release: 1.6.1

Co-authored-by: Kyle Mendell <kmendell@ofkm.us>

.devcontainer/devcontainer.json

@@ -1,32 +1,21 @@
-// For format details, see https://aka.ms/devcontainer.json. For config options, see the
-// README at: https://github.com/devcontainers/templates/tree/main/src/typescript-node
 {
   "name": "pocket-id",
-  // Or use a Dockerfile or Docker Compose file. More info: https://containers.dev/guide/dockerfile
   "image": "mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/typescript-node:1-22-bookworm",
   "features": {
-    "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/go:1": {},
-    "ghcr.io/devcontainers-extra/features/caddy:1": {}
+    "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/go:1": {}
   },
   "customizations": {
     "vscode": {
       "extensions": [
         "golang.go",
-        "svelte.svelte-vscode"
+        "svelte.svelte-vscode",
+        "bradlc.vscode-tailwindcss",
+        "esbenp.prettier-vscode"
       ]
     }
   },
-  // Use 'postCreateCommand' to run commands after the container is created.
-  // Install npm dependencies for the frontend.
-  "postCreateCommand": "npm install --prefix frontend"
-
-
-  // Features to add to the dev container. More info: https://containers.dev/features.
-  // "features": {},
-  // Use 'forwardPorts' to make a list of ports inside the container available locally.
-  // "forwardPorts": [],
-  // Configure tool-specific properties.
-  // "customizations": {},
-  // Uncomment to connect as root instead. More info: https://aka.ms/dev-containers-non-root.
-  // "remoteUser": "root"
-}
+  "containerEnv": {
+    "HOST": "0.0.0.0"
+  },
+  "postCreateCommand": "npm install --prefix frontend && cd backend && go mod download"
+}

.dockerignore

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ node_modules
 /frontend/.svelte-kit
 /frontend/build
 /backend/bin
+/backend/frontend/dist
+/tests/.auth
+/tests/.report
 
 
 # Env
@@ -15,4 +18,5 @@ node_modules
 
 # Application specific
 data
-/scripts/development
+/scripts/development
+/backend/GeoLite2-City.mmdb

.env.example

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # See the documentation for more information: https://pocket-id.org/docs/configuration/environment-variables
-PUBLIC_APP_URL=http://localhost
+APP_URL=https://your-pocket-id-domain.com
 TRUST_PROXY=false
 MAXMIND_LICENSE_KEY=
 PUID=1000

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+*       @pocket-id/maintainers

.github/svelte-check-matcher.json

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{
+  "problemMatcher": [
+    {
+      "owner": "svelte-check",
+      "pattern": [
+        {
+          "regexp": "^([^\\s].*):(\\d+):(\\d+)$",
+          "file": 1,
+          "line": 2,
+          "column": 3
+        },
+        {
+          "regexp": "^\\s*(Error|Warning):\\s*(.*)\\s+\\((?:ts|js|svelte)\\)$",
+          "severity": 1,
+          "message": 2,
+          "loop": false
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}

.github/workflows/backend-linter.yml

@@ -35,5 +35,6 @@ jobs:
         uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@dec74fa03096ff515422f71d18d41307cacde373 # v7.0.0
         with:
           version: v2.0.2
+          args: --build-tags=exclude_frontend
           working-directory: backend
           only-new-issues: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}

.github/workflows/build-and-push-docker-image.yml

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-name: Build and Push Docker Image
-
-on:
-  release:
-    types: [published]
-
-jobs:
-  build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04 # Using an older version because of https://github.com/actions/runner-images/issues/11471
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      packages: write      
-    steps:
-      - name: checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
-
-      - name: Docker metadata
-        id: meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
-        with:
-          images: |
-            ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}
-          tags: |
-            type=semver,pattern={{version}},prefix=v
-            type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}},prefix=v
-
-      - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
-
-      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
-
-
-      - name: 'Login to GitHub Container Registry'
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
-        with:
-            registry: ghcr.io
-            username: ${{github.repository_owner}}
-            password: ${{secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN}}    
-    
-      - name: Build and push
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v4
-        with:
-          context: .
-          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
-          push: true
-          tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
-          labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
-          cache-from: type=gha
-          cache-to: type=gha,mode=max

.github/workflows/build-next.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+name: Build Next Image
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+
+concurrency:
+  group: build-next-image
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  build-next:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      packages: write
+      id-token: write
+      attestations: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: 22
+          cache: "npm"
+          cache-dependency-path: frontend/package-lock.json
+
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version-file: "backend/go.mod"
+
+      - name: Set up QEMU
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+
+      - name: Set DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME
+        run: |
+          # Lowercase REPO_OWNER which is required for containers
+          REPO_OWNER=${{ github.repository_owner }}
+          DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME="ghcr.io/${REPO_OWNER,,}/pocket-id"
+          echo "DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME=${DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME}" >>${GITHUB_ENV}
+
+      - name: Login to GitHub Container Registry
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          registry: ghcr.io
+          username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Install frontend dependencies
+        working-directory: frontend
+        run: npm ci
+
+      - name: Build frontend
+        working-directory: frontend
+        run: npm run build
+
+      - name: Build binaries
+        run: sh scripts/development/build-binaries.sh --docker-only
+
+      - name: Build and push container image
+        id: build-push-image
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        with:
+          context: .
+          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
+          push: true
+          tags: ${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}:next
+          file: Dockerfile-prebuilt
+      - name: Build and push container image (distroless)
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        id: container-build-push-distroless
+        with:
+          context: .
+          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
+          push: true
+          tags: ${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}:next-distroless
+          file: Dockerfile-distroless
+      - name: Container image attestation
+        uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v2
+        with:
+          subject-name: "${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}"
+          subject-digest: ${{ steps.build-push-image.outputs.digest }}
+          push-to-registry: true
+      - name: Container image attestation (distroless)
+        uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v2
+        with:
+          subject-name: "${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}"
+          subject-digest: ${{ steps.container-build-push-distroless.outputs.digest }}
+          push-to-registry: true

.github/workflows/e2e-tests.yml

@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ jobs:
   build:
     if: github.event.pull_request.head.ref != 'i18n_crowdin'
     timeout-minutes: 20
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      actions: write
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -44,13 +47,16 @@ jobs:
 
   test-sqlite:
     if: github.event.pull_request.head.ref != 'i18n_crowdin'
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      actions: write
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: build
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
-          node-version: lts/*
+          node-version: 22
           cache: "npm"
           cache-dependency-path: frontend/package-lock.json
 
@@ -72,34 +78,48 @@ jobs:
       - name: Load Docker image
         run: docker load -i /tmp/docker-image.tar
 
-      - name: Install frontend dependencies
-        working-directory: ./frontend
+      - name: Cache LLDAP Docker image
+        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        id: lldap-cache
+        with:
+          path: /tmp/lldap-image.tar
+          key: lldap-stable-${{ runner.os }}
+
+      - name: Pull and save LLDAP image
+        if: steps.lldap-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        run: |
+          docker pull nitnelave/lldap:stable
+          docker save nitnelave/lldap:stable > /tmp/lldap-image.tar
+
+      - name: Load LLDAP image from cache
+        if: steps.lldap-cache.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
+        run: docker load < /tmp/lldap-image.tar
+
+      - name: Install test dependencies
+        working-directory: ./tests
         run: npm ci
 
       - name: Install Playwright Browsers
-        working-directory: ./frontend
+        working-directory: ./tests
         if: steps.playwright-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: npx playwright install --with-deps chromium
 
-      - name: Run Docker Container with Sqlite DB
+      - name: Run Docker Container with Sqlite DB and LDAP
+        working-directory: ./tests/setup
         run: |
-          docker run -d --name pocket-id-sqlite \
-          -p 80:80 \
-          -e APP_ENV=test \
-          pocket-id:test
-
-          docker logs -f pocket-id-sqlite &> /tmp/backend.log &
+          docker compose up -d
+          docker compose logs -f pocket-id &> /tmp/backend.log &
 
       - name: Run Playwright tests
-        working-directory: ./frontend
+        working-directory: ./tests
         run: npx playwright test
 
-      - name: Upload Frontend Test Report
+      - name: Upload Test Report
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         if: always() && github.event.pull_request.head.ref != 'i18n_crowdin'
         with:
           name: playwright-report-sqlite
-          path: frontend/tests/.report
+          path: tests/.report
           include-hidden-files: true
           retention-days: 15
 
@@ -114,13 +134,16 @@ jobs:
 
   test-postgres:
     if: github.event.pull_request.head.ref != 'i18n_crowdin'
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      actions: write
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: build
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
-          node-version: lts/*
+          node-version: 22
           cache: "npm"
           cache-dependency-path: frontend/package-lock.json
 
@@ -150,6 +173,23 @@ jobs:
         if: steps.postgres-cache.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
         run: docker load < /tmp/postgres-image.tar
 
+      - name: Cache LLDAP Docker image
+        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        id: lldap-cache
+        with:
+          path: /tmp/lldap-image.tar
+          key: lldap-stable-${{ runner.os }}
+
+      - name: Pull and save LLDAP image
+        if: steps.lldap-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        run: |
+          docker pull nitnelave/lldap:stable
+          docker save nitnelave/lldap:stable > /tmp/lldap-image.tar
+
+      - name: Load LLDAP image from cache
+        if: steps.lldap-cache.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
+        run: docker load < /tmp/lldap-image.tar
+
       - name: Download Docker image artifact
         uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
@@ -159,56 +199,26 @@ jobs:
       - name: Load Docker image
         run: docker load -i /tmp/docker-image.tar
 
-      - name: Install frontend dependencies
-        working-directory: ./frontend
+      - name: Install test dependencies
+        working-directory: ./tests
         run: npm ci
 
       - name: Install Playwright Browsers
-        working-directory: ./frontend
+        working-directory: ./tests
         if: steps.playwright-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: npx playwright install --with-deps chromium
 
-      - name: Create Docker network
-        run: docker network create pocket-id-network
-
-      - name: Start Postgres DB
+      - name: Run Docker Container with Postgres DB and LDAP
+        working-directory: ./tests/setup
         run: |
-          docker run -d --name pocket-id-db \
-          --network pocket-id-network \
-          -e POSTGRES_USER=postgres \
-          -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=postgres \
-          -e POSTGRES_DB=pocket-id \
-          -p 5432:5432 \
-          postgres:17
-
-      - name: Wait for Postgres to start
-        run: |
-          for i in {1..10}; do
-            if docker exec pocket-id-db pg_isready -U postgres; then
-              echo "Postgres is ready"
-              break
-            fi
-            echo "Waiting for Postgres..."
-            sleep 2
-          done
-
-      - name: Run Docker Container with Postgres DB
-        run: |
-          docker run -d --name pocket-id-postgres \
-          --network pocket-id-network \
-          -p 80:80 \
-          -e APP_ENV=test \
-          -e DB_PROVIDER=postgres \
-          -e DB_CONNECTION_STRING=postgresql://postgres:postgres@pocket-id-db:5432/pocket-id \
-          pocket-id:test
-
-          docker logs -f pocket-id-postgres &> /tmp/backend.log &
+          docker compose -f docker-compose-postgres.yml up -d
+          docker compose -f docker-compose-postgres.yml logs -f pocket-id &> /tmp/backend.log &
 
       - name: Run Playwright tests
-        working-directory: ./frontend
+        working-directory: ./tests
         run: npx playwright test
 
-      - name: Upload Frontend Test Report
+      - name: Upload Test Report
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         if: always() && github.event.pull_request.head.ref != 'i18n_crowdin'
         with:

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+name: Release
+
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - "v*.*.*"
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+      packages: write
+      attestations: write
+      id-token: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: 22
+          cache: "npm"
+          cache-dependency-path: frontend/package-lock.json
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version-file: "backend/go.mod"
+      - name: Set up QEMU
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+      - name: Set DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME
+        run: |
+          # Lowercase REPO_OWNER which is required for containers
+          REPO_OWNER=${{ github.repository_owner }}
+          DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME="ghcr.io/${REPO_OWNER,,}/pocket-id"
+          echo "DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME=${DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME}" >>${GITHUB_ENV}
+      - name: Login to GitHub Container Registry
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          registry: ghcr.io
+          username: ${{github.repository_owner}}
+          password: ${{secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN}}
+      - name: Docker metadata
+        id: meta
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+        with:
+          images: |
+            ${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}
+          tags: |
+            type=semver,pattern={{version}},prefix=v
+            type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}},prefix=v
+            type=semver,pattern={{major}},prefix=v
+      - name: Docker metadata (distroless)
+        id: meta-distroless
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+        with:
+          images: |
+            ${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}
+          flavor: |
+            suffix=-distroless,onlatest=true
+          tags: |
+            type=semver,pattern={{version}},prefix=v
+            type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}},prefix=v
+            type=semver,pattern={{major}},prefix=v            
+      - name: Install frontend dependencies
+        working-directory: frontend
+        run: npm ci
+      - name: Build frontend
+        working-directory: frontend
+        run: npm run build
+      - name: Build binaries
+        run: sh scripts/development/build-binaries.sh
+      - name: Build and push container image
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        id: container-build-push
+        with:
+          context: .
+          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
+          push: true
+          tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
+          labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
+          file: Dockerfile-prebuilt
+      - name: Build and push container image (distroless)
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        id: container-build-push-distroless
+        with:
+          context: .
+          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
+          push: true
+          tags: ${{ steps.meta-distroless.outputs.tags }}
+          labels: ${{ steps.meta-distroless.outputs.labels }}
+          file: Dockerfile-distroless
+      - name: Binary attestation
+        uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v2
+        with:
+          subject-path: "backend/.bin/pocket-id-**"
+      - name: Container image attestation
+        uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v2
+        with:
+          subject-name: "${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}"
+          subject-digest: ${{ steps.container-build-push.outputs.digest }}
+          push-to-registry: true
+      - name: Container image attestation (distroless)
+        uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v2
+        with:
+          subject-name: "${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}"
+          subject-digest: ${{ steps.container-build-push-distroless.outputs.digest }}
+          push-to-registry: true
+      - name: Upload binaries to release
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: gh release upload ${{ github.ref_name }} backend/.bin/*
+
+  publish-release:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: [build]
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+    env:
+      GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Mark release as published
+        run: gh release edit ${{ github.ref_name }} --draft=false

.github/workflows/svelte-check.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+name: Svelte Check
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [main]
+    paths:
+      - "frontend/src/**"
+      - ".github/svelte-check-matcher.json"
+      - "frontend/package.json"
+      - "frontend/package-lock.json"
+      - "frontend/tsconfig.json"
+      - "frontend/svelte.config.js"
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [main]
+    paths:
+      - "frontend/src/**"
+      - ".github/svelte-check-matcher.json"
+      - "frontend/package.json"
+      - "frontend/package-lock.json"
+      - "frontend/tsconfig.json"
+      - "frontend/svelte.config.js"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  type-check:
+    name: Run Svelte Check
+    # Don't run on dependabot branches
+    if: github.actor != 'dependabot[bot]'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      checks: write
+      pull-requests: write
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: 22
+          cache: "npm"
+          cache-dependency-path: frontend/package-lock.json
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        working-directory: frontend
+        run: npm ci
+
+      - name: Build Pocket ID Frontend
+        working-directory: frontend
+        run: npm run build
+
+      - name: Add svelte-check problem matcher
+        run: echo "::add-matcher::.github/svelte-check-matcher.json"
+
+      - name: Run svelte-check
+        working-directory: frontend
+        run: npm run check

.github/workflows/unit-tests.yml

@@ -11,13 +11,16 @@ on:
 
 jobs:
   test-backend:
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      actions: write
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version-file: 'backend/go.mod'
-          cache-dependency-path: 'backend/go.sum'
+          go-version-file: "backend/go.mod"
+          cache-dependency-path: "backend/go.sum"
       - name: Install dependencies
         working-directory: backend
         run: |
@@ -26,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: backend
         run: |
           set -e -o pipefail
-          go test -v ./... | tee /tmp/TestResults.log
+          go test -tags=exclude_frontend -v ./... | tee /tmp/TestResults.log
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         if: always()
         with:

.github/workflows/update-aaguids.yml

@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@ on:
     - cron: "0 0 * * 1" # Runs every Monday at midnight
   workflow_dispatch: # Allows manual triggering of the workflow
 
-permissions: 
-    contents: write
-    
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+  pull-requests: write
+
 jobs:
   update-aaguids:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -24,11 +25,15 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           mkdir -p backend/resources
           jq -c 'map_values(.name)' data.json > backend/resources/aaguids.json
+          rm data.json
 
-      - name: Commit changes
-        run: |
-          git config --local user.email "action@github.com"
-          git config --local user.name "GitHub Action"
-          git add backend/resources/aaguids.json
-          git diff --staged --quiet || git commit -m "chore: update AAGUIDs"
-          git push
+      - name: Create Pull Request
+        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v7
+        with:
+          commit-message: "chore: update AAGUIDs"
+          title: "chore: update AAGUIDs"
+          body: |
+            This PR updates the AAGUIDs file with the latest data from the [passkey-aaguids](https://github.com/pocket-id/passkey-aaguids) repository.
+          branch: update-aaguids
+          base: main
+          delete-branch: true

.gitignore

@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ node_modules
 /frontend/.svelte-kit
 /frontend/build
 /backend/bin
+pocket-id
+/tests/test-results/*.json
 
 # OS
 .DS_Store
@@ -17,7 +19,7 @@ Thumbs.db
 # Env
 .env
 .env.*
-!.env.example
+!.env.development-example
 !.env.test
 
 # Vite
@@ -30,13 +32,15 @@ vite.config.ts.timestamp-*
 *.dll
 *.so
 *.dylib
+/backend/.bin
+/pocket-id
 
 # Application specific
 data
-/frontend/tests/.auth
-/frontend/tests/.report
-pocket-id-backend
+/tests/.auth
+/tests/.report
 /backend/GeoLite2-City.mmdb
+/backend/frontend/dist
 
 # Misc
 .DS_Store

.version

@@ -1 +1 @@
-0.51.0
+1.6.1

.vscode/extensions.json

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 {
   "recommendations": [
-    "inlang.vs-code-extension"
+    "golang.go",
+    "svelte.svelte-vscode",
+    "bradlc.vscode-tailwindcss",
+    "esbenp.prettier-vscode"
   ]
-}
+}

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 {
-    "go.buildTags": "e2etest"
+    "go.buildTags": "e2etest",
+    "prettier.documentSelectors": ["**/*.svelte"],
 }

.vscode/tasks.json

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-{
-  // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
-  // for the documentation about the tasks.json format
-  "version": "2.0.0",
-  "tasks": [
-    {
-      "label": "Run Caddy",
-      "type": "shell",
-      "command": "caddy run --config reverse-proxy/Caddyfile",
-      "isBackground": true,
-      "problemMatcher": {
-        "owner": "custom",
-        "pattern": [
-          {
-            "regexp": ".",
-            "file": 1,
-            "location": 2,
-            "message": 3
-          }
-        ],
-        "background": {
-          "activeOnStart": true,
-          "beginsPattern": ".*",
-          "endsPattern": "Caddyfile.*"
-        }
-      },
-      "presentation": {
-        "reveal": "always",
-        "panel": "new"
-      },
-      "runOptions": {
-        "runOn": "folderOpen",
-        "instanceLimit": 1
-      }
-    }
-  ]
-}

