil
 }
+
+// clearOrphanedTempFiles deletes temporary files that are produced by failed atomic writes
+func (j *FileCleanupJobs) clearOrphanedTempFiles(ctx context.Context) error {
+	const minAge = 10 * time.Minute
+
+	var deleted int
+	err := j.fileStorage.Walk(ctx, "/", func(p storage.ObjectInfo) error {
+		// Only temp files
+		if !strings.HasSuffix(p.Path, "-tmp") {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		if time.Since(p.ModTime) < minAge {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		if err := j.fileStorage.Delete(ctx, p.Path); err != nil {
+			slog.ErrorContext(ctx, "Failed to delete temp file", slog.String("path", p.Path), slog.Any("error", err))
+			return nil
+		}
+		deleted++
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to scan storage: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	slog.Info("Done cleaning orphaned temp files", slog.Int("count", deleted))
+	return nil
+}

backend/internal/middleware/csp_middleware.go

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+package middleware
+
+import (
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/base64"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+// CspMiddleware sets a Content Security Policy header and, when possible,
+// includes a per-request nonce for inline scripts.
+type CspMiddleware struct{}
+
+func NewCspMiddleware() *CspMiddleware { return &CspMiddleware{} }
+
+// GetCSPNonce returns the CSP nonce generated for this request, if any.
+func GetCSPNonce(c *gin.Context) string {
+	if v, ok := c.Get("csp_nonce"); ok {
+		if s, ok := v.(string); ok {
+			return s
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (m *CspMiddleware) Add() gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		// Generate a random base64 nonce for this request
+		nonce := generateNonce()
+		c.Set("csp_nonce", nonce)
+
+		csp := "default-src 'self'; " +
+			"base-uri 'self'; " +
+			"object-src 'none'; " +
+			"frame-ancestors 'none'; " +
+			"form-action 'self'; " +
+			"img-src * blob:;" +
+			"font-src 'self'; " +
+			"style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; " +
+			"script-src 'self' 'nonce-" + nonce + "'"
+
+		c.Writer.Header().Set("Content-Security-Policy", csp)
+		c.Next()
+	}
+}
+
+func generateNonce() string {
+	b := make([]byte, 16)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(b); err != nil {
+		return "" // if generation fails, return empty; policy will omit nonce
+	}
+	return base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(b)
+}

backend/internal/middleware/error_handler.go

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ func handleValidationError(validationErrors validator.ValidationErrors) string {
 		case "email":
 			errorMessage = fmt.Sprintf("%s must be a valid email address", fieldName)
 		case "username":
-			errorMessage = fmt.Sprintf("%s must only contain lowercase letters, numbers, underscores, dots, hyphens, and '@' symbols and not start or end with a special character", fieldName)
+			errorMessage = fmt.Sprintf("%s must only contain letters, numbers, underscores, dots, hyphens, and '@' symbols and not start or end with a special character", fieldName)
 		case "url":
 			errorMessage = fmt.Sprintf("%s must be a valid URL", fieldName)
 		case "min":

backend/internal/middleware/rate_limit.go

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ func (m *RateLimitMiddleware) Add(limit rate.Limit, burst int) gin.HandlerFunc {
 
 		// Skip rate limiting for localhost and test environment
 		// If the client ip is localhost the request comes from the frontend
-		if ip == "127.0.0.1" || ip == "::1" || common.EnvConfig.AppEnv == "test" {
+		if ip == "" || ip == "127.0.0.1" || ip == "::1" || common.EnvConfig.AppEnv.IsTest() {
 			c.Next()
 			return
 		}

backend/internal/model/app_config.go

@@ -34,19 +34,19 @@ func (a *AppConfigVariable) AsDurationMinutes() time.Duration {
 
 type AppConfig struct {
 	// General
-	AppName             AppConfigVariable `key:"appName,public"` // Public
-	SessionDuration     AppConfigVariable `key:"sessionDuration"`
-	EmailsVerified      AppConfigVariable `key:"emailsVerified"`
-	AccentColor         AppConfigVariable `key:"accentColor,public"`         // Public
-	DisableAnimations   AppConfigVariable `key:"disableAnimations,public"`   // Public
-	AllowOwnAccountEdit AppConfigVariable `key:"allowOwnAccountEdit,public"` // Public
-	AllowUserSignups    AppConfigVariable `key:"allowUserSignups,public"`    // Public
+	AppName                   AppConfigVariable `key:"appName,public"` // Public
+	SessionDuration           AppConfigVariable `key:"sessionDuration"`
+	EmailsVerified            AppConfigVariable `key:"emailsVerified"`
+	AccentColor               AppConfigVariable `key:"accentColor,public"`         // Public
+	DisableAnimations         AppConfigVariable `key:"disableAnimations,public"`   // Public
+	AllowOwnAccountEdit       AppConfigVariable `key:"allowOwnAccountEdit,public"` // Public
+	AllowUserSignups          AppConfigVariable `key:"allowUserSignups,public"`    // Public
+	SignupDefaultUserGroupIDs AppConfigVariable `key:"signupDefaultUserGroupIDs"`
+	SignupDefaultCustomClaims AppConfigVariable `key:"signupDefaultCustomClaims"`
 	// Internal
-	BackgroundImageType AppConfigVariable `key:"backgroundImageType,internal"` // Internal
-	LogoLightImageType  AppConfigVariable `key:"logoLightImageType,internal"`  // Internal
-	LogoDarkImageType   AppConfigVariable `key:"logoDarkImageType,internal"`   // Internal
-	InstanceID          AppConfigVariable `key:"instanceId,internal"`          // Internal
+	InstanceID AppConfigVariable `key:"instanceId,internal"` // Internal
 	// Email
+	RequireUserEmail                           AppConfigVariable `key:"requireUserEmail,public"` // Public
 	SmtpHost                                   AppConfigVariable `key:"smtpHost"`
 	SmtpPort                                   AppConfigVariable `key:"smtpPort"`
 	SmtpFrom                                   AppConfigVariable `key:"smtpFrom"`
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ type AppConfig struct {
 	LdapAttributeUserEmail             AppConfigVariable `key:"ldapAttributeUserEmail"`
 	LdapAttributeUserFirstName         AppConfigVariable `key:"ldapAttributeUserFirstName"`
 	LdapAttributeUserLastName          AppConfigVariable `key:"ldapAttributeUserLastName"`
+	LdapAttributeUserDisplayName       AppConfigVariable `key:"ldapAttributeUserDisplayName"`
 	LdapAttributeUserProfilePicture    AppConfigVariable `key:"ldapAttributeUserProfilePicture"`
 	LdapAttributeGroupMember           AppConfigVariable `key:"ldapAttributeGroupMember"`
 	LdapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier AppConfigVariable `key:"ldapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier"`
@@ -178,7 +179,7 @@ type AppConfigKeyNotFoundError struct {
 }
 
 func (e AppConfigKeyNotFoundError) Error() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("cannot find config key '%s'", e.field)
+	return "cannot find config key '" + e.field + "'"
 }
 
 func (e AppConfigKeyNotFoundError) Is(target error) bool {
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ type AppConfigInternalForbiddenError struct {
 }
 
 func (e AppConfigInternalForbiddenError) Error() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("field '%s' is internal and can't be updated", e.field)
+	return "field '" + e.field + "' is internal and can't be updated"
 }
 
 func (e AppConfigInternalForbiddenError) Is(target error) bool {

backend/internal/model/audit_log.go

@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@ package model
 import (
 	"database/sql/driver"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
 )
 
 type AuditLog struct {
 	Base
 
-	Event     AuditLogEvent `sortable:"true"`
+	Event     AuditLogEvent `sortable:"true" filterable:"true"`
 	IpAddress *string       `sortable:"true"`
 	Country   string        `sortable:"true"`
 	City      string        `sortable:"true"`
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ type AuditLog struct {
 	Username  string        `gorm:"-"`
 	Data      AuditLogData
 
-	UserID string
+	UserID string `filterable:"true"`
 	User   User
 }
 
@@ -33,6 +34,8 @@ const (
 	AuditLogEventNewClientAuthorization     AuditLogEvent = "NEW_CLIENT_AUTHORIZATION"
 	AuditLogEventDeviceCodeAuthorization    AuditLogEvent = "DEVICE_CODE_AUTHORIZATION"
 	AuditLogEventNewDeviceCodeAuthorization AuditLogEvent = "NEW_DEVICE_CODE_AUTHORIZATION"
+	AuditLogEventPasskeyAdded               AuditLogEvent = "PASSKEY_ADDED"
+	AuditLogEventPasskeyRemoved             AuditLogEvent = "PASSKEY_REMOVED"
 )
 
 // Scan and Value methods for GORM to handle the custom type
@@ -47,14 +50,7 @@ func (e AuditLogEvent) Value() (driver.Value, error) {
 }
 
 func (d *AuditLogData) Scan(value any) error {
-	switch v := value.(type) {
-	case []byte:
-		return json.Unmarshal(v, d)
-	case string:
-		return json.Unmarshal([]byte(v), d)
-	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported type: %T", value)
-	}
+	return utils.UnmarshalJSONFromDatabase(d, value)
 }
 
 func (d AuditLogData) Value() (driver.Value, error) {

backend/internal/model/oidc.go

@@ -3,15 +3,16 @@ package model
 import (
 	"database/sql/driver"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-
-	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	"strings"
 
 	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
 )
 
 type UserAuthorizedOidcClient struct {
-	Scope  string
+	Scope      string
+	LastUsedAt datatype.DateTime `sortable:"true"`
+
 	UserID string `gorm:"primary_key;"`
 	User   User
 
@@ -19,6 +20,14 @@ type UserAuthorizedOidcClient struct {
 	Client   OidcClient
 }
 
+func (c UserAuthorizedOidcClient) Scopes() []string {
+	if len(c.Scope) == 0 {
+		return []string{}
+	}
+
+	return strings.Split(c.Scope, " ")
+}
+
 type OidcAuthorizationCode struct {
 	Base
 
@@ -38,19 +47,30 @@ type OidcAuthorizationCode struct {
 type OidcClient struct {
 	Base
 
-	Name               string `sortable:"true"`
-	Secret             string
-	CallbackURLs       UrlList
-	LogoutCallbackURLs UrlList
-	ImageType          *string
-	HasLogo            bool `gorm:"-"`
-	IsPublic           bool
-	PkceEnabled        bool
-	Credentials        OidcClientCredentials
+	Name                     string `sortable:"true"`
+	Secret                   string
+	CallbackURLs             UrlList
+	LogoutCallbackURLs       UrlList
+	ImageType                *string
+	DarkImageType            *string
+	IsPublic                 bool
+	PkceEnabled              bool `sortable:"true" filterable:"true"`
+	RequiresReauthentication bool `sortable:"true" filterable:"true"`
+	Credentials              OidcClientCredentials
+	LaunchURL                *string
 
-	AllowedUserGroups []UserGroup `gorm:"many2many:oidc_clients_allowed_user_groups;"`
-	CreatedByID       string
-	CreatedBy         User
+	AllowedUserGroups         []UserGroup `gorm:"many2many:oidc_clients_allowed_user_groups;"`
+	CreatedByID               *string
+	CreatedBy                 *User
+	UserAuthorizedOidcClients []UserAuthorizedOidcClient `gorm:"foreignKey:ClientID;references:ID"`
+}
+
+func (c OidcClient) HasLogo() bool {
+	return c.ImageType != nil && *c.ImageType != ""
+}
+
+func (c OidcClient) HasDarkLogo() bool {
+	return c.DarkImageType != nil && *c.DarkImageType != ""
 }
 
 type OidcRefreshToken struct {
@@ -67,10 +87,12 @@ type OidcRefreshToken struct {
 	Client   OidcClient
 }
 
-func (c *OidcClient) AfterFind(_ *gorm.DB) (err error) {
-	// Compute HasLogo field
-	c.HasLogo = c.ImageType != nil && *c.ImageType != ""
-	return nil
+func (c OidcRefreshToken) Scopes() []string {
+	if len(c.Scope) == 0 {
+		return []string{}
+	}
+
+	return strings.Split(c.Scope, " ")
 }
 
 type OidcClientCredentials struct { //nolint:recvcheck
@@ -99,14 +121,7 @@ func (occ OidcClientCredentials) FederatedIdentityForIssuer(issuer string) (Oidc
 }
 
 func (occ *OidcClientCredentials) Scan(value any) error {
-	switch v := value.(type) {
-	case []byte:
-		return json.Unmarshal(v, occ)
-	case string:
-		return json.Unmarshal([]byte(v), occ)
-	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported type: %T", value)
-	}
+	return utils.UnmarshalJSONFromDatabase(occ, value)
 }
 
 func (occ OidcClientCredentials) Value() (driver.Value, error) {
@@ -116,14 +131,7 @@ func (occ OidcClientCredentials) Value() (driver.Value, error) {
 type UrlList []string //nolint:recvcheck
 
 func (cu *UrlList) Scan(value any) error {
-	switch v := value.(type) {
-	case []byte:
-		return json.Unmarshal(v, cu)
-	case string:
-		return json.Unmarshal([]byte(v), cu)
-	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported type: %T", value)
-	}
+	return utils.UnmarshalJSONFromDatabase(cu, value)
 }
 
 func (cu UrlList) Value() (driver.Value, error) {

backend/internal/model/storage.go

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package model
+
+import (
+	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+)
+
+type Storage struct {
+	Path      string `gorm:"primaryKey"`
+	Data      []byte
+	Size      int64
+	ModTime   datatype.DateTime
+	CreatedAt datatype.DateTime
+}
+
+func (Storage) TableName() string {
+	return "storage"
+}

backend/internal/model/user.go

@@ -13,14 +13,15 @@ import (
 type User struct {
 	Base
 
-	Username  string `sortable:"true"`
-	Email     string `sortable:"true"`
-	FirstName string `sortable:"true"`
-	LastName  string `sortable:"true"`
-	IsAdmin   bool   `sortable:"true"`
-	Locale    *string
-	LdapID    *string
-	Disabled  bool `sortable:"true"`
+	Username    string  `sortable:"true"`
+	Email       *string `sortable:"true"`
+	FirstName   string  `sortable:"true"`
+	LastName    string  `sortable:"true"`
+	DisplayName string  `sortable:"true"`
+	IsAdmin     bool    `sortable:"true" filterable:"true"`
+	Locale      *string
+	LdapID      *string
+	Disabled    bool `sortable:"true" filterable:"true"`
 
 	CustomClaims []CustomClaim
 	UserGroups   []UserGroup `gorm:"many2many:user_groups_users;"`
@@ -31,7 +32,12 @@ func (u User) WebAuthnID() []byte { return []byte(u.ID) }
 
 func (u User) WebAuthnName() string { return u.Username }
 
-func (u User) WebAuthnDisplayName() string { return u.FirstName + " " + u.LastName }
+func (u User) WebAuthnDisplayName() string {
+	if u.DisplayName != "" {
+		return u.DisplayName
+	}
+	return u.FirstName + " " + u.LastName
+}
 
 func (u User) WebAuthnIcon() string { return "" }
 
@@ -66,7 +72,9 @@ func (u User) WebAuthnCredentialDescriptors() (descriptors []protocol.Credential
 	return descriptors
 }
 
-func (u User) FullName() string { return u.FirstName + " " + u.LastName }
+func (u User) FullName() string {
+	return u.FirstName + " " + u.LastName
+}
 
 func (u User) Initials() string {
 	first := utils.GetFirstCharacter(u.FirstName)

backend/internal/model/webauthn.go

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ package model
 import (
 	"database/sql/driver"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn/protocol"
 	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
 )
 
 type WebauthnSession struct {
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ type WebauthnSession struct {
 	Challenge        string
 	ExpiresAt        datatype.DateTime
 	UserVerification string
+	CredentialParams CredentialParameters
 }
 
 type WebauthnCredential struct {
@@ -45,20 +46,33 @@ type PublicKeyCredentialRequestOptions struct {
 	Timeout   time.Duration
 }
 
+type ReauthenticationToken struct {
+	Base
+	Token     string
+	ExpiresAt datatype.DateTime
+
+	UserID string
+	User   User
+}
+
 type AuthenticatorTransportList []protocol.AuthenticatorTransport //nolint:recvcheck
 
 // Scan and Value methods for GORM to handle the custom type
 func (atl *AuthenticatorTransportList) Scan(value interface{}) error {
-	switch v := value.(type) {
-	case []byte:
-		return json.Unmarshal(v, atl)
-	case string:
-		return json.Unmarshal([]byte(v), atl)
-	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported type: %T", value)
-	}
+	return utils.UnmarshalJSONFromDatabase(atl, value)
 }
 
 func (atl AuthenticatorTransportList) Value() (driver.Value, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(atl)
 }
+
+type CredentialParameters []protocol.CredentialParameter //nolint:recvcheck
+
+// Scan and Value methods for GORM to handle the custom type
+func (cp *CredentialParameters) Scan(value interface{}) error {
+	return utils.UnmarshalJSONFromDatabase(cp, value)
+}
+
+func (cp CredentialParameters) Value() (driver.Value, error) {
+	return json.Marshal(cp)
+}

backend/internal/service/api_key_service.go

@@ -25,14 +25,14 @@ func NewApiKeyService(db *gorm.DB, emailService *EmailService) *ApiKeyService {
 	return &ApiKeyService{db: db, emailService: emailService}
 }
 
-func (s *ApiKeyService) ListApiKeys(ctx context.Context, userID string, sortedPaginationRequest utils.SortedPaginationRequest) ([]model.ApiKey, utils.PaginationResponse, error) {
+func (s *ApiKeyService) ListApiKeys(ctx context.Context, userID string, listRequestOptions utils.ListRequestOptions) ([]model.ApiKey, utils.PaginationResponse, error) {
 	query := s.db.
 		WithContext(ctx).
 		Where("user_id = ?", userID).
 		Model(&model.ApiKey{})
 
 	var apiKeys []model.ApiKey
-	pagination, err := utils.PaginateAndSort(sortedPaginationRequest, query, &apiKeys)
+	pagination, err := utils.PaginateFilterAndSort(listRequestOptions, query, &apiKeys)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, utils.PaginationResponse{}, err
 	}
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ func (s *ApiKeyService) CreateApiKey(ctx context.Context, userID string, input d
 	apiKey := model.ApiKey{
 		Name:        input.Name,
 		Key:         utils.CreateSha256Hash(token), // Hash the token for storage
-		Description: &input.Description,
-		ExpiresAt:   datatype.DateTime(input.ExpiresAt),
+		Description: input.Description,
+		ExpiresAt:   input.ExpiresAt,
 		UserID:      userID,
 	}
 
@@ -144,9 +144,13 @@ func (s *ApiKeyService) SendApiKeyExpiringSoonEmail(ctx context.Context, apiKey
 		}
 	}
 
+	if user.Email == nil {
+		return &common.UserEmailNotSetError{}
+	}
+
 	err := SendEmail(ctx, s.emailService, email.Address{
 		Name:  user.FullName(),
-		Email: user.Email,
+		Email: *user.Email,
 	}, ApiKeyExpiringSoonTemplate, &ApiKeyExpiringSoonTemplateData{
 		ApiKeyName: apiKey.Name,
 		ExpiresAt:  apiKey.ExpiresAt.ToTime(),

backend/internal/service/app_config_service.go

@@ -4,17 +4,13 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
-	"mime/multipart"
 	"os"
 	"reflect"
-	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/hashicorp/go-uuid"
-
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
 
@@ -29,22 +25,22 @@ type AppConfigService struct {
 	db       *gorm.DB
 }
 
-func NewAppConfigService(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB) *AppConfigService {
+func NewAppConfigService(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB) (*AppConfigService, error) {
 	service := &AppConfigService{
 		db: db,
 	}
 
 	err := service.LoadDbConfig(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("Failed to initialize app config service: %v", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize app config service: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	err = service.initInstanceID(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("Failed to initialize instance ID: %v", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize instance ID: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	return service
+	return service, nil
 }
 
 // GetDbConfig returns the application configuration.
@@ -63,19 +59,19 @@ func (s *AppConfigService) getDefaultDbConfig() *model.AppConfig {
 	// Values are the default ones
 	return &model.AppConfig{
 		// General
-		AppName:             model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "Pocket ID"},
-		SessionDuration:     model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "60"},
-		EmailsVerified:      model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "false"},
-		DisableAnimations:   model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "false"},
-		AllowOwnAccountEdit: model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "true"},
-		AllowUserSignups:    model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "disabled"},
-		AccentColor:         model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "default"},
+		AppName:                   model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "Pocket ID"},
+		SessionDuration:           model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "60"},
+		EmailsVerified:            model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "false"},
+		DisableAnimations:         model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "false"},
+		AllowOwnAccountEdit:       model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "true"},
+		AllowUserSignups:          model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "disabled"},
+		SignupDefaultUserGroupIDs: model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "[]"},
+		SignupDefaultCustomClaims: model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "[]"},
+		AccentColor:               model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "default"},
 		// Internal
-		BackgroundImageType: model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "jpg"},
-		LogoLightImageType:  model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "svg"},
-		LogoDarkImageType:   model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "svg"},
-		InstanceID:          model.AppConfigVariable{Value: ""},
+		InstanceID: model.AppConfigVariable{Value: ""},
 		// Email
+		RequireUserEmail:              model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "true"},
 		SmtpHost:                      model.AppConfigVariable{},
 		SmtpPort:                      model.AppConfigVariable{},
 		SmtpFrom:                      model.AppConfigVariable{},
@@ -101,6 +97,7 @@ func (s *AppConfigService) getDefaultDbConfig() *model.AppConfig {
 		LdapAttributeUserEmail:             model.AppConfigVariable{},
 		LdapAttributeUserFirstName:         model.AppConfigVariable{},
 		LdapAttributeUserLastName:          model.AppConfigVariable{},
+		LdapAttributeUserDisplayName:       model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "cn"},
 		LdapAttributeUserProfilePicture:    model.AppConfigVariable{},
 		LdapAttributeGroupMember:           model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "member"},
 		LdapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier: model.AppConfigVariable{},
@@ -322,39 +319,6 @@ func (s *AppConfigService) ListAppConfig(showAll bool) []model.AppConfigVariable
 	return s.GetDbConfig().ToAppConfigVariableSlice(showAll, true)
 }
 
-func (s *AppConfigService) UpdateImage(ctx context.Context, uploadedFile *multipart.FileHeader, imageName string, oldImageType string) (err error) {
-	fileType := strings.ToLower(utils.GetFileExtension(uploadedFile.Filename))
-	mimeType := utils.GetImageMimeType(fileType)
-	if mimeType == "" {
-		return &common.FileTypeNotSupportedError{}
-	}
-
-	// Save the updated image
-	imagePath := common.EnvConfig.UploadPath + "/application-images/" + imageName + "." + fileType
-	err = utils.SaveFile(uploadedFile, imagePath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// Delete the old image if it has a different file type, then update the type in the database
-	if fileType != oldImageType {
-		oldImagePath := common.EnvConfig.UploadPath + "/application-images/" + imageName + "." + oldImageType
-		err = os.Remove(oldImagePath)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		// Update the file type in the database
-		err = s.UpdateAppConfigValues(ctx, imageName+"ImageType", fileType)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
 // LoadDbConfig loads the configuration values from the database into the DbConfig struct.
 func (s *AppConfigService) LoadDbConfig(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 	dest, err := s.loadDbConfigInternal(ctx, s.db)
@@ -414,12 +378,10 @@ func (s *AppConfigService) loadDbConfigFromEnv(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB)
 		field := rt.Field(i)
 
 		// Get the key and internal tag values
-		tagValue := strings.Split(field.Tag.Get("key"), ",")
-		key := tagValue[0]
-		isInternal := slices.Contains(tagValue, "internal")
+		key, attrs, _ := strings.Cut(field.Tag.Get("key"), ",")
 
 		// Internal fields are loaded from the database as they can't be set from the environment
-		if isInternal {
+		if attrs == "internal" {
 			var value string
 			err := tx.WithContext(ctx).
 				Model(&model.AppConfigVariable{}).
@@ -438,6 +400,20 @@ func (s *AppConfigService) loadDbConfigFromEnv(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB)
 		value, ok := os.LookupEnv(envVarName)
 		if ok {
 			rv.Field(i).FieldByName("Value").SetString(value)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// If it's sensitive, we also allow reading from file
+		if attrs == "sensitive" {
+			fileName := os.Getenv(envVarName + "_FILE")
+			if fileName != "" {
+				b, err := os.ReadFile(fileName)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read secret '%s' from file '%s': %w", envVarName, fileName, err)
+				}
+				rv.Field(i).FieldByName("Value").SetString(string(b))
+				continue
+			}
 		}
 	}
 

backend/internal/service/app_images_service.go

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"mime/multipart"
+	"path"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/storage"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+)
+
+type AppImagesService struct {
+	mu         sync.RWMutex
+	extensions map[string]string
+	storage    storage.FileStorage
+}
+
+func NewAppImagesService(extensions map[string]string, storage storage.FileStorage) *AppImagesService {
+	return &AppImagesService{extensions: extensions, storage: storage}
+}
+
+func (s *AppImagesService) GetImage(ctx context.Context, name string) (io.ReadCloser, int64, string, error) {
+	ext, err := s.getExtension(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, "", err
+	}
+
+	mimeType := utils.GetImageMimeType(ext)
+	if mimeType == "" {
+		return nil, 0, "", fmt.Errorf("unsupported image type '%s'", ext)
+	}
+
+	imagePath := path.Join("application-images", name+"."+ext)
+	reader, size, err := s.storage.Open(ctx, imagePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		if storage.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return nil, 0, "", &common.ImageNotFoundError{}
+		}
+		return nil, 0, "", err
+	}
+	return reader, size, mimeType, nil
+}
+
+func (s *AppImagesService) UpdateImage(ctx context.Context, file *multipart.FileHeader, imageName string) error {
+	fileType := strings.ToLower(utils.GetFileExtension(file.Filename))
+	mimeType := utils.GetImageMimeType(fileType)
+	if mimeType == "" {
+		return &common.FileTypeNotSupportedError{}
+	}
+
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	currentExt, ok := s.extensions[imageName]
+	if !ok {
+		s.extensions[imageName] = fileType
+	}
+
+	imagePath := path.Join("application-images", imageName+"."+fileType)
+	fileReader, err := file.Open()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer fileReader.Close()
+
+	if err := s.storage.Save(ctx, imagePath, fileReader); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if currentExt != "" && currentExt != fileType {
+		oldImagePath := path.Join("application-images", imageName+"."+currentExt)
+		if err := s.storage.Delete(ctx, oldImagePath); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	s.extensions[imageName] = fileType
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *AppImagesService) DeleteImage(ctx context.Context, imageName string) error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	ext, ok := s.extensions[imageName]
+	if !ok || ext == "" {
+		return &common.ImageNotFoundError{}
+	}
+
+	imagePath := path.Join("application-images", imageName+"."+ext)
+	if err := s.storage.Delete(ctx, imagePath); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	delete(s.extensions, imageName)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *AppImagesService) IsDefaultProfilePictureSet() bool {
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	_, ok := s.extensions["default-profile-picture"]
+	return ok
+}
+
+func (s *AppImagesService) getExtension(name string) (string, error) {
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	ext, ok := s.extensions[name]
+	if !ok || ext == "" {
+		return "", &common.ImageNotFoundError{}
+	}
+
+	return strings.ToLower(ext), nil
+}

backend/internal/service/app_images_service_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"mime/multipart"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"path"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/storage"
+)
+
+func TestAppImagesService_GetImage(t *testing.T) {
+	store, err := storage.NewFilesystemStorage(t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.NoError(t, store.Save(context.Background(), path.Join("application-images", "background.webp"), bytes.NewReader([]byte("data"))))
+
+	service := NewAppImagesService(map[string]string{"background": "webp"}, store)
+
+	reader, size, mimeType, err := service.GetImage(context.Background(), "background")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer reader.Close()
+	payload, err := io.ReadAll(reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, []byte("data"), payload)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(len(payload)), size)
+	require.Equal(t, "image/webp", mimeType)
+}
+
+func TestAppImagesService_UpdateImage(t *testing.T) {
+	store, err := storage.NewFilesystemStorage(t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.NoError(t, store.Save(context.Background(), path.Join("application-images", "logoLight.svg"), bytes.NewReader([]byte("old"))))
+
+	service := NewAppImagesService(map[string]string{"logoLight": "svg"}, store)
+
+	fileHeader := newFileHeader(t, "logoLight.png", []byte("new"))
+
+	require.NoError(t, service.UpdateImage(context.Background(), fileHeader, "logoLight"))
+
+	reader, _, err := store.Open(context.Background(), path.Join("application-images", "logoLight.png"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_ = reader.Close()
+
+	_, _, err = store.Open(context.Background(), path.Join("application-images", "logoLight.svg"))
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, fs.ErrNotExist)
+}
+
+func TestAppImagesService_ErrorsAndFlags(t *testing.T) {
+	store, err := storage.NewFilesystemStorage(t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	service := NewAppImagesService(map[string]string{}, store)
+
+	t.Run("get missing image returns not found", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, _, _, err := service.GetImage(context.Background(), "missing")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		var imageErr *common.ImageNotFoundError
+		assert.ErrorAs(t, err, &imageErr)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("reject unsupported file types", func(t *testing.T) {
+		err := service.UpdateImage(context.Background(), newFileHeader(t, "logo.txt", []byte("nope")), "logo")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		var fileTypeErr *common.FileTypeNotSupportedError
+		assert.ErrorAs(t, err, &fileTypeErr)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("delete and extension tracking", func(t *testing.T) {
+		require.NoError(t, store.Save(context.Background(), path.Join("application-images", "default-profile-picture.png"), bytes.NewReader([]byte("img"))))
+		service.extensions["default-profile-picture"] = "png"
+
+		require.NoError(t, service.DeleteImage(context.Background(), "default-profile-picture"))
+		assert.False(t, service.IsDefaultProfilePictureSet())
+
+		err := service.DeleteImage(context.Background(), "default-profile-picture")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		var imageErr *common.ImageNotFoundError
+		assert.ErrorAs(t, err, &imageErr)
+	})
+}
+
+func newFileHeader(t *testing.T, filename string, content []byte) *multipart.FileHeader {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	body := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	writer := multipart.NewWriter(body)
+
+	part, err := writer.CreateFormFile("file", filename)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = part.Write(content)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.NoError(t, writer.Close())
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", body)
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", writer.FormDataContentType())
+
+	_, fileHeader, err := req.FormFile("file")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	return fileHeader
+}

backend/internal/service/audit_log_service.go

@@ -3,14 +3,13 @@ package service
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
 	"log/slog"
 
 	userAgentParser "github.com/mileusna/useragent"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/dto"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/email"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 )
 
@@ -22,7 +21,12 @@ type AuditLogService struct {
 }
 
 func NewAuditLogService(db *gorm.DB, appConfigService *AppConfigService, emailService *EmailService, geoliteService *GeoLiteService) *AuditLogService {
-	return &AuditLogService{db: db, appConfigService: appConfigService, emailService: emailService, geoliteService: geoliteService}
+	return &AuditLogService{
+		db:               db,
+		appConfigService: appConfigService,
+		emailService:     emailService,
+		geoliteService:   geoliteService,
+	}
 }
 
 // Create creates a new audit log entry in the database
@@ -30,7 +34,7 @@ func (s *AuditLogService) Create(ctx context.Context, event model.AuditLogEvent,
 	country, city, err := s.geoliteService.GetLocationByIP(ipAddress)
 	if err != nil {
 		// Log the error but don't interrupt the operation
-		slog.Warn("Failed to get IP location", "error", err)
+		slog.Warn("Failed to get IP location", slog.String("ip", ipAddress), slog.Any("error", err))
 	}
 
 	auditLog := model.AuditLog{
@@ -70,14 +74,19 @@ func (s *AuditLogService) CreateNewSignInWithEmail(ctx context.Context, ipAddres
 
 	// Count the number of times the user has logged in from the same device
 	var count int64
-	err := tx.
+	stmt := tx.
 		WithContext(ctx).
 		Model(&model.AuditLog{}).
-		Where("user_id = ? AND ip_address = ? AND user_agent = ?", userID, ipAddress, userAgent).
-		Count(&count).
-		Error
+		Where("user_id = ? AND user_agent = ?", userID, userAgent)
+	if ipAddress == "" {
+		// An empty IP address is stored as NULL in the database
+		stmt = stmt.Where("ip_address IS NULL")
+	} else {
+		stmt = stmt.Where("ip_address = ?", ipAddress)
+	}
+	err := stmt.Count(&count).Error
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Printf("Failed to count audit logs: %v", err)
+		slog.ErrorContext(ctx, "Failed to count audit logs", slog.Any("error", err))
 		return createdAuditLog
 	}
 
@@ -86,7 +95,8 @@ func (s *AuditLogService) CreateNewSignInWithEmail(ctx context.Context, ipAddres
 		// We use a background context here as this is running in a goroutine
 		//nolint:contextcheck
 		go func() {
-			innerCtx := context.Background()
+			span := trace.SpanFromContext(ctx)
+			innerCtx := trace.ContextWithSpan(context.Background(), span)
 
 			// Note we don't use the transaction here because this is running in background
 			var user model.User
@@ -96,12 +106,17 @@ func (s *AuditLogService) CreateNewSignInWithEmail(ctx context.Context, ipAddres
 				First(&user).
 				Error
 			if innerErr != nil {
-				log.Printf("Failed to load user: %v", innerErr)
+				slog.ErrorContext(innerCtx, "Failed to load user from database to send notification email", slog.Any("error", innerErr))
+				return
+			}
+
+			if user.Email == nil {
+				return
 			}
 
 			innerErr = SendEmail(innerCtx, s.emailService, email.Address{
 				Name:  user.FullName(),
-				Email: user.Email,
+				Email: *user.Email,
 			}, NewLoginTemplate, &NewLoginTemplateData{
 				IPAddress: ipAddress,
 				Country:   createdAuditLog.Country,
@@ -110,7 +125,8 @@ func (s *AuditLogService) CreateNewSignInWithEmail(ctx context.Context, ipAddres
 				DateTime:  createdAuditLog.CreatedAt.UTC(),
 			})
 			if innerErr != nil {
-				log.Printf("Failed to send email to '%s': %v", user.Email, innerErr)
+				slog.ErrorContext(innerCtx, "Failed to send notification email", slog.Any("error", innerErr), slog.String("address", *user.Email))
+				return
 			}
 		}()
 	}
@@ -119,14 +135,14 @@ func (s *AuditLogService) CreateNewSignInWithEmail(ctx context.Context, ipAddres
 }
 
 // ListAuditLogsForUser retrieves all audit logs for a given user ID
-func (s *AuditLogService) ListAuditLogsForUser(ctx context.Context, userID string, sortedPaginationRequest utils.SortedPaginationRequest) ([]model.AuditLog, utils.PaginationResponse, error) {
+func (s *AuditLogService) ListAuditLogsForUser(ctx context.Context, userID string, listRequestOptions utils.ListRequestOptions) ([]model.AuditLog, utils.PaginationResponse, error) {
 	var logs []model.AuditLog
 	query := s.db.
 		WithContext(ctx).
 		Model(&model.AuditLog{}).
 		Where("user_id = ?", userID)
 
-	pagination, err := utils.PaginateAndSort(sortedPaginationRequest, query, &logs)
+	pagination, err := utils.PaginateFilterAndSort(listRequestOptions, query, &logs)
 	return logs, pagination, err
 }
 
@@ -135,7 +151,7 @@ func (s *AuditLogService) DeviceStringFromUserAgent(userAgent string) string {
 	return ua.Name + " on " + ua.OS + " " + ua.OSVersion
 }
 
-func (s *AuditLogService) ListAllAuditLogs(ctx context.Context, sortedPaginationRequest utils.SortedPaginationRequest, filters dto.AuditLogFilterDto) ([]model.AuditLog, utils.PaginationResponse, error) {
+func (s *AuditLogService) ListAllAuditLogs(ctx context.Context, listRequestOptions utils.ListRequestOptions) ([]model.AuditLog, utils.PaginationResponse, error) {
 	var logs []model.AuditLog
 
 	query := s.db.
@@ -143,33 +159,36 @@ func (s *AuditLogService) ListAllAuditLogs(ctx context.Context, sortedPagination
 		Preload("User").
 		Model(&model.AuditLog{})
 
-	if filters.UserID != "" {
-		query = query.Where("user_id = ?", filters.UserID)
-	}
-	if filters.Event != "" {
-		query = query.Where("event = ?", filters.Event)
-	}
-	if filters.ClientName != "" {
+	if clientName, ok := listRequestOptions.Filters["clientName"]; ok {
 		dialect := s.db.Name()
 		switch dialect {
 		case "sqlite":
-			query = query.Where("json_extract(data, '$.clientName') = ?", filters.ClientName)
+			query = query.Where("json_extract(data, '$.clientName') IN ?", clientName)
 		case "postgres":
-			query = query.Where("data->>'clientName' = ?", filters.ClientName)
+			query = query.Where("data->>'clientName' IN ?", clientName)
 		default:
 			return nil, utils.PaginationResponse{}, fmt.Errorf("unsupported database dialect: %s", dialect)
 		}
 	}
-	if filters.Location != "" {
-		switch filters.Location {
-		case "external":
-			query = query.Where("country != 'Internal Network'")
-		case "internal":
-			query = query.Where("country = 'Internal Network'")
+
+	if locations, ok := listRequestOptions.Filters["location"]; ok {
+		mapped := make([]string, 0, len(locations))
+		for _, v := range locations {
+			if s, ok := v.(string); ok {
+				switch s {
+				case "internal":
+					mapped = append(mapped, "Internal Network")
+				case "external":
+					mapped = append(mapped, "External Network")
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if len(mapped) > 0 {
+			query = query.Where("country IN ?", mapped)
 		}
 	}
 
-	pagination, err := utils.PaginateAndSort(sortedPaginationRequest, query, &logs)
+	pagination, err := utils.PaginateFilterAndSort(listRequestOptions, query, &logs)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, pagination, err
 	}
@@ -182,8 +201,8 @@ func (s *AuditLogService) ListUsernamesWithIds(ctx context.Context) (users map[s
 		WithContext(ctx).
 		Joins("User").
 		Model(&model.AuditLog{}).
-		Select("DISTINCT \"User\".id, \"User\".username").
-		Where("\"User\".username IS NOT NULL")
+		Select(`DISTINCT "User".id, "User".username`).
+		Where(`"User".username IS NOT NULL`)
 
 	type Result struct {
 		ID       string `gorm:"column:id"`
@@ -191,7 +210,8 @@ func (s *AuditLogService) ListUsernamesWithIds(ctx context.Context) (users map[s
 	}
 
 	var results []Result
-	if err := query.Find(&results).Error; err != nil {
+	err = query.Find(&results).Error
+	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to query user IDs: %w", err)
 	}
 
@@ -227,7 +247,8 @@ func (s *AuditLogService) ListClientNames(ctx context.Context) (clientNames []st
 	}
 
 	var results []Result
-	if err := query.Find(&results).Error; err != nil {
+	err = query.Find(&results).Error
+	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to query client IDs: %w", err)
 	}
 

backend/internal/service/custom_claim_service.go

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ func isReservedClaim(key string) bool {
 		"name",
 		"email",
 		"preferred_username",
+		"display_name",
 		"groups",
 		TokenTypeClaim,
 		"sub",
@@ -55,16 +56,46 @@ const (
 
 // UpdateCustomClaimsForUser updates the custom claims for a user
 func (s *CustomClaimService) UpdateCustomClaimsForUser(ctx context.Context, userID string, claims []dto.CustomClaimCreateDto) ([]model.CustomClaim, error) {
-	return s.updateCustomClaims(ctx, UserID, userID, claims)
+	tx := s.db.Begin()
+	defer func() {
+		tx.Rollback()
+	}()
+
+	updatedClaims, err := s.updateCustomClaimsInternal(ctx, UserID, userID, claims, tx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	err = tx.Commit().Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return updatedClaims, nil
 }
 