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,3 +1,205 @@
+## [](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/compare/v1.5.0...v) (2025-07-06)
+
+
+### Features
+
+* add "key-rotate" command ([#709](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/709)) ([8c8fc23](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/8c8fc2304d8f33c1fea54b1138b109f282e78b8b))
+* add support for OAuth 2.0 Authorization Server Issuer Identification ([bf04256](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/bf042563e997d57bb087705a5789fd72ffbed467))
+* distroless container additional variant + healthcheck command ([#716](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/716)) ([1a41b05](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/1a41b05f60d487fff78703bec1d4e832f96fd071))
+* encrypt private keys saved on disk and in database ([#682](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/682)) ([5550729](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/5550729120ac9f5e9361c7f9cf25b9075a33a94a))
+* enhance language selection message and add translation contribution link ([be52660](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/be526602273c1689cb4057ca96d4214e7f817d1d))
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* actually fix linter issues ([#720](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/720)) ([7fe83f8](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/7fe83f8087f033f957bb6e0eee5e0c159417e1cd))
+* add missing error check in initial user setup ([fceb6fa](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/fceb6fa7b4701a3645c4c2353bcd108b15d69ded))
+* allow profile picture update even if "allow own account edit" enabled ([9872608](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/9872608d61a486f7b775f314d9392e0620bcd891))
+* app config forms not updating with latest values ([#696](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/696)) ([92c57ad](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/92c57ada1a11f76963e36ca0a81bca8f52dbc84e))
+* auth fails when client IP is empty on Postgres ([#695](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/695)) ([031181a](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/031181ad2ae8fae94cc5793dd1c614e79476a766))
+* custom claims input suggestions flickering ([49f1ab2](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/49f1ab2f75df97d551fff5acbadcd55df74af617))
+* keep sidebar in settings sticky ([e46f60a](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/e46f60ac8d6944bcea54d0708af1950d98f66c3c))
+* linter issues ([#719](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/719)) ([43f0114](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/43f0114c579f7b5b32b372e09f46bcb2a9d7796e))
+* show friendly name in user group selection ([5c9e504](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/5c9e504291b3bffe947bcbe907701806e301d1fe))
+* support non UTF-8 LDAP IDs ([#714](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/714)) ([8131579](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/81315790a8aa601a2565a1b54807df1e68f06dc5))
+* token introspection authentication not handled correctly ([#704](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/704)) ([aefb308](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/aefb30853677baf7ed29ac8b539e1aadf56e14a4))
+
+## [](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/compare/v1.4.1...v) (2025-06-27)
+
+
+### Features
+
+* improve initial admin creation workflow ([287314f](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/287314f01644e42ddb2ce1b1115bd14f2f0c1768))
+* redact sensitive app config variables if set with env variable ([ba61cdb](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/ba61cdba4eb3d5659f3ae6b6c21249985c0aa630))
+* self-service user signup ([#672](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/672)) ([dcd1ae9](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/dcd1ae96e048115be34b0cce275054e990462ebf))
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* double double full stops for certain error messages ([d070b9a](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/d070b9a778d7d1a51f2fa62d003f2331a96d6c91))
+* error page flickering after sign out ([1a77bd9](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/1a77bd9914ea01e445ff3d6e116c9ed3bcfbf153))
+* improve accent color picker disabled state ([d976bf5](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/d976bf5965eda10e3ecb71821c23e93e5d712a02))
+* less noisy logging for certain GET requests ([#681](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/681)) ([043f82a](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/043f82ad794eb64a5550d8b80703114a055701d9))
+* margin of user sign up description ([052ac00](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/052ac008c3a8c910d1ce79ee99b2b2f75e4090f4))
+* remove duplicate request logging ([#678](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/678)) ([988c425](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/988c425150556b32cff1d341a21fcc9c69d9aaf8))
+* users can't be updated by admin if self account editing is disabled ([29cb551](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/29cb5513a03d1a9571969c8a42deec9b2bdee037))
+
+## [](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/compare/v1.4.0...v) (2025-06-22)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* app not starting if UI config is disabled and Postgres is used ([7d36bda](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/7d36bda769e25497dec6b76206a4f7e151b0bd72))
+
+## [](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/compare/v1.3.1...v) (2025-06-19)
+
+### Features
+
+* allow setting unix socket mode ([#661](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/661)) ([7677a3d](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/7677a3de2c923c11a58bc8c4d1b2121d403a1504))
+* auto-focus on the login buttons ([#647](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/647)) ([d679530](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/d6795300b158b85dd9feadd561b6ecd891f5db0d))
+* configurable local ipv6 ranges for audit log ([#657](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/657)) ([d548523](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/d5485238b8fd4cc566af00eae2b17d69a119f991))
+* location filter for global audit log ([#662](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/662)) ([ac5a121](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/ac5a121f664b8127d0faf30c0f93432f30e7f33a))
+* ui accent colors ([#643](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/643)) ([883877a](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/883877adec6fc3e65bd5a705499449959b894fb5))
+* use icon instead of text on application image update hover state ([215531d](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/215531d65c6683609b0b4a5505fdb72696fdb93e))
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* allow images with uppercase file extension ([1bcb50e](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/1bcb50edc335886dd722a4c69960c48cc3cd1687))
+* center oidc client images if they are smaller than the box ([946c534](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/946c534b0877a074a6b658060f9af27e4061397c))
+* explicitly cache images to prevent unexpected behavior ([2e5d268](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/2e5d2687982186c12e530492292d49895cb6043a))
+* reduce duration of animations on login and signin page ([#648](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/648)) ([d770448](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/d77044882d5a41da22df1c0099c1eb1f20bcbc5b))
+* use inline style for dynamic background image URL instead of Tailwind class ([bef77ac](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/bef77ac8dca2b98b6732677aaafbc28f79d00487))
+## [](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/compare/v1.3.0...v) (2025-06-09)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* change timestamp of `client_credentials.sql` migration ([2935236](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/2935236acee9c78c2fe6787ec8b5f53ae0eca047))
+
+## [](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/compare/v1.2.0...v) (2025-06-09)
+
+
+### Features
+
+* add API endpoint for user authorized clients ([d217083](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/d217083059120171d5c555b09eefe6ba3c8a8d42))
+* add unix socket support ([#615](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/615)) ([035b2c0](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/035b2c022bfd2b98f13355ec7a126e0f1ab3ebd8))
+* allow introspection and device code endpoints to use Federated Client Credentials ([#640](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/640)) ([b62b61f](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/b62b61fb017dba31a6fc612c138bebf370d3956c))
+* JWT bearer assertions for client authentication ([#566](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/566)) ([05bfe00](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/05bfe0092450c9bc26d03c6a54c21050eef8f63a))
+* new color theme for the UI ([97f7326](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/97f7326da40265a954340d519661969530f097a0))
+* oidc client data preview ([#624](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/624)) ([c111b79](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/c111b7914731a3cafeaa55102b515f84a1ad74dc))
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* don't load app config and user on every route change ([bdcef60](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/bdcef60cab6a61e1717661e918c42e3650d23fee))
+* misleading text for disable animations option ([657a51f](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/657a51f7ed8a77e8a937971032091058aacfded6))
+* OIDC client image can't be deleted ([61b62d4](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/61b62d461200c1359a16c92c9c62530362a4785c))
+* UI config overridden by env variables don't apply on first start ([5e9096e](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/5e9096e328741ba2a0e03835927fe62e6aea2a89))
+* use full width for audit log filters ([575b2f7](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/575b2f71e9f1ff9c4f6fd411b136676c213b7201))
+
+## [](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/compare/v1.1.0...v) (2025-06-03)
+
+
+### Features
+
+* auto detect callback url ([#583](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/583)) ([20d3f78](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/20d3f780a2a431d0a48cece0f0764b6e4d53c1b9))
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* allow users to update their locale even when own account update disabled ([6c00aaa](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/6c00aaa3efa75c76d340718698a0f4556e8de268))
+* clear default app config variables from database ([decf8ec](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/decf8ec70b5f6a69fe201d6e4ad60ee62e374ad0))
+* don't use TOFU for logout callback URLs ([#588](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/588)) ([256f74d](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/256f74d0a348a835107fd5b17b9d57b1e845029e))
+* fallback to primary language if no translation available for specific country ([2440379](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/2440379cd11b4a6da7c52b122ba8f49d7c72ce1d))
+* improve spacing on auth screens ([04fcf11](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/04fcf1110e97b42dc5f0c20e169c569075d1e797))
+* page scrolls up on form submisssion ([31ad904](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/31ad904367e53dd47a15abcce5402dfe84828a14))
+* run jobs at interval instead of specific time ([#585](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/585)) ([6d6dc66](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/6d6dc6646a39921a604b6c825d3e7e76af6c693b))
+* show LAN for auditlog location for internal networks ([b874681](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/b8746818240fde052e6f3b5db5c3355d7bbfcbda))
+* small fixes in analytics_job ([#582](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/582)) ([3d402fc](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/3d402fc0ca30626c95b8f7accc274b9f2ab228b9))
+* whitelist authorization header for CORS ([b9489b5](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/b9489b5e9a32a2a3f54d48705e731a7bcf188d20))
+
+## [](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/compare/v1.0.0...v) (2025-05-28)
+
+
+### Features
+
+* add daily heartbeat request for counting Pocket ID instances ([#578](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/578)) ([e0ec607](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/e0ec60719883c0230f1a16611b943d6f6f637157))
+* require user verification for passkey sign in ([68e4b67](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/68e4b67bd212e31ecc20277bfd293c94bf7f3642))
+* show allowed group count on oidc client list ([#567](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/567)) ([38d7ee4](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/38d7ee4432e0dacc2cfbabad4bfd9336b8b84079))
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* run user group count inside a transaction ([f03b80f](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/f03b80f9d7f2529d8cef23ca6a742a914a4ec883))
+* use ldapAttributeUserUsername for finding group members ([#565](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/565)) ([f66e8e8](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/f66e8e8b4478c66ed1ada9168a272b33dbf494d0))
+
+## [](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/compare/v0.53.0...v) (2025-05-24)
+
+
+### ⚠ BREAKING CHANGES
+
+* serve the static frontend trough the backend (#520)
+* remove old DB env variables, and jwk migrations logic (#529)
+
+### Features
+
+* improve buttons styling ([c37386f](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/c37386f8b2f2c64bd9e7c437879a2217846852b5))
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* add back month and year selection for date picker ([6c35570](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/6c35570e78813ca6af1bae6a0374d7483bff9824))
+* animation speed set to max of 300ms ([c726c16](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/c726c1621b8bd88b20cb05263f6d10888f0af8e2))
+* authorize page doesn't load ([c3a03db](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/c3a03db8b0f87cddc927481cfad2ccc391f98869))
+* custom logo not correctly loaded if UI configuration is disabled ([bf710ae](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/bf710aec5625c9dcb43c83d920318a036a135bae))
+* ldap tests ([4dc0b2f](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/4dc0b2f37f9a57ba1c7ea084dc2a713f283d1b14))
+* remove curly bracket from user group URL ([5fa15f6](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/5fa15f60984a8f2a02f15900860c3a3097032e1b))
+* remove nested button in user group list ([f57c8d3](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/f57c8d347e127027378aad8831a8e4dfebfef060))
+* show correct app name on sign out page ([131f470](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/131f470757044fddd0989a76e9dc9e310f19819c))
+* trim whitespaces from string inputs ([059073d](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/059073d4c24e34c142dddd4c150c384779fb51a9))
+* use pointer cursor for menu items ([f820fc8](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/f820fc830161499edb0da2df334e4e473d5825ae))
+* use same color as title for description in alert ([e19b33f](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/e19b33fc2e2b9dd149da1f9351aca2e839ffae04))
+
+
+### Code Refactoring
+
+* remove old DB env variables, and jwk migrations logic ([#529](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/529)) ([f115425](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/f1154257c5a9ac5c95d81343a31c02251631b203))
+* serve the static frontend trough the backend ([#520](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/520)) ([f8a7467](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/f8a7467ec0e939f90d19211a0a0efc5e17a58127))
+
+## [](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/compare/v0.52.0...v) (2025-05-08)
+
+
+### Features
+
+* add support for `TZ` environment variable ([5e2e947](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/5e2e947fe09fa881a7bbc70133a243a4baf30e90))
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* handle CORS correctly for endpoints that SPAs need ([#513](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/513)) ([63a0c08](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/63a0c08696938e1cefd12018f4bd38aa1808996a))
+
+## [](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/compare/v0.51.1...v) (2025-05-06)
+
+
+### Features
+
+* add healthz endpoint ([#494](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/494)) ([3c87e4e](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/3c87e4ec1468c314ac7f8fe831e97b5eead88112))
+* OpenTelemetry tracing and metrics ([#262](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/262)) ([#495](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/495)) ([6f54ee5](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/6f54ee5d668d7a26911db10f2402daf6a1f75f68))
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* correctly set script permissions inside Docker container ([c55fef0](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/c55fef057cdcec867af91b29968541983cd80ec0))
+
+## [](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/compare/v0.51.0...v) (2025-05-03)
+
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* allow LDAP users to update their locale ([0b9cbf4](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/0b9cbf47e36a332cfd854aa92e761264fb3e4795))
+* last name still showing as required on account form ([#492](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/issues/492)) ([cf3fe0b](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/cf3fe0be84f6365f5d4eb08c1b47905962a48a0d))
+* non admin users weren't able to call the end session endpoint ([6bd6cef](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/commit/6bd6cefaa6dc571a319a6a1c2b2facc2404eadd3))
+
 ## [](https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/compare/v0.50.0...v) (2025-04-28)
 
 

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Before you submit the pull request for review please ensure that
   example:
 
   ```
-  feat(share): add password protection
+  fix: hide global audit log switch for non admin users
   ```
 
   Where `TYPE` can be:
@@ -30,55 +30,65 @@ Before you submit the pull request for review please ensure that
 - Your pull request has a detailed description
 - You run `npm run format` to format the code
 
-## Setup project
-Pocket ID consists of a frontend, backend and a reverse proxy. There are two ways to get the development environment setup:
+## Development Environment
+
+Pocket ID consists of a frontend and backend. In production the frontend gets statically served by the backend, but in development they run as separate processes to enable hot reloading.
+
+There are two ways to get the development environment setup:
+
+### 1. Install required tools
+
+#### With Dev Containers
+
+If you use [Dev Containers](https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/remote/containers) in VS Code, you don't need to install anything manually, just follow the steps below.
 
-## 1. Using DevContainers
 1. Make sure you have [Dev Containers](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-vscode-remote.remote-containers) extension installed
 2. Clone and open the repo in VS Code
 3. VS Code will detect .devcontainer and will prompt you to open the folder in devcontainer
 4. If the auto prompt does not work, hit `F1` and select `Dev Containers: Open Folder in Container.`, then select the pocket-id repo root folder and it'll open in container.
 
-## 2. Manual
+#### Without Dev Containers
 
-### Backend
+If you don't use Dev Containers, you need to install the following tools manually:
 
-The backend is built with [Gin](https://gin-gonic.com) and written in Go.
+- [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/download/) >= 22
+- [Go](https://golang.org/doc/install) >= 1.24
+- [Git](https://git-scm.com/downloads)
 
-#### Setup
+### 2. Setup
+
+#### Backend
+
+The backend is built with [Gin](https://gin-gonic.com) and written in Go. To set it up, follow these steps:
 
 1. Open the `backend` folder
-2. Copy the `.env.example` file to `.env` and change the `APP_ENV` to `development`
-3. Start the backend with `go run -tags e2etest ./cmd`
+2. Copy the `.env.development-example` file to `.env` and edit the variables as needed
+3. Start the backend with `go run -tags exclude_frontend ./cmd`
 
 ### Frontend
 
-The frontend is built with [SvelteKit](https://kit.svelte.dev) and written in TypeScript.
-
-#### Setup
+The frontend is built with [SvelteKit](https://kit.svelte.dev) and written in TypeScript. To set it up, follow these steps:
 
 1. Open the `frontend` folder
-2. Copy the `.env.example` file to `.env`
+2. Copy the `.env.development-example` file to `.env` and edit the variables as needed
 3. Install the dependencies with `npm install`
 4. Start the frontend with `npm run dev`
 
-### Reverse Proxy
-We use [Caddy](https://caddyserver.com) as a reverse proxy. You can use any other reverse proxy if you want but you have to configure it yourself.
-
-#### Setup
-Run `caddy run --config reverse-proxy/Caddyfile` in the root folder.
-
-You're all set!
-
-## Debugging
-1. The VS Code is currently setup to auto launch caddy on opening the folder. (Defined in [tasks.json](.vscode/tasks.json))
-2. Press `F5` to start a debug session. This will launch both frontend and backend and attach debuggers to those process. (Defined in [launch.json](.vscode/launch.json))
+You're all set! The application is now listening on `localhost:3000`. The backend gets proxied trough the frontend in development mode.
 
 ### Testing
 
 We are using [Playwright](https://playwright.dev) for end-to-end testing.
 
+If you are contributing to a new feature please ensure that you add tests for it. The tests are located in the `tests` folder at the root of the project.
+
 The tests can be run like this:
-1. Start the backend normally
-2. Start the frontend in production mode with `npm run build && node --env-file=.env build/index.js`
-3. Run the tests with `npm run test`
+
+1. Visit the setup folder by running `cd tests/setup`
+
+2. Start the test environment by running `docker compose up -d --build`
+
+3. Go back to the test folder by running `cd ..`
+4. Run the tests with `npx playwright test`
+
+If you make any changes to the application, you have to rebuild the test environment by running `docker compose up -d --build` again.

Dockerfile

@@ -1,53 +1,54 @@
+# This file uses multi-stage builds to build the application from source, including the front-end
+
 # Tags passed to "go build"
 ARG BUILD_TAGS=""
 
 # Stage 1: Build Frontend
 FROM node:22-alpine AS frontend-builder
-WORKDIR /app/frontend
+WORKDIR /build
 COPY ./frontend/package*.json ./
 RUN npm ci
 COPY ./frontend ./
-RUN npm run build
-RUN npm prune --production
+RUN BUILD_OUTPUT_PATH=dist npm run build
 
 # Stage 2: Build Backend
 FROM golang:1.24-alpine AS backend-builder
 ARG BUILD_TAGS
-WORKDIR /app/backend
+WORKDIR /build
 COPY ./backend/go.mod ./backend/go.sum ./
 RUN go mod download
 
-RUN apk add --no-cache gcc musl-dev
-
 COPY ./backend ./
-WORKDIR /app/backend/cmd
-RUN CGO_ENABLED=1 \
+COPY --from=frontend-builder /build/dist ./frontend/dist
+COPY .version .version
+
+WORKDIR /build/cmd
+RUN VERSION=$(cat /build/.version) \ 
+  CGO_ENABLED=0 \
   GOOS=linux \
   go build \
-  -tags "${BUILD_TAGS}" \
-  -o /app/backend/pocket-id-backend \
-  .
+    -tags "${BUILD_TAGS}" \
+    -ldflags="-X github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common.Version=${VERSION} -buildid=${VERSION}" \
+    -trimpath \
+    -o /build/pocket-id-backend \
+    .
 