 // UpdateCustomClaimsForUserGroup updates the custom claims for a user group
 func (s *CustomClaimService) UpdateCustomClaimsForUserGroup(ctx context.Context, userGroupID string, claims []dto.CustomClaimCreateDto) ([]model.CustomClaim, error) {
-	return s.updateCustomClaims(ctx, UserGroupID, userGroupID, claims)
+	tx := s.db.Begin()
+	defer func() {
+		tx.Rollback()
+	}()
+
+	updatedClaims, err := s.updateCustomClaimsInternal(ctx, UserGroupID, userGroupID, claims, tx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	err = tx.Commit().Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return updatedClaims, nil
 }
 
-// updateCustomClaims updates the custom claims for a user or user group
-func (s *CustomClaimService) updateCustomClaims(ctx context.Context, idType idType, value string, claims []dto.CustomClaimCreateDto) ([]model.CustomClaim, error) {
+// updateCustomClaimsInternal updates the custom claims for a user or user group within a transaction
+func (s *CustomClaimService) updateCustomClaimsInternal(ctx context.Context, idType idType, value string, claims []dto.CustomClaimCreateDto, tx *gorm.DB) ([]model.CustomClaim, error) {
 	// Check for duplicate keys in the claims slice
 	seenKeys := make(map[string]struct{})
 	for _, claim := range claims {
@@ -74,11 +105,6 @@ func (s *CustomClaimService) updateCustomClaims(ctx context.Context, idType idTy
 		seenKeys[claim.Key] = struct{}{}
 	}
 
-	tx := s.db.Begin()
-	defer func() {
-		tx.Rollback()
-	}()
-
 	var existingClaims []model.CustomClaim
 	err := tx.
 		WithContext(ctx).
@@ -150,11 +176,6 @@ func (s *CustomClaimService) updateCustomClaims(ctx context.Context, idType idTy
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	err = tx.Commit().Error
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
 	return updatedClaims, nil
 }
 

backend/internal/service/e2etest_service.go

@@ -10,9 +10,8 @@ import (
 	"crypto/x509"
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
+	"log/slog"
+	"path"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2"
@@ -25,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
 	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/storage"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
 	jwkutils "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/jwk"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/resources"
@@ -35,15 +35,17 @@ type TestService struct {
 	jwtService       *JwtService
 	appConfigService *AppConfigService
 	ldapService      *LdapService
+	fileStorage      storage.FileStorage
 	externalIdPKey   jwk.Key
 }
 
-func NewTestService(db *gorm.DB, appConfigService *AppConfigService, jwtService *JwtService, ldapService *LdapService) (*TestService, error) {
+func NewTestService(db *gorm.DB, appConfigService *AppConfigService, jwtService *JwtService, ldapService *LdapService, fileStorage storage.FileStorage) (*TestService, error) {
 	s := &TestService{
 		db:               db,
 		appConfigService: appConfigService,
 		jwtService:       jwtService,
 		ldapService:      ldapService,
+		fileStorage:      fileStorage,
 	}
 	err := s.initExternalIdP()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -78,21 +80,23 @@ func (s *TestService) SeedDatabase(baseURL string) error {
 				Base: model.Base{
 					ID: "f4b89dc2-62fb-46bf-9f5f-c34f4eafe93e",
 				},
-				Username:  "tim",
-				Email:     "tim.cook@test.com",
-				FirstName: "Tim",
-				LastName:  "Cook",
-				IsAdmin:   true,
+				Username:    "tim",
+				Email:       utils.Ptr("tim.cook@test.com"),
+				FirstName:   "Tim",
+				LastName:    "Cook",
+				DisplayName: "Tim Cook",
+				IsAdmin:     true,
 			},
 			{
 				Base: model.Base{
 					ID: "1cd19686-f9a6-43f4-a41f-14a0bf5b4036",
 				},
-				Username:  "craig",
-				Email:     "craig.federighi@test.com",
-				FirstName: "Craig",
-				LastName:  "Federighi",
-				IsAdmin:   false,
+				Username:    "craig",
+				Email:       utils.Ptr("craig.federighi@test.com"),
+				FirstName:   "Craig",
+				LastName:    "Federighi",
+				DisplayName: "Craig Federighi",
+				IsAdmin:     false,
 			},
 		}
 		for _, user := range users {
@@ -154,11 +158,12 @@ func (s *TestService) SeedDatabase(baseURL string) error {
 					ID: "3654a746-35d4-4321-ac61-0bdcff2b4055",
 				},
 				Name:               "Nextcloud",
+				LaunchURL:          utils.Ptr("https://nextcloud.local"),
 				Secret:             "$2a$10$9dypwot8nGuCjT6wQWWpJOckZfRprhe2EkwpKizxS/fpVHrOLEJHC", // w2mUeZISmEvIDMEDvpY0PnxQIpj1m3zY
 				CallbackURLs:       model.UrlList{"http://nextcloud/auth/callback"},
 				LogoutCallbackURLs: model.UrlList{"http://nextcloud/auth/logout/callback"},
 				ImageType:          utils.StringPointer("png"),
-				CreatedByID:        users[0].ID,
+				CreatedByID:        utils.Ptr(users[0].ID),
 			},
 			{
 				Base: model.Base{
@@ -167,11 +172,21 @@ func (s *TestService) SeedDatabase(baseURL string) error {
 				Name:         "Immich",
 				Secret:       "$2a$10$Ak.FP8riD1ssy2AGGbG.gOpnp/rBpymd74j0nxNMtW0GG1Lb4gzxe", // PYjrE9u4v9GVqXKi52eur0eb2Ci4kc0x
 				CallbackURLs: model.UrlList{"http://immich/auth/callback"},
-				CreatedByID:  users[1].ID,
+				CreatedByID:  utils.Ptr(users[1].ID),
 				AllowedUserGroups: []model.UserGroup{
 					userGroups[1],
 				},
 			},
+			{
+				Base: model.Base{
+					ID: "7c21a609-96b5-4011-9900-272b8d31a9d1",
+				},
+				Name:               "Tailscale",
+				Secret:             "$2a$10$xcRReBsvkI1XI6FG8xu/pOgzeF00bH5Wy4d/NThwcdi3ZBpVq/B9a", // n4VfQeXlTzA6yKpWbR9uJcMdSx2qH0Lo
+				CallbackURLs:       model.UrlList{"http://tailscale/auth/callback"},
+				LogoutCallbackURLs: model.UrlList{"http://tailscale/auth/logout/callback"},
+				CreatedByID:        utils.Ptr(users[0].ID),
+			},
 			{
 				Base: model.Base{
 					ID: "c48232ff-ff65-45ed-ae96-7afa8a9b443b",
@@ -179,7 +194,7 @@ func (s *TestService) SeedDatabase(baseURL string) error {
 				Name:              "Federated",
 				Secret:            "$2a$10$Ak.FP8riD1ssy2AGGbG.gOpnp/rBpymd74j0nxNMtW0GG1Lb4gzxe", // PYjrE9u4v9GVqXKi52eur0eb2Ci4kc0x
 				CallbackURLs:      model.UrlList{"http://federated/auth/callback"},
-				CreatedByID:       users[1].ID,
+				CreatedByID:       utils.Ptr(users[1].ID),
 				AllowedUserGroups: []model.UserGroup{},
 				Credentials: model.OidcClientCredentials{
 					FederatedIdentities: []model.OidcClientFederatedIdentity{
@@ -245,14 +260,22 @@ func (s *TestService) SeedDatabase(baseURL string) error {
 
 		userAuthorizedClients := []model.UserAuthorizedOidcClient{
 			{
-				Scope:    "openid profile email",
-				UserID:   users[0].ID,
-				ClientID: oidcClients[0].ID,
+				Scope:      "openid profile email",
+				UserID:     users[0].ID,
+				ClientID:   oidcClients[0].ID,
+				LastUsedAt: datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2025, 8, 1, 13, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)),
 			},
 			{
-				Scope:    "openid profile email",
-				UserID:   users[1].ID,
-				ClientID: oidcClients[2].ID,
+				Scope:      "openid profile email",
+				UserID:     users[0].ID,
+				ClientID:   oidcClients[2].ID,
+				LastUsedAt: datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2025, 8, 10, 14, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)),
+			},
+			{
+				Scope:      "openid profile email",
+				UserID:     users[1].ID,
+				ClientID:   oidcClients[3].ID,
+				LastUsedAt: datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2025, 8, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)),
 			},
 		}
 		for _, userAuthorizedClient := range userAuthorizedClients {
@@ -324,7 +347,7 @@ func (s *TestService) SeedDatabase(baseURL string) error {
 			},
 			{
 				Base: model.Base{
-					ID: "b2c3d4e5-f6g7-8901-bcde-f12345678901",
+					ID: "dc3c9c96-714e-48eb-926e-2d7c7858e6cf",
 				},
 				Token:      "PARTIAL567890ABC",
 				ExpiresAt:  datatype.DateTime(time.Now().Add(7 * 24 * time.Hour)),
@@ -333,7 +356,7 @@ func (s *TestService) SeedDatabase(baseURL string) error {
 			},
 			{
 				Base: model.Base{
-					ID: "c3d4e5f6-g7h8-9012-cdef-123456789012",
+					ID: "44de1863-ffa5-4db1-9507-4887cd7a1e3f",
 				},
 				Token:      "EXPIRED34567890B",
 				ExpiresAt:  datatype.DateTime(time.Now().Add(-24 * time.Hour)), // Expired
@@ -342,7 +365,7 @@ func (s *TestService) SeedDatabase(baseURL string) error {
 			},
 			{
 				Base: model.Base{
-					ID: "d4e5f6g7-h8i9-0123-def0-234567890123",
+					ID: "f1b1678b-7720-4d8b-8f91-1dbff1e2d02b",
 				},
 				Token:      "FULLYUSED567890C",
 				ExpiresAt:  datatype.DateTime(time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour)),
@@ -402,9 +425,10 @@ func (s *TestService) ResetDatabase() error {
 	return err
 }
 
-func (s *TestService) ResetApplicationImages() error {
-	if err := os.RemoveAll(common.EnvConfig.UploadPath); err != nil {
-		log.Printf("Error removing directory: %v", err)
+func (s *TestService) ResetApplicationImages(ctx context.Context) error {
+	err := s.fileStorage.DeleteAll(ctx, "/")
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.ErrorContext(ctx, "Error removing uploads", slog.Any("error", err))
 		return err
 	}
 
@@ -414,13 +438,20 @@ func (s *TestService) ResetApplicationImages() error {
 	}
 
 	for _, file := range files {
-		srcFilePath := filepath.Join("images", file.Name())
-		destFilePath := filepath.Join(common.EnvConfig.UploadPath, "application-images", file.Name())
-
-		err := utils.CopyEmbeddedFileToDisk(srcFilePath, destFilePath)
+		if file.IsDir() {
+			continue
+		}
+		srcFilePath := path.Join("images", file.Name())
+		srcFile, err := resources.FS.Open(srcFilePath)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+		err = s.fileStorage.Save(ctx, path.Join("application-images", file.Name()), srcFile)
+		if err != nil {
+			srcFile.Close()
+			return err
+		}
+		srcFile.Close()
 	}
 
 	return nil

backend/internal/service/email_service.go

@@ -62,9 +62,13 @@ func (srv *EmailService) SendTestEmail(ctx context.Context, recipientUserId stri
 		return err
 	}
 
+	if user.Email == nil {
+		return &common.UserEmailNotSetError{}
+	}
+
 	return SendEmail(ctx, srv,
 		email.Address{
-			Email: user.Email,
+			Email: *user.Email,
 			Name:  user.FullName(),
 		}, TestTemplate, nil)
 }
@@ -74,7 +78,7 @@ func SendEmail[V any](ctx context.Context, srv *EmailService, toEmail email.Addr
 
 	data := &email.TemplateData[V]{
 		AppName: dbConfig.AppName.Value,
-		LogoURL: common.EnvConfig.AppURL + "/api/application-configuration/logo",
+		LogoURL: common.EnvConfig.AppURL + "/api/application-images/logo",
 		Data:    tData,
 	}
 
@@ -262,7 +266,7 @@ func prepareBody[V any](srv *EmailService, template email.Template[V], data *ema
 
 	// prepare text part
 	var textHeader = textproto.MIMEHeader{}
-	textHeader.Add("Content-Type", "text/plain;\n charset=UTF-8")
+	textHeader.Add("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=UTF-8")
 	textHeader.Add("Content-Transfer-Encoding", "quoted-printable")
 	textPart, err := mpart.CreatePart(textHeader)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -274,10 +278,10 @@ func prepareBody[V any](srv *EmailService, template email.Template[V], data *ema
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("execute text template: %w", err)
 	}
+	textQp.Close()
 
-	// prepare html part
 	var htmlHeader = textproto.MIMEHeader{}
-	htmlHeader.Add("Content-Type", "text/html;\n charset=UTF-8")
+	htmlHeader.Add("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=UTF-8")
 	htmlHeader.Add("Content-Transfer-Encoding", "quoted-printable")
 	htmlPart, err := mpart.CreatePart(htmlHeader)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -289,6 +293,7 @@ func prepareBody[V any](srv *EmailService, template email.Template[V], data *ema
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("execute html template: %w", err)
 	}
+	htmlQp.Close()
 
 	err = mpart.Close()
 	if err != nil {

backend/internal/service/geolite_service.go

@@ -7,41 +7,25 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"log"
+	"log/slog"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/oschwald/maxminddb-golang/v2"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 )
 
 type GeoLiteService struct {
-	httpClient      *http.Client
-	disableUpdater  bool
-	mutex           sync.RWMutex
-	localIPv6Ranges []*net.IPNet
-}
-
-var localhostIPNets = []*net.IPNet{
-	{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 0), Mask: net.CIDRMask(8, 32)}, // 127.0.0.0/8
-	{IP: net.IPv6loopback, Mask: net.CIDRMask(128, 128)},    // ::1/128
-}
-
-var privateLanIPNets = []*net.IPNet{
-	{IP: net.IPv4(10, 0, 0, 0), Mask: net.CIDRMask(8, 32)},     // 10.0.0.0/8
-	{IP: net.IPv4(172, 16, 0, 0), Mask: net.CIDRMask(12, 32)},  // 172.16.0.0/12
-	{IP: net.IPv4(192, 168, 0, 0), Mask: net.CIDRMask(16, 32)}, // 192.168.0.0/16
-}
-
-var tailscaleIPNets = []*net.IPNet{
-	{IP: net.IPv4(100, 64, 0, 0), Mask: net.CIDRMask(10, 32)}, // 100.64.0.0/10
+	httpClient     *http.Client
+	disableUpdater bool
+	mutex          sync.RWMutex
 }
 
 // NewGeoLiteService initializes a new GeoLiteService instance and starts a goroutine to update the GeoLite2 City database.
@@ -52,70 +36,13 @@ func NewGeoLiteService(httpClient *http.Client) *GeoLiteService {
 
 	if common.EnvConfig.MaxMindLicenseKey == "" && common.EnvConfig.GeoLiteDBUrl == common.MaxMindGeoLiteCityUrl {
 		// Warn the user, and disable the periodic updater
-		log.Println("MAXMIND_LICENSE_KEY environment variable is empty. The GeoLite2 City database won't be updated.")
+		slog.Warn("MAXMIND_LICENSE_KEY environment variable is empty: the GeoLite2 City database won't be updated")
 		service.disableUpdater = true
 	}
 
-	// Initialize IPv6 local ranges
-	if err := service.initializeIPv6LocalRanges(); err != nil {
-		log.Printf("Warning: Failed to initialize IPv6 local ranges: %v", err)
-	}
-
 	return service
 }
 
-// initializeIPv6LocalRanges parses the LOCAL_IPV6_RANGES environment variable
-func (s *GeoLiteService) initializeIPv6LocalRanges() error {
-	rangesEnv := common.EnvConfig.LocalIPv6Ranges
-	if rangesEnv == "" {
-		return nil // No local IPv6 ranges configured
-	}
-
-	ranges := strings.Split(rangesEnv, ",")
-	localRanges := make([]*net.IPNet, 0, len(ranges))
-
-	for _, rangeStr := range ranges {
-		rangeStr = strings.TrimSpace(rangeStr)
-		if rangeStr == "" {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		_, ipNet, err := net.ParseCIDR(rangeStr)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("invalid IPv6 range '%s': %w", rangeStr, err)
-		}
-
-		// Ensure it's an IPv6 range
-		if ipNet.IP.To4() != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("range '%s' is not a valid IPv6 range", rangeStr)
-		}
-
-		localRanges = append(localRanges, ipNet)
-	}
-
-	s.localIPv6Ranges = localRanges
-
-	if len(localRanges) > 0 {
-		log.Printf("Initialized %d IPv6 local ranges", len(localRanges))
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// isLocalIPv6 checks if the given IPv6 address is within any of the configured local ranges
-func (s *GeoLiteService) isLocalIPv6(ip net.IP) bool {
-	if ip.To4() != nil {
-		return false // Not an IPv6 address
-	}
-
-	for _, localRange := range s.localIPv6Ranges {
-		if localRange.Contains(ip) {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-
-	return false
-}
-
 func (s *GeoLiteService) DisableUpdater() bool {
 	return s.disableUpdater
 }
@@ -128,26 +55,17 @@ func (s *GeoLiteService) GetLocationByIP(ipAddress string) (country, city string
 
 	// Check the IP address against known private IP ranges
 	if ip := net.ParseIP(ipAddress); ip != nil {
-		// Check IPv6 local ranges first
-		if s.isLocalIPv6(ip) {
+		if utils.IsLocalIPv6(ip) {
 			return "Internal Network", "LAN", nil
 		}
-
-		// Check existing IPv4 ranges
-		for _, ipNet := range tailscaleIPNets {
-			if ipNet.Contains(ip) {
-				return "Internal Network", "Tailscale", nil
-			}
+		if utils.IsTailscaleIP(ip) {
+			return "Internal Network", "Tailscale", nil
 		}
-		for _, ipNet := range privateLanIPNets {
-			if ipNet.Contains(ip) {
-				return "Internal Network", "LAN", nil
-			}
+		if utils.IsPrivateIP(ip) {
+			return "Internal Network", "LAN", nil
 		}
-		for _, ipNet := range localhostIPNets {
-			if ipNet.Contains(ip) {
-				return "Internal Network", "localhost", nil
-			}
+		if utils.IsLocalhostIP(ip) {
+			return "Internal Network", "localhost", nil
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -186,11 +104,11 @@ func (s *GeoLiteService) GetLocationByIP(ipAddress string) (country, city string
 // UpdateDatabase checks the age of the database and updates it if it's older than 14 days.
 func (s *GeoLiteService) UpdateDatabase(parentCtx context.Context) error {
 	if s.isDatabaseUpToDate() {
-		log.Println("GeoLite2 City database is up-to-date")
+		slog.Info("GeoLite2 City database is up-to-date")
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	log.Println("Updating GeoLite2 City database")
+	slog.Info("Updating GeoLite2 City database")
 	downloadUrl := fmt.Sprintf(common.EnvConfig.GeoLiteDBUrl, common.EnvConfig.MaxMindLicenseKey)
 
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(parentCtx, 10*time.Minute)
@@ -217,7 +135,7 @@ func (s *GeoLiteService) UpdateDatabase(parentCtx context.Context) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to extract database: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	log.Println("GeoLite2 City database successfully updated.")
+	slog.Info("GeoLite2 City database successfully updated.")
 	return nil
 }
 

backend/internal/service/geolite_service_test.go

@@ -1,220 +0,0 @@
-package service
-
-import (
-	"net"
-	"net/http"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func TestGeoLiteService_IPv6LocalRanges(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name            string
-		localRanges     string
-		testIP          string
-		expectedCountry string
-		expectedCity    string
-		expectError     bool
-	}{
-		{
-			name:            "IPv6 in local range",
-			localRanges:     "2001:0db8:abcd:000::/56,2001:0db8:abcd:001::/56",
-			testIP:          "2001:0db8:abcd:000::1",
-			expectedCountry: "Internal Network",
-			expectedCity:    "LAN",
-			expectError:     false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "IPv6 not in local range",
-			localRanges: "2001:0db8:abcd:000::/56",
-			testIP:      "2001:0db8:ffff:000::1",
-			expectError: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:            "Multiple ranges - second range match",
-			localRanges:     "2001:0db8:abcd:000::/56,2001:0db8:abcd:001::/56",
-			testIP:          "2001:0db8:abcd:001::1",
-			expectedCountry: "Internal Network",
-			expectedCity:    "LAN",
-			expectError:     false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "Empty local ranges",
-			localRanges: "",
-			testIP:      "2001:0db8:abcd:000::1",
-			expectError: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:            "IPv4 private address still works",
-			localRanges:     "2001:0db8:abcd:000::/56",
-			testIP:          "192.168.1.1",
-			expectedCountry: "Internal Network",
-			expectedCity:    "LAN",
-			expectError:     false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:            "IPv6 loopback",
-			localRanges:     "2001:0db8:abcd:000::/56",
-			testIP:          "::1",
-			expectedCountry: "Internal Network",
-			expectedCity:    "localhost",
-			expectError:     false,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			originalConfig := common.EnvConfig.LocalIPv6Ranges
-			common.EnvConfig.LocalIPv6Ranges = tt.localRanges
-			defer func() {
-				common.EnvConfig.LocalIPv6Ranges = originalConfig
-			}()
-
-			service := NewGeoLiteService(&http.Client{})
-
-			country, city, err := service.GetLocationByIP(tt.testIP)
-
-			if tt.expectError {
-				if err == nil && country != "Internal Network" {
-					t.Errorf("Expected error or internal network classification for external IP")
-				}
-			} else {
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedCountry, country)
-				assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedCity, city)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestGeoLiteService_isLocalIPv6(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name        string
-		localRanges string
-		testIP      string
-		expected    bool
-	}{
-		{
-			name:        "Valid IPv6 in range",
-			localRanges: "2001:0db8:abcd:000::/56",
-			testIP:      "2001:0db8:abcd:000::1",
-			expected:    true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "Valid IPv6 not in range",
-			localRanges: "2001:0db8:abcd:000::/56",
-			testIP:      "2001:0db8:ffff:000::1",
-			expected:    false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "IPv4 address should return false",
-			localRanges: "2001:0db8:abcd:000::/56",
-			testIP:      "192.168.1.1",
-			expected:    false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "No ranges configured",
-			localRanges: "",
-			testIP:      "2001:0db8:abcd:000::1",
-			expected:    false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "Edge of range",
-			localRanges: "2001:0db8:abcd:000::/56",
-			testIP:      "2001:0db8:abcd:00ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff",
-			expected:    true,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			originalConfig := common.EnvConfig.LocalIPv6Ranges
-			common.EnvConfig.LocalIPv6Ranges = tt.localRanges
-			defer func() {
-				common.EnvConfig.LocalIPv6Ranges = originalConfig
-			}()
-
-			service := NewGeoLiteService(&http.Client{})
-			ip := net.ParseIP(tt.testIP)
-			if ip == nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Invalid test IP: %s", tt.testIP)
-			}
-
-			result := service.isLocalIPv6(ip)
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, result)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestGeoLiteService_initializeIPv6LocalRanges(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name        string
-		envValue    string
-		expectError bool
-		expectCount int
-	}{
-		{
-			name:        "Valid IPv6 ranges",
-			envValue:    "2001:0db8:abcd:000::/56,2001:0db8:abcd:001::/56",
-			expectError: false,
-			expectCount: 2,
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "Empty environment variable",
-			envValue:    "",
-			expectError: false,
-			expectCount: 0,
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "Invalid CIDR notation",
-			envValue:    "2001:0db8:abcd:000::/999",
-			expectError: true,
-			expectCount: 0,
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "IPv4 range in IPv6 env var",
-			envValue:    "192.168.1.0/24",
-			expectError: true,
-			expectCount: 0,
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "Mixed valid and invalid ranges",
-			envValue:    "2001:0db8:abcd:000::/56,invalid-range",
-			expectError: true,
-			expectCount: 0,
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "Whitespace handling",
-			envValue:    " 2001:0db8:abcd:000::/56 , 2001:0db8:abcd:001::/56 ",
-			expectError: false,
-			expectCount: 2,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			originalConfig := common.EnvConfig.LocalIPv6Ranges
-			common.EnvConfig.LocalIPv6Ranges = tt.envValue
-			defer func() {
-				common.EnvConfig.LocalIPv6Ranges = originalConfig
-			}()
-
-			service := &GeoLiteService{
-				httpClient: &http.Client{},
-			}
-
-			err := service.initializeIPv6LocalRanges()
-
-			if tt.expectError {
-				require.Error(t, err)
-			} else {
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-			}
-
-			assert.Len(t, service.localIPv6Ranges, tt.expectCount)
-		})
-	}
-}

backend/internal/service/jwt_service.go

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3/jwa"
@@ -64,16 +63,16 @@ type JwtService struct {
 	jwksEncoded      []byte
 }
 
-func NewJwtService(db *gorm.DB, appConfigService *AppConfigService) *JwtService {
+func NewJwtService(db *gorm.DB, appConfigService *AppConfigService) (*JwtService, error) {
 	service := &JwtService{}
 
 	// Ensure keys are generated or loaded
 	err := service.init(db, appConfigService, &common.EnvConfig)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("Failed to initialize jwt service: %v", err)
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	return service
+	return service, nil
 }
 
 func (s *JwtService) init(db *gorm.DB, appConfigService *AppConfigService, envConfig *common.EnvConfigSchema) (err error) {

backend/internal/service/jwt_service_test.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3/jwa"
 	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3/jwk"
 	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3/jwt"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
@@ -342,7 +343,7 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 			Base: model.Base{
 				ID: "user123",
 			},
-			Email:   "user@example.com",
+			Email:   utils.Ptr("user@example.com"),
 			IsAdmin: false,
 		}
 
@@ -385,7 +386,7 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 			Base: model.Base{
 				ID: "admin123",
 			},
-			Email:   "admin@example.com",
+			Email:   utils.Ptr("admin@example.com"),
 			IsAdmin: true,
 		}
 
@@ -464,7 +465,7 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 			Base: model.Base{
 				ID: "eddsauser123",
 			},
-			Email:   "eddsauser@example.com",
+			Email:   utils.Ptr("eddsauser@example.com"),
 			IsAdmin: true,
 		}
 
@@ -521,7 +522,7 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 			Base: model.Base{
 				ID: "ecdsauser123",
 			},
-			Email:   "ecdsauser@example.com",
+			Email:   utils.Ptr("ecdsauser@example.com"),
 			IsAdmin: true,
 		}
 
@@ -578,7 +579,7 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 			Base: model.Base{
 				ID: "rsauser123",
 			},
-			Email:   "rsauser@example.com",
+			Email:   utils.Ptr("rsauser@example.com"),
 			IsAdmin: true,
 		}
 
@@ -965,7 +966,7 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyOAuthAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 			Base: model.Base{
 				ID: "user123",
 			},
-			Email: "user@example.com",
+			Email: utils.Ptr("user@example.com"),
 		}
 		const clientID = "test-client-123"
 
@@ -1092,7 +1093,7 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyOAuthAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 			Base: model.Base{
 				ID: "eddsauser789",
 			},
-			Email: "eddsaoauth@example.com",
+			Email: utils.Ptr("eddsaoauth@example.com"),
 		}
 		const clientID = "eddsa-oauth-client"
 
@@ -1149,7 +1150,7 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyOAuthAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 			Base: model.Base{
 				ID: "ecdsauser789",
 			},
-			Email: "ecdsaoauth@example.com",
+			Email: utils.Ptr("ecdsaoauth@example.com"),
 		}
 		const clientID = "ecdsa-oauth-client"
 
@@ -1206,7 +1207,7 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyOAuthAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 			Base: model.Base{
 				ID: "rsauser789",
 			},
-			Email: "rsaoauth@example.com",
+			Email: utils.Ptr("rsaoauth@example.com"),
 		}
 		const clientID = "rsa-oauth-client"
 

backend/internal/service/ldap_service.go

@@ -8,20 +8,24 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"log"
+	"log/slog"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
+	"path"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 	"unicode/utf8"
 
-	"github.com/google/uuid"
-
 	"github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3"
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/storage"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+	"golang.org/x/text/unicode/norm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/dto"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
-	"gorm.io/gorm"
 )
 
 type LdapService struct {
@@ -30,15 +34,23 @@ type LdapService struct {
 	appConfigService *AppConfigService
 	userService      *UserService
 	groupService     *UserGroupService
+	fileStorage      storage.FileStorage
 }
 
-func NewLdapService(db *gorm.DB, httpClient *http.Client, appConfigService *AppConfigService, userService *UserService, groupService *UserGroupService) *LdapService {
+type savePicture struct {
+	userID   string
+	username string
+	picture  string
+}
+
+func NewLdapService(db *gorm.DB, httpClient *http.Client, appConfigService *AppConfigService, userService *UserService, groupService *UserGroupService, fileStorage storage.FileStorage) *LdapService {
 	return &LdapService{
 		db:               db,
 		httpClient:       httpClient,
 		appConfigService: appConfigService,
 		userService:      userService,
 		groupService:     groupService,
+		fileStorage:      fileStorage,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -66,12 +78,6 @@ func (s *LdapService) createClient() (*ldap.Conn, error) {
 }
 
 func (s *LdapService) SyncAll(ctx context.Context) error {
-	// Start a transaction
-	tx := s.db.Begin()
-	defer func() {
-		tx.Rollback()
-	}()
-
 	// Setup LDAP connection
 	client, err := s.createClient()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -79,7 +85,13 @@ func (s *LdapService) SyncAll(ctx context.Context) error {
 	}
 	defer client.Close()
 
-	err = s.SyncUsers(ctx, tx, client)
+	// Start a transaction
+	tx := s.db.Begin()
+	defer func() {
+		tx.Rollback()
+	}()
+
+	savePictures, deleteFiles, err := s.SyncUsers(ctx, tx, client)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to sync users: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -95,6 +107,25 @@ func (s *LdapService) SyncAll(ctx context.Context) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to commit changes to database: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	// Now that we've committed the transaction, we can perform operations on the storage layer
+	// First, save all new pictures
+	for _, sp := range savePictures {
+		err = s.saveProfilePicture(ctx, sp.userID, sp.picture)
+		if err != nil {
+			// This is not a fatal error
+			slog.Warn("Error saving profile picture for LDAP user", slog.String("username", sp.username), slog.Any("error", err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Delete all old files
+	for _, path := range deleteFiles {
+		err = s.fileStorage.Delete(ctx, path)
+		if err != nil {
+			// This is not a fatal error
+			slog.Error("Failed to delete file after LDAP sync", slog.String("path", path), slog.Any("error", err))
+		}
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -129,7 +160,7 @@ func (s *LdapService) SyncGroups(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, client *ldap.
 
 		// Skip groups without a valid LDAP ID
 		if ldapId == "" {
-			log.Printf("Skipping LDAP group without a valid unique identifier (attribute: %s)", dbConfig.LdapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier.Value)
+			slog.Warn("Skipping LDAP group without a valid unique identifier", slog.String("attribute", dbConfig.LdapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier.Value))
 			continue
 		}
 
@@ -167,17 +198,19 @@ func (s *LdapService) SyncGroups(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, client *ldap.
 
 				userResult, err := client.Search(userSearchReq)
 				if err != nil || len(userResult.Entries) == 0 {
-					log.Printf("Could not resolve group member DN '%s': %v", member, err)
+					slog.WarnContext(ctx, "Could not resolve group member DN", slog.String("member", member), slog.Any("error", err))
 					continue
 				}
 
 				username = userResult.Entries[0].GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserUsername.Value)
 				if username == "" {
-					log.Printf("Could not extract username from group member DN '%s'", member)
+					slog.WarnContext(ctx, "Could not extract username from group member DN", slog.String("member", member))
 					continue
 				}
 			}
 
+			username = norm.NFC.String(username)
+
 			var databaseUser model.User
 			err = tx.
 				WithContext(ctx).
@@ -199,6 +232,13 @@ func (s *LdapService) SyncGroups(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, client *ldap.
 			FriendlyName: value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeGroupName.Value),
 			LdapID:       ldapId,
 		}
+		dto.Normalize(syncGroup)
+
+		err = syncGroup.Validate()
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.WarnContext(ctx, "LDAP user group object is not valid", slog.Any("error", err))
+			continue
+		}
 
 		if databaseGroup.ID == "" {
 			newGroup, err := s.groupService.createInternal(ctx, syncGroup, tx)
@@ -248,14 +288,14 @@ func (s *LdapService) SyncGroups(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, client *ldap.
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete group '%s': %w", group.Name, err)
 		}
 
-		log.Printf("Deleted group '%s'", group.Name)
+		slog.Info("Deleted group", slog.String("group", group.Name))
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
 //nolint:gocognit
-func (s *LdapService) SyncUsers(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, client *ldap.Conn) error {
+func (s *LdapService) SyncUsers(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, client *ldap.Conn) (savePictures []savePicture, deleteFiles []string, err error) {
 	dbConfig := s.appConfigService.GetDbConfig()
 
 	searchAttrs := []string{
@@ -268,6 +308,7 @@ func (s *LdapService) SyncUsers(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, client *ldap.C
 		dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserFirstName.Value,
 		dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserLastName.Value,
 		dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserProfilePicture.Value,
+		dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserDisplayName.Value,
 	}
 
 	// Filters must start and finish with ()!
@@ -282,18 +323,19 @@ func (s *LdapService) SyncUsers(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, client *ldap.C
 
 	result, err := client.Search(searchReq)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to query LDAP: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to query LDAP: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Create a mapping for users that exist
 	ldapUserIDs := make(map[string]struct{}, len(result.Entries))
+	savePictures = make([]savePicture, 0, len(result.Entries))
 
 	for _, value := range result.Entries {
 		ldapId := convertLdapIdToString(value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserUniqueIdentifier.Value))
 
 		// Skip users without a valid LDAP ID
 		if ldapId == "" {
-			log.Printf("Skipping LDAP user without a valid unique identifier (attribute: %s)", dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserUniqueIdentifier.Value)
+			slog.Warn("Skipping LDAP user without a valid unique identifier", slog.String("attribute", dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserUniqueIdentifier.Value))
 			continue
 		}
 
@@ -309,7 +351,6 @@ func (s *LdapService) SyncUsers(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, client *ldap.C
 
 		// If a user is found (even if disabled), enable them since they're now back in LDAP
 		if databaseUser.ID != "" && databaseUser.Disabled {
-			// Use the transaction instead of the direct context
 			err = tx.
 				WithContext(ctx).
 				Model(&model.User{}).
@@ -318,13 +359,13 @@ func (s *LdapService) SyncUsers(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, client *ldap.C
 				Error
 
 			if err != nil {
-				log.Printf("Failed to enable user %s: %v", databaseUser.Username, err)
+				return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to enable user %s: %w", databaseUser.Username, err)
 			}
 		}
 
 		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			// This could error with ErrRecordNotFound and we want to ignore that here
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to query for LDAP user ID '%s': %w", ldapId, err)
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to query for LDAP user ID '%s': %w", ldapId, err)
 		}
 
 		// Check if user is admin by checking if they are in the admin group
@@ -337,40 +378,56 @@ func (s *LdapService) SyncUsers(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, client *ldap.C
 		}
 
 		newUser := dto.UserCreateDto{
-			Username:  value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserUsername.Value),
-			Email:     value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserEmail.Value),
-			FirstName: value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserFirstName.Value),
-			LastName:  value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserLastName.Value),
-			IsAdmin:   isAdmin,
-			LdapID:    ldapId,
+			Username:    value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserUsername.Value),
+			Email:       utils.PtrOrNil(value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserEmail.Value)),
+			FirstName:   value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserFirstName.Value),
+			LastName:    value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserLastName.Value),
+			DisplayName: value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserDisplayName.Value),
+			IsAdmin:     isAdmin,
+			LdapID:      ldapId,
 		}
 
+		if newUser.DisplayName == "" {
+			newUser.DisplayName = strings.TrimSpace(newUser.FirstName + " " + newUser.LastName)
+		}
+
+		dto.Normalize(newUser)
+
+		err = newUser.Validate()
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.WarnContext(ctx, "LDAP user object is not valid", slog.Any("error", err))
+			continue
+		}
+
+		userID := databaseUser.ID
 		if databaseUser.ID == "" {
-			_, err = s.userService.createUserInternal(ctx, newUser, true, tx)
+			createdUser, err := s.userService.createUserInternal(ctx, newUser, true, tx)
 			if errors.Is(err, &common.AlreadyInUseError{}) {
-				log.Printf("Skipping creating LDAP user '%s': %v", newUser.Username, err)
+				slog.Warn("Skipping creating LDAP user", slog.String("username", newUser.Username), slog.Any("error", err))
 				continue
 			} else if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("error creating user '%s': %w", newUser.Username, err)
+				return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("error creating user '%s': %w", newUser.Username, err)
 			}
+			userID = createdUser.ID
 		} else {
 			_, err = s.userService.updateUserInternal(ctx, databaseUser.ID, newUser, false, true, tx)
 			if errors.Is(err, &common.AlreadyInUseError{}) {
-				log.Printf("Skipping updating LDAP user '%s': %v", newUser.Username, err)
+				slog.Warn("Skipping updating LDAP user", slog.String("username", newUser.Username), slog.Any("error", err))
 				continue
 			} else if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("error updating user '%s': %w", newUser.Username, err)
+				return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("error updating user '%s': %w", newUser.Username, err)
 			}
 		}
 
 		// Save profile picture
 		pictureString := value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserProfilePicture.Value)
 		if pictureString != "" {
-			err = s.saveProfilePicture(ctx, databaseUser.ID, pictureString)
-			if err != nil {
-				// This is not a fatal error
-				log.Printf("Error saving profile picture for user %s: %v", newUser.Username, err)
-			}
+			// Storage operations must be executed outside of a transaction
+			savePictures = append(savePictures, savePicture{
+				userID:   databaseUser.ID,
+				username: userID,
+				picture:  pictureString,
+			})
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -382,10 +439,11 @@ func (s *LdapService) SyncUsers(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, client *ldap.C
 		Select("id, username, ldap_id, disabled").
 		Error
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to fetch users from database: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to fetch users from database: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Mark users as disabled or delete users that no longer exist in LDAP
+	deleteFiles = make([]string, 0, len(ldapUserIDs))
 	for _, user := range ldapUsersInDb {
 		// Skip if the user ID exists in the fetched LDAP results
 		if _, exists := ldapUserIDs[*user.LdapID]; exists {
@@ -393,30 +451,34 @@ func (s *LdapService) SyncUsers(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, client *ldap.C
 		}
 
 		if dbConfig.LdapSoftDeleteUsers.IsTrue() {
-			err = s.userService.disableUserInternal(ctx, user.ID, tx)
+			err = s.userService.disableUserInternal(ctx, tx, user.ID)
 			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to disable user %s: %w", user.Username, err)
+				return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to disable user %s: %w", user.Username, err)
 			}
 
-			log.Printf("Disabled user '%s'", user.Username)
+			slog.Info("Disabled user", slog.String("username", user.Username))
 		} else {
-			err = s.userService.deleteUserInternal(ctx, user.ID, true, tx)
-			target := &common.LdapUserUpdateError{}
-			if errors.As(err, &target) {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete user %s: LDAP user must be disabled before deletion", user.Username)
-			} else if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete user %s: %w", user.Username, err)
+			err = s.userService.deleteUserInternal(ctx, tx, user.ID, true)
+			if err != nil {
+				target := &common.LdapUserUpdateError{}
+				if errors.As(err, &target) {
+					return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to delete user %s: LDAP user must be disabled before deletion", user.Username)
+				}
+				return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to delete user %s: %w", user.Username, err)
 			}
 
-			log.Printf("Deleted user '%s'", user.Username)
+			slog.Info("Deleted user", slog.String("username", user.Username))
+
+			// Storage operations must be executed outside of a transaction
+			deleteFiles = append(deleteFiles, path.Join("profile-pictures", user.ID+".png"))
 		}
 	}
 
-	return nil
+	return savePictures, deleteFiles, nil
 }
 
 func (s *LdapService) saveProfilePicture(parentCtx context.Context, userId string, pictureString string) error {
-	var reader io.Reader
+	var reader io.ReadSeeker
 
 	_, err := url.ParseRequestURI(pictureString)
 	if err == nil {
@@ -436,7 +498,12 @@ func (s *LdapService) saveProfilePicture(parentCtx context.Context, userId strin
 		}
 		defer res.Body.Close()
 