 # Stage 3: Production Image
-FROM node:22-alpine
-# Delete default node user
-RUN deluser --remove-home node
-
-RUN apk add --no-cache caddy curl su-exec
-COPY ./reverse-proxy /etc/caddy/
-
+FROM alpine
 WORKDIR /app
-COPY --from=frontend-builder /app/frontend/build ./frontend/build
-COPY --from=frontend-builder /app/frontend/node_modules ./frontend/node_modules
-COPY --from=frontend-builder /app/frontend/package.json ./frontend/package.json
 
-COPY --from=backend-builder /app/backend/pocket-id-backend ./backend/pocket-id-backend
+RUN apk add --no-cache curl su-exec
 
-COPY ./scripts ./scripts
-RUN chmod +x ./scripts/**/*.sh
+COPY --from=backend-builder /build/pocket-id-backend /app/pocket-id
+COPY ./scripts/docker /app/docker
 
-EXPOSE 80
+RUN chmod +x /app/pocket-id && \
+  find /app/docker -name "*.sh" -exec chmod +x {} \;
+
+EXPOSE 1411
 ENV APP_ENV=production
 
-ENTRYPOINT ["sh", "./scripts/docker/create-user.sh"]
-CMD ["sh", "./scripts/docker/entrypoint.sh"]
+HEALTHCHECK --interval=90s --timeout=5s --start-period=10s --retries=3 CMD [ "/app/pocket-id", "healthcheck" ]
+
+ENTRYPOINT ["sh", "/app/docker/entrypoint.sh"]
+CMD ["/app/pocket-id"]

Dockerfile-distroless

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# This Dockerfile embeds a pre-built binary for the given Linux architecture
+# Binaries must be built using "./scripts/development/build-binaries.sh --docker-only"
+
+FROM gcr.io/distroless/static-debian12:nonroot
+
+# TARGETARCH can be "amd64" or "arm64"
+ARG TARGETARCH
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+COPY ./backend/.bin/pocket-id-linux-${TARGETARCH} /app/pocket-id
+
+EXPOSE 1411
+ENV APP_ENV=production
+
+HEALTHCHECK --interval=90s --timeout=5s --start-period=10s --retries=3 CMD [ "/app/pocket-id", "healthcheck" ]
+
+CMD ["/app/pocket-id"]

Dockerfile-prebuilt

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# This Dockerfile embeds a pre-built binary for the given Linux architecture
+# Binaries must be built using "./scripts/development/build-binaries.sh --docker-only"
+
+FROM alpine
+
+# TARGETARCH can be "amd64" or "arm64"
+ARG TARGETARCH
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+RUN apk add --no-cache curl su-exec
+
+COPY ./backend/.bin/pocket-id-linux-${TARGETARCH} /app/pocket-id
+COPY ./scripts/docker /app/docker
+
+EXPOSE 1411
+ENV APP_ENV=production
+
+HEALTHCHECK --interval=90s --timeout=5s --start-period=10s --retries=3 CMD [ "/app/pocket-id", "healthcheck" ]
+
+ENTRYPOINT ["/app/docker/entrypoint.sh"]
+CMD ["/app/pocket-id"]

backend/.air.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+root = "."
+tmp_dir = ".bin"
+
+[build]
+  bin = "./.bin/pocket-id"
+  cmd = "CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -o ./.bin/pocket-id ./cmd"
+  exclude_dir = ["resources", ".bin", "data"]
+  exclude_regex = [".*_test\\.go"]
+  stop_on_error = true
+
+[misc]
+  clean_on_exit = true

backend/.env.development-example

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Sample .env file for development
+# All environment variables can be found on https://pocket-id.org/docs/configuration/environment-variables
+
+APP_ENV=development
+# Set the APP_URL to the URL where the frontend is listening
+# In the development environment the backend gets proxied by the frontend
+APP_URL=http://localhost:3000
+PORT=1411
+MAXMIND_LICENSE_KEY=your_license_key

backend/.env.example

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-APP_ENV=production
-PUBLIC_APP_URL=http://localhost
-# /!\ If PUBLIC_APP_URL is not a localhost address, it must be HTTPS
-DB_PROVIDER=sqlite
-# MAXMIND_LICENSE_KEY=fixme # needed for IP geolocation in the audit log
-SQLITE_DB_PATH=data/pocket-id.db
-POSTGRES_CONNECTION_STRING=postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost:5432/pocket-id
-UPLOAD_PATH=data/uploads
-PORT=8080
-HOST=0.0.0.0

backend/.gitignore

@@ -15,3 +15,4 @@
 # vendor/
 ./data
 .env
+pocket-id

backend/cmd/main.go

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/bootstrap"
+	_ "time/tzdata"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/cmds"
 )
 
 // @title Pocket ID API
@@ -9,5 +11,5 @@ import (
 // @description.markdown
 
 func main() {
-	bootstrap.Bootstrap()
+	cmds.Execute()
 }

backend/frontend/frontend_excluded.go

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//go:build exclude_frontend
+
+package frontend
+
+import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+
+func RegisterFrontend(router *gin.Engine) error {
+	return ErrFrontendNotIncluded
+}

backend/frontend/frontend_included.go

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+//go:build !exclude_frontend
+
+package frontend
+
+import (
+	"embed"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/fs"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+//go:embed all:dist/*
+var frontendFS embed.FS
+
+func RegisterFrontend(router *gin.Engine) error {
+	distFS, err := fs.Sub(frontendFS, "dist")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create sub FS: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	cacheMaxAge := time.Hour * 24
+	fileServer := NewFileServerWithCaching(http.FS(distFS), int(cacheMaxAge.Seconds()))
+
+	router.NoRoute(func(c *gin.Context) {
+		// Try to serve the requested file
+		path := strings.TrimPrefix(c.Request.URL.Path, "/")
+		if _, err := fs.Stat(distFS, path); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			// File doesn't exist, serve index.html instead
+			c.Request.URL.Path = "/"
+		}
+
+		fileServer.ServeHTTP(c.Writer, c.Request)
+	})
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// FileServerWithCaching wraps http.FileServer to add caching headers
+type FileServerWithCaching struct {
+	root                    http.FileSystem
+	lastModified            time.Time
+	cacheMaxAge             int
+	lastModifiedHeaderValue string
+	cacheControlHeaderValue string
+}
+
+func NewFileServerWithCaching(root http.FileSystem, maxAge int) *FileServerWithCaching {
+	return &FileServerWithCaching{
+		root:                    root,
+		lastModified:            time.Now(),
+		cacheMaxAge:             maxAge,
+		lastModifiedHeaderValue: time.Now().UTC().Format(http.TimeFormat),
+		cacheControlHeaderValue: fmt.Sprintf("public, max-age=%d", maxAge),
+	}
+}
+
+func (f *FileServerWithCaching) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	// Check if the client has a cached version
+	if ifModifiedSince := r.Header.Get("If-Modified-Since"); ifModifiedSince != "" {
+		ifModifiedSinceTime, err := time.Parse(http.TimeFormat, ifModifiedSince)
+		if err == nil && f.lastModified.Before(ifModifiedSinceTime.Add(1*time.Second)) {
+			// Client's cached version is up to date
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotModified)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	w.Header().Set("Last-Modified", f.lastModifiedHeaderValue)
+	w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", f.cacheControlHeaderValue)
+
+	http.FileServer(f.root).ServeHTTP(w, r)
+}

backend/frontend/shared.go

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package frontend
+
+import "errors"
+
+var ErrFrontendNotIncluded = errors.New("frontend is not included")

backend/go.mod

@@ -4,50 +4,73 @@ go 1.24.0
 
 require (
 	github.com/caarlos0/env/v11 v11.3.1
+	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.2
 	github.com/disintegration/imageorient v0.0.0-20180920195336-8147d86e83ec
 	github.com/disintegration/imaging v1.6.2
 	github.com/emersion/go-sasl v0.0.0-20200509203442-7bfe0ed36a21
 	github.com/emersion/go-smtp v0.21.3
 	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.7.0
 	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.10.0
+	github.com/glebarez/sqlite v1.11.0
 	github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2 v2.15.0
 	github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3 v3.4.10
-	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.24.0
+	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.25.0
 	github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn v0.11.2
 	github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4 v4.18.2
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-uuid v1.0.3
+	github.com/jinzhu/copier v0.4.0
 	github.com/joho/godotenv v1.5.1
-	github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3 v3.0.0-beta1
+	github.com/lestrrat-go/httprc/v3 v3.0.0-beta2
+	github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3 v3.0.1
 	github.com/mileusna/useragent v1.3.5
 	github.com/oschwald/maxminddb-golang/v2 v2.0.0-beta.2
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.9.1
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.36.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/exporters/autoexport v0.59.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/github.com/gin-gonic/gin/otelgin v0.60.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.54.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.35.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.35.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.35.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.35.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.35.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.37.0
 	golang.org/x/image v0.24.0
 	golang.org/x/time v0.9.0
 	gorm.io/driver/postgres v1.5.11
-	gorm.io/driver/sqlite v1.5.7
 	gorm.io/gorm v1.25.12
 )
 
 require (
 	github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.0.0-20221128193559-754e69321358 // indirect
-	github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.12.8 // indirect
+	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.12.10 // indirect
 	github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.2.3 // indirect
+	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cloudwego/base64x v0.1.5 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4 v4.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/disintegration/gift v1.1.2 // indirect
+	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.8 // indirect
 	github.com/gin-contrib/sse v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/glebarez/go-sqlite v1.21.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-asn1-ber/asn1-ber v1.5.7 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-webauthn/x v0.1.16 // indirect
-	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.4 // indirect
+	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.5 // indirect
 	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/google/go-tpm v0.9.3 // indirect
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.26.1 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/errwrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20240606120523-5a60cdf6a761 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgx/v5 v5.7.2 // indirect
@@ -56,12 +79,10 @@ require (
 	github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 // indirect
 	github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect
-	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.9 // indirect
-	github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.10 // indirect
 	github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.4.0 // indirect
-	github.com/lestrrat-go/blackmagic v1.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/lestrrat-go/blackmagic v1.0.3 // indirect
 	github.com/lestrrat-go/httpcc v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/lestrrat-go/httprc/v3 v3.0.0-beta1 // indirect
 	github.com/lestrrat-go/option v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/lib/pq v1.10.9 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
@@ -69,20 +90,51 @@ require (
 	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
+	github.com/ncruces/go-strftime v0.1.9 // indirect
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.3 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.22.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.62.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 // indirect
+	github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec // indirect
 	github.com/robfig/cron/v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/segmentio/asm v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.6 // indirect
 	github.com/twitchyliquid64/golang-asm v0.15.1 // indirect
 	github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.2.12 // indirect
 	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.1.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/prometheus v0.59.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploggrpc v0.10.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploghttp v0.10.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetricgrpc v1.35.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetrichttp v1.35.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.35.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.35.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.35.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/prometheus v0.57.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.10.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.35.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace v1.35.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.10.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.10.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.5.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/atomic v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/arch v0.13.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250106191152-7588d65b2ba8 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/arch v0.14.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250506013437-ce4c2cf36ca6 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/net v0.38.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.12.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.31.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.23.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.4 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.14.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.33.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.24.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20250218202821-56aae31c358a // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250218202821-56aae31c358a // indirect
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.71.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.5 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
+	modernc.org/libc v1.65.6 // indirect
+	modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1 // indirect
+	modernc.org/memory v1.10.0 // indirect
+	modernc.org/sqlite v1.37.0 // indirect
 )

backend/go.sum

@@ -6,17 +6,25 @@ github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 h1:F2VQgta7ecxGYO8k3ZZz3RS8fVIXVxONVUPlNERo
 github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2/go.mod h1:yd8OoFMLzJbo9gZq8j5qaps8bJ9aShtEA8Ipt1oGCvU=
 github.com/alexbrainman/sspi v0.0.0-20231016080023-1a75b4708caa h1:LHTHcTQiSGT7VVbI0o4wBRNQIgn917usHWOd6VAffYI=
 github.com/alexbrainman/sspi v0.0.0-20231016080023-1a75b4708caa/go.mod h1:cEWa1LVoE5KvSD9ONXsZrj0z6KqySlCCNKHlLzbqAt4=
-github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.12.8 h1:4xYRVRlXIgvSZ4e8iVTlMF5szgpXd4AfvuWgA8I8lgs=
-github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.12.8/go.mod h1:uVvFidNmlt9+wa31S1urfwwthTWteBgG0hWuoKAXTx8=
+github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 h1:VlbKKnNfV8bJzeqoa4cOKqO6bYr3WgKZxO8Z16+hsOM=
+github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1/go.mod h1:G2ZrVWU2WbWT9wwq4/hrbKbnv/1ERSJQ0ibhJ6rlkpw=
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@@ -170,6 +200,10 @@ github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 h1:xBagoLtFs94CBntxluKeaWgTMpvLxC4ur3nMaC9G
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@@ -178,18 +212,31 @@ github.com/oschwald/maxminddb-golang/v2 v2.0.0-beta.2 h1:jG+FaCBv3h6GD5F+oenTfe3
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@@ -211,20 +258,60 @@ github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.2.12/go.mod h1:UNopzCgEMSXjBc6AOMqYvWC1ktqTAfzJZUZ
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@@ -232,10 +319,10 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.13.0/go.mod h1:y6Z2r+Rw4iayiXXAIxJIDAJ1zMW4yaTpebo8fPOliY
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 golang.org/x/crypto v0.31.0/go.mod h1:kDsLvtWBEx7MV9tJOj9bnXsPbxwJQ6csT/x4KIN4Ssk=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.36.0 h1:AnAEvhDddvBdpY+uR+MyHmuZzzNqXSe/GvuDeob5L34=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.36.0/go.mod h1:Y4J0ReaxCR1IMaabaSMugxJES1EpwhBHhv2bDHklZvc=
-golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250106191152-7588d65b2ba8 h1:yqrTHse8TCMW1M1ZCP+VAR/l0kKxwaAIqN/il7x4voA=
-golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250106191152-7588d65b2ba8/go.mod h1:tujkw807nyEEAamNbDrEGzRav+ilXA7PCRAd6xsmwiU=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.37.0 h1:kJNSjF/Xp7kU0iB2Z+9viTPMW4EqqsrywMXLJOOsXSE=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.37.0/go.mod h1:vg+k43peMZ0pUMhYmVAWysMK35e6ioLh3wB8ZCAfbVc=
+golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250506013437-ce4c2cf36ca6 h1:y5zboxd6LQAqYIhHnB48p0ByQ/GnQx2BE33L8BOHQkI=
+golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250506013437-ce4c2cf36ca6/go.mod h1:U6Lno4MTRCDY+Ba7aCcauB9T60gsv5s4ralQzP72ZoQ=
 golang.org/x/image v0.0.0-20191009234506-e7c1f5e7dbb8/go.mod h1:FeLwcggjj3mMvU+oOTbSwawSJRM1uh48EjtB4UJZlP0=
 golang.org/x/image v0.24.0 h1:AN7zRgVsbvmTfNyqIbbOraYL8mSwcKncEj8ofjgzcMQ=
 golang.org/x/image v0.24.0/go.mod h1:4b/ITuLfqYq1hqZcjofwctIhi7sZh2WaCjvsBNjjya8=
@@ -244,6 +331,8 @@ golang.org/x/mod v0.8.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.12.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.15.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.17.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.24.0 h1:ZfthKaKaT4NrhGVZHO1/WDTwGES4De8KtWO0SIbNJMU=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.24.0/go.mod h1:IXM97Txy2VM4PJ3gI61r1YEk/gAj6zAHN3AdZt6S9Ww=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190620200207-3b0461eec859/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200114155413-6afb5195e5aa/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210226172049-e18ecbb05110/go.mod h1:m0MpNAwzfU5UDzcl9v0D8zg8gWTRqZa9RBIspLL5mdg=
@@ -264,8 +353,8 @@ golang.org/x/sync v0.3.0/go.mod h1:FU7BRWz2tNW+3quACPkgCx/L+uEAv1htQ0V83Z9Rj+Y=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.10.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.12.0 h1:MHc5BpPuC30uJk597Ri8TV3CNZcTLu6B6z4lJy+g6Jw=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.12.0/go.mod h1:1dzgHSNfp02xaA81J2MS99Qcpr2w7fw1gpm99rleRqA=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.14.0 h1:woo0S4Yywslg6hp4eUFjTVOyKt0RookbpAHG4c1HmhQ=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.14.0/go.mod h1:1dzgHSNfp02xaA81J2MS99Qcpr2w7fw1gpm99rleRqA=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201119102817-f84b799fce68/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210615035016-665e8c7367d1/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
@@ -278,8 +367,8 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.12.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.17.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.20.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.28.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.31.0 h1:ioabZlmFYtWhL+TRYpcnNlLwhyxaM9kWTDEmfnprqik=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.31.0/go.mod h1:BJP2sWEmIv4KK5OTEluFJCKSidICx8ciO85XgH3Ak8k=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.33.0 h1:q3i8TbbEz+JRD9ywIRlyRAQbM0qF7hu24q3teo2hbuw=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.33.0/go.mod h1:BJP2sWEmIv4KK5OTEluFJCKSidICx8ciO85XgH3Ak8k=
 golang.org/x/telemetry v0.0.0-20240228155512-f48c80bd79b2/go.mod h1:TeRTkGYfJXctD9OcfyVLyj2J3IxLnKwHJR8f4D8a3YE=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210927222741-03fcf44c2211/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
@@ -298,8 +387,8 @@ golang.org/x/text v0.13.0/go.mod h1:TvPlkZtksWOMsz7fbANvkp4WM8x/WCo/om8BMLbz+aE=
 golang.org/x/text v0.14.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=
 golang.org/x/text v0.15.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=
 golang.org/x/text v0.21.0/go.mod h1:4IBbMaMmOPCJ8SecivzSH54+73PCFmPWxNTLm+vZkEQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.23.0 h1:D71I7dUrlY+VX0gQShAThNGHFxZ13dGLBHQLVl1mJlY=
-golang.org/x/text v0.23.0/go.mod h1:/BLNzu4aZCJ1+kcD0DNRotWKage4q2rGVAg4o22unh4=
+golang.org/x/text v0.24.0 h1:dd5Bzh4yt5KYA8f9CJHCP4FB4D51c2c6JvN37xJJkJ0=
+golang.org/x/text v0.24.0/go.mod h1:L8rBsPeo2pSS+xqN0d5u2ikmjtmoJbDBT1b7nHvFCdU=
 golang.org/x/time v0.9.0 h1:EsRrnYcQiGH+5FfbgvV4AP7qEZstoyrHB0DzarOQ4ZY=
 golang.org/x/time v0.9.0/go.mod h1:3BpzKBy/shNhVucY/MWOyx10tF3SFh9QdLuxbVysPQM=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
@@ -308,9 +397,17 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.1.12/go.mod h1:hNGJHUnrk76NpqgfD5Aqm5Crs+Hm0VOH/i9J2+nxYbc
 golang.org/x/tools v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Xwgl3UAJ/d3gWutnCtw505GrjyAbvKui8lOU390QaIU=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.13.0/go.mod h1:HvlwmtVNQAhOuCjW7xxvovg8wbNq7LwfXh/k7wXUl58=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.21.1-0.20240508182429-e35e4ccd0d2d/go.mod h1:aiJjzUbINMkxbQROHiO6hDPo2LHcIPhhQsa9DLh0yGk=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.33.0 h1:4qz2S3zmRxbGIhDIAgjxvFutSvH5EfnsYrRBj0UI0bc=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.33.0/go.mod h1:CIJMaWEY88juyUfo7UbgPqbC8rU2OqfAV1h2Qp0oMYI=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.4 h1:6A3ZDJHn/eNqc1i+IdefRzy/9PokBTPvcqMySR7NNIM=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.4/go.mod h1:9fA7Ob0pmnwhb644+1+CVWFRbNajQ6iRojtC/QF5bRE=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20250218202821-56aae31c358a h1:nwKuGPlUAt+aR+pcrkfFRrTU1BVrSmYyYMxYbUIVHr0=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20250218202821-56aae31c358a/go.mod h1:3kWAYMk1I75K4vykHtKt2ycnOgpA6974V7bREqbsenU=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250218202821-56aae31c358a h1:51aaUVRocpvUOSQKM6Q7VuoaktNIaMCLuhZB6DKksq4=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250218202821-56aae31c358a/go.mod h1:uRxBH1mhmO8PGhU89cMcHaXKZqO+OfakD8QQO0oYwlQ=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.71.0 h1:kF77BGdPTQ4/JZWMlb9VpJ5pa25aqvVqogsxNHHdeBg=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.71.0/go.mod h1:H0GRtasmQOh9LkFoCPDu3ZrwUtD1YGE+b2vYBYd/8Ec=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.5 h1:tPhr+woSbjfYvY6/GPufUoYizxw1cF/yFoxJ2fmpwlM=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.5/go.mod h1:9fA7Ob0pmnwhb644+1+CVWFRbNajQ6iRojtC/QF5bRE=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c h1:Hei/4ADfdWqJk1ZMxUNpqntNwaWcugrBjAiHlqqRiVk=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c/go.mod h1:JHkPIbrfpd72SG/EVd6muEfDQjcINNoR0C8j2r3qZ4Q=
@@ -320,8 +417,30 @@ gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gorm.io/driver/postgres v1.5.11 h1:ubBVAfbKEUld/twyKZ0IYn9rSQh448EdelLYk9Mv314=
 gorm.io/driver/postgres v1.5.11/go.mod h1:DX3GReXH+3FPWGrrgffdvCk3DQ1dwDPdmbenSkweRGI=
-gorm.io/driver/sqlite v1.5.7 h1:8NvsrhP0ifM7LX9G4zPB97NwovUakUxc+2V2uuf3Z1I=
-gorm.io/driver/sqlite v1.5.7/go.mod h1:U+J8craQU6Fzkcvu8oLeAQmi50TkwPEhHDEjQZXDah4=
 gorm.io/gorm v1.25.12 h1:I0u8i2hWQItBq1WfE0o2+WuL9+8L21K9e2HHSTE/0f8=
 gorm.io/gorm v1.25.12/go.mod h1:xh7N7RHfYlNc5EmcI/El95gXusucDrQnHXe0+CgWcLQ=
+modernc.org/cc/v4 v4.26.1 h1:+X5NtzVBn0KgsBCBe+xkDC7twLb/jNVj9FPgiwSQO3s=
+modernc.org/cc/v4 v4.26.1/go.mod h1:uVtb5OGqUKpoLWhqwNQo/8LwvoiEBLvZXIQ/SmO6mL0=
+modernc.org/ccgo/v4 v4.28.0 h1:rjznn6WWehKq7dG4JtLRKxb52Ecv8OUGah8+Z/SfpNU=
+modernc.org/ccgo/v4 v4.28.0/go.mod h1:JygV3+9AV6SmPhDasu4JgquwU81XAKLd3OKTUDNOiKE=
+modernc.org/fileutil v1.3.1 h1:8vq5fe7jdtEvoCf3Zf9Nm0Q05sH6kGx0Op2CPx1wTC8=
+modernc.org/fileutil v1.3.1/go.mod h1:HxmghZSZVAz/LXcMNwZPA/DRrQZEVP9VX0V4LQGQFOc=
+modernc.org/gc/v2 v2.6.5 h1:nyqdV8q46KvTpZlsw66kWqwXRHdjIlJOhG6kxiV/9xI=
+modernc.org/gc/v2 v2.6.5/go.mod h1:YgIahr1ypgfe7chRuJi2gD7DBQiKSLMPgBQe9oIiito=
+modernc.org/libc v1.65.6 h1:OhJUhmuJ6MVZdqL5qmnd0/my46DKGFhSX4WOR7ijfyE=
+modernc.org/libc v1.65.6/go.mod h1:MOiGAM9lrMBT9L8xT1nO41qYl5eg9gCp9/kWhz5L7WA=
+modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1 h1:GCZVGXdaN8gTqB1Mf/usp1Y/hSqgI2vAGGP4jZMCxOU=
+modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1/go.mod h1:4p5IwJITfppl0G4sUEDtCr4DthTaT47/N3aT6MhfgJg=
+modernc.org/memory v1.10.0 h1:fzumd51yQ1DxcOxSO+S6X7+QTuVU+n8/Aj7swYjFfC4=
+modernc.org/memory v1.10.0/go.mod h1:/JP4VbVC+K5sU2wZi9bHoq2MAkCnrt2r98UGeSK7Mjw=
+modernc.org/opt v0.1.4 h1:2kNGMRiUjrp4LcaPuLY2PzUfqM/w9N23quVwhKt5Qm8=
+modernc.org/opt v0.1.4/go.mod h1:03fq9lsNfvkYSfxrfUhZCWPk1lm4cq4N+Bh//bEtgns=
+modernc.org/sortutil v1.2.1 h1:+xyoGf15mM3NMlPDnFqrteY07klSFxLElE2PVuWIJ7w=
+modernc.org/sortutil v1.2.1/go.mod h1:7ZI3a3REbai7gzCLcotuw9AC4VZVpYMjDzETGsSMqJE=
+modernc.org/sqlite v1.37.0 h1:s1TMe7T3Q3ovQiK2Ouz4Jwh7dw4ZDqbebSDTlSJdfjI=
+modernc.org/sqlite v1.37.0/go.mod h1:5YiWv+YviqGMuGw4V+PNplcyaJ5v+vQd7TQOgkACoJM=
+modernc.org/strutil v1.2.1 h1:UneZBkQA+DX2Rp35KcM69cSsNES9ly8mQWD71HKlOA0=
+modernc.org/strutil v1.2.1/go.mod h1:EHkiggD70koQxjVdSBM3JKM7k6L0FbGE5eymy9i3B9A=
+modernc.org/token v1.1.0 h1:Xl7Ap9dKaEs5kLoOQeQmPWevfnk/DM5qcLcYlA8ys6Y=
+modernc.org/token v1.1.0/go.mod h1:UGzOrNV1mAFSEB63lOFHIpNRUVMvYTc6yu1SMY/XTDM=
 nullprogram.com/x/optparse v1.0.0/go.mod h1:KdyPE+Igbe0jQUrVfMqDMeJQIJZEuyV7pjYmp6pbG50=