-		reader = res.Body
+		data, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to read profile picture: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		reader = bytes.NewReader(data)
 	} else if decodedPhoto, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(pictureString); err == nil {
 		// If the photo is a base64 encoded string, decode it
 		reader = bytes.NewReader(decodedPhoto)
@@ -446,7 +513,7 @@ func (s *LdapService) saveProfilePicture(parentCtx context.Context, userId strin
 	}
 
 	// Update the profile picture
-	err = s.userService.UpdateProfilePicture(userId, reader)
+	err = s.userService.UpdateProfilePicture(parentCtx, userId, reader)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to update profile picture: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -476,7 +543,7 @@ func getDNProperty(property string, str string) string {
 // LDAP servers may return binary UUIDs (16 bytes) or other non-UTF-8 data.
 func convertLdapIdToString(ldapId string) string {
 	if utf8.ValidString(ldapId) {
-		return ldapId
+		return norm.NFC.String(ldapId)
 	}
 
 	// Try to parse as binary UUID (16 bytes)

backend/internal/service/oidc_service_test.go

@@ -5,8 +5,13 @@ import (
 	"crypto/ecdsa"
 	"crypto/elliptic"
 	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
 	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -18,6 +23,8 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/dto"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/storage"
 	testutils "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/testing"
 )
 
@@ -148,6 +155,13 @@ func TestOidcService_verifyClientCredentialsInternal(t *testing.T) {
 	privateJWKDefaults, jwkSetJSONDefaults := generateTestECDSAKey(t)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
+	// Create a mock config and JwtService to test complete a token creation process
+	mockConfig := NewTestAppConfigService(&model.AppConfig{
+		SessionDuration: model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "60"}, // 60 minutes
+	})
+	mockJwtService, err := NewJwtService(db, mockConfig)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
 	// Create a mock HTTP client with custom transport to return the JWKS
 	httpClient := &http.Client{
 		Transport: &testutils.MockRoundTripper{
@@ -162,8 +176,10 @@ func TestOidcService_verifyClientCredentialsInternal(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Init the OidcService
 	s := &OidcService{
-		db:         db,
-		httpClient: httpClient,
+		db:               db,
+		jwtService:       mockJwtService,
+		appConfigService: mockConfig,
+		httpClient:       httpClient,
 	}
 	s.jwkCache, err = s.getJWKCache(t.Context())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -171,8 +187,10 @@ func TestOidcService_verifyClientCredentialsInternal(t *testing.T) {
 	// Create the test clients
 	// 1. Confidential client
 	confidentialClient, err := s.CreateClient(t.Context(), dto.OidcClientCreateDto{
-		Name:         "Confidential Client",
-		CallbackURLs: []string{"https://example.com/callback"},
+		OidcClientUpdateDto: dto.OidcClientUpdateDto{
+			Name:         "Confidential Client",
+			CallbackURLs: []string{"https://example.com/callback"},
+		},
 	}, "test-user-id")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -182,20 +200,24 @@ func TestOidcService_verifyClientCredentialsInternal(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// 2. Public client
 	publicClient, err := s.CreateClient(t.Context(), dto.OidcClientCreateDto{
-		Name:         "Public Client",
-		CallbackURLs: []string{"https://example.com/callback"},
-		IsPublic:     true,
+		OidcClientUpdateDto: dto.OidcClientUpdateDto{
+			Name:         "Public Client",
+			CallbackURLs: []string{"https://example.com/callback"},
+			IsPublic:     true,
+		},
 	}, "test-user-id")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// 3. Confidential client with federated identity
 	federatedClient, err := s.CreateClient(t.Context(), dto.OidcClientCreateDto{
-		Name:         "Federated Client",
-		CallbackURLs: []string{"https://example.com/callback"},
+		OidcClientUpdateDto: dto.OidcClientUpdateDto{
+			Name:         "Federated Client",
+			CallbackURLs: []string{"https://example.com/callback"},
+		},
 	}, "test-user-id")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	federatedClient, err = s.UpdateClient(t.Context(), federatedClient.ID, dto.OidcClientCreateDto{
+	federatedClient, err = s.UpdateClient(t.Context(), federatedClient.ID, dto.OidcClientUpdateDto{
 		Name:         federatedClient.Name,
 		CallbackURLs: federatedClient.CallbackURLs,
 		Credentials: dto.OidcClientCredentialsDto{
@@ -378,4 +400,576 @@ func TestOidcService_verifyClientCredentialsInternal(t *testing.T) {
 			assert.Equal(t, federatedClient.ID, client.ID)
 		})
 	})
+
+	t.Run("Complete token creation flow", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Run("Client Credentials flow", func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Run("Succeeds with valid secret", func(t *testing.T) {
+				// Generate a token
+				input := dto.OidcCreateTokensDto{
+					ClientID:     confidentialClient.ID,
+					ClientSecret: confidentialSecret,
+				}
+				token, err := s.createTokenFromClientCredentials(t.Context(), input)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.NotNil(t, token)
+
+				// Verify the token
+				claims, err := s.jwtService.VerifyOAuthAccessToken(token.AccessToken)
+				require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to verify generated token")
+
+				// Check the claims
+				subject, ok := claims.Subject()
+				_ = assert.True(t, ok, "User ID not found in token") &&
+					assert.Equal(t, "client-"+confidentialClient.ID, subject, "Token subject should match confidential client ID with prefix")
+				audience, ok := claims.Audience()
+				_ = assert.True(t, ok, "Audience not found in token") &&
+					assert.Equal(t, []string{confidentialClient.ID}, audience, "Audience should contain confidential client ID")
+			})
+
+			t.Run("Fails with invalid secret", func(t *testing.T) {
+				input := dto.OidcCreateTokensDto{
+					ClientID:     confidentialClient.ID,
+					ClientSecret: "invalid-secret",
+				}
+				_, err := s.createTokenFromClientCredentials(t.Context(), input)
+				require.Error(t, err)
+				require.ErrorIs(t, err, &common.OidcClientSecretInvalidError{})
+			})
+
+			t.Run("Fails without client secret for public clients", func(t *testing.T) {
+				input := dto.OidcCreateTokensDto{
+					ClientID: publicClient.ID,
+				}
+				_, err := s.createTokenFromClientCredentials(t.Context(), input)
+				require.Error(t, err)
+				require.ErrorIs(t, err, &common.OidcMissingClientCredentialsError{})
+			})
+
+			t.Run("Succeeds with valid assertion", func(t *testing.T) {
+				// Create JWT for federated identity
+				token, err := jwt.NewBuilder().
+					Issuer(federatedClientIssuer).
+					Audience([]string{federatedClientAudience}).
+					Subject(federatedClient.ID).
+					IssuedAt(time.Now()).
+					Expiration(time.Now().Add(10 * time.Minute)).
+					Build()
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				signedToken, err := jwt.Sign(token, jwt.WithKey(jwa.ES256(), privateJWK))
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+
+				// Generate a token
+				input := dto.OidcCreateTokensDto{
+					ClientAssertion:     string(signedToken),
+					ClientAssertionType: ClientAssertionTypeJWTBearer,
+				}
+				createdToken, err := s.createTokenFromClientCredentials(t.Context(), input)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.NotNil(t, token)
+
+				// Verify the token
+				claims, err := s.jwtService.VerifyOAuthAccessToken(createdToken.AccessToken)
+				require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to verify generated token")
+
+				// Check the claims
+				subject, ok := claims.Subject()
+				_ = assert.True(t, ok, "User ID not found in token") &&
+					assert.Equal(t, "client-"+federatedClient.ID, subject, "Token subject should match federated client ID with prefix")
+				audience, ok := claims.Audience()
+				_ = assert.True(t, ok, "Audience not found in token") &&
+					assert.Equal(t, []string{federatedClient.ID}, audience, "Audience should contain the federated client ID")
+			})
+
+			t.Run("Fails with invalid assertion", func(t *testing.T) {
+				input := dto.OidcCreateTokensDto{
+					ClientAssertion:     "invalid.jwt.token",
+					ClientAssertionType: ClientAssertionTypeJWTBearer,
+				}
+				_, err := s.createTokenFromClientCredentials(t.Context(), input)
+				require.Error(t, err)
+				require.ErrorIs(t, err, &common.OidcClientAssertionInvalidError{})
+			})
+
+			t.Run("Succeeds with custom resource", func(t *testing.T) {
+				// Generate a token
+				input := dto.OidcCreateTokensDto{
+					ClientID:     confidentialClient.ID,
+					ClientSecret: confidentialSecret,
+					Resource:     "https://example.com/",
+				}
+				token, err := s.createTokenFromClientCredentials(t.Context(), input)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.NotNil(t, token)
+
+				// Verify the token
+				claims, err := s.jwtService.VerifyOAuthAccessToken(token.AccessToken)
+				require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to verify generated token")
+
+				// Check the claims
+				subject, ok := claims.Subject()
+				_ = assert.True(t, ok, "User ID not found in token") &&
+					assert.Equal(t, "client-"+confidentialClient.ID, subject, "Token subject should match confidential client ID with prefix")
+				audience, ok := claims.Audience()
+				_ = assert.True(t, ok, "Audience not found in token") &&
+					assert.Equal(t, []string{input.Resource}, audience, "Audience should contain the resource provided in request")
+			})
+		})
+	})
+}
+
+func TestValidateCodeVerifier_Plain(t *testing.T) {
+	require.False(t, validateCodeVerifier("", "", false))
+	require.False(t, validateCodeVerifier("", "", true))
+
+	t.Run("plain", func(t *testing.T) {
+		require.False(t, validateCodeVerifier("", "challenge", false))
+		require.False(t, validateCodeVerifier("verifier", "", false))
+		require.True(t, validateCodeVerifier("plainVerifier", "plainVerifier", false))
+		require.False(t, validateCodeVerifier("plainVerifier", "otherVerifier", false))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("SHA 256", func(t *testing.T) {
+		codeVerifier := "dBjftJeZ4CVP-mB92K27uhbUJU1p1r_wW1gFWFOEjXk"
+		hash := sha256.Sum256([]byte(codeVerifier))
+		codeChallenge := base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(hash[:])
+
+		require.True(t, validateCodeVerifier(codeVerifier, codeChallenge, true))
+		require.False(t, validateCodeVerifier("wrongVerifier", codeChallenge, true))
+		require.False(t, validateCodeVerifier(codeVerifier, "!", true))
+
+		// Invalid base64
+		require.False(t, validateCodeVerifier("NOT!VALID", codeChallenge, true))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestOidcService_updateClientLogoType(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create a test database
+	db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+
+	// Create database storage
+	dbStorage, err := storage.NewDatabaseStorage(db)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Init the OidcService
+	s := &OidcService{
+		db:          db,
+		fileStorage: dbStorage,
+	}
+
+	// Create a test client
+	client := model.OidcClient{
+		Name:         "Test Client",
+		CallbackURLs: model.UrlList{"https://example.com/callback"},
+	}
+	err = db.Create(&client).Error
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Helper function to check if a file exists in storage
+	fileExists := func(t *testing.T, path string) bool {
+		t.Helper()
+		_, _, err := dbStorage.Open(t.Context(), path)
+		return err == nil
+	}
+
+	// Helper function to create a dummy file in storage
+	createDummyFile := func(t *testing.T, path string) {
+		t.Helper()
+		err := dbStorage.Save(t.Context(), path, strings.NewReader("dummy content"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+
+	t.Run("Updates light logo type for client without previous logo", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Update the logo type
+		err := s.updateClientLogoType(t.Context(), client.ID, "png", true)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Verify the client was updated
+		var updatedClient model.OidcClient
+		err = db.First(&updatedClient, "id = ?", client.ID).Error
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, updatedClient.ImageType)
+		assert.Equal(t, "png", *updatedClient.ImageType)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Updates dark logo type for client without previous dark logo", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Update the dark logo type
+		err := s.updateClientLogoType(t.Context(), client.ID, "jpg", false)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Verify the client was updated
+		var updatedClient model.OidcClient
+		err = db.First(&updatedClient, "id = ?", client.ID).Error
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, updatedClient.DarkImageType)
+		assert.Equal(t, "jpg", *updatedClient.DarkImageType)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Updates light logo type and deletes old file when type changes", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create the old PNG file in storage
+		oldPath := "oidc-client-images/" + client.ID + ".png"
+		createDummyFile(t, oldPath)
+		require.True(t, fileExists(t, oldPath), "Old file should exist before update")
+
+		// Client currently has a PNG logo, update to WEBP
+		err := s.updateClientLogoType(t.Context(), client.ID, "webp", true)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Verify the client was updated
+		var updatedClient model.OidcClient
+		err = db.First(&updatedClient, "id = ?", client.ID).Error
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, updatedClient.ImageType)
+		assert.Equal(t, "webp", *updatedClient.ImageType)
+
+		// Old PNG file should be deleted
+		assert.False(t, fileExists(t, oldPath), "Old PNG file should have been deleted")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Updates dark logo type and deletes old file when type changes", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create the old JPG dark file in storage
+		oldPath := "oidc-client-images/" + client.ID + "-dark.jpg"
+		createDummyFile(t, oldPath)
+		require.True(t, fileExists(t, oldPath), "Old dark file should exist before update")
+
+		// Client currently has a JPG dark logo, update to WEBP
+		err := s.updateClientLogoType(t.Context(), client.ID, "webp", false)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Verify the client was updated
+		var updatedClient model.OidcClient
+		err = db.First(&updatedClient, "id = ?", client.ID).Error
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, updatedClient.DarkImageType)
+		assert.Equal(t, "webp", *updatedClient.DarkImageType)
+
+		// Old JPG dark file should be deleted
+		assert.False(t, fileExists(t, oldPath), "Old JPG dark file should have been deleted")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Does not delete file when type remains the same", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create the WEBP file in storage
+		webpPath := "oidc-client-images/" + client.ID + ".webp"
+		createDummyFile(t, webpPath)
+		require.True(t, fileExists(t, webpPath), "WEBP file should exist before update")
+
+		// Update to the same type (WEBP)
+		err := s.updateClientLogoType(t.Context(), client.ID, "webp", true)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Verify the client still has WEBP
+		var updatedClient model.OidcClient
+		err = db.First(&updatedClient, "id = ?", client.ID).Error
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, updatedClient.ImageType)
+		assert.Equal(t, "webp", *updatedClient.ImageType)
+
+		// WEBP file should still exist since type didn't change
+		assert.True(t, fileExists(t, webpPath), "WEBP file should still exist")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Returns error for non-existent client", func(t *testing.T) {
+		err := s.updateClientLogoType(t.Context(), "non-existent-client-id", "png", true)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		require.ErrorContains(t, err, "failed to look up client")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestOidcService_downloadAndSaveLogoFromURL(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create a test database
+	db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+
+	// Create database storage
+	dbStorage, err := storage.NewDatabaseStorage(db)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Create a test client
+	client := model.OidcClient{
+		Name:         "Test Client",
+		CallbackURLs: model.UrlList{"https://example.com/callback"},
+	}
+	err = db.Create(&client).Error
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Helper function to check if a file exists in storage
+	fileExists := func(t *testing.T, path string) bool {
+		t.Helper()
+		_, _, err := dbStorage.Open(t.Context(), path)
+		return err == nil
+	}
+
+	// Helper function to get file content from storage
+	getFileContent := func(t *testing.T, path string) []byte {
+		t.Helper()
+		reader, _, err := dbStorage.Open(t.Context(), path)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		defer reader.Close()
+		content, err := io.ReadAll(reader)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		return content
+	}
+
+	t.Run("Successfully downloads and saves PNG logo from URL", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create mock PNG content
+		pngContent := []byte("fake-png-content")
+
+		// Create a mock HTTP response with headers
+		//nolint:bodyclose
+		pngResponse := testutils.NewMockResponse(http.StatusOK, string(pngContent))
+		pngResponse.Header.Set("Content-Type", "image/png")
+
+		// Create a mock HTTP client with responses
+		mockResponses := map[string]*http.Response{
+			//nolint:bodyclose
+			"https://example.com/logo.png": pngResponse,
+		}
+		httpClient := &http.Client{
+			Transport: &testutils.MockRoundTripper{
+				Responses: mockResponses,
+			},
+		}
+
+		// Init the OidcService with mock HTTP client
+		s := &OidcService{
+			db:          db,
+			fileStorage: dbStorage,
+			httpClient:  httpClient,
+		}
+
+		// Download and save the logo
+		err := s.downloadAndSaveLogoFromURL(t.Context(), client.ID, "https://example.com/logo.png", true)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Verify the file was saved
+		logoPath := "oidc-client-images/" + client.ID + ".png"
+		require.True(t, fileExists(t, logoPath), "Logo file should exist in storage")
+
+		// Verify the content
+		savedContent := getFileContent(t, logoPath)
+		assert.Equal(t, pngContent, savedContent)
+
+		// Verify the client was updated
+		var updatedClient model.OidcClient
+		err = db.First(&updatedClient, "id = ?", client.ID).Error
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, updatedClient.ImageType)
+		assert.Equal(t, "png", *updatedClient.ImageType)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Successfully downloads and saves dark logo", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create mock WEBP content
+		webpContent := []byte("fake-webp-content")
+
+		//nolint:bodyclose
+		webpResponse := testutils.NewMockResponse(http.StatusOK, string(webpContent))
+		webpResponse.Header.Set("Content-Type", "image/webp")
+
+		mockResponses := map[string]*http.Response{
+			//nolint:bodyclose
+			"https://example.com/dark-logo.webp": webpResponse,
+		}
+		httpClient := &http.Client{
+			Transport: &testutils.MockRoundTripper{
+				Responses: mockResponses,
+			},
+		}
+
+		s := &OidcService{
+			db:          db,
+			fileStorage: dbStorage,
+			httpClient:  httpClient,
+		}
+
+		// Download and save the dark logo
+		err := s.downloadAndSaveLogoFromURL(t.Context(), client.ID, "https://example.com/dark-logo.webp", false)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Verify the dark logo file was saved
+		darkLogoPath := "oidc-client-images/" + client.ID + "-dark.webp"
+		require.True(t, fileExists(t, darkLogoPath), "Dark logo file should exist in storage")
+
+		// Verify the content
+		savedContent := getFileContent(t, darkLogoPath)
+		assert.Equal(t, webpContent, savedContent)
+
+		// Verify the client was updated
+		var updatedClient model.OidcClient
+		err = db.First(&updatedClient, "id = ?", client.ID).Error
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, updatedClient.DarkImageType)
+		assert.Equal(t, "webp", *updatedClient.DarkImageType)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Detects extension from URL path", func(t *testing.T) {
+		svgContent := []byte("<svg></svg>")
+
+		mockResponses := map[string]*http.Response{
+			//nolint:bodyclose
+			"https://example.com/icon.svg": testutils.NewMockResponse(http.StatusOK, string(svgContent)),
+		}
+		httpClient := &http.Client{
+			Transport: &testutils.MockRoundTripper{
+				Responses: mockResponses,
+			},
+		}
+
+		s := &OidcService{
+			db:          db,
+			fileStorage: dbStorage,
+			httpClient:  httpClient,
+		}
+
+		err := s.downloadAndSaveLogoFromURL(t.Context(), client.ID, "https://example.com/icon.svg", true)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Verify SVG file was saved
+		logoPath := "oidc-client-images/" + client.ID + ".svg"
+		require.True(t, fileExists(t, logoPath), "SVG logo should exist")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Detects extension from Content-Type when path has no extension", func(t *testing.T) {
+		jpgContent := []byte("fake-jpg-content")
+
+		//nolint:bodyclose
+		jpgResponse := testutils.NewMockResponse(http.StatusOK, string(jpgContent))
+		jpgResponse.Header.Set("Content-Type", "image/jpeg")
+
+		mockResponses := map[string]*http.Response{
+			//nolint:bodyclose
+			"https://example.com/logo": jpgResponse,
+		}
+		httpClient := &http.Client{
+			Transport: &testutils.MockRoundTripper{
+				Responses: mockResponses,
+			},
+		}
+
+		s := &OidcService{
+			db:          db,
+			fileStorage: dbStorage,
+			httpClient:  httpClient,
+		}
+
+		err := s.downloadAndSaveLogoFromURL(t.Context(), client.ID, "https://example.com/logo", true)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Verify JPG file was saved (jpeg extension is normalized to jpg)
+		logoPath := "oidc-client-images/" + client.ID + ".jpg"
+		require.True(t, fileExists(t, logoPath), "JPG logo should exist")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Returns error for invalid URL", func(t *testing.T) {
+		s := &OidcService{
+			db:          db,
+			fileStorage: dbStorage,
+			httpClient:  &http.Client{},
+		}
+
+		err := s.downloadAndSaveLogoFromURL(t.Context(), client.ID, "://invalid-url", true)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Returns error for non-200 status code", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockResponses := map[string]*http.Response{
+			//nolint:bodyclose
+			"https://example.com/not-found.png": testutils.NewMockResponse(http.StatusNotFound, "Not Found"),
+		}
+		httpClient := &http.Client{
+			Transport: &testutils.MockRoundTripper{
+				Responses: mockResponses,
+			},
+		}
+
+		s := &OidcService{
+			db:          db,
+			fileStorage: dbStorage,
+			httpClient:  httpClient,
+		}
+
+		err := s.downloadAndSaveLogoFromURL(t.Context(), client.ID, "https://example.com/not-found.png", true)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		require.ErrorContains(t, err, "failed to fetch logo")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Returns error for too large content", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create content larger than 2MB (maxLogoSize)
+		largeContent := strings.Repeat("x", 2<<20+100) // 2.1MB
+
+		//nolint:bodyclose
+		largeResponse := testutils.NewMockResponse(http.StatusOK, largeContent)
+		largeResponse.Header.Set("Content-Type", "image/png")
+		largeResponse.Header.Set("Content-Length", strconv.Itoa(len(largeContent)))
+
+		mockResponses := map[string]*http.Response{
+			//nolint:bodyclose
+			"https://example.com/large.png": largeResponse,
+		}
+		httpClient := &http.Client{
+			Transport: &testutils.MockRoundTripper{
+				Responses: mockResponses,
+			},
+		}
+
+		s := &OidcService{
+			db:          db,
+			fileStorage: dbStorage,
+			httpClient:  httpClient,
+		}
+
+		err := s.downloadAndSaveLogoFromURL(t.Context(), client.ID, "https://example.com/large.png", true)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, errLogoTooLarge)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Returns error for unsupported file type", func(t *testing.T) {
+		//nolint:bodyclose
+		textResponse := testutils.NewMockResponse(http.StatusOK, "text content")
+		textResponse.Header.Set("Content-Type", "text/plain")
+
+		mockResponses := map[string]*http.Response{
+			//nolint:bodyclose
+			"https://example.com/file.txt": textResponse,
+		}
+		httpClient := &http.Client{
+			Transport: &testutils.MockRoundTripper{
+				Responses: mockResponses,
+			},
+		}
+
+		s := &OidcService{
+			db:          db,
+			fileStorage: dbStorage,
+			httpClient:  httpClient,
+		}
+
+		err := s.downloadAndSaveLogoFromURL(t.Context(), client.ID, "https://example.com/file.txt", true)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		var fileTypeErr *common.FileTypeNotSupportedError
+		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &fileTypeErr)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Returns error for non-existent client", func(t *testing.T) {
+		//nolint:bodyclose
+		pngResponse := testutils.NewMockResponse(http.StatusOK, "content")
+		pngResponse.Header.Set("Content-Type", "image/png")
+
+		mockResponses := map[string]*http.Response{
+			//nolint:bodyclose
+			"https://example.com/logo.png": pngResponse,
+		}
+		httpClient := &http.Client{
+			Transport: &testutils.MockRoundTripper{
+				Responses: mockResponses,
+			},
+		}
+
+		s := &OidcService{
+			db:          db,
+			fileStorage: dbStorage,
+			httpClient:  httpClient,
+		}
+
+		err := s.downloadAndSaveLogoFromURL(t.Context(), "non-existent-client-id", "https://example.com/logo.png", true)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		require.ErrorContains(t, err, "failed to look up client")
+	})
 }

backend/internal/service/user_group_service.go

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ func NewUserGroupService(db *gorm.DB, appConfigService *AppConfigService) *UserG
 	return &UserGroupService{db: db, appConfigService: appConfigService}
 }
 
-func (s *UserGroupService) List(ctx context.Context, name string, sortedPaginationRequest utils.SortedPaginationRequest) (groups []model.UserGroup, response utils.PaginationResponse, err error) {
+func (s *UserGroupService) List(ctx context.Context, name string, listRequestOptions utils.ListRequestOptions) (groups []model.UserGroup, response utils.PaginationResponse, err error) {
 	query := s.db.
 		WithContext(ctx).
 		Preload("CustomClaims").
@@ -32,18 +32,14 @@ func (s *UserGroupService) List(ctx context.Context, name string, sortedPaginati
 	}
 
 	// As userCount is not a column we need to manually sort it
-	isValidSortDirection := sortedPaginationRequest.Sort.Direction == "asc" || sortedPaginationRequest.Sort.Direction == "desc"
-	if sortedPaginationRequest.Sort.Column == "userCount" && isValidSortDirection {
+	if listRequestOptions.Sort.Column == "userCount" && utils.IsValidSortDirection(listRequestOptions.Sort.Direction) {
 		query = query.Select("user_groups.*, COUNT(user_groups_users.user_id)").
 			Joins("LEFT JOIN user_groups_users ON user_groups.id = user_groups_users.user_group_id").
 			Group("user_groups.id").
-			Order("COUNT(user_groups_users.user_id) " + sortedPaginationRequest.Sort.Direction)
-
-		response, err := utils.Paginate(sortedPaginationRequest.Pagination.Page, sortedPaginationRequest.Pagination.Limit, query, &groups)
-		return groups, response, err
+			Order("COUNT(user_groups_users.user_id) " + listRequestOptions.Sort.Direction)
 	}
 
-	response, err = utils.PaginateAndSort(sortedPaginationRequest, query, &groups)
+	response, err = utils.PaginateFilterAndSort(listRequestOptions, query, &groups)
 	return groups, response, err
 }
 

backend/internal/service/user_service.go

@@ -3,40 +3,57 @@ package service
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"log"
+	"io/fs"
+	"log/slog"
 	"net/url"
-	"os"
+	"path"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/dto"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
 	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/storage"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/email"
 	profilepicture "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/image"
 )
 
 type UserService struct {
-	db               *gorm.DB
-	jwtService       *JwtService
-	auditLogService  *AuditLogService
-	emailService     *EmailService
-	appConfigService *AppConfigService
+	db                 *gorm.DB
+	jwtService         *JwtService
+	auditLogService    *AuditLogService
+	emailService       *EmailService
+	appConfigService   *AppConfigService
+	customClaimService *CustomClaimService
+	appImagesService   *AppImagesService
+	fileStorage        storage.FileStorage
 }
 
-func NewUserService(db *gorm.DB, jwtService *JwtService, auditLogService *AuditLogService, emailService *EmailService, appConfigService *AppConfigService) *UserService {
-	return &UserService{db: db, jwtService: jwtService, auditLogService: auditLogService, emailService: emailService, appConfigService: appConfigService}
+func NewUserService(db *gorm.DB, jwtService *JwtService, auditLogService *AuditLogService, emailService *EmailService, appConfigService *AppConfigService, customClaimService *CustomClaimService, appImagesService *AppImagesService, fileStorage storage.FileStorage) *UserService {
+	return &UserService{
+		db:                 db,
+		jwtService:         jwtService,
+		auditLogService:    auditLogService,
+		emailService:       emailService,
+		appConfigService:   appConfigService,
+		customClaimService: customClaimService,
+		appImagesService:   appImagesService,
+		fileStorage:        fileStorage,
+	}
 }
 
-func (s *UserService) ListUsers(ctx context.Context, searchTerm string, sortedPaginationRequest utils.SortedPaginationRequest) ([]model.User, utils.PaginationResponse, error) {
+func (s *UserService) ListUsers(ctx context.Context, searchTerm string, listRequestOptions utils.ListRequestOptions) ([]model.User, utils.PaginationResponse, error) {
 	var users []model.User
 	query := s.db.WithContext(ctx).
 		Model(&model.User{}).
@@ -45,11 +62,12 @@ func (s *UserService) ListUsers(ctx context.Context, searchTerm string, sortedPa
 
 	if searchTerm != "" {
 		searchPattern := "%" + searchTerm + "%"
-		query = query.Where("email LIKE ? OR first_name LIKE ? OR last_name LIKE ? OR username LIKE ?",
+		query = query.Where(
+			"email LIKE ? OR first_name LIKE ? OR last_name LIKE ? OR username LIKE ?",
 			searchPattern, searchPattern, searchPattern, searchPattern)
 	}
 
-	pagination, err := utils.PaginateAndSort(sortedPaginationRequest, query, &users)
+	pagination, err := utils.PaginateFilterAndSort(listRequestOptions, query, &users)
 
 	return users, pagination, err
 }
@@ -76,39 +94,42 @@ func (s *UserService) GetProfilePicture(ctx context.Context, userID string) (io.
 		return nil, 0, &common.InvalidUUIDError{}
 	}
 
-	// First check for a custom uploaded profile picture (userID.png)
-	profilePicturePath := common.EnvConfig.UploadPath + "/profile-pictures/" + userID + ".png"
-	file, err := os.Open(profilePicturePath)
-	if err == nil {
-		// Get the file size
-		fileInfo, err := file.Stat()
-		if err != nil {
-			file.Close()
-			return nil, 0, err
-		}
-		return file, fileInfo.Size(), nil
-	}
-
-	// If no custom picture exists, get the user's data for creating initials
 	user, err := s.GetUser(ctx, userID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
 
-	// Check if we have a cached default picture for these initials
-	defaultProfilePicturesDir := common.EnvConfig.UploadPath + "/profile-pictures/defaults/"
-	defaultPicturePath := defaultProfilePicturesDir + user.Initials() + ".png"
-	file, err = os.Open(defaultPicturePath)
+	profilePicturePath := path.Join("profile-pictures", userID+".png")
+
+	// Try custom profile picture
+	file, size, err := s.fileStorage.Open(ctx, profilePicturePath)
 	if err == nil {
-		fileInfo, err := file.Stat()
-		if err != nil {
-			file.Close()
-			return nil, 0, err
-		}
-		return file, fileInfo.Size(), nil
+		return file, size, nil
+	} else if !errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
+		return nil, 0, err
 	}
 
-	// If no cached default picture exists, create one and save it for future use
+	// Try default global profile picture
+	if s.appImagesService.IsDefaultProfilePictureSet() {
+		reader, size, _, err := s.appImagesService.GetImage(ctx, "default-profile-picture")
+		if err == nil {
+			return reader, size, nil
+		}
+		if !errors.Is(err, &common.ImageNotFoundError{}) {
+			return nil, 0, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Try cached default for initials
+	defaultPicturePath := path.Join("profile-pictures", "defaults", user.Initials()+".png")
+	file, size, err = s.fileStorage.Open(ctx, defaultPicturePath)
+	if err == nil {
+		return file, size, nil
+	} else if !errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+
+	// Create and return generated default with initials
 	defaultPicture, err := profilepicture.CreateDefaultProfilePicture(user.Initials())
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, 0, err
@@ -116,19 +137,16 @@ func (s *UserService) GetProfilePicture(ctx context.Context, userID string) (io.
 
 	// Save the default picture for future use (in a goroutine to avoid blocking)
 	defaultPictureBytes := defaultPicture.Bytes()
+	//nolint:contextcheck
 	go func() {
-		// Ensure the directory exists
-		err = os.MkdirAll(defaultProfilePicturesDir, os.ModePerm)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Failed to create directory for default profile picture: %v", err)
-			return
-		}
-		if err := utils.SaveFileStream(bytes.NewReader(defaultPictureBytes), defaultPicturePath); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Failed to cache default profile picture for initials %s: %v", user.Initials(), err)
+		// Use bytes.NewReader because we need an io.ReadSeeker
+		rErr := s.fileStorage.Save(context.Background(), defaultPicturePath, bytes.NewReader(defaultPictureBytes))
+		if rErr != nil {
+			slog.Error("Failed to cache default profile picture", slog.String("initials", user.Initials()), slog.Any("error", rErr))
 		}
 	}()
 
-	return io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(defaultPictureBytes)), int64(defaultPicture.Len()), nil
+	return io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(defaultPictureBytes)), int64(len(defaultPictureBytes)), nil
 }
 
 func (s *UserService) GetUserGroups(ctx context.Context, userID string) ([]model.UserGroup, error) {
@@ -145,7 +163,7 @@ func (s *UserService) GetUserGroups(ctx context.Context, userID string) ([]model
 	return user.UserGroups, nil
 }
 
-func (s *UserService) UpdateProfilePicture(userID string, file io.Reader) error {
+func (s *UserService) UpdateProfilePicture(ctx context.Context, userID string, file io.ReadSeeker) error {
 	// Validate the user ID to prevent directory traversal
 	err := uuid.Validate(userID)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -158,15 +176,8 @@ func (s *UserService) UpdateProfilePicture(userID string, file io.Reader) error
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// Ensure the directory exists
-	profilePictureDir := common.EnvConfig.UploadPath + "/profile-pictures"
-	err = os.MkdirAll(profilePictureDir, os.ModePerm)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// Create the profile picture file
-	err = utils.SaveFileStream(profilePicture, profilePictureDir+"/"+userID+".png")
+	profilePicturePath := path.Join("profile-pictures", userID+".png")
+	err = s.fileStorage.Save(ctx, profilePicturePath, profilePicture)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -175,17 +186,30 @@ func (s *UserService) UpdateProfilePicture(userID string, file io.Reader) error
 }
 
 func (s *UserService) DeleteUser(ctx context.Context, userID string, allowLdapDelete bool) error {
-	return s.db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
-		return s.deleteUserInternal(ctx, userID, allowLdapDelete, tx)
+	err := s.db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		return s.deleteUserInternal(ctx, tx, userID, allowLdapDelete)
 	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete user '%s': %w", userID, err)
+	}
+
+	// Storage operations must be executed outside of a transaction
+	profilePicturePath := path.Join("profile-pictures", userID+".png")
+	err = s.fileStorage.Delete(ctx, profilePicturePath)
+	if err != nil && !storage.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete profile picture for user '%s': %w", userID, err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }
 
-func (s *UserService) deleteUserInternal(ctx context.Context, userID string, allowLdapDelete bool, tx *gorm.DB) error {
+func (s *UserService) deleteUserInternal(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, userID string, allowLdapDelete bool) error {
 	var user model.User
 
 	err := tx.
 		WithContext(ctx).
 		Where("id = ?", userID).
+		Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: "UPDATE"}).
 		First(&user).
 		Error
 	if err != nil {
@@ -197,13 +221,6 @@ func (s *UserService) deleteUserInternal(ctx context.Context, userID string, all
 		return &common.LdapUserUpdateError{}
 	}
 
-	// Delete the profile picture
-	profilePicturePath := common.EnvConfig.UploadPath + "/profile-pictures/" + userID + ".png"
-	err = os.Remove(profilePicturePath)
-	if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		return err
-	}
-
 	err = tx.WithContext(ctx).Delete(&user).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete user: %w", err)
@@ -232,13 +249,19 @@ func (s *UserService) CreateUser(ctx context.Context, input dto.UserCreateDto) (
 }
 
 func (s *UserService) createUserInternal(ctx context.Context, input dto.UserCreateDto, isLdapSync bool, tx *gorm.DB) (model.User, error) {
+	if s.appConfigService.GetDbConfig().RequireUserEmail.IsTrue() && input.Email == nil {
+		return model.User{}, &common.UserEmailNotSetError{}
+	}
+
 	user := model.User{
-		FirstName: input.FirstName,
-		LastName:  input.LastName,
-		Email:     input.Email,
-		Username:  input.Username,
-		IsAdmin:   input.IsAdmin,
-		Locale:    input.Locale,
+		FirstName:   input.FirstName,
+		LastName:    input.LastName,
+		DisplayName: input.DisplayName,
+		Email:       input.Email,
+		Username:    input.Username,
+		IsAdmin:     input.IsAdmin,
+		Locale:      input.Locale,
+		Disabled:    input.Disabled,
 	}
 	if input.LdapID != "" {
 		user.LdapID = &input.LdapID
@@ -259,9 +282,67 @@ func (s *UserService) createUserInternal(ctx context.Context, input dto.UserCrea
 	} else if err != nil {
 		return model.User{}, err
 	}
+
+	// Apply default groups and claims for new non-LDAP users
+	if !isLdapSync {
+		if err := s.applySignupDefaults(ctx, &user, tx); err != nil {
+			return model.User{}, err
+		}
+	}
+
 	return user, nil
 }
 
+func (s *UserService) applySignupDefaults(ctx context.Context, user *model.User, tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	config := s.appConfigService.GetDbConfig()
+
+	// Apply default user groups
+	var groupIDs []string
+	v := config.SignupDefaultUserGroupIDs.Value
+	if v != "" && v != "[]" {
+		err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(v), &groupIDs)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid SignupDefaultUserGroupIDs JSON: %w", err)
+		}
+		if len(groupIDs) > 0 {
+			var groups []model.UserGroup
+			err = tx.WithContext(ctx).
+				Where("id IN ?", groupIDs).
+				Find(&groups).
+				Error
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to find default user groups: %w", err)
+			}
+
+			err = tx.WithContext(ctx).
+				Model(user).
+				Association("UserGroups").
+				Replace(groups)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to associate default user groups: %w", err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Apply default custom claims
+	var claims []dto.CustomClaimCreateDto
+	v = config.SignupDefaultCustomClaims.Value
+	if v != "" && v != "[]" {
+		err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(v), &claims)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid SignupDefaultCustomClaims JSON: %w", err)
+		}
+		if len(claims) > 0 {
+			_, err = s.customClaimService.updateCustomClaimsInternal(ctx, UserID, user.ID, claims, tx)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to apply default custom claims: %w", err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (s *UserService) UpdateUser(ctx context.Context, userID string, updatedUser dto.UserCreateDto, updateOwnUser bool, isLdapSync bool) (model.User, error) {
 	tx := s.db.Begin()
 	defer func() {
@@ -282,10 +363,15 @@ func (s *UserService) UpdateUser(ctx context.Context, userID string, updatedUser
 }
 
 func (s *UserService) updateUserInternal(ctx context.Context, userID string, updatedUser dto.UserCreateDto, updateOwnUser bool, isLdapSync bool, tx *gorm.DB) (model.User, error) {
+	if s.appConfigService.GetDbConfig().RequireUserEmail.IsTrue() && updatedUser.Email == nil {
+		return model.User{}, &common.UserEmailNotSetError{}
+	}
+
 	var user model.User
 	err := tx.
 		WithContext(ctx).
 		Where("id = ?", userID).
+		Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: "UPDATE"}).
 		First(&user).
 		Error
 	if err != nil {
@@ -306,6 +392,7 @@ func (s *UserService) updateUserInternal(ctx context.Context, userID string, upd
 		// Full update: Allow updating all personal fields
 		user.FirstName = updatedUser.FirstName
 		user.LastName = updatedUser.LastName
+		user.DisplayName = updatedUser.DisplayName
 		user.Email = updatedUser.Email
 		user.Username = updatedUser.Username
 		user.Locale = updatedUser.Locale
@@ -339,13 +426,13 @@ func (s *UserService) updateUserInternal(ctx context.Context, userID string, upd
 	return user, nil
 }
 
-func (s *UserService) RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsAdmin(ctx context.Context, userID string, expiration time.Time) error {
+func (s *UserService) RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsAdmin(ctx context.Context, userID string, ttl time.Duration) error {
 	isDisabled := !s.appConfigService.GetDbConfig().EmailOneTimeAccessAsAdminEnabled.IsTrue()
 	if isDisabled {
 		return &common.OneTimeAccessDisabledError{}
 	}
 