backend/internal/bootstrap/bootstrap.go

@@ -2,25 +2,68 @@ package bootstrap
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"time"
 
 	_ "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/source/file"
 
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/signals"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/job"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
 )
 
-func Bootstrap() {
-	// Get a context that is canceled when the application is stopping
-	ctx := signals.SignalContext(context.Background())
-
+func Bootstrap(ctx context.Context) error {
 	initApplicationImages()
 
-	migrateConfigDBConnstring()
+	// Initialize the tracer and metrics exporter
+	shutdownFns, httpClient, err := initOtel(ctx, common.EnvConfig.MetricsEnabled, common.EnvConfig.TracingEnabled)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize OpenTelemetry: %w", err)
+	}
 
-	db := newDatabase()
-	appConfigService := service.NewAppConfigService(ctx, db)
+	// Connect to the database
+	db := NewDatabase()
 
-	migrateKey()
+	// Create all services
+	svc, err := initServices(ctx, db, httpClient)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize services: %w", err)
+	}
 
-	initRouter(ctx, db, appConfigService)
+	// Init the job scheduler
+	scheduler, err := job.NewScheduler()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create job scheduler: %w", err)
+	}
+	err = registerScheduledJobs(ctx, db, svc, httpClient, scheduler)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register scheduled jobs: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Init the router
+	router := initRouter(db, svc)
+
+	// Run all background services
+	// This call blocks until the context is canceled
+	err = utils.
+		NewServiceRunner(router, scheduler.Run).
+		Run(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to run services: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Invoke all shutdown functions
+	// We give these a timeout of 5s
+	// Note: we use a background context because the run context has been canceled already
+	shutdownCtx, shutdownCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer shutdownCancel()
+	err = utils.
+		NewServiceRunner(shutdownFns...).
+		Run(shutdownCtx) //nolint:contextcheck
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("Error shutting down services: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }

backend/internal/bootstrap/config_migration.go

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-package bootstrap
-
-import (
-	"log"
-
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
-)
-
-// Performs the migration of the database connection string
-// See: https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/pull/388
-func migrateConfigDBConnstring() {
-	switch common.EnvConfig.DbProvider {
-	case common.DbProviderSqlite:
-		// Check if we're using the deprecated SqliteDBPath env var
-		if common.EnvConfig.SqliteDBPath != "" {
-			connString := "file:" + common.EnvConfig.SqliteDBPath + "?_journal_mode=WAL&_busy_timeout=2500&_txlock=immediate"
-			common.EnvConfig.DbConnectionString = connString
-			common.EnvConfig.SqliteDBPath = ""
-
-			log.Printf("[WARN] Env var 'SQLITE_DB_PATH' is deprecated - use 'DB_CONNECTION_STRING' instead with the value: '%s'", connString)
-		}
-	case common.DbProviderPostgres:
-		// Check if we're using the deprecated PostgresConnectionString alias
-		if common.EnvConfig.PostgresConnectionString != "" {
-			common.EnvConfig.DbConnectionString = common.EnvConfig.PostgresConnectionString
-			common.EnvConfig.PostgresConnectionString = ""
-
-			log.Print("[WARN] Env var 'POSTGRES_CONNECTION_STRING' is deprecated - use 'DB_CONNECTION_STRING' instead with the same value")
-		}
-	default:
-		// We don't do anything here in the default case
-		// This is an error, but will be handled later on
-	}
-}

backend/internal/bootstrap/db_bootstrap.go

@@ -4,24 +4,26 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"log"
+	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/glebarez/sqlite"
 	"github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4"
 	"github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/database"
 	postgresMigrate "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/database/postgres"
 	sqliteMigrate "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/database/sqlite3"
 	"github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/source/iofs"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/resources"
 	"gorm.io/driver/postgres"
-	"gorm.io/driver/sqlite"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 	"gorm.io/gorm/logger"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/resources"
 )
 
-func newDatabase() (db *gorm.DB) {
+func NewDatabase() (db *gorm.DB) {
 	db, err := connectDatabase()
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatalf("failed to connect to database: %v", err)
@@ -86,7 +88,11 @@ func connectDatabase() (db *gorm.DB, err error) {
 		if !strings.HasPrefix(common.EnvConfig.DbConnectionString, "file:") {
 			return nil, errors.New("invalid value for env var 'DB_CONNECTION_STRING': does not begin with 'file:'")
 		}
-		dialector = sqlite.Open(common.EnvConfig.DbConnectionString)
+		connString, err := parseSqliteConnectionString(common.EnvConfig.DbConnectionString)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		dialector = sqlite.Open(connString)
 	case common.DbProviderPostgres:
 		if common.EnvConfig.DbConnectionString == "" {
 			return nil, errors.New("missing required env var 'DB_CONNECTION_STRING' for Postgres database")
@@ -112,6 +118,50 @@ func connectDatabase() (db *gorm.DB, err error) {
 	return nil, err
 }
 
+// The official C implementation of SQLite allows some additional properties in the connection string
+// that are not supported in the in the modernc.org/sqlite driver, and which must be passed as PRAGMA args instead.
+// To ensure that people can use similar args as in the C driver, which was also used by Pocket ID
+// previously (via github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3), we are converting some options.
+func parseSqliteConnectionString(connString string) (string, error) {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(connString, "file:") {
+		connString = "file:" + connString
+	}
+
+	connStringUrl, err := url.Parse(connString)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to parse SQLite connection string: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Reference: https://github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3?tab=readme-ov-file#connection-string
+	// This only includes a subset of options, excluding those that are not relevant to us
+	qs := make(url.Values, len(connStringUrl.Query()))
+	for k, v := range connStringUrl.Query() {
+		switch k {
+		case "_auto_vacuum", "_vacuum":
+			qs.Add("_pragma", "auto_vacuum("+v[0]+")")
+		case "_busy_timeout", "_timeout":
+			qs.Add("_pragma", "busy_timeout("+v[0]+")")
+		case "_case_sensitive_like", "_cslike":
+			qs.Add("_pragma", "case_sensitive_like("+v[0]+")")
+		case "_foreign_keys", "_fk":
+			qs.Add("_pragma", "foreign_keys("+v[0]+")")
+		case "_locking_mode", "_locking":
+			qs.Add("_pragma", "locking_mode("+v[0]+")")
+		case "_secure_delete":
+			qs.Add("_pragma", "secure_delete("+v[0]+")")
+		case "_synchronous", "_sync":
+			qs.Add("_pragma", "synchronous("+v[0]+")")
+		default:
+			// Pass other query-string args as-is
+			qs[k] = v
+		}
+	}
+
+	connStringUrl.RawQuery = qs.Encode()
+
+	return connStringUrl.String(), nil
+}
+
 func getLogger() logger.Interface {
 	isProduction := common.EnvConfig.AppEnv == "production"
 

backend/internal/bootstrap/db_bootstrap_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+package bootstrap
+
+import (
+	"net/url"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestParseSqliteConnectionString(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		input         string
+		expected      string
+		expectedError bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "basic file path",
+			input:    "file:test.db",
+			expected: "file:test.db",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "adds file: prefix if missing",
+			input:    "test.db",
+			expected: "file:test.db",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "converts _busy_timeout to pragma",
+			input:    "file:test.db?_busy_timeout=5000",
+			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%285000%29",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "converts _timeout to pragma",
+			input:    "file:test.db?_timeout=5000",
+			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=busy_timeout%285000%29",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "converts _foreign_keys to pragma",
+			input:    "file:test.db?_foreign_keys=1",
+			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "converts _fk to pragma",
+			input:    "file:test.db?_fk=1",
+			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "converts _synchronous to pragma",
+			input:    "file:test.db?_synchronous=NORMAL",
+			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=synchronous%28NORMAL%29",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "converts _sync to pragma",
+			input:    "file:test.db?_sync=NORMAL",
+			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=synchronous%28NORMAL%29",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "converts _auto_vacuum to pragma",
+			input:    "file:test.db?_auto_vacuum=FULL",
+			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=auto_vacuum%28FULL%29",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "converts _vacuum to pragma",
+			input:    "file:test.db?_vacuum=FULL",
+			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=auto_vacuum%28FULL%29",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "converts _case_sensitive_like to pragma",
+			input:    "file:test.db?_case_sensitive_like=1",
+			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=case_sensitive_like%281%29",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "converts _cslike to pragma",
+			input:    "file:test.db?_cslike=1",
+			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=case_sensitive_like%281%29",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "converts _locking_mode to pragma",
+			input:    "file:test.db?_locking_mode=EXCLUSIVE",
+			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=locking_mode%28EXCLUSIVE%29",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "converts _locking to pragma",
+			input:    "file:test.db?_locking=EXCLUSIVE",
+			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=locking_mode%28EXCLUSIVE%29",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "converts _secure_delete to pragma",
+			input:    "file:test.db?_secure_delete=1",
+			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=secure_delete%281%29",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "preserves unrecognized parameters",
+			input:    "file:test.db?mode=rw&cache=shared",
+			expected: "file:test.db?cache=shared&mode=rw",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "handles multiple parameters",
+			input:    "file:test.db?_fk=1&mode=rw&_timeout=5000",
+			expected: "file:test.db?_pragma=foreign_keys%281%29&_pragma=busy_timeout%285000%29&mode=rw",
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "invalid URL format",
+			input:         "file:invalid#$%^&*@test.db",
+			expectedError: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result, err := parseSqliteConnectionString(tt.input)
+
+			if tt.expectedError {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+				return
+			}
+
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Parse both URLs to compare components independently
+			expectedURL, err := url.Parse(tt.expected)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			resultURL, err := url.Parse(result)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Compare scheme and path components
+			assert.Equal(t, expectedURL.Scheme, resultURL.Scheme)
+			assert.Equal(t, expectedURL.Path, resultURL.Path)
+
+			// Compare query parameters regardless of order
+			expectedQuery := expectedURL.Query()
+			resultQuery := resultURL.Query()
+
+			assert.Len(t, expectedQuery, len(resultQuery))
+
+			for key, expectedValues := range expectedQuery {
+				resultValues, ok := resultQuery[key]
+				_ = assert.True(t, ok) &&
+					assert.ElementsMatch(t, expectedValues, resultValues)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

backend/internal/bootstrap/e2etest_router_bootstrap.go

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 package bootstrap
 
 import (
+	"log"
+
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 
@@ -12,9 +14,14 @@ import (
 
 // When building for E2E tests, add the e2etest controller
 func init() {
-	registerTestControllers = []func(apiGroup *gin.RouterGroup, db *gorm.DB, appConfigService *service.AppConfigService, jwtService *service.JwtService){
-		func(apiGroup *gin.RouterGroup, db *gorm.DB, appConfigService *service.AppConfigService, jwtService *service.JwtService) {
-			testService := service.NewTestService(db, appConfigService, jwtService)
+	registerTestControllers = []func(apiGroup *gin.RouterGroup, db *gorm.DB, svc *services){
+		func(apiGroup *gin.RouterGroup, db *gorm.DB, svc *services) {
+			testService, err := service.NewTestService(db, svc.appConfigService, svc.jwtService, svc.ldapService)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Fatalf("failed to initialize test service: %v", err)
+				return
+			}
+
 			controller.NewTestController(apiGroup, testService)
 		},
 	}

backend/internal/bootstrap/jwk_migration.go

@@ -1,136 +0,0 @@
-package bootstrap
-
-import (
-	"crypto/sha256"
-	"crypto/x509"
-	"encoding/base64"
-	"fmt"
-	"log"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-
-	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3/jwk"
-
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
-)
-
-const (
-	privateKeyFilePem = "jwt_private_key.pem"
-)
-
-func migrateKey() {
-	err := migrateKeyInternal(common.EnvConfig.KeysPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("failed to perform migration of keys: %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func migrateKeyInternal(basePath string) error {
-	// First, check if there's already a JWK stored
-	jwkPath := filepath.Join(basePath, service.PrivateKeyFile)
-	ok, err := utils.FileExists(jwkPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to check if private key file (JWK) exists at path '%s': %w", jwkPath, err)
-	}
-	if ok {
-		// There's already a key as JWK, so we don't do anything else here
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// Check if there's a PEM file
-	pemPath := filepath.Join(basePath, privateKeyFilePem)
-	ok, err = utils.FileExists(pemPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to check if private key file (PEM) exists at path '%s': %w", pemPath, err)
-	}
-	if !ok {
-		// No file to migrate, return
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// Load and validate the key
-	key, err := loadKeyPEM(pemPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load private key file (PEM) at path '%s': %w", pemPath, err)
-	}
-	err = service.ValidateKey(key)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("key object is invalid: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Save the key as JWK
-	err = service.SaveKeyJWK(key, jwkPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to save private key file at path '%s': %w", jwkPath, err)
-	}
-
-	// Finally, delete the PEM file
-	err = os.Remove(pemPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove migrated key at path '%s': %w", pemPath, err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func loadKeyPEM(path string) (jwk.Key, error) {
-	// Load the key from disk and parse it
-	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read key data: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	key, err := jwk.ParseKey(data, jwk.WithPEM(true))
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse key: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Populate the key ID using the "legacy" algorithm
-	keyId, err := generateKeyID(key)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to generate key ID: %w", err)
-	}
-	err = key.Set(jwk.KeyIDKey, keyId)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to set key ID: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Populate other required fields
-	_ = key.Set(jwk.KeyUsageKey, service.KeyUsageSigning)
-	service.EnsureAlgInKey(key)
-
-	return key, nil
-}
-
-// generateKeyID generates a Key ID for the public key using the first 8 bytes of the SHA-256 hash of the public key's PKIX-serialized structure.
-// This is used for legacy keys, imported from PEM.
-func generateKeyID(key jwk.Key) (string, error) {
-	// Export the public key and serialize it to PKIX (not in a PEM block)
-	// This is for backwards-compatibility with the algorithm used before the switch to JWK
-	pubKey, err := key.PublicKey()
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get public key: %w", err)
-	}
-	var pubKeyRaw any
-	err = jwk.Export(pubKey, &pubKeyRaw)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to export public key: %w", err)
-	}
-	pubASN1, err := x509.MarshalPKIXPublicKey(pubKeyRaw)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal public key: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Compute SHA-256 hash of the public key
-	hash := sha256.New()
-	hash.Write(pubASN1)
-	hashed := hash.Sum(nil)
-
-	// Truncate the hash to the first 8 bytes for a shorter Key ID
-	shortHash := hashed[:8]
-
-	// Return Base64 encoded truncated hash as Key ID
-	return base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(shortHash), nil
-}

backend/internal/bootstrap/jwk_migration_test.go

@@ -1,190 +0,0 @@
-package bootstrap
-
-import (
-	"crypto/rand"
-	"crypto/rsa"
-	"crypto/x509"
-	"encoding/pem"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3/jwa"
-	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3/jwk"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
-)
-
-func TestMigrateKey(t *testing.T) {
-	// Create a temporary directory for testing
-	tempDir := t.TempDir()
-
-	t.Run("no keys exist", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// Test when no keys exist
-		err := migrateKeyInternal(tempDir)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("jwk already exists", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// Create a JWK file
-		jwkPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, service.PrivateKeyFile)
-		key, err := createTestRSAKey()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		err = service.SaveKeyJWK(key, jwkPath)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		// Run migration - should do nothing
-		err = migrateKeyInternal(tempDir)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		// Check the file still exists
-		exists, err := utils.FileExists(jwkPath)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.True(t, exists)
-
-		// Delete for next test
-		err = os.Remove(jwkPath)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("migrate pem to jwk", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// Create a PEM file
-		pemPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, privateKeyFilePem)
-		jwkPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, service.PrivateKeyFile)
-
-		// Generate RSA key and save as PEM
-		createRSAPrivateKeyPEM(t, pemPath)
-
-		// Run migration
-		err := migrateKeyInternal(tempDir)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		// Check PEM file is gone
-		exists, err := utils.FileExists(pemPath)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.False(t, exists)
-
-		// Check JWK file exists
-		exists, err = utils.FileExists(jwkPath)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.True(t, exists)
-
-		// Verify the JWK can be loaded
-		data, err := os.ReadFile(jwkPath)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		_, err = jwk.ParseKey(data)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-	})
-}
-
-func TestLoadKeyPEM(t *testing.T) {
-	// Create a temporary directory for testing
-	tempDir := t.TempDir()
-
-	t.Run("successfully load PEM key", func(t *testing.T) {
-		pemPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "test_key.pem")
-
-		// Generate RSA key and save as PEM
-		createRSAPrivateKeyPEM(t, pemPath)
-
-		// Load the key
-		key, err := loadKeyPEM(pemPath)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		// Verify key properties
-		assert.NotEmpty(t, key)
-
-		// Check key ID is set
-		var keyID string
-		err = key.Get(jwk.KeyIDKey, &keyID)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.NotEmpty(t, keyID)
-
-		// Check algorithm is set
-		var alg jwa.SignatureAlgorithm
-		err = key.Get(jwk.AlgorithmKey, &alg)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.NotEmpty(t, alg)
-
-		// Check key usage is set
-		var keyUsage string
-		err = key.Get(jwk.KeyUsageKey, &keyUsage)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, service.KeyUsageSigning, keyUsage)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("file not found", func(t *testing.T) {
-		key, err := loadKeyPEM(filepath.Join(tempDir, "nonexistent.pem"))
-		require.Error(t, err)
-		assert.Nil(t, key)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("invalid file content", func(t *testing.T) {
-		invalidPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "invalid.pem")
-		err := os.WriteFile(invalidPath, []byte("not a valid PEM"), 0600)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		key, err := loadKeyPEM(invalidPath)
-		require.Error(t, err)
-		assert.Nil(t, key)
-	})
-}
-
-func TestGenerateKeyID(t *testing.T) {
-	key, err := createTestRSAKey()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	keyID, err := generateKeyID(key)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	// Key ID should be non-empty
-	assert.NotEmpty(t, keyID)
-
-	// Generate another key ID to prove it depends on the key
-	key2, err := createTestRSAKey()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	keyID2, err := generateKeyID(key2)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	// The two key IDs should be different
-	assert.NotEqual(t, keyID, keyID2)
-}
-
-// Helper functions
-
-func createTestRSAKey() (jwk.Key, error) {
-	privateKey, err := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, 2048)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	key, err := jwk.Import(privateKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return key, nil
-}
-
-// createRSAPrivateKeyPEM generates an RSA private key and returns its PEM-encoded form
-func createRSAPrivateKeyPEM(t *testing.T, pemPath string) ([]byte, *rsa.PrivateKey) {
-	// Generate RSA key
-	privKey, err := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, 2048)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	// Encode to PEM format
-	pemData := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
-		Type:  "RSA PRIVATE KEY",
-		Bytes: x509.MarshalPKCS1PrivateKey(privKey),
-	})
-
-	err = os.WriteFile(pemPath, pemData, 0600)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	return pemData, privKey
-}

backend/internal/bootstrap/otel_boostrap.go

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+package bootstrap
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/exporters/autoexport"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
+	metricnoop "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/noop"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/propagation"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/resource"
+	sdktrace "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace"
+	semconv "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/semconv/v1.30.0"
+	tracenoop "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace/noop"
+)
+
+func defaultResource() (*resource.Resource, error) {
+	return resource.Merge(
+		resource.Default(),
+		resource.NewSchemaless(
+			semconv.ServiceName("pocket-id-backend"),
+			semconv.ServiceVersion(common.Version),
+		),
+	)
+}
+
+func initOtel(ctx context.Context, metrics, traces bool) (shutdownFns []utils.Service, httpClient *http.Client, err error) {
+	resource, err := defaultResource()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create OpenTelemetry resource: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	shutdownFns = make([]utils.Service, 0, 2)
+
+	httpClient = &http.Client{}
+	defaultTransport, ok := http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport)
+	if !ok {
+		// Indicates a development-time error
+		panic("Default transport is not of type *http.Transport")
+	}
+	httpClient.Transport = defaultTransport.Clone()
+
+	if traces {
+		tr, err := autoexport.NewSpanExporter(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize OpenTelemetry span exporter: %w", err)
+		}
+		tp := sdktrace.NewTracerProvider(
+			sdktrace.WithResource(resource),
+			sdktrace.WithBatcher(tr),
+		)
+
+		otel.SetTracerProvider(tp)
+		otel.SetTextMapPropagator(
+			propagation.NewCompositeTextMapPropagator(
+				propagation.TraceContext{},
+				propagation.Baggage{},
+			),
+		)
+
+		shutdownFns = append(shutdownFns, func(shutdownCtx context.Context) error { //nolint:contextcheck
+			tpCtx, tpCancel := context.WithTimeout(shutdownCtx, 10*time.Second)
+			defer tpCancel()
+			shutdownErr := tp.Shutdown(tpCtx)
+			if shutdownErr != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to gracefully shut down traces exporter: %w", shutdownErr)
+			}
+			return nil
+		})
+
+		httpClient.Transport = otelhttp.NewTransport(httpClient.Transport)
+	} else {
+		otel.SetTracerProvider(tracenoop.NewTracerProvider())
+	}
+
+	if metrics {
+		mr, err := autoexport.NewMetricReader(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize OpenTelemetry metric reader: %w", err)
+		}
+		mp := metric.NewMeterProvider(
+			metric.WithResource(resource),
+			metric.WithReader(mr),
+		)
+
+		otel.SetMeterProvider(mp)
+		shutdownFns = append(shutdownFns, func(shutdownCtx context.Context) error { //nolint:contextcheck
+			mpCtx, mpCancel := context.WithTimeout(shutdownCtx, 10*time.Second)
+			defer mpCancel()
+			shutdownErr := mp.Shutdown(mpCtx)
+			if shutdownErr != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to gracefully shut down metrics exporter: %w", shutdownErr)
+			}
+			return nil
+		})
+	} else {
+		otel.SetMeterProvider(metricnoop.NewMeterProvider())
+	}
+
+	return shutdownFns, httpClient, nil
+}

backend/internal/bootstrap/router_bootstrap.go

@@ -2,34 +2,42 @@ package bootstrap
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"log"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/frontend"
+
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/controller"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/job"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/middleware"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/systemd"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/github.com/gin-gonic/gin/otelgin"
 	"golang.org/x/time/rate"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/controller"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/systemd"
 )
 
 // This is used to register additional controllers for tests
-var registerTestControllers []func(apiGroup *gin.RouterGroup, db *gorm.DB, appConfigService *service.AppConfigService, jwtService *service.JwtService)
+var registerTestControllers []func(apiGroup *gin.RouterGroup, db *gorm.DB, svc *services)
 
-func initRouter(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, appConfigService *service.AppConfigService) {
-	err := initRouterInternal(ctx, db, appConfigService)
+func initRouter(db *gorm.DB, svc *services) utils.Service {
+	runner, err := initRouterInternal(db, svc)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatalf("failed to init router: %v", err)
 	}
+	return runner
 }
 
-func initRouterInternal(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, appConfigService *service.AppConfigService) error {
+func initRouterInternal(db *gorm.DB, svc *services) (utils.Service, error) {
 	// Set the appropriate Gin mode based on the environment
 	switch common.EnvConfig.AppEnv {
 	case "production":
@@ -40,130 +48,147 @@ func initRouterInternal(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, appConfigService *serv
 		gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	}
 
-	r := gin.Default()
-	r.Use(gin.Logger())
-
-	// Initialize services
-	emailService, err := service.NewEmailService(appConfigService, db)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create email service: %w", err)
+	// do not log these URLs
+	loggerSkipPathsPrefix := []string{
+		"GET /application-configuration/logo",
+		"GET /application-configuration/background-image",
+		"GET /application-configuration/favicon",
+		"GET /_app",
+		"GET /fonts",
+		"GET /healthz",
+		"HEAD /healthz",
 	}
 
-	geoLiteService := service.NewGeoLiteService(ctx)
-	auditLogService := service.NewAuditLogService(db, appConfigService, emailService, geoLiteService)
-	jwtService := service.NewJwtService(appConfigService)
-	webauthnService := service.NewWebAuthnService(db, jwtService, auditLogService, appConfigService)
-	userService := service.NewUserService(db, jwtService, auditLogService, emailService, appConfigService)
-	customClaimService := service.NewCustomClaimService(db)
-	oidcService := service.NewOidcService(db, jwtService, appConfigService, auditLogService, customClaimService)
-	userGroupService := service.NewUserGroupService(db, appConfigService)
-	ldapService := service.NewLdapService(db, appConfigService, userService, userGroupService)
-	apiKeyService := service.NewApiKeyService(db, emailService)
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(gin.LoggerWithConfig(gin.LoggerConfig{Skip: func(c *gin.Context) bool {
+		for _, prefix := range loggerSkipPathsPrefix {
+			if strings.HasPrefix(c.Request.Method+" "+c.Request.URL.String(), prefix) {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+		return false
+	}}))
 
-	rateLimitMiddleware := middleware.NewRateLimitMiddleware()
+	if !common.EnvConfig.TrustProxy {
+		_ = r.SetTrustedProxies(nil)
+	}
+
+	if common.EnvConfig.TracingEnabled {
+		r.Use(otelgin.Middleware("pocket-id-backend"))
+	}
+
+	rateLimitMiddleware := middleware.NewRateLimitMiddleware().Add(rate.Every(time.Second), 60)
 
 	// Setup global middleware
 	r.Use(middleware.NewCorsMiddleware().Add())
 	r.Use(middleware.NewErrorHandlerMiddleware().Add())
-	r.Use(rateLimitMiddleware.Add(rate.Every(time.Second), 60))
 
-	scheduler, err := job.NewScheduler()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create job scheduler: %w", err)
+	err := frontend.RegisterFrontend(r)
+	if errors.Is(err, frontend.ErrFrontendNotIncluded) {
+		log.Println("Frontend is not included in the build. Skipping frontend registration.")
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to register frontend: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	err = scheduler.RegisterLdapJobs(ctx, ldapService, appConfigService)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register LDAP jobs in scheduler: %w", err)
-	}
-	err = scheduler.RegisterDbCleanupJobs(ctx, db)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register DB cleanup jobs in scheduler: %w", err)
-	}
-	err = scheduler.RegisterFileCleanupJobs(ctx, db)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register file cleanup jobs in scheduler: %w", err)
-	}
-	err = scheduler.RegisterApiKeyExpiryJob(ctx, apiKeyService, appConfigService)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register API key expiration jobs in scheduler: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Run the scheduler in a background goroutine, until the context is canceled
-	go scheduler.Run(ctx)
-
 	// Initialize middleware for specific routes
-	authMiddleware := middleware.NewAuthMiddleware(apiKeyService, userService, jwtService)
+	authMiddleware := middleware.NewAuthMiddleware(svc.apiKeyService, svc.userService, svc.jwtService)
 	fileSizeLimitMiddleware := middleware.NewFileSizeLimitMiddleware()
 
 	// Set up API routes
-	apiGroup := r.Group("/api")
-	controller.NewApiKeyController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, apiKeyService)
-	controller.NewWebauthnController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, middleware.NewRateLimitMiddleware(), webauthnService, appConfigService)
-	controller.NewOidcController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, fileSizeLimitMiddleware, oidcService, jwtService)
-	controller.NewUserController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, middleware.NewRateLimitMiddleware(), userService, appConfigService)
-	controller.NewAppConfigController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, appConfigService, emailService, ldapService)
-	controller.NewAuditLogController(apiGroup, auditLogService, authMiddleware)
-	controller.NewUserGroupController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, userGroupService)
-	controller.NewCustomClaimController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, customClaimService)
+	apiGroup := r.Group("/api", rateLimitMiddleware)
+	controller.NewApiKeyController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, svc.apiKeyService)
+	controller.NewWebauthnController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, middleware.NewRateLimitMiddleware(), svc.webauthnService, svc.appConfigService)
+	controller.NewOidcController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, fileSizeLimitMiddleware, svc.oidcService, svc.jwtService)
+	controller.NewUserController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, middleware.NewRateLimitMiddleware(), svc.userService, svc.appConfigService)
+	controller.NewAppConfigController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, svc.appConfigService, svc.emailService, svc.ldapService)
+	controller.NewAuditLogController(apiGroup, svc.auditLogService, authMiddleware)
+	controller.NewUserGroupController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, svc.userGroupService)
+	controller.NewCustomClaimController(apiGroup, authMiddleware, svc.customClaimService)
 
 	// Add test controller in non-production environments
 	if common.EnvConfig.AppEnv != "production" {
 		for _, f := range registerTestControllers {
-			f(apiGroup, db, appConfigService, jwtService)
+			f(apiGroup, db, svc)
 		}
 	}
 
 	// Set up base routes
-	baseGroup := r.Group("/")
-	controller.NewWellKnownController(baseGroup, jwtService)
+	baseGroup := r.Group("/", rateLimitMiddleware)
+	controller.NewWellKnownController(baseGroup, svc.jwtService)
+
+	// Set up healthcheck routes
+	// These are not rate-limited
+	controller.NewHealthzController(r)
 
 	// Set up the server
 	srv := &http.Server{
-		Addr:              net.JoinHostPort(common.EnvConfig.Host, common.EnvConfig.Port),
 		MaxHeaderBytes:    1 << 20,
 		ReadHeaderTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
 		Handler:           r,
 	}
 
 	// Set up the listener
-	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", srv.Addr)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create TCP listener: %w", err)
+	network := "tcp"
+	addr := net.JoinHostPort(common.EnvConfig.Host, common.EnvConfig.Port)
+	if common.EnvConfig.UnixSocket != "" {
+		network = "unix"
+		addr = common.EnvConfig.UnixSocket
 	}
 
-	log.Printf("Server listening on %s", srv.Addr)
-
-	// Notify systemd that we are ready
-	err = systemd.SdNotifyReady()
+	listener, err := net.Listen(network, addr)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Printf("[WARN] Unable to notify systemd that the service is ready: %v", err)
-		// continue to serve anyway since it's not that important
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create %s listener: %w", network, err)
 	}
 
-	// Start the server in a background goroutine
-	go func() {
-		defer listener.Close()
-
-		// Next call blocks until the server is shut down
-		srvErr := srv.Serve(listener)
-		if srvErr != http.ErrServerClosed {
-			log.Fatalf("Error starting app server: %v", srvErr)
+	// Set the socket mode if using a Unix socket
+	if network == "unix" && common.EnvConfig.UnixSocketMode != "" {
+		mode, err := strconv.ParseUint(common.EnvConfig.UnixSocketMode, 8, 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse UNIX socket mode '%s': %w", common.EnvConfig.UnixSocketMode, err)
 		}
-	}()
 
-	// Block until the context is canceled
-	<-ctx.Done()
-
-	// Handle graceful shutdown
-	// Note we use the background context here as ctx has been canceled already
-	shutdownCtx, shutdownCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
-	shutdownErr := srv.Shutdown(shutdownCtx) //nolint:contextcheck
-	shutdownCancel()
-	if shutdownErr != nil {
-		// Log the error only (could be context canceled)
-		log.Printf("[WARN] App server shutdown error: %v", shutdownErr)
+		if err := os.Chmod(addr, os.FileMode(mode)); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to set UNIX socket mode '%s': %w", common.EnvConfig.UnixSocketMode, err)
+		}
 	}
 
-	return nil
+	// Service runner function
+	runFn := func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		log.Printf("Server listening on %s", addr)
+
+		// Start the server in a background goroutine
+		go func() {
+			defer listener.Close()
+
+			// Next call blocks until the server is shut down
+			srvErr := srv.Serve(listener)
+			if srvErr != http.ErrServerClosed {
+				log.Fatalf("Error starting app server: %v", srvErr)
+			}
+		}()
+
+		// Notify systemd that we are ready
+		err = systemd.SdNotifyReady()
+		if err != nil {
+			// Log the error only
+			log.Printf("[WARN] Unable to notify systemd that the service is ready: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		// Block until the context is canceled
+		<-ctx.Done()
+
+		// Handle graceful shutdown
+		// Note we use the background context here as ctx has been canceled already
+		shutdownCtx, shutdownCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+		shutdownErr := srv.Shutdown(shutdownCtx) //nolint:contextcheck
+		shutdownCancel()
+		if shutdownErr != nil {
+			// Log the error only (could be context canceled)
+			log.Printf("[WARN] App server shutdown error: %v", shutdownErr)
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return runFn, nil
 }

backend/internal/bootstrap/scheduler_bootstrap.go

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package bootstrap
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/job"
+)
+
+func registerScheduledJobs(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, svc *services, httpClient *http.Client, scheduler *job.Scheduler) error {
+	err := scheduler.RegisterLdapJobs(ctx, svc.ldapService, svc.appConfigService)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register LDAP jobs in scheduler: %w", err)
+	}
+	err = scheduler.RegisterGeoLiteUpdateJobs(ctx, svc.geoLiteService)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register GeoLite DB update service: %w", err)
+	}
+	err = scheduler.RegisterDbCleanupJobs(ctx, db)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register DB cleanup jobs in scheduler: %w", err)
+	}
+	err = scheduler.RegisterFileCleanupJobs(ctx, db)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register file cleanup jobs in scheduler: %w", err)
+	}
+	err = scheduler.RegisterApiKeyExpiryJob(ctx, svc.apiKeyService, svc.appConfigService)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register API key expiration jobs in scheduler: %w", err)
+	}
+	err = scheduler.RegisterAnalyticsJob(ctx, svc.appConfigService, httpClient)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register analytics job in scheduler: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

backend/internal/bootstrap/services_bootstrap.go

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package bootstrap
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
+)
+
+type services struct {
+	appConfigService   *service.AppConfigService
+	emailService       *service.EmailService
+	geoLiteService     *service.GeoLiteService
+	auditLogService    *service.AuditLogService
+	jwtService         *service.JwtService
+	webauthnService    *service.WebAuthnService
+	userService        *service.UserService
+	customClaimService *service.CustomClaimService
+	oidcService        *service.OidcService
+	userGroupService   *service.UserGroupService
+	ldapService        *service.LdapService
+	apiKeyService      *service.ApiKeyService
+}
+
+// Initializes all services
+func initServices(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, httpClient *http.Client) (svc *services, err error) {
+	svc = &services{}
+
+	svc.appConfigService = service.NewAppConfigService(ctx, db)
+
+	svc.emailService, err = service.NewEmailService(db, svc.appConfigService)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create email service: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	svc.geoLiteService = service.NewGeoLiteService(httpClient)
+	svc.auditLogService = service.NewAuditLogService(db, svc.appConfigService, svc.emailService, svc.geoLiteService)
+	svc.jwtService = service.NewJwtService(db, svc.appConfigService)
+	svc.userService = service.NewUserService(db, svc.jwtService, svc.auditLogService, svc.emailService, svc.appConfigService)
+	svc.customClaimService = service.NewCustomClaimService(db)
+
+	svc.oidcService, err = service.NewOidcService(ctx, db, svc.jwtService, svc.appConfigService, svc.auditLogService, svc.customClaimService)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create OIDC service: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	svc.userGroupService = service.NewUserGroupService(db, svc.appConfigService)
+	svc.ldapService = service.NewLdapService(db, httpClient, svc.appConfigService, svc.userService, svc.userGroupService)
+	svc.apiKeyService = service.NewApiKeyService(db, svc.emailService)
+	svc.webauthnService = service.NewWebAuthnService(db, svc.jwtService, svc.auditLogService, svc.appConfigService)
+
+	return svc, nil
+}

backend/internal/cmds/healthcheck.go

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package cmds
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"log/slog"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+)
+
+type healthcheckFlags struct {
+	Endpoint string
+	Verbose  bool
+}
+
+func init() {
+	var flags healthcheckFlags
+
+	healthcheckCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "healthcheck",
+		Short: "Performs a healthcheck of a running Pocket ID instance",
+		Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+			start := time.Now()
+
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(cmd.Context(), 5*time.Second)
+			defer cancel()
+
+			url := flags.Endpoint + "/healthz"
+			req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
+			if err != nil {
+				slog.ErrorContext(ctx,
+					"Failed to create request object",
+					"error", err,
+					"url", url,
+					"ms", time.Since(start).Milliseconds(),
+				)
+				os.Exit(1)
+			}
+
+			res, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+			if err != nil {
+				slog.ErrorContext(ctx,
+					"Failed to perform request",
+					"error", err,
+					"url", url,
+					"ms", time.Since(start).Milliseconds(),
+				)
+				os.Exit(1)
+			}
+			defer res.Body.Close()
+
+			if res.StatusCode < 200 || res.StatusCode >= 300 {
+				if err != nil {
+					slog.ErrorContext(ctx,
+						"Healthcheck failed",
+						"status", res.StatusCode,
+						"url", url,
+						"ms", time.Since(start).Milliseconds(),
+					)
+					os.Exit(1)
+				}
+			}
+
+			if flags.Verbose {
+				slog.InfoContext(ctx,
+					"Healthcheck succeeded",
+					"status", res.StatusCode,
+					"url", url,
+					"ms", time.Since(start).Milliseconds(),
+				)
+			}
+		},
+	}
+
+	healthcheckCmd.Flags().StringVarP(&flags.Endpoint, "endpoint", "e", "http://localhost:"+common.EnvConfig.Port, "Endpoint for Pocket ID")
+	healthcheckCmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&flags.Verbose, "verbose", "v", false, "Enable verbose mode")
+
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(healthcheckCmd)
+}

backend/internal/cmds/key_rotate.go

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+package cmds
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3/jwa"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/bootstrap"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+	jwkutils "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/jwk"
+)
+
+type keyRotateFlags struct {
+	Alg string
+	Crv string
+	Yes bool
+}
+
+func init() {
+	var flags keyRotateFlags
+
+	keyRotateCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "key-rotate",
+		Short: "Generates a new token signing key and replaces the current one",
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			db := bootstrap.NewDatabase()
+
+			return keyRotate(cmd.Context(), flags, db, &common.EnvConfig)
+		},
+	}
+
+	keyRotateCmd.Flags().StringVarP(&flags.Alg, "alg", "a", "RS256", "Key algorithm. Supported values: RS256, RS384, RS512, ES256, ES384, ES512, EdDSA")
+	keyRotateCmd.Flags().StringVarP(&flags.Crv, "crv", "c", "", "Curve name when using EdDSA keys. Supported values: Ed25519")
+	keyRotateCmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&flags.Yes, "yes", "y", false, "Do not prompt for confirmation")
+
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(keyRotateCmd)
+}
+
+func keyRotate(ctx context.Context, flags keyRotateFlags, db *gorm.DB, envConfig *common.EnvConfigSchema) error {
+	// Validate the flags
+	switch strings.ToUpper(flags.Alg) {
+	case jwa.RS256().String(), jwa.RS384().String(), jwa.RS512().String(),
+		jwa.ES256().String(), jwa.ES384().String(), jwa.ES512().String():
+		// All good, but uppercase it for consistency
+		flags.Alg = strings.ToUpper(flags.Alg)
+	case strings.ToUpper(jwa.EdDSA().String()):
+		// Ensure Crv is set and valid
+		switch strings.ToUpper(flags.Crv) {
+		case strings.ToUpper(jwa.Ed25519().String()):
+			// All good, but ensure consistency in casing
+			flags.Crv = jwa.Ed25519().String()
+		case "":
+			return errors.New("a curve name is required when algorithm is EdDSA")
+		default:
+			return errors.New("unsupported EdDSA curve; supported values: Ed25519")
+		}
+	case "":
+		return errors.New("key algorithm is required")
+	default:
+		return errors.New("unsupported key algorithm; supported values: RS256, RS384, RS512, ES256, ES384, ES512, EdDSA")
+	}
+
+	if !flags.Yes {
+		fmt.Println("WARNING: Rotating the private key will invalidate all existing tokens. Both pocket-id and all client applications will likely need to be restarted.")
+		ok, err := utils.PromptForConfirmation("Confirm")
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if !ok {
+			fmt.Println("Aborted")
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Init the services we need
+	appConfigService := service.NewAppConfigService(ctx, db)
+
+	// Get the key provider
+	keyProvider, err := jwkutils.GetKeyProvider(db, envConfig, appConfigService.GetDbConfig().InstanceID.Value)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get key provider: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Generate a new key
+	key, err := jwkutils.GenerateKey(flags.Alg, flags.Crv)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to generate key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Save the key
+	err = keyProvider.SaveKey(key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to store new key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println("Key rotated successfully")
+	fmt.Println("Note: if pocket-id is running, you will need to restart it for the new key to be loaded")
+
+	return nil
+}

backend/internal/cmds/key_rotate_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+package cmds
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
+	jwkutils "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/jwk"
+	testingutils "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/testing"
+)
+
+func TestKeyRotate(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		flags   keyRotateFlags
+		wantErr bool
+		errMsg  string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "valid RS256",
+			flags: keyRotateFlags{
+				Alg: "RS256",
+				Yes: true,
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "valid EdDSA with Ed25519",
+			flags: keyRotateFlags{
+				Alg: "EdDSA",
+				Crv: "Ed25519",
+				Yes: true,
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "invalid algorithm",
+			flags: keyRotateFlags{
+				Alg: "INVALID",
+				Yes: true,
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "unsupported key algorithm",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "EdDSA without curve",
+			flags: keyRotateFlags{
+				Alg: "EdDSA",
+				Yes: true,
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "a curve name is required when algorithm is EdDSA",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "empty algorithm",
+			flags: keyRotateFlags{
+				Alg: "",
+				Yes: true,
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "key algorithm is required",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Run("file storage", func(t *testing.T) {
+				testKeyRotateWithFileStorage(t, tt.flags, tt.wantErr, tt.errMsg)
+			})
+
+			t.Run("database storage", func(t *testing.T) {
+				testKeyRotateWithDatabaseStorage(t, tt.flags, tt.wantErr, tt.errMsg)
+			})
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func testKeyRotateWithFileStorage(t *testing.T, flags keyRotateFlags, wantErr bool, errMsg string) {
+	// Create temporary directory for keys
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+	keysPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "keys")
+	err := os.MkdirAll(keysPath, 0755)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Set up file storage config
+	envConfig := &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+		KeysStorage: "file",
+		KeysPath:    keysPath,
+	}
+
+	// Create test database
+	db := testingutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+
+	// Initialize app config service and create instance
+	appConfigService := service.NewAppConfigService(t.Context(), db)
+	instanceID := appConfigService.GetDbConfig().InstanceID.Value
+
+	// Check if key exists before rotation
+	keyProvider, err := jwkutils.GetKeyProvider(db, envConfig, instanceID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Run the key rotation
+	err = keyRotate(t.Context(), flags, db, envConfig)
+
+	if wantErr {
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		if errMsg != "" {
+			require.ErrorContains(t, err, errMsg)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Verify key was created
+	key, err := keyProvider.LoadKey()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, key)
+
+	// Verify the algorithm matches what we requested
+	alg, _ := key.Algorithm()
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, alg)
+	if flags.Alg != "" {
+		expectedAlg := flags.Alg
+		if expectedAlg == "EdDSA" {
+			// EdDSA keys should have the EdDSA algorithm
+			assert.Equal(t, "EdDSA", alg.String())
+		} else {
+			assert.Equal(t, expectedAlg, alg.String())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func testKeyRotateWithDatabaseStorage(t *testing.T, flags keyRotateFlags, wantErr bool, errMsg string) {
+	// Set up database storage config
+	envConfig := &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+		KeysStorage:   "database",
+		EncryptionKey: "test-encryption-key-characters-long",
+	}
+
+	// Create test database
+	db := testingutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+
+	// Initialize app config service and create instance
+	appConfigService := service.NewAppConfigService(t.Context(), db)
+	instanceID := appConfigService.GetDbConfig().InstanceID.Value
+
+	// Get key provider
+	keyProvider, err := jwkutils.GetKeyProvider(db, envConfig, instanceID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Run the key rotation
+	err = keyRotate(t.Context(), flags, db, envConfig)
+
+	if wantErr {
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		if errMsg != "" {
+			require.ErrorContains(t, err, errMsg)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Verify key was created
+	key, err := keyProvider.LoadKey()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, key)
+
+	// Verify the algorithm matches what we requested
+	alg, _ := key.Algorithm()
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, alg)
+	if flags.Alg != "" {
+		expectedAlg := flags.Alg
+		if expectedAlg == "EdDSA" {
+			// EdDSA keys should have the EdDSA algorithm
+			assert.Equal(t, "EdDSA", alg.String())
+		} else {
+			assert.Equal(t, expectedAlg, alg.String())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestKeyRotateMultipleAlgorithms(t *testing.T) {
+	algorithms := []struct {
+		alg string
+		crv string
+	}{
+		{"RS256", ""},
+		{"RS384", ""},
+		// Skip RSA-4096 key generation test as it can take a long time
+		// {"RS512", ""},
+		{"ES256", ""},
+		{"ES384", ""},
+		{"ES512", ""},
+		{"EdDSA", "Ed25519"},
+	}
+
+	for _, algo := range algorithms {
+		t.Run(algo.alg, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Test with database storage for all algorithms
+			testKeyRotateWithDatabaseStorage(t, keyRotateFlags{
+				Alg: algo.alg,
+				Crv: algo.crv,
+				Yes: true,
+			}, false, "")
+		})
+	}
+}

backend/internal/cmds/one_time_access_token.go

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+package cmds
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/bootstrap"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
+)
+
+var oneTimeAccessTokenCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "one-time-access-token [username or email]",
+	Short: "Generates a one-time access token for the given user",
+	Args:  cobra.ExactArgs(1),
+	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		// Get the username or email of the user
+		userArg := args[0]
+
+		// Connect to the database
+		db := bootstrap.NewDatabase()
+
+		// Create the access token
+		var oneTimeAccessToken *model.OneTimeAccessToken
+		err := db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+			// Load the user to retrieve the user ID
+			var user model.User
+			queryCtx, queryCancel := context.WithTimeout(cmd.Context(), 10*time.Second)
+			defer queryCancel()
+			txErr := tx.
+				WithContext(queryCtx).
+				Where("username = ? OR email = ?", userArg, userArg).
+				First(&user).
+				Error
+			switch {
+			case errors.Is(txErr, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound):
+				return errors.New("user not found")
+			case txErr != nil:
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to query for user: %w", txErr)
+			case user.ID == "":
+				return errors.New("invalid user loaded: ID is empty")
+			}
+
+			// Create a new access token that expires in 1 hour
+			oneTimeAccessToken, txErr = service.NewOneTimeAccessToken(user.ID, time.Now().Add(time.Hour))
+			if txErr != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to generate access token: %w", txErr)
+			}
+
+			queryCtx, queryCancel = context.WithTimeout(cmd.Context(), 10*time.Second)
+			defer queryCancel()
+			txErr = tx.
+				WithContext(queryCtx).
+				Create(oneTimeAccessToken).
+				Error
+			if txErr != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to save access token: %w", txErr)
+			}
+
+			return nil
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		// Print the result
+		fmt.Printf(`A one-time access token valid for 1 hour has been created for "%s".`+"\n", userArg)
+		fmt.Printf("Use the following URL to sign in once: %s/lc/%s\n", common.EnvConfig.AppURL, oneTimeAccessToken.Token)
+
+		return nil
+	},
+}
+
+func init() {
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(oneTimeAccessTokenCmd)
+}

backend/internal/cmds/root.go

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package cmds
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/bootstrap"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/signals"
+)
+
+var rootCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "pocket-id",
+	Short: "A simple and easy-to-use OIDC provider that allows users to authenticate with their passkeys to your services.",
+	Long:  "By default, this command starts the pocket-id server.",
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		// Start the server
+		err := bootstrap.Bootstrap(cmd.Context())
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Error("Failed to run pocket-id", "error", err)
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+	},
+}
+
+func Execute() {
+	// Get a context that is canceled when the application is stopping
+	ctx := signals.SignalContext(context.Background())
+
+	err := rootCmd.ExecuteContext(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+}

backend/internal/cmds/version.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package cmds
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(&cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "version",
+		Short: "Print the version number",
+		Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+			fmt.Println("pocket-id " + common.Version)
+		},
+	})
+}

backend/internal/common/env_config.go

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package common
 
 import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"log"
 	"net/url"
 
@@ -11,69 +13,121 @@ import (
 type DbProvider string
 
 const (
-	DbProviderSqlite      DbProvider = "sqlite"
-	DbProviderPostgres    DbProvider = "postgres"
-	MaxMindGeoLiteCityUrl string     = "https://download.maxmind.com/app/geoip_download?edition_id=GeoLite2-City&license_key=%s&suffix=tar.gz"
+	// TracerName should be passed to otel.Tracer, trace.SpanFromContext when creating custom spans.
+	TracerName = "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/tracing"
+	// MeterName should be passed to otel.Meter when create custom metrics.
+	MeterName = "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/metrics"
+)
+
+const (
+	DbProviderSqlite        DbProvider = "sqlite"
+	DbProviderPostgres      DbProvider = "postgres"
+	MaxMindGeoLiteCityUrl   string     = "https://download.maxmind.com/app/geoip_download?edition_id=GeoLite2-City&license_key=%s&suffix=tar.gz"
+	defaultSqliteConnString string     = "file:data/pocket-id.db?_pragma=journal_mode(WAL)&_pragma=busy_timeout(2500)&_txlock=immediate"
 )
 
 type EnvConfigSchema struct {
-	AppEnv                   string     `env:"APP_ENV"`
-	AppURL                   string     `env:"PUBLIC_APP_URL"`
-	DbProvider               DbProvider `env:"DB_PROVIDER"`
-	DbConnectionString       string     `env:"DB_CONNECTION_STRING"`
-	SqliteDBPath             string     `env:"SQLITE_DB_PATH"`             // Deprecated: use "DB_CONNECTION_STRING" instead
-	PostgresConnectionString string     `env:"POSTGRES_CONNECTION_STRING"` // Deprecated: use "DB_CONNECTION_STRING" instead
-	UploadPath               string     `env:"UPLOAD_PATH"`
-	KeysPath                 string     `env:"KEYS_PATH"`
-	Port                     string     `env:"BACKEND_PORT"`
-	Host                     string     `env:"HOST"`
-	MaxMindLicenseKey        string     `env:"MAXMIND_LICENSE_KEY"`
-	GeoLiteDBPath            string     `env:"GEOLITE_DB_PATH"`
-	GeoLiteDBUrl             string     `env:"GEOLITE_DB_URL"`
-	UiConfigDisabled         bool       `env:"PUBLIC_UI_CONFIG_DISABLED"`
+	AppEnv             string     `env:"APP_ENV"`
+	AppURL             string     `env:"APP_URL"`
+	DbProvider         DbProvider `env:"DB_PROVIDER"`
+	DbConnectionString string     `env:"DB_CONNECTION_STRING"`
+	UploadPath         string     `env:"UPLOAD_PATH"`
+	KeysPath           string     `env:"KEYS_PATH"`
+	KeysStorage        string     `env:"KEYS_STORAGE"`
+	EncryptionKey      string     `env:"ENCRYPTION_KEY"`
+	EncryptionKeyFile  string     `env:"ENCRYPTION_KEY_FILE"`
+	Port               string     `env:"PORT"`
+	Host               string     `env:"HOST"`
+	UnixSocket         string     `env:"UNIX_SOCKET"`
+	UnixSocketMode     string     `env:"UNIX_SOCKET_MODE"`
+	MaxMindLicenseKey  string     `env:"MAXMIND_LICENSE_KEY"`
+	GeoLiteDBPath      string     `env:"GEOLITE_DB_PATH"`
+	GeoLiteDBUrl       string     `env:"GEOLITE_DB_URL"`
+	LocalIPv6Ranges    string     `env:"LOCAL_IPV6_RANGES"`
+	UiConfigDisabled   bool       `env:"UI_CONFIG_DISABLED"`
+	MetricsEnabled     bool       `env:"METRICS_ENABLED"`
+	TracingEnabled     bool       `env:"TRACING_ENABLED"`
+	TrustProxy         bool       `env:"TRUST_PROXY"`
+	AnalyticsDisabled  bool       `env:"ANALYTICS_DISABLED"`
 }
 
-var EnvConfig = &EnvConfigSchema{
-	AppEnv:                   "production",
-	DbProvider:               "sqlite",
-	DbConnectionString:       "file:data/pocket-id.db?_journal_mode=WAL&_busy_timeout=2500&_txlock=immediate",
-	SqliteDBPath:             "",
-	PostgresConnectionString: "",
-	UploadPath:               "data/uploads",
-	KeysPath:                 "data/keys",
-	AppURL:                   "http://localhost",
-	Port:                     "8080",
-	Host:                     "0.0.0.0",
-	MaxMindLicenseKey:        "",
-	GeoLiteDBPath:            "data/GeoLite2-City.mmdb",
-	GeoLiteDBUrl:             MaxMindGeoLiteCityUrl,
-	UiConfigDisabled:         false,
-}
+var EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
 
 func init() {
-	if err := env.ParseWithOptions(EnvConfig, env.Options{}); err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err)
+	err := parseEnvConfig()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("Configuration error: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func defaultConfig() EnvConfigSchema {
+	return EnvConfigSchema{
+		AppEnv:             "production",
+		DbProvider:         "sqlite",
+		DbConnectionString: "",
+		UploadPath:         "data/uploads",
+		KeysPath:           "data/keys",
+		KeysStorage:        "", // "database" or "file"
+		EncryptionKey:      "",
+		AppURL:             "http://localhost:1411",
+		Port:               "1411",
+		Host:               "0.0.0.0",
+		UnixSocket:         "",
+		UnixSocketMode:     "",
+		MaxMindLicenseKey:  "",
+		GeoLiteDBPath:      "data/GeoLite2-City.mmdb",
+		GeoLiteDBUrl:       MaxMindGeoLiteCityUrl,
+		LocalIPv6Ranges:    "",
+		UiConfigDisabled:   false,
+		MetricsEnabled:     false,
+		TracingEnabled:     false,
+		TrustProxy:         false,
+		AnalyticsDisabled:  false,
+	}
+}
+
+func parseEnvConfig() error {
+	err := env.ParseWithOptions(&EnvConfig, env.Options{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error parsing env config: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Validate the environment variables
 	switch EnvConfig.DbProvider {
 	case DbProviderSqlite:
 		if EnvConfig.DbConnectionString == "" {
-			log.Fatal("Missing required env var 'DB_CONNECTION_STRING' for SQLite database")
+			EnvConfig.DbConnectionString = defaultSqliteConnString
 		}
 	case DbProviderPostgres:
 		if EnvConfig.DbConnectionString == "" {
-			log.Fatal("Missing required env var 'DB_CONNECTION_STRING' for Postgres database")
+			return errors.New("missing required env var 'DB_CONNECTION_STRING' for Postgres database")
 		}
 	default:
-		log.Fatal("Invalid DB_PROVIDER value. Must be 'sqlite' or 'postgres'")
+		return errors.New("invalid DB_PROVIDER value. Must be 'sqlite' or 'postgres'")
 	}
 
 	parsedAppUrl, err := url.Parse(EnvConfig.AppURL)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal("PUBLIC_APP_URL is not a valid URL")
+		return errors.New("APP_URL is not a valid URL")
 	}
 	if parsedAppUrl.Path != "" {
-		log.Fatal("PUBLIC_APP_URL must not contain a path")
+		return errors.New("APP_URL must not contain a path")
 	}
+
+	switch EnvConfig.KeysStorage {
+	// KeysStorage defaults to "file" if empty
+	case "":
+		EnvConfig.KeysStorage = "file"
+	case "database":
+		// If KeysStorage is "database", a key must be specified
+		if EnvConfig.EncryptionKey == "" && EnvConfig.EncryptionKeyFile == "" {
+			return errors.New("ENCRYPTION_KEY or ENCRYPTION_KEY_FILE must be non-empty when KEYS_STORAGE is database")
+		}
+	case "file":
+		// All good, these are valid values
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid value for KEYS_STORAGE: %s", EnvConfig.KeysStorage)
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }

backend/internal/common/env_config_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+package common
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestParseEnvConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	// Store original config to restore later
+	originalConfig := EnvConfig
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		EnvConfig = originalConfig
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should parse valid SQLite config correctly", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, DbProviderSqlite, EnvConfig.DbProvider)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should parse valid Postgres config correctly", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "postgres")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "postgres://user:pass@localhost/db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "https://example.com")
+
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, DbProviderPostgres, EnvConfig.DbProvider)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail with invalid DB_PROVIDER", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "invalid")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "test")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "invalid DB_PROVIDER value")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should set default SQLite connection string when DB_CONNECTION_STRING is empty", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "") // Explicitly empty
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, defaultSqliteConnString, EnvConfig.DbConnectionString)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when Postgres DB_CONNECTION_STRING is missing", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "postgres")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "missing required env var 'DB_CONNECTION_STRING' for Postgres")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail with invalid APP_URL", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "€://not-a-valid-url")
+
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "APP_URL is not a valid URL")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when APP_URL contains path", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000/path")
+
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "APP_URL must not contain a path")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should default KEYS_STORAGE to 'file' when empty", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "file", EnvConfig.KeysStorage)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when KEYS_STORAGE is 'database' but no encryption key", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("KEYS_STORAGE", "database")
+
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "ENCRYPTION_KEY or ENCRYPTION_KEY_FILE must be non-empty")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should accept valid KEYS_STORAGE values", func(t *testing.T) {
+		validStorageTypes := []string{"file", "database"}
+
+		for _, storage := range validStorageTypes {
+			EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+			t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
+			t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+			t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+			t.Setenv("KEYS_STORAGE", storage)
+			if storage == "database" {
+				t.Setenv("ENCRYPTION_KEY", "test-key")
+			}
+
+			err := parseEnvConfig()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, storage, EnvConfig.KeysStorage)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail with invalid KEYS_STORAGE value", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("KEYS_STORAGE", "invalid")
+
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "invalid value for KEYS_STORAGE")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should parse boolean environment variables correctly", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("UI_CONFIG_DISABLED", "true")
+		t.Setenv("METRICS_ENABLED", "true")
+		t.Setenv("TRACING_ENABLED", "false")
+		t.Setenv("TRUST_PROXY", "true")
+		t.Setenv("ANALYTICS_DISABLED", "false")
+
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, EnvConfig.UiConfigDisabled)
+		assert.True(t, EnvConfig.MetricsEnabled)
+		assert.False(t, EnvConfig.TracingEnabled)
+		assert.True(t, EnvConfig.TrustProxy)
+		assert.False(t, EnvConfig.AnalyticsDisabled)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should parse string environment variables correctly", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "postgres")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "postgres://test")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "https://prod.example.com")
+		t.Setenv("APP_ENV", "staging")
+		t.Setenv("UPLOAD_PATH", "/custom/uploads")
+		t.Setenv("KEYS_PATH", "/custom/keys")
+		t.Setenv("PORT", "8080")
+		t.Setenv("HOST", "127.0.0.1")
+		t.Setenv("UNIX_SOCKET", "/tmp/app.sock")
+		t.Setenv("MAXMIND_LICENSE_KEY", "test-license")
+		t.Setenv("GEOLITE_DB_PATH", "/custom/geolite.mmdb")
+
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "staging", EnvConfig.AppEnv)
+		assert.Equal(t, "/custom/uploads", EnvConfig.UploadPath)
+		assert.Equal(t, "8080", EnvConfig.Port)
+		assert.Equal(t, "127.0.0.1", EnvConfig.Host)
+	})
+}

backend/internal/common/errors.go

@@ -65,11 +65,23 @@ type OidcClientSecretInvalidError struct{}
 func (e *OidcClientSecretInvalidError) Error() string       { return "invalid client secret" }
 func (e *OidcClientSecretInvalidError) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }
 
+type OidcClientAssertionInvalidError struct{}
+
+func (e *OidcClientAssertionInvalidError) Error() string       { return "invalid client assertion" }
+func (e *OidcClientAssertionInvalidError) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }
+
 type OidcInvalidAuthorizationCodeError struct{}
 
 func (e *OidcInvalidAuthorizationCodeError) Error() string       { return "invalid authorization code" }
 func (e *OidcInvalidAuthorizationCodeError) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }
 
+type OidcMissingCallbackURLError struct{}
+
+func (e *OidcMissingCallbackURLError) Error() string {
+	return "unable to detect callback url, it might be necessary for an admin to fix this"
+}
+func (e *OidcMissingCallbackURLError) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }
+
 type OidcInvalidCallbackURLError struct{}
 
 func (e *OidcInvalidCallbackURLError) Error() string {
@@ -156,13 +168,6 @@ func (e *DuplicateClaimError) Error() string {
 }
 func (e *DuplicateClaimError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusBadRequest }
 
-type AccountEditNotAllowedError struct{}
-
-func (e *AccountEditNotAllowedError) Error() string {
-	return "You are not allowed to edit your account"
-}
-func (e *AccountEditNotAllowedError) HttpStatusCode() int { return http.StatusForbidden }
-
 type OidcInvalidCodeVerifierError struct{}
 
 func (e *OidcInvalidCodeVerifierError) Error() string {
@@ -344,3 +349,13 @@ func (e *OidcAuthorizationPendingError) Error() string {
 func (e *OidcAuthorizationPendingError) HttpStatusCode() int {
 	return http.StatusBadRequest
 }
+
+type OpenSignupDisabledError struct{}
+
+func (e *OpenSignupDisabledError) Error() string {
+	return "Open user signup is not enabled"
+}
+
+func (e *OpenSignupDisabledError) HttpStatusCode() int {
+	return http.StatusForbidden
+}

backend/internal/common/version.go

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+package common
+
+// Version contains the Pocket ID version.
+//
+// It can be set at build time using -ldflags.
+var Version = "unknown"

backend/internal/controller/api_key_controller.go

@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ func NewApiKeyController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.Auth
 // @Summary List API keys
 // @Description Get a paginated list of API keys belonging to the current user
 // @Tags API Keys
-// @Param page query int false "Page number, starting from 1" default(1)
-// @Param limit query int false "Number of items per page" default(10)
-// @Param sort_column query string false "Column to sort by" default("created_at")
-// @Param sort_direction query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("desc")
+// @Param pagination[page] query int false "Page number for pagination" default(1)
+// @Param pagination[limit] query int false "Number of items per page" default(20)
+// @Param sort[column] query string false "Column to sort by"
+// @Param sort[direction] query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.ApiKeyDto]
 // @Router /api/api-keys [get]
 func (c *ApiKeyController) listApiKeysHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {

backend/internal/controller/app_config_controller.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package controller
 import (
 	"net/http"
 	"strconv"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
@@ -57,7 +58,6 @@ type AppConfigController struct {
 // @Accept json
 // @Produce json
 // @Success 200 {array} dto.PublicAppConfigVariableDto
-// @Failure 500 {object} object "{"error": "error message"}"
 // @Router /application-configuration [get]
 func (acc *AppConfigController) listAppConfigHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	configuration := acc.appConfigService.ListAppConfig(false)
@@ -68,6 +68,13 @@ func (acc *AppConfigController) listAppConfigHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	// Manually add uiConfigDisabled which isn't in the database but defined with an environment variable
+	configVariablesDto = append(configVariablesDto, dto.PublicAppConfigVariableDto{
+		Key:   "uiConfigDisabled",
+		Value: strconv.FormatBool(common.EnvConfig.UiConfigDisabled),
+		Type:  "boolean",
+	})
+
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, configVariablesDto)
 }
 
@@ -78,7 +85,6 @@ func (acc *AppConfigController) listAppConfigHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Accept json
 // @Produce json
 // @Success 200 {array} dto.AppConfigVariableDto
-// @Security BearerAuth
 // @Router /application-configuration/all [get]
 func (acc *AppConfigController) listAllAppConfigHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	configuration := acc.appConfigService.ListAppConfig(true)
@@ -100,7 +106,6 @@ func (acc *AppConfigController) listAllAppConfigHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Produce json
 // @Param body body dto.AppConfigUpdateDto true "Application Configuration"
 // @Success 200 {array} dto.AppConfigVariableDto
-// @Security BearerAuth
 // @Router /api/application-configuration [put]
 func (acc *AppConfigController) updateAppConfigHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	var input dto.AppConfigUpdateDto
@@ -157,7 +162,6 @@ func (acc *AppConfigController) getLogoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Tags Application Configuration
 // @Produce image/x-icon
 // @Success 200 {file} binary "Favicon image"
-// @Failure 404 {object} object "{"error": "File not found"}"
 // @Router /api/application-configuration/favicon [get]
 func (acc *AppConfigController) getFaviconHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	acc.getImage(c, "favicon", "ico")
@@ -170,7 +174,6 @@ func (acc *AppConfigController) getFaviconHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Produce image/png
 // @Produce image/jpeg
 // @Success 200 {file} binary "Background image"
-// @Failure 404 {object} object "{"error": "File not found"}"
 // @Router /api/application-configuration/background-image [get]
 func (acc *AppConfigController) getBackgroundImageHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	imageType := acc.appConfigService.GetDbConfig().BackgroundImageType.Value
@@ -185,7 +188,6 @@ func (acc *AppConfigController) getBackgroundImageHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Param light query boolean false "Light mode logo (true) or dark mode logo (false)"
 // @Param file formData file true "Logo image file"
 // @Success 204 "No Content"
-// @Security BearerAuth
 // @Router /api/application-configuration/logo [put]
 func (acc *AppConfigController) updateLogoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	dbConfig := acc.appConfigService.GetDbConfig()
@@ -211,7 +213,6 @@ func (acc *AppConfigController) updateLogoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Accept multipart/form-data
 // @Param file formData file true "Favicon file (.ico)"
 // @Success 204 "No Content"
-// @Security BearerAuth
 // @Router /api/application-configuration/favicon [put]
 func (acc *AppConfigController) updateFaviconHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	file, err := c.FormFile("file")
@@ -235,7 +236,6 @@ func (acc *AppConfigController) updateFaviconHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Accept multipart/form-data
 // @Param file formData file true "Background image file"
 // @Success 204 "No Content"
-// @Security BearerAuth
 // @Router /api/application-configuration/background-image [put]
 func (acc *AppConfigController) updateBackgroundImageHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	imageType := acc.appConfigService.GetDbConfig().BackgroundImageType.Value
@@ -248,6 +248,8 @@ func (acc *AppConfigController) getImage(c *gin.Context, name string, imageType
 	mimeType := utils.GetImageMimeType(imageType)
 
 	c.Header("Content-Type", mimeType)
+
+	utils.SetCacheControlHeader(c, 15*time.Minute, 24*time.Hour)
 	c.File(imagePath)
 }
 
@@ -273,7 +275,6 @@ func (acc *AppConfigController) updateImage(c *gin.Context, imageName string, ol
 // @Description Manually trigger LDAP synchronization
 // @Tags Application Configuration
 // @Success 204 "No Content"
-// @Security BearerAuth
 // @Router /api/application-configuration/sync-ldap [post]
 func (acc *AppConfigController) syncLdapHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	err := acc.ldapService.SyncAll(c.Request.Context())
@@ -290,7 +291,6 @@ func (acc *AppConfigController) syncLdapHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Description Send a test email to verify email configuration
 // @Tags Application Configuration
 // @Success 204 "No Content"
-// @Security BearerAuth
 // @Router /api/application-configuration/test-email [post]
 func (acc *AppConfigController) testEmailHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	userID := c.GetString("userID")

backend/internal/controller/audit_log_controller.go

@@ -34,10 +34,10 @@ type AuditLogController struct {
 // @Summary List audit logs
 // @Description Get a paginated list of audit logs for the current user
 // @Tags Audit Logs
-// @Param page query int false "Page number, starting from 1" default(1)
-// @Param limit query int false "Number of items per page" default(10)
-// @Param sort_column query string false "Column to sort by" default("created_at")
-// @Param sort_direction query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("desc")
+// @Param pagination[page] query int false "Page number for pagination" default(1)
+// @Param pagination[limit] query int false "Number of items per page" default(20)
+// @Param sort[column] query string false "Column to sort by"
+// @Param sort[direction] query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.AuditLogDto]
 // @Router /api/audit-logs [get]
 func (alc *AuditLogController) listAuditLogsForUserHandler(c *gin.Context) {
@@ -82,13 +82,14 @@ func (alc *AuditLogController) listAuditLogsForUserHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Summary List all audit logs
 // @Description Get a paginated list of all audit logs (admin only)
 // @Tags Audit Logs
-// @Param page query int false "Page number, starting from 1" default(1)
-// @Param limit query int false "Number of items per page" default(10)
-// @Param sort_column query string false "Column to sort by" default("created_at")
-// @Param sort_direction query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("desc")
-// @Param user_id query string false "Filter by user ID"
-// @Param event query string false "Filter by event type"
-// @Param client_name query string false "Filter by client name"
+// @Param pagination[page] query int false "Page number for pagination" default(1)
+// @Param pagination[limit] query int false "Number of items per page" default(20)
+// @Param sort[column] query string false "Column to sort by"
+// @Param sort[direction] query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
+// @Param filters[userId] query string false "Filter by user ID"
+// @Param filters[event] query string false "Filter by event type"
+// @Param filters[clientName] query string false "Filter by client name"
+// @Param filters[location] query string false "Filter by location type (external or internal)"
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.AuditLogDto]
 // @Router /api/audit-logs/all [get]
 func (alc *AuditLogController) listAllAuditLogsHandler(c *gin.Context) {

backend/internal/controller/custom_claim_controller.go

@@ -35,10 +35,6 @@ type CustomClaimController struct {
 // @Tags Custom Claims
 // @Produce json
 // @Success 200 {array} string "List of suggested custom claim names"
-// @Failure 401 {object} object "Unauthorized"
-// @Failure 403 {object} object "Forbidden"
-// @Failure 500 {object} object "Internal server error"
-// @Security BearerAuth
 // @Router /api/custom-claims/suggestions [get]
 func (ccc *CustomClaimController) getSuggestionsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	claims, err := ccc.customClaimService.GetSuggestions(c.Request.Context())
@@ -93,7 +89,6 @@ func (ccc *CustomClaimController) UpdateCustomClaimsForUserHandler(c *gin.Contex
 // @Param userGroupId path string true "User Group ID"
 // @Param claims body []dto.CustomClaimCreateDto true "List of custom claims to set for the user group"
 // @Success 200 {array} dto.CustomClaimDto "Updated custom claims"
-// @Security BearerAuth
 // @Router /api/custom-claims/user-group/{userGroupId} [put]
 func (ccc *CustomClaimController) UpdateCustomClaimsForUserGroupHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	var input []dto.CustomClaimCreateDto

backend/internal/controller/e2etest_controller.go

@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ func NewTestController(group *gin.RouterGroup, testService *service.TestService)
 	testController := &TestController{TestService: testService}
 
 	group.POST("/test/reset", testController.resetAndSeedHandler)
+	group.POST("/test/refreshtoken", testController.signRefreshToken)
+
+	group.GET("/externalidp/jwks.json", testController.externalIdPJWKS)
+	group.POST("/externalidp/sign", testController.externalIdPSignToken)
 }
 
 type TestController struct {
@@ -21,6 +25,16 @@ type TestController struct {
 }
 
 func (tc *TestController) resetAndSeedHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	var baseURL string
+	if c.Request.TLS != nil {
+		baseURL = "https://" + c.Request.Host
+	} else {
+		baseURL = "http://" + c.Request.Host
+	}
+
+	skipLdap := c.Query("skip-ldap") == "true"
+	skipSeed := c.Query("skip-seed") == "true"
+
 	if err := tc.TestService.ResetDatabase(); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -31,9 +45,11 @@ func (tc *TestController) resetAndSeedHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if err := tc.TestService.SeedDatabase(); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
+	if !skipSeed {
+		if err := tc.TestService.SeedDatabase(baseURL); err != nil {
+			_ = c.Error(err)
+			return
+		}
 	}
 
 	if err := tc.TestService.ResetAppConfig(c.Request.Context()); err != nil {
@@ -41,7 +57,71 @@ func (tc *TestController) resetAndSeedHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	if !skipLdap {
+		if err := tc.TestService.SetLdapTestConfig(c.Request.Context()); err != nil {
+			_ = c.Error(err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		if err := tc.TestService.SyncLdap(c.Request.Context()); err != nil {
+			_ = c.Error(err)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
 	tc.TestService.SetJWTKeys()
 
 	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
 }
+
+func (tc *TestController) externalIdPJWKS(c *gin.Context) {
+	jwks, err := tc.TestService.GetExternalIdPJWKS()
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, jwks)
+}
+
+func (tc *TestController) externalIdPSignToken(c *gin.Context) {
+	var input struct {
+		Aud string `json:"aud"`
+		Iss string `json:"iss"`
+		Sub string `json:"sub"`
+	}
+	err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	token, err := tc.TestService.SignExternalIdPToken(input.Iss, input.Sub, input.Aud)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Writer.WriteString(token)
+}
+
+func (tc *TestController) signRefreshToken(c *gin.Context) {
+	var input struct {
+		UserID       string `json:"user"`
+		ClientID     string `json:"client"`
+		RefreshToken string `json:"rt"`
+	}
+	err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	token, err := tc.TestService.SignRefreshToken(input.UserID, input.ClientID, input.RefreshToken)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Writer.WriteString(token)
+}

backend/internal/controller/healthz_controller.go

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package controller
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+// NewHealthzController creates a new controller for the healthcheck endpoints
+// @Summary Healthcheck controller
+// @Description Initializes healthcheck endpoints
+// @Tags Health
+func NewHealthzController(r *gin.Engine) {
+	hc := &HealthzController{}
+
+	r.GET("/healthz", hc.healthzHandler)
+}
+
+type HealthzController struct{}
+
+// healthzHandler godoc
+// @Summary Responds to healthchecks
+// @Description Responds with a successful status code to healthcheck requests
+// @Tags Health
+// @Success 204 ""
+// @Router /healthz [get]
+func (hc *HealthzController) healthzHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}

backend/internal/controller/oidc_controller.go

@@ -6,15 +6,16 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/cookie"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/dto"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/middleware"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/cookie"
 )
 
 // NewOidcController creates a new controller for OIDC related endpoints
@@ -30,8 +31,8 @@ func NewOidcController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMi
 	group.POST("/oidc/token", oc.createTokensHandler)
 	group.GET("/oidc/userinfo", oc.userInfoHandler)
 	group.POST("/oidc/userinfo", oc.userInfoHandler)
-	group.POST("/oidc/end-session", authMiddleware.WithSuccessOptional().Add(), oc.EndSessionHandler)
-	group.GET("/oidc/end-session", authMiddleware.WithSuccessOptional().Add(), oc.EndSessionHandler)
+	group.POST("/oidc/end-session", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().WithSuccessOptional().Add(), oc.EndSessionHandler)
+	group.GET("/oidc/end-session", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().WithSuccessOptional().Add(), oc.EndSessionHandler)
 	group.POST("/oidc/introspect", oc.introspectTokenHandler)
 
 	group.GET("/oidc/clients", authMiddleware.Add(), oc.listClientsHandler)
@@ -48,9 +49,14 @@ func NewOidcController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMi
 	group.DELETE("/oidc/clients/:id/logo", oc.deleteClientLogoHandler)
 	group.POST("/oidc/clients/:id/logo", authMiddleware.Add(), fileSizeLimitMiddleware.Add(2<<20), oc.updateClientLogoHandler)
 
+	group.GET("/oidc/clients/:id/preview/:userId", authMiddleware.Add(), oc.getClientPreviewHandler)
+
 	group.POST("/oidc/device/authorize", oc.deviceAuthorizationHandler)
 	group.POST("/oidc/device/verify", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), oc.verifyDeviceCodeHandler)
 	group.GET("/oidc/device/info", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), oc.getDeviceCodeInfoHandler)
+
+	group.GET("/oidc/users/me/clients", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), oc.listOwnAuthorizedClientsHandler)
+	group.GET("/oidc/users/:id/clients", authMiddleware.Add(), oc.listAuthorizedClientsHandler)
 }
 
 type OidcController struct {
@@ -66,7 +72,6 @@ type OidcController struct {
 // @Produce json
 // @Param request body dto.AuthorizeOidcClientRequestDto true "Authorization request parameters"
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.AuthorizeOidcClientResponseDto "Authorization code and callback URL"
-// @Security BearerAuth
 // @Router /api/oidc/authorize [post]
 func (oc *OidcController) authorizeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	var input dto.AuthorizeOidcClientRequestDto
@@ -84,6 +89,7 @@ func (oc *OidcController) authorizeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	response := dto.AuthorizeOidcClientResponseDto{
 		Code:        code,
 		CallbackURL: callbackURL,
+		Issuer:      common.EnvConfig.AppURL,
 	}
 
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, response)
@@ -97,7 +103,6 @@ func (oc *OidcController) authorizeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Produce json
 // @Param request body dto.AuthorizationRequiredDto true "Authorization check parameters"
 // @Success 200 {object} object "{ \"authorizationRequired\": true/false }"
-// @Security BearerAuth
 // @Router /api/oidc/authorization-required [post]
 func (oc *OidcController) authorizationConfirmationRequiredHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	var input dto.AuthorizationRequiredDto
@@ -121,17 +126,16 @@ func (oc *OidcController) authorizationConfirmationRequiredHandler(c *gin.Contex
 // @Tags OIDC
 // @Produce json
 // @Param client_id formData string false "Client ID (if not using Basic Auth)"
-// @Param client_secret formData string false "Client secret (if not using Basic Auth)"
+// @Param client_secret formData string false "Client secret (if not using Basic Auth or client assertions)"
 // @Param code formData string false "Authorization code (required for 'authorization_code' grant)"
 // @Param grant_type formData string true "Grant type ('authorization_code' or 'refresh_token')"
 // @Param code_verifier formData string false "PKCE code verifier (for authorization_code with PKCE)"
 // @Param refresh_token formData string false "Refresh token (required for 'refresh_token' grant)"
+// @Param client_assertion formData string false "Client assertion type (for 'authorization_code' grant when using client assertions)"
+// @Param client_assertion_type formData string false "Client assertion type (for 'authorization_code' grant when using client assertions)"
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.OidcTokenResponseDto "Token response with access_token and optional id_token and refresh_token"
 // @Router /api/oidc/token [post]
 func (oc *OidcController) createTokensHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	// Disable cors for this endpoint
-	c.Writer.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")
-
 	var input dto.OidcCreateTokensDto
 	if err := c.ShouldBind(&input); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
@@ -139,13 +143,13 @@ func (oc *OidcController) createTokensHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	}
 
 	// Validate that code is provided for authorization_code grant type
-	if input.GrantType == "authorization_code" && input.Code == "" {
+	if input.GrantType == service.GrantTypeAuthorizationCode && input.Code == "" {
 		_ = c.Error(&common.OidcMissingAuthorizationCodeError{})
 		return
 	}
 
 	// Validate that refresh_token is provided for refresh_token grant type
-	if input.GrantType == "refresh_token" && input.RefreshToken == "" {
+	if input.GrantType == service.GrantTypeRefreshToken && input.RefreshToken == "" {
 		_ = c.Error(&common.OidcMissingRefreshTokenError{})
 		return
 	}
@@ -155,8 +159,7 @@ func (oc *OidcController) createTokensHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		input.ClientID, input.ClientSecret, _ = c.Request.BasicAuth()
 	}
 
-	idToken, accessToken, refreshToken, expiresIn, err :=
-		oc.oidcService.CreateTokens(c.Request.Context(), input)
+	tokens, err := oc.oidcService.CreateTokens(c.Request.Context(), input)
 
 	switch {
 	case errors.Is(err, &common.OidcAuthorizationPendingError{}):
@@ -174,23 +177,13 @@ func (oc *OidcController) createTokensHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	response := dto.OidcTokenResponseDto{
-		AccessToken: accessToken,
-		TokenType:   "Bearer",
-		ExpiresIn:   expiresIn,
-	}
-
-	// Include ID token only for authorization_code grant
-	if idToken != "" {
-		response.IdToken = idToken
-	}
-
-	// Include refresh token if generated
-	if refreshToken != "" {
-		response.RefreshToken = refreshToken
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, response)
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, dto.OidcTokenResponseDto{
+		AccessToken:  tokens.AccessToken,
+		TokenType:    "Bearer",
+		ExpiresIn:    int(tokens.ExpiresIn.Seconds()),
+		IdToken:      tokens.IdToken,      // May be empty
+		RefreshToken: tokens.RefreshToken, // May be empty
+	})
 }
 
 // userInfoHandler godoc
@@ -209,7 +202,7 @@ func (oc *OidcController) userInfoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	token, err := oc.jwtService.VerifyOauthAccessToken(authToken)
+	token, err := oc.jwtService.VerifyOAuthAccessToken(authToken)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -238,7 +231,6 @@ func (oc *OidcController) userInfoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Description End user session and handle OIDC logout
 // @Tags OIDC
 // @Accept application/x-www-form-urlencoded
-// @Produce html
 // @Param id_token_hint query string false "ID token"
 // @Param post_logout_redirect_uri query string false "URL to redirect to after logout"
 // @Param state query string false "State parameter to include in the redirect"
@@ -318,9 +310,21 @@ func (oc *OidcController) introspectTokenHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	// find valid tokens) while still allowing it to be used by an application that is
 	// supposed to interact with our IdP (since that needs to have a client_id
 	// and client_secret anyway).
-	clientID, clientSecret, _ := c.Request.BasicAuth()
+	var (
+		creds service.ClientAuthCredentials
+		ok    bool
+	)
+	creds.ClientID, creds.ClientSecret, ok = c.Request.BasicAuth()
+	if !ok {
+		// If there's no basic auth, check if we have a bearer token
+		bearer, ok := utils.BearerAuth(c.Request)
+		if ok {
+			creds.ClientAssertionType = service.ClientAssertionTypeJWTBearer
+			creds.ClientAssertion = bearer
+		}
+	}
 
-	response, err := oc.oidcService.IntrospectToken(c.Request.Context(), clientID, clientSecret, input.Token)
+	response, err := oc.oidcService.IntrospectToken(c.Request.Context(), creds, input.Token)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -362,7 +366,6 @@ func (oc *OidcController) getClientMetaDataHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Produce json
 // @Param id path string true "Client ID"
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.OidcClientWithAllowedUserGroupsDto "Client information"
-// @Security BearerAuth
 // @Router /api/oidc/clients/{id} [get]
 func (oc *OidcController) getClientHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	clientId := c.Param("id")
@@ -374,12 +377,12 @@ func (oc *OidcController) getClientHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 
 	clientDto := dto.OidcClientWithAllowedUserGroupsDto{}
 	err = dto.MapStruct(client, &clientDto)
-	if err == nil {
-		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, clientDto)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
 
-	_ = c.Error(err)
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, clientDto)
 }
 
 // listClientsHandler godoc
@@ -387,12 +390,11 @@ func (oc *OidcController) getClientHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Description Get a paginated list of OIDC clients with optional search and sorting
 // @Tags OIDC
 // @Param search query string false "Search term to filter clients by name"
-// @Param page query int false "Page number, starting from 1" default(1)
-// @Param limit query int false "Number of items per page" default(10)
-// @Param sort_column query string false "Column to sort by" default("name")
-// @Param sort_direction query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
-// @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.OidcClientDto]
-// @Security BearerAuth
+// @Param pagination[page] query int false "Page number for pagination" default(1)
+// @Param pagination[limit] query int false "Number of items per page" default(20)
+// @Param sort[column] query string false "Column to sort by"
+// @Param sort[direction] query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
+// @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.OidcClientWithAllowedGroupsCountDto]
 // @Router /api/oidc/clients [get]
 func (oc *OidcController) listClientsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	searchTerm := c.Query("search")
@@ -408,13 +410,23 @@ func (oc *OidcController) listClientsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	var clientsDto []dto.OidcClientDto
-	if err := dto.MapStructList(clients, &clientsDto); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
+	// Map the user groups to DTOs
+	var clientsDto = make([]dto.OidcClientWithAllowedGroupsCountDto, len(clients))
+	for i, client := range clients {
+		var clientDto dto.OidcClientWithAllowedGroupsCountDto
+		if err := dto.MapStruct(client, &clientDto); err != nil {
+			_ = c.Error(err)
+			return
+		}
+		clientDto.AllowedUserGroupsCount, err = oc.oidcService.GetAllowedGroupsCountOfClient(c, client.ID)
+		if err != nil {
+			_ = c.Error(err)
+			return
+		}
+		clientsDto[i] = clientDto
 	}
 
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, dto.Paginated[dto.OidcClientDto]{
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, dto.Paginated[dto.OidcClientWithAllowedGroupsCountDto]{
 		Data:       clientsDto,
 		Pagination: pagination,
 	})
@@ -428,7 +440,6 @@ func (oc *OidcController) listClientsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Produce json
 // @Param client body dto.OidcClientCreateDto true "Client information"
 // @Success 201 {object} dto.OidcClientWithAllowedUserGroupsDto "Created client"
-// @Security BearerAuth
 // @Router /api/oidc/clients [post]
 func (oc *OidcController) createClientHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	var input dto.OidcClientCreateDto
@@ -458,7 +469,6 @@ func (oc *OidcController) createClientHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Tags OIDC
 // @Param id path string true "Client ID"
 // @Success 204 "No Content"
-// @Security BearerAuth
 // @Router /api/oidc/clients/{id} [delete]
 func (oc *OidcController) deleteClientHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	err := oc.oidcService.DeleteClient(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"))
@@ -479,7 +489,6 @@ func (oc *OidcController) deleteClientHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Param id path string true "Client ID"
 // @Param client body dto.OidcClientCreateDto true "Client information"
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.OidcClientWithAllowedUserGroupsDto "Updated client"
-// @Security BearerAuth
 // @Router /api/oidc/clients/{id} [put]
 func (oc *OidcController) updateClientHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	var input dto.OidcClientCreateDto
@@ -510,7 +519,6 @@ func (oc *OidcController) updateClientHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Produce json
 // @Param id path string true "Client ID"
 // @Success 200 {object} object "{ \"secret\": \"string\" }"
-// @Security BearerAuth
 // @Router /api/oidc/clients/{id}/secret [post]
 func (oc *OidcController) createClientSecretHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	secret, err := oc.oidcService.CreateClientSecret(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"))
@@ -539,6 +547,8 @@ func (oc *OidcController) getClientLogoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	utils.SetCacheControlHeader(c, 15*time.Minute, 12*time.Hour)
+
 	c.Header("Content-Type", mimeType)
 	c.File(imagePath)
 }
@@ -549,9 +559,8 @@ func (oc *OidcController) getClientLogoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Tags OIDC
 // @Accept multipart/form-data
 // @Param id path string true "Client ID"
-// @Param file formData file true "Logo image file (PNG, JPG, or SVG, max 2MB)"
+// @Param file formData file true "Logo image file (PNG, JPG, or SVG)"
 // @Success 204 "No Content"
-// @Security BearerAuth
 // @Router /api/oidc/clients/{id}/logo [post]
 func (oc *OidcController) updateClientLogoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	file, err := c.FormFile("file")
@@ -575,7 +584,6 @@ func (oc *OidcController) updateClientLogoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Tags OIDC
 // @Param id path string true "Client ID"
 // @Success 204 "No Content"
-// @Security BearerAuth
 // @Router /api/oidc/clients/{id}/logo [delete]
 func (oc *OidcController) deleteClientLogoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	err := oc.oidcService.DeleteClientLogo(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"))
@@ -596,7 +604,6 @@ func (oc *OidcController) deleteClientLogoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Param id path string true "Client ID"
 // @Param groups body dto.OidcUpdateAllowedUserGroupsDto true "User group IDs"
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.OidcClientDto "Updated client"
-// @Security BearerAuth
 // @Router /api/oidc/clients/{id}/allowed-user-groups [put]
 func (oc *OidcController) updateAllowedUserGroupsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	var input dto.OidcUpdateAllowedUserGroupsDto
@@ -641,6 +648,62 @@ func (oc *OidcController) deviceAuthorizationHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, response)
 }
 
+// listOwnAuthorizedClientsHandler godoc
+// @Summary List authorized clients for current user
+// @Description Get a paginated list of OIDC clients that the current user has authorized
+// @Tags OIDC
+// @Param pagination[page] query int false "Page number for pagination" default(1)
+// @Param pagination[limit] query int false "Number of items per page" default(20)
+// @Param sort[column] query string false "Column to sort by"
+// @Param sort[direction] query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
+// @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.AuthorizedOidcClientDto]
+// @Router /api/oidc/users/me/clients [get]
+func (oc *OidcController) listOwnAuthorizedClientsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	userID := c.GetString("userID")
+	oc.listAuthorizedClients(c, userID)
+}
+
+// listAuthorizedClientsHandler godoc
+// @Summary List authorized clients for a user
+// @Description Get a paginated list of OIDC clients that a specific user has authorized
+// @Tags OIDC
+// @Param id path string true "User ID"
+// @Param pagination[page] query int false "Page number for pagination" default(1)
+// @Param pagination[limit] query int false "Number of items per page" default(20)
+// @Param sort[column] query string false "Column to sort by"
+// @Param sort[direction] query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
+// @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.AuthorizedOidcClientDto]
+// @Router /api/oidc/users/{id}/clients [get]
+func (oc *OidcController) listAuthorizedClientsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	userID := c.Param("id")
+	oc.listAuthorizedClients(c, userID)
+}
+
+func (oc *OidcController) listAuthorizedClients(c *gin.Context, userID string) {
+	var sortedPaginationRequest utils.SortedPaginationRequest
+	if err := c.ShouldBindQuery(&sortedPaginationRequest); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+	authorizedClients, pagination, err := oc.oidcService.ListAuthorizedClients(c.Request.Context(), userID, sortedPaginationRequest)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Map the clients to DTOs
+	var authorizedClientsDto []dto.AuthorizedOidcClientDto
+	if err := dto.MapStructList(authorizedClients, &authorizedClientsDto); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, dto.Paginated[dto.AuthorizedOidcClientDto]{
+		Data:       authorizedClientsDto,
+		Pagination: pagination,
+	})
+}
+
 func (oc *OidcController) verifyDeviceCodeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	userCode := c.Query("code")
 	if userCode == "" {
@@ -676,3 +739,43 @@ func (oc *OidcController) getDeviceCodeInfoHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, deviceCodeInfo)
 }
+
+// getClientPreviewHandler godoc
+// @Summary Preview OIDC client data for user
+// @Description Get a preview of the OIDC data (ID token, access token, userinfo) that would be sent to the client for a specific user
+// @Tags OIDC
+// @Produce json
+// @Param id path string true "Client ID"
+// @Param userId path string true "User ID to preview data for"
+// @Param scopes query string false "Scopes to include in the preview (comma-separated)"
+// @Success 200 {object} dto.OidcClientPreviewDto "Preview data including ID token, access token, and userinfo payloads"
+// @Security BearerAuth
+// @Router /api/oidc/clients/{id}/preview/{userId} [get]
+func (oc *OidcController) getClientPreviewHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	clientID := c.Param("id")
+	userID := c.Param("userId")
+	scopes := c.Query("scopes")
+
+	if clientID == "" {
+		_ = c.Error(&common.ValidationError{Message: "client ID is required"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	if userID == "" {
+		_ = c.Error(&common.ValidationError{Message: "user ID is required"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	if scopes == "" {
+		_ = c.Error(&common.ValidationError{Message: "scopes are required"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	preview, err := oc.oidcService.GetClientPreview(c.Request.Context(), clientID, userID, scopes)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, preview)
+}

backend/internal/controller/user_controller.go

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/cookie"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/dto"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/middleware"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
@@ -45,11 +44,17 @@ func NewUserController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMi
 	group.POST("/users/:id/one-time-access-token", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.createAdminOneTimeAccessTokenHandler)
 	group.POST("/users/:id/one-time-access-email", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsAdminHandler)
 	group.POST("/one-time-access-token/:token", rateLimitMiddleware.Add(rate.Every(10*time.Second), 5), uc.exchangeOneTimeAccessTokenHandler)
-	group.POST("/one-time-access-token/setup", uc.getSetupAccessTokenHandler)
 	group.POST("/one-time-access-email", rateLimitMiddleware.Add(rate.Every(10*time.Minute), 3), uc.RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsUnauthenticatedUserHandler)
 
 	group.DELETE("/users/:id/profile-picture", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.resetUserProfilePictureHandler)
 	group.DELETE("/users/me/profile-picture", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), uc.resetCurrentUserProfilePictureHandler)
+
+	group.POST("/signup-tokens", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.createSignupTokenHandler)
+	group.GET("/signup-tokens", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.listSignupTokensHandler)
+	group.DELETE("/signup-tokens/:id", authMiddleware.Add(), uc.deleteSignupTokenHandler)
+	group.POST("/signup", rateLimitMiddleware.Add(rate.Every(1*time.Minute), 10), uc.signupHandler)
+	group.POST("/signup/setup", uc.signUpInitialAdmin)
+
 }
 
 type UserController struct {
@@ -86,10 +91,10 @@ func