-	return s.requestOneTimeAccessEmailInternal(ctx, userID, "", expiration)
+	return s.requestOneTimeAccessEmailInternal(ctx, userID, "", ttl)
 }
 
 func (s *UserService) RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsUnauthenticatedUser(ctx context.Context, userID, redirectPath string) error {
@@ -356,20 +443,17 @@ func (s *UserService) RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsUnauthenticatedUser(ctx context
 
 	var userId string
 	err := s.db.Model(&model.User{}).Select("id").Where("email = ?", userID).First(&userId).Error
-	if err != nil {
+	if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 		// Do not return error if user not found to prevent email enumeration
-		if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
-			return nil
-		} else {
-			return err
-		}
+		return nil
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
-	expiration := time.Now().Add(15 * time.Minute)
-	return s.requestOneTimeAccessEmailInternal(ctx, userId, redirectPath, expiration)
+	return s.requestOneTimeAccessEmailInternal(ctx, userId, redirectPath, 15*time.Minute)
 }
 
-func (s *UserService) requestOneTimeAccessEmailInternal(ctx context.Context, userID, redirectPath string, expiration time.Time) error {
+func (s *UserService) requestOneTimeAccessEmailInternal(ctx context.Context, userID, redirectPath string, ttl time.Duration) error {
 	tx := s.db.Begin()
 	defer func() {
 		tx.Rollback()
@@ -380,7 +464,11 @@ func (s *UserService) requestOneTimeAccessEmailInternal(ctx context.Context, use
 		return err
 	}
 
-	oneTimeAccessToken, err := s.createOneTimeAccessTokenInternal(ctx, user.ID, expiration, tx)
+	if user.Email == nil {
+		return &common.UserEmailNotSetError{}
+	}
+
+	oneTimeAccessToken, err := s.createOneTimeAccessTokenInternal(ctx, user.ID, ttl, tx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -393,7 +481,8 @@ func (s *UserService) requestOneTimeAccessEmailInternal(ctx context.Context, use
 	// We use a background context here as this is running in a goroutine
 	//nolint:contextcheck
 	go func() {
-		innerCtx := context.Background()
+		span := trace.SpanFromContext(ctx)
+		innerCtx := trace.ContextWithSpan(context.Background(), span)
 
 		link := common.EnvConfig.AppURL + "/lc"
 		linkWithCode := link + "/" + oneTimeAccessToken
@@ -406,32 +495,34 @@ func (s *UserService) requestOneTimeAccessEmailInternal(ctx context.Context, use
 
 		errInternal := SendEmail(innerCtx, s.emailService, email.Address{
 			Name:  user.FullName(),
-			Email: user.Email,
+			Email: *user.Email,
 		}, OneTimeAccessTemplate, &OneTimeAccessTemplateData{
 			Code:              oneTimeAccessToken,
 			LoginLink:         link,
 			LoginLinkWithCode: linkWithCode,
-			ExpirationString:  utils.DurationToString(time.Until(expiration).Round(time.Second)),
+			ExpirationString:  utils.DurationToString(ttl),
 		})
 		if errInternal != nil {
-			log.Printf("Failed to send email to '%s': %v\n", user.Email, errInternal)
+			slog.ErrorContext(innerCtx, "Failed to send one-time access token email", slog.Any("error", errInternal), slog.String("address", *user.Email))
+			return
 		}
 	}()
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (s *UserService) CreateOneTimeAccessToken(ctx context.Context, userID string, expiresAt time.Time) (string, error) {
-	return s.createOneTimeAccessTokenInternal(ctx, userID, expiresAt, s.db)
+func (s *UserService) CreateOneTimeAccessToken(ctx context.Context, userID string, ttl time.Duration) (string, error) {
+	return s.createOneTimeAccessTokenInternal(ctx, userID, ttl, s.db)
 }
 
-func (s *UserService) createOneTimeAccessTokenInternal(ctx context.Context, userID string, expiresAt time.Time, tx *gorm.DB) (string, error) {
-	oneTimeAccessToken, err := NewOneTimeAccessToken(userID, expiresAt)
+func (s *UserService) createOneTimeAccessTokenInternal(ctx context.Context, userID string, ttl time.Duration, tx *gorm.DB) (string, error) {
+	oneTimeAccessToken, err := NewOneTimeAccessToken(userID, ttl)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
 
-	if err := tx.WithContext(ctx).Create(oneTimeAccessToken).Error; err != nil {
+	err = tx.WithContext(ctx).Create(oneTimeAccessToken).Error
+	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
 
@@ -447,7 +538,9 @@ func (s *UserService) ExchangeOneTimeAccessToken(ctx context.Context, token stri
 	var oneTimeAccessToken model.OneTimeAccessToken
 	err := tx.
 		WithContext(ctx).
-		Where("token = ? AND expires_at > ?", token, datatype.DateTime(time.Now())).Preload("User").
+		Where("token = ? AND expires_at > ?", token, datatype.DateTime(time.Now())).
+		Preload("User").
+		Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: "UPDATE"}).
 		First(&oneTimeAccessToken).
 		Error
 	if err != nil {
@@ -469,9 +562,7 @@ func (s *UserService) ExchangeOneTimeAccessToken(ctx context.Context, token stri
 		return model.User{}, "", err
 	}
 
-	if ipAddress != "" && userAgent != "" {
-		s.auditLogService.Create(ctx, model.AuditLogEventOneTimeAccessTokenSignIn, ipAddress, userAgent, oneTimeAccessToken.User.ID, model.AuditLogData{}, tx)
-	}
+	s.auditLogService.Create(ctx, model.AuditLogEventOneTimeAccessTokenSignIn, ipAddress, userAgent, oneTimeAccessToken.User.ID, model.AuditLogData{}, tx)
 
 	err = tx.Commit().Error
 	if err != nil {
@@ -495,7 +586,7 @@ func (s *UserService) UpdateUserGroups(ctx context.Context, id string, userGroup
 	// Fetch the groups based on userGroupIds
 	var groups []model.UserGroup
 	if len(userGroupIds) > 0 {
-		err = tx.
+		err := tx.
 			WithContext(ctx).
 			Where("id IN (?)", userGroupIds).
 			Find(&groups).
@@ -544,11 +635,12 @@ func (s *UserService) SignUpInitialAdmin(ctx context.Context, signUpData dto.Sig
 	}
 
 	userToCreate := dto.UserCreateDto{
-		FirstName: signUpData.FirstName,
-		LastName:  signUpData.LastName,
-		Username:  signUpData.Username,
-		Email:     signUpData.Email,
-		IsAdmin:   true,
+		FirstName:   signUpData.FirstName,
+		LastName:    signUpData.LastName,
+		DisplayName: strings.TrimSpace(signUpData.FirstName + " " + signUpData.LastName),
+		Username:    signUpData.Username,
+		Email:       signUpData.Email,
+		IsAdmin:     true,
 	}
 
 	user, err := s.createUserInternal(ctx, userToCreate, false, tx)
@@ -601,30 +693,20 @@ func (s *UserService) checkDuplicatedFields(ctx context.Context, user model.User
 }
 
 // ResetProfilePicture deletes a user's custom profile picture
-func (s *UserService) ResetProfilePicture(userID string) error {
+func (s *UserService) ResetProfilePicture(ctx context.Context, userID string) error {
 	// Validate the user ID to prevent directory traversal
 	if err := uuid.Validate(userID); err != nil {
 		return &common.InvalidUUIDError{}
 	}
 
-	// Build path to profile picture
-	profilePicturePath := common.EnvConfig.UploadPath + "/profile-pictures/" + userID + ".png"
-
-	// Check if file exists and delete it
-	if _, err := os.Stat(profilePicturePath); err == nil {
-		if err := os.Remove(profilePicturePath); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete profile picture: %w", err)
-		}
-	} else if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		// If any error other than "file not exists"
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to check if profile picture exists: %w", err)
+	profilePicturePath := path.Join("profile-pictures", userID+".png")
+	if err := s.fileStorage.Delete(ctx, profilePicturePath); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete profile picture: %w", err)
 	}
-	// It's okay if the file doesn't exist - just means there's no custom picture to delete
-
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (s *UserService) disableUserInternal(ctx context.Context, userID string, tx *gorm.DB) error {
+func (s *UserService) disableUserInternal(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, userID string) error {
 	return tx.
 		WithContext(ctx).
 		Model(&model.User{}).
@@ -633,17 +715,14 @@ func (s *UserService) disableUserInternal(ctx context.Context, userID string, tx
 		Error
 }
 
-func (s *UserService) CreateSignupToken(ctx context.Context, expiresAt time.Time, usageLimit int) (model.SignupToken, error) {
-	return s.createSignupTokenInternal(ctx, expiresAt, usageLimit, s.db)
-}
-
-func (s *UserService) createSignupTokenInternal(ctx context.Context, expiresAt time.Time, usageLimit int, tx *gorm.DB) (model.SignupToken, error) {
-	signupToken, err := NewSignupToken(expiresAt, usageLimit)
+func (s *UserService) CreateSignupToken(ctx context.Context, ttl time.Duration, usageLimit int) (model.SignupToken, error) {
+	signupToken, err := NewSignupToken(ttl, usageLimit)
 	if err != nil {
 		return model.SignupToken{}, err
 	}
 
-	if err := tx.WithContext(ctx).Create(signupToken).Error; err != nil {
+	err = s.db.WithContext(ctx).Create(signupToken).Error
+	if err != nil {
 		return model.SignupToken{}, err
 	}
 
@@ -668,6 +747,7 @@ func (s *UserService) SignUp(ctx context.Context, signupData dto.SignUpDto, ipAd
 		err := tx.
 			WithContext(ctx).
 			Where("token = ?", signupData.Token).
+			Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: "UPDATE"}).
 			First(&signupToken).
 			Error
 		if err != nil {
@@ -683,10 +763,11 @@ func (s *UserService) SignUp(ctx context.Context, signupData dto.SignUpDto, ipAd
 	}
 
 	userToCreate := dto.UserCreateDto{
-		Username:  signupData.Username,
-		Email:     signupData.Email,
-		FirstName: signupData.FirstName,
-		LastName:  signupData.LastName,
+		Username:    signupData.Username,
+		Email:       signupData.Email,
+		FirstName:   signupData.FirstName,
+		LastName:    signupData.LastName,
+		DisplayName: strings.TrimSpace(signupData.FirstName + " " + signupData.LastName),
 	}
 
 	user, err := s.createUserInternal(ctx, userToCreate, false, tx)
@@ -725,11 +806,11 @@ func (s *UserService) SignUp(ctx context.Context, signupData dto.SignUpDto, ipAd
 	return user, accessToken, nil
 }
 
-func (s *UserService) ListSignupTokens(ctx context.Context, sortedPaginationRequest utils.SortedPaginationRequest) ([]model.SignupToken, utils.PaginationResponse, error) {
+func (s *UserService) ListSignupTokens(ctx context.Context, listRequestOptions utils.ListRequestOptions) ([]model.SignupToken, utils.PaginationResponse, error) {
 	var tokens []model.SignupToken
 	query := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&model.SignupToken{})
 
-	pagination, err := utils.PaginateAndSort(sortedPaginationRequest, query, &tokens)
+	pagination, err := utils.PaginateFilterAndSort(listRequestOptions, query, &tokens)
 	return tokens, pagination, err
 }
 
@@ -737,10 +818,10 @@ func (s *UserService) DeleteSignupToken(ctx context.Context, tokenID string) err
 	return s.db.WithContext(ctx).Delete(&model.SignupToken{}, "id = ?", tokenID).Error
 }
 
-func NewOneTimeAccessToken(userID string, expiresAt time.Time) (*model.OneTimeAccessToken, error) {
+func NewOneTimeAccessToken(userID string, ttl time.Duration) (*model.OneTimeAccessToken, error) {
 	// If expires at is less than 15 minutes, use a 6-character token instead of 16
 	tokenLength := 16
-	if time.Until(expiresAt) <= 15*time.Minute {
+	if ttl <= 15*time.Minute {
 		tokenLength = 6
 	}
 
@@ -749,25 +830,27 @@ func NewOneTimeAccessToken(userID string, expiresAt time.Time) (*model.OneTimeAc
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	now := time.Now().Round(time.Second)
 	o := &model.OneTimeAccessToken{
 		UserID:    userID,
-		ExpiresAt: datatype.DateTime(expiresAt),
+		ExpiresAt: datatype.DateTime(now.Add(ttl)),
 		Token:     randomString,
 	}
 
 	return o, nil
 }
 
-func NewSignupToken(expiresAt time.Time, usageLimit int) (*model.SignupToken, error) {
+func NewSignupToken(ttl time.Duration, usageLimit int) (*model.SignupToken, error) {
 	// Generate a random token
 	randomString, err := utils.GenerateRandomAlphanumericString(16)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	now := time.Now().Round(time.Second)
 	token := &model.SignupToken{
 		Token:      randomString,
-		ExpiresAt:  datatype.DateTime(expiresAt),
+		ExpiresAt:  datatype.DateTime(now.Add(ttl)),
 		UsageLimit: usageLimit,
 		UsageCount: 0,
 	}

backend/internal/service/version_service.go

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+)
+
+const (
+	versionTTL      = 15 * time.Minute
+	versionCheckURL = "https://api.github.com/repos/pocket-id/pocket-id/releases/latest"
+)
+
+type VersionService struct {
+	httpClient *http.Client
+	cache      *utils.Cache[string]
+}
+
+func NewVersionService(httpClient *http.Client) *VersionService {
+	return &VersionService{
+		httpClient: httpClient,
+		cache:      utils.New[string](versionTTL),
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *VersionService) GetLatestVersion(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {
+	version, err := s.cache.GetOrFetch(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {
+		reqCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second)
+		defer cancel()
+
+		req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(reqCtx, http.MethodGet, versionCheckURL, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("create GitHub request: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		resp, err := s.httpClient.Do(req)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("get latest tag: %w", err)
+		}
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+		if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("GitHub API returned status %d", resp.StatusCode)
+		}
+
+		var payload struct {
+			TagName string `json:"tag_name"`
+		}
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&payload); err != nil {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("decode payload: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		if payload.TagName == "" {
+			return "", errors.New("GitHub API returned empty tag name")
+		}
+
+		return strings.TrimPrefix(payload.TagName, "v"), nil
+	})
+
+	var staleErr *utils.ErrStale
+	if errors.As(err, &staleErr) {
+		slog.Warn("Failed to fetch latest version, returning stale cache", "error", staleErr.Err)
+		return version, nil
+	}
+
+	return version, err
+}

backend/internal/service/webauthn_service.go

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package service
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"time"
@@ -9,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn/protocol"
 	"github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn/webauthn"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
@@ -24,8 +27,8 @@ type WebAuthnService struct {
 	appConfigService *AppConfigService
 }
 
-func NewWebAuthnService(db *gorm.DB, jwtService *JwtService, auditLogService *AuditLogService, appConfigService *AppConfigService) *WebAuthnService {
-	webauthnConfig := &webauthn.Config{
+func NewWebAuthnService(db *gorm.DB, jwtService *JwtService, auditLogService *AuditLogService, appConfigService *AppConfigService) (*WebAuthnService, error) {
+	wa, err := webauthn.New(&webauthn.Config{
 		RPDisplayName: appConfigService.GetDbConfig().AppName.Value,
 		RPID:          utils.GetHostnameFromURL(common.EnvConfig.AppURL),
 		RPOrigins:     []string{common.EnvConfig.AppURL},
@@ -44,15 +47,18 @@ func NewWebAuthnService(db *gorm.DB, jwtService *JwtService, auditLogService *Au
 				TimeoutUVD: time.Second * 60,
 			},
 		},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to init webauthn object: %w", err)
 	}
-	wa, _ := webauthn.New(webauthnConfig)
+
 	return &WebAuthnService{
 		db:               db,
 		webAuthn:         wa,
 		jwtService:       jwtService,
 		auditLogService:  auditLogService,
 		appConfigService: appConfigService,
-	}
+	}, nil
 }
 
 func (s *WebAuthnService) BeginRegistration(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*model.PublicKeyCredentialCreationOptions, error) {
@@ -70,22 +76,23 @@ func (s *WebAuthnService) BeginRegistration(ctx context.Context, userID string)
 		Find(&user, "id = ?", userID).
 		Error
 	if err != nil {
-		tx.Rollback()
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load user: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	options, session, err := s.webAuthn.BeginRegistration(
 		&user,
 		webauthn.WithResidentKeyRequirement(protocol.ResidentKeyRequirementRequired),
 		webauthn.WithExclusions(user.WebAuthnCredentialDescriptors()),
+		webauthn.WithExtensions(map[string]any{"credProps": true}), // Required for Firefox Android to properly save the key in Google password manager
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to begin WebAuthn registration: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	sessionToStore := &model.WebauthnSession{
 		ExpiresAt:        datatype.DateTime(session.Expires),
 		Challenge:        session.Challenge,
+		CredentialParams: session.CredParams,
 		UserVerification: string(session.UserVerification),
 	}
 
@@ -94,12 +101,12 @@ func (s *WebAuthnService) BeginRegistration(ctx context.Context, userID string)
 		Create(&sessionToStore).
 		Error
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to save WebAuthn session: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	err = tx.Commit().Error
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to commit transaction: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return &model.PublicKeyCredentialCreationOptions{
@@ -109,25 +116,28 @@ func (s *WebAuthnService) BeginRegistration(ctx context.Context, userID string)
 	}, nil
 }
 
-func (s *WebAuthnService) VerifyRegistration(ctx context.Context, sessionID, userID string, r *http.Request) (model.WebauthnCredential, error) {
+func (s *WebAuthnService) VerifyRegistration(ctx context.Context, sessionID string, userID string, r *http.Request, ipAddress string) (model.WebauthnCredential, error) {
 	tx := s.db.Begin()
 	defer func() {
 		tx.Rollback()
 	}()
 
+	// Load & delete the session row
 	var storedSession model.WebauthnSession
 	err := tx.
 		WithContext(ctx).
-		First(&storedSession, "id = ?", sessionID).
+		Clauses(clause.Returning{}).
+		Delete(&storedSession, "id = ?", sessionID).
 		Error
 	if err != nil {
-		return model.WebauthnCredential{}, err
+		return model.WebauthnCredential{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to load WebAuthn session: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	session := webauthn.SessionData{
-		Challenge: storedSession.Challenge,
-		Expires:   storedSession.ExpiresAt.ToTime(),
-		UserID:    []byte(userID),
+		Challenge:  storedSession.Challenge,
+		Expires:    storedSession.ExpiresAt.ToTime(),
+		CredParams: storedSession.CredentialParams,
+		UserID:     []byte(userID),
 	}
 
 	var user model.User
@@ -136,12 +146,12 @@ func (s *WebAuthnService) VerifyRegistration(ctx context.Context, sessionID, use
 		Find(&user, "id = ?", userID).
 		Error
 	if err != nil {
-		return model.WebauthnCredential{}, err
+		return model.WebauthnCredential{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to load user: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	credential, err := s.webAuthn.FinishRegistration(&user, session, r)
 	if err != nil {
-		return model.WebauthnCredential{}, err
+		return model.WebauthnCredential{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to finish WebAuthn registration: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Determine passkey name using AAGUID and User-Agent
@@ -162,12 +172,15 @@ func (s *WebAuthnService) VerifyRegistration(ctx context.Context, sessionID, use
 		Create(&credentialToStore).
 		Error
 	if err != nil {
-		return model.WebauthnCredential{}, err
+		return model.WebauthnCredential{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to store WebAuthn credential: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	auditLogData := model.AuditLogData{"credentialID": hex.EncodeToString(credential.ID), "passkeyName": passkeyName}
+	s.auditLogService.Create(ctx, model.AuditLogEventPasskeyAdded, ipAddress, r.UserAgent(), userID, auditLogData, tx)
+
 	err = tx.Commit().Error
 	if err != nil {
-		return model.WebauthnCredential{}, err
+		return model.WebauthnCredential{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to commit transaction: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return credentialToStore, nil
@@ -216,13 +229,15 @@ func (s *WebAuthnService) VerifyLogin(ctx context.Context, sessionID string, cre
 		tx.Rollback()
 	}()
 
+	// Load & delete the session row
 	var storedSession model.WebauthnSession
 	err := tx.
 		WithContext(ctx).
-		First(&storedSession, "id = ?", sessionID).
+		Clauses(clause.Returning{}).
+		Delete(&storedSession, "id = ?", sessionID).
 		Error
 	if err != nil {
-		return model.User{}, "", err
+		return model.User{}, "", fmt.Errorf("failed to load WebAuthn session: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	session := webauthn.SessionData{
@@ -278,16 +293,30 @@ func (s *WebAuthnService) ListCredentials(ctx context.Context, userID string) ([
 	return credentials, nil
 }
 
-func (s *WebAuthnService) DeleteCredential(ctx context.Context, userID, credentialID string) error {
-	err := s.db.
+func (s *WebAuthnService) DeleteCredential(ctx context.Context, userID string, credentialID string, ipAddress string, userAgent string) error {
+	tx := s.db.Begin()
+	defer func() {
+		tx.Rollback()
+	}()
+
+	credential := &model.WebauthnCredential{}
+	err := tx.
 		WithContext(ctx).
-		Where("id = ? AND user_id = ?", credentialID, userID).
-		Delete(&model.WebauthnCredential{}).
+		Clauses(clause.Returning{}).
+		Delete(credential, "id = ? AND user_id = ?", credentialID, userID).
 		Error
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete record: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	auditLogData := model.AuditLogData{"credentialID": hex.EncodeToString(credential.CredentialID), "passkeyName": credential.Name}
+	s.auditLogService.Create(ctx, model.AuditLogEventPasskeyRemoved, ipAddress, userAgent, userID, auditLogData, tx)
+
+	err = tx.Commit().Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to commit transaction: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -329,3 +358,136 @@ func (s *WebAuthnService) UpdateCredential(ctx context.Context, userID, credenti
 func (s *WebAuthnService) updateWebAuthnConfig() {
 	s.webAuthn.Config.RPDisplayName = s.appConfigService.GetDbConfig().AppName.Value
 }
+
+func (s *WebAuthnService) CreateReauthenticationTokenWithAccessToken(ctx context.Context, accessToken string) (string, error) {
+	tx := s.db.Begin()
+	defer func() {
+		tx.Rollback()
+	}()
+
+	token, err := s.jwtService.VerifyAccessToken(accessToken)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid access token: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	userID, ok := token.Subject()
+	if !ok {
+		return "", errors.New("access token does not contain user ID")
+	}
+
+	// Check if token is issued less than a minute ago
+	tokenExpiration, ok := token.IssuedAt()
+	if !ok || time.Since(tokenExpiration) > time.Minute {
+		return "", &common.ReauthenticationRequiredError{}
+	}
+
+	var user model.User
+	err = tx.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		First(&user, "id = ?", userID).
+		Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to load user: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	reauthToken, err := s.createReauthenticationToken(ctx, tx, user.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	err = tx.Commit().Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	return reauthToken, nil
+}
+
+func (s *WebAuthnService) CreateReauthenticationTokenWithWebauthn(ctx context.Context, sessionID string, credentialAssertionData *protocol.ParsedCredentialAssertionData) (string, error) {
+	tx := s.db.Begin()
+	defer func() {
+		tx.Rollback()
+	}()
+
+	// Retrieve and delete the session
+	var storedSession model.WebauthnSession
+	err := tx.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		Clauses(clause.Returning{}).
+		Delete(&storedSession, "id = ? AND expires_at > ?", sessionID, datatype.DateTime(time.Now())).
+		Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to load WebAuthn session: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	session := webauthn.SessionData{
+		Challenge: storedSession.Challenge,
+		Expires:   storedSession.ExpiresAt.ToTime(),
+	}
+
+	// Validate the credential assertion
+	var user *model.User
+	_, err = s.webAuthn.ValidateDiscoverableLogin(func(_, userHandle []byte) (webauthn.User, error) {
+		innerErr := tx.
+			WithContext(ctx).
+			Preload("Credentials").
+			First(&user, "id = ?", string(userHandle)).
+			Error
+		if innerErr != nil {
+			return nil, innerErr
+		}
+		return user, nil
+	}, session, credentialAssertionData)
+
+	if err != nil || user == nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	// Create reauthentication token
+	token, err := s.createReauthenticationToken(ctx, tx, user.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	err = tx.Commit().Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	return token, nil
+}
+
+func (s *WebAuthnService) ConsumeReauthenticationToken(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, token string, userID string) error {
+	hashedToken := utils.CreateSha256Hash(token)
+	result := tx.WithContext(ctx).
+		Clauses(clause.Returning{}).
+		Delete(&model.ReauthenticationToken{}, "token = ? AND user_id = ? AND expires_at > ?", hashedToken, userID, datatype.DateTime(time.Now()))
+
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		return result.Error
+	}
+	if result.RowsAffected == 0 {
+		return &common.ReauthenticationRequiredError{}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *WebAuthnService) createReauthenticationToken(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, userID string) (string, error) {
+	token, err := utils.GenerateRandomAlphanumericString(32)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	reauthToken := model.ReauthenticationToken{
+		Token:     utils.CreateSha256Hash(token),
+		ExpiresAt: datatype.DateTime(time.Now().Add(3 * time.Minute)),
+		UserID:    userID,
+	}
+
+	err = tx.WithContext(ctx).Create(&reauthToken).Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	return token, nil
+}

backend/internal/storage/database.go

@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+package storage
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
+	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
+)
+
+var TypeDatabase = "database"
+
+type databaseStorage struct {
+	db *gorm.DB
+}
+
+// NewDatabaseStorage creates a new database storage provider
+func NewDatabaseStorage(db *gorm.DB) (FileStorage, error) {
+	if db == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("database connection is required")
+	}
+	return &databaseStorage{db: db}, nil
+}
+
+func (s *databaseStorage) Type() string {
+	return TypeDatabase
+}
+
+func (s *databaseStorage) Save(ctx context.Context, relativePath string, data io.Reader) error {
+	// Normalize the path
+	relativePath = filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Clean(relativePath))
+
+	// Read all data into memory
+	b, err := io.ReadAll(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read data: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	now := datatype.DateTime(time.Now())
+	storage := model.Storage{
+		Path:      relativePath,
+		Data:      b,
+		Size:      int64(len(b)),
+		ModTime:   now,
+		CreatedAt: now,
+	}
+
+	// Use upsert: insert or update on conflict
+	result := s.db.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		Clauses(clause.OnConflict{
+			Columns:   []clause.Column{{Name: "path"}},
+			DoUpdates: clause.AssignmentColumns([]string{"data", "size", "mod_time"}),
+		}).
+		Create(&storage)
+
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to save file to database: %w", result.Error)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *databaseStorage) Open(ctx context.Context, relativePath string) (io.ReadCloser, int64, error) {
+	relativePath = filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Clean(relativePath))
+
+	var storage model.Storage
+	result := s.db.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		Where("path = ?", relativePath).
+		First(&storage)
+
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+			return nil, 0, os.ErrNotExist
+		}
+		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to read file from database: %w", result.Error)
+	}
+
+	reader := io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(storage.Data))
+	return reader, storage.Size, nil
+}
+
+func (s *databaseStorage) Delete(ctx context.Context, relativePath string) error {
+	relativePath = filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Clean(relativePath))
+
+	result := s.db.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		Where("path = ?", relativePath).
+		Delete(&model.Storage{})
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete file from database: %w", result.Error)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *databaseStorage) DeleteAll(ctx context.Context, prefix string) error {
+	prefix = filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Clean(prefix))
+
+	// If empty prefix, delete all
+	if isRootPath(prefix) {
+		result := s.db.
+			WithContext(ctx).
+			Where("1 = 1"). // Delete everything
+			Delete(&model.Storage{})
+		if result.Error != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete all files from database: %w", result.Error)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Ensure prefix ends with / for proper prefix matching
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(prefix, "/") {
+		prefix += "/"
+	}
+
+	query := s.db.WithContext(ctx)
+	query = addPathPrefixClause(s.db.Name(), query, prefix)
+	result := query.Delete(&model.Storage{})
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete files with prefix '%s' from database: %w", prefix, result.Error)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *databaseStorage) List(ctx context.Context, prefix string) ([]ObjectInfo, error) {
+	prefix = filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Clean(prefix))
+
+	var storageItems []model.Storage
+	query := s.db.WithContext(ctx)
+
+	if !isRootPath(prefix) {
+		// Ensure prefix matching
+		if !strings.HasSuffix(prefix, "/") {
+			prefix += "/"
+		}
+		query = addPathPrefixClause(s.db.Name(), query, prefix)
+	}
+
+	result := query.
+		Select("path", "size", "mod_time").
+		Find(&storageItems)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to list files from database: %w", result.Error)
+	}
+
+	objects := make([]ObjectInfo, 0, len(storageItems))
+	for _, item := range storageItems {
+		// Filter out directory-like paths (those that contain additional slashes after the prefix)
+		relativePath := strings.TrimPrefix(item.Path, prefix)
+		if strings.ContainsRune(relativePath, '/') {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		objects = append(objects, ObjectInfo{
+			Path:    item.Path,
+			Size:    item.Size,
+			ModTime: time.Time(item.ModTime),
+		})
+	}
+
+	return objects, nil
+}
+
+func (s *databaseStorage) Walk(ctx context.Context, root string, fn func(ObjectInfo) error) error {
+	root = filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Clean(root))
+
+	var storageItems []model.Storage
+	query := s.db.WithContext(ctx)
+
+	if !isRootPath(root) {
+		// Ensure root matching
+		if !strings.HasSuffix(root, "/") {
+			root += "/"
+		}
+		query = addPathPrefixClause(s.db.Name(), query, root)
+	}
+
+	result := query.
+		Select("path", "size", "mod_time").
+		Find(&storageItems)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to walk files from database: %w", result.Error)
+	}
+
+	for _, item := range storageItems {
+		err := fn(ObjectInfo{
+			Path:    item.Path,
+			Size:    item.Size,
+			ModTime: time.Time(item.ModTime),
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func isRootPath(path string) bool {
+	return path == "" || path == "/" || path == "."
+}
+
+func addPathPrefixClause(dialect string, query *gorm.DB, prefix string) *gorm.DB {
+	// In SQLite, we use "GLOB" which can use the index
+	switch dialect {
+	case "sqlite":
+		return query.Where("path GLOB ?", prefix+"*")
+	case "postgres":
+		return query.Where("path LIKE ?", prefix+"%")
+	default:
+		// Indicates a development-time error
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("unsupported database dialect: %s", dialect))
+	}
+}

backend/internal/storage/database_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+package storage
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	testingutil "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/testing"
+)
+
+func TestDatabaseStorageOperations(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	db := testingutil.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+	store, err := NewDatabaseStorage(db)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	t.Run("type should be database", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.Equal(t, TypeDatabase, store.Type())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("save, open and list files", func(t *testing.T) {
+		err := store.Save(ctx, "images/logo.png", bytes.NewBufferString("logo-data"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		reader, size, err := store.Open(ctx, "images/logo.png")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		defer reader.Close()
+
+		contents, err := io.ReadAll(reader)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, []byte("logo-data"), contents)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(len(contents)), size)
+
+		err = store.Save(ctx, "images/nested/child.txt", bytes.NewBufferString("child"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		files, err := store.List(ctx, "images")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Len(t, files, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, "images/logo.png", files[0].Path)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(len("logo-data")), files[0].Size)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("save should update existing file", func(t *testing.T) {
+		err := store.Save(ctx, "test/update.txt", bytes.NewBufferString("original"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		err = store.Save(ctx, "test/update.txt", bytes.NewBufferString("updated"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		reader, size, err := store.Open(ctx, "test/update.txt")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		defer reader.Close()
+
+		contents, err := io.ReadAll(reader)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, []byte("updated"), contents)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(len("updated")), size)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("delete files individually", func(t *testing.T) {
+		err := store.Save(ctx, "images/delete-me.txt", bytes.NewBufferString("temp"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		require.NoError(t, store.Delete(ctx, "images/delete-me.txt"))
+		_, _, err = store.Open(ctx, "images/delete-me.txt")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, IsNotExist(err))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("delete missing file should not error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		require.NoError(t, store.Delete(ctx, "images/missing.txt"))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("delete all files", func(t *testing.T) {
+		require.NoError(t, store.Save(ctx, "cleanup/a.txt", bytes.NewBufferString("a")))
+		require.NoError(t, store.Save(ctx, "cleanup/b.txt", bytes.NewBufferString("b")))
+		require.NoError(t, store.Save(ctx, "cleanup/nested/c.txt", bytes.NewBufferString("c")))
+		require.NoError(t, store.DeleteAll(ctx, "/"))
+
+		_, _, err := store.Open(ctx, "cleanup/a.txt")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, IsNotExist(err))
+
+		_, _, err = store.Open(ctx, "cleanup/b.txt")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, IsNotExist(err))
+
+		_, _, err = store.Open(ctx, "cleanup/nested/c.txt")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, IsNotExist(err))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("delete all files under a prefix", func(t *testing.T) {
+		require.NoError(t, store.Save(ctx, "cleanup/a.txt", bytes.NewBufferString("a")))
+		require.NoError(t, store.Save(ctx, "cleanup/b.txt", bytes.NewBufferString("b")))
+		require.NoError(t, store.Save(ctx, "cleanup/nested/c.txt", bytes.NewBufferString("c")))
+		require.NoError(t, store.DeleteAll(ctx, "cleanup"))
+
+		_, _, err := store.Open(ctx, "cleanup/a.txt")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, IsNotExist(err))
+
+		_, _, err = store.Open(ctx, "cleanup/b.txt")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, IsNotExist(err))
+
+		_, _, err = store.Open(ctx, "cleanup/nested/c.txt")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, IsNotExist(err))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("walk files", func(t *testing.T) {
+		require.NoError(t, store.Save(ctx, "walk/file1.txt", bytes.NewBufferString("1")))
+		require.NoError(t, store.Save(ctx, "walk/file2.txt", bytes.NewBufferString("2")))
+		require.NoError(t, store.Save(ctx, "walk/nested/file3.txt", bytes.NewBufferString("3")))
+
+		var paths []string
+		err := store.Walk(ctx, "walk", func(info ObjectInfo) error {
+			paths = append(paths, info.Path)
+			return nil
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Len(t, paths, 3)
+		assert.Contains(t, paths, "walk/file1.txt")
+		assert.Contains(t, paths, "walk/file2.txt")
+		assert.Contains(t, paths, "walk/nested/file3.txt")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestNewDatabaseStorage(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("should return error with nil database", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := NewDatabaseStorage(nil)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "database connection is required")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should create storage with valid database", func(t *testing.T) {
+		db := testingutil.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+		store, err := NewDatabaseStorage(db)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NotNil(t, store)
+	})
+}

backend/internal/storage/filesystem.go

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+package storage
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+)
+
+type filesystemStorage struct {
+	root             *os.Root
+	absoluteRootPath string
+}
+
+func NewFilesystemStorage(rootPath string) (FileStorage, error) {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(rootPath, 0700); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create root directory '%s': %w", rootPath, err)
+	}
+	root, err := os.OpenRoot(rootPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to open root directory '%s': %w", rootPath, err)
+	}
+
+	absoluteRootPath, err := filepath.Abs(rootPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get absolute path of root directory '%s': %w", rootPath, err)
+	}
+
+	return &filesystemStorage{root: root, absoluteRootPath: absoluteRootPath}, err
+}
+
+func (s *filesystemStorage) Type() string {
+	return TypeFileSystem
+}
+
+func (s *filesystemStorage) Save(_ context.Context, path string, data io.Reader) error {
+	path = filepath.FromSlash(path)
+
+	if err := s.root.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(path), 0700); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create directories for path '%s': %w", path, err)
+	}
+
+	// Our strategy is to save to a separate file and then rename it to override the original file
+	tmpName := path + "." + uuid.NewString() + "-tmp"
+
+	// Write to the temporary file
+	tmpFile, err := s.root.Create(tmpName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to open file '%s' for writing: %w", tmpName, err)
+	}
+
+	_, err = io.Copy(tmpFile, data)
+	if err != nil {
+		tmpFile.Close()
+		_ = s.root.Remove(tmpName)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write temporary file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err = tmpFile.Close(); err != nil {
+		_ = s.root.Remove(tmpName)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to close temporary file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Rename to the final file, which overrides existing files
+	// This is an atomic operation
+	if err = s.root.Rename(tmpName, path); err != nil {
+		_ = s.root.Remove(tmpName)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to move temporary file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *filesystemStorage) Open(_ context.Context, path string) (io.ReadCloser, int64, error) {
+	path = filepath.FromSlash(path)
+
+	file, err := s.root.Open(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+	info, err := file.Stat()
+	if err != nil {
+		file.Close()
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+	return file, info.Size(), nil
+}
+
+func (s *filesystemStorage) Delete(_ context.Context, path string) error {
+	path = filepath.FromSlash(path)
+
+	err := s.root.Remove(path)
+	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *filesystemStorage) DeleteAll(_ context.Context, path string) error {
+	path = filepath.FromSlash(path)
+
+	// If "/", "." or "" is requested, we delete all contents of the root.
+	if path == "" || path == "/" || path == "." {
+		dir, err := s.root.Open(".")
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to open root directory: %w", err)
+		}
+		defer dir.Close()
+
+		entries, err := dir.ReadDir(-1)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to list root directory: %w", err)
+		}
+		for _, entry := range entries {
+			if err := s.root.RemoveAll(entry.Name()); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete '%s': %w", entry.Name(), err)
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return s.root.RemoveAll(path)
+}
+func (s *filesystemStorage) List(_ context.Context, path string) ([]ObjectInfo, error) {
+	path = filepath.FromSlash(path)
+
+	dir, err := s.root.Open(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer dir.Close()
+
+	entries, err := dir.ReadDir(-1)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	objects := make([]ObjectInfo, 0, len(entries))
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		if entry.IsDir() {
+			continue
+		}
+		info, err := entry.Info()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		objects = append(objects, ObjectInfo{
+			Path:    filepath.Join(path, entry.Name()),
+			Size:    info.Size(),
+			ModTime: info.ModTime(),
+		})
+	}
+	return objects, nil
+}
+func (s *filesystemStorage) Walk(_ context.Context, root string, fn func(ObjectInfo) error) error {
+	root = filepath.FromSlash(root)
+
+	fullPath := filepath.Clean(filepath.Join(s.absoluteRootPath, root))
+
+	// As we can't use os.Root here, we manually ensure that the fullPath is within the root directory
+	sep := string(filepath.Separator)
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(fullPath+sep, s.absoluteRootPath+sep) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid root path: %s", root)
+	}
+
+	return filepath.WalkDir(fullPath, func(full string, d fs.DirEntry, err error) error {
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if d.IsDir() {
+			return nil
+		}
+		rel, err := filepath.Rel(s.absoluteRootPath, full)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		info, err := d.Info()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return fn(ObjectInfo{
+			Path:    filepath.ToSlash(rel),
+			Size:    info.Size(),
+			ModTime: info.ModTime(),
+		})
+	})
+}

backend/internal/storage/filesystem_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package storage
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestFilesystemStorageOperations(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	store, err := NewFilesystemStorage(t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	t.Run("save, open and list files", func(t *testing.T) {
+		err := store.Save(ctx, "images/logo.png", bytes.NewBufferString("logo-data"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		reader, size, err := store.Open(ctx, "images/logo.png")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		defer reader.Close()
+
+		contents, err := io.ReadAll(reader)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, []byte("logo-data"), contents)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(len(contents)), size)
+
+		err = store.Save(ctx, "images/nested/child.txt", bytes.NewBufferString("child"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		files, err := store.List(ctx, "images")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Len(t, files, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, filepath.Join("images", "logo.png"), files[0].Path)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(len("logo-data")), files[0].Size)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("delete files individually and idempotently", func(t *testing.T) {
+		err := store.Save(ctx, "images/delete-me.txt", bytes.NewBufferString("temp"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		require.NoError(t, store.Delete(ctx, "images/delete-me.txt"))
+		_, _, err = store.Open(ctx, "images/delete-me.txt")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, IsNotExist(err))
+
+		// Deleting a missing object should be a no-op.
+		require.NoError(t, store.Delete(ctx, "images/missing.txt"))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("delete all files under a prefix", func(t *testing.T) {
+		require.NoError(t, store.Save(ctx, "images/a.txt", bytes.NewBufferString("a")))
+		require.NoError(t, store.Save(ctx, "images/b.txt", bytes.NewBufferString("b")))
+		require.NoError(t, store.DeleteAll(ctx, "images"))
+
+		_, _, err := store.Open(ctx, "images/a.txt")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, IsNotExist(err))
+
+		_, _, err = store.Open(ctx, "images/b.txt")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, IsNotExist(err))
+	})
+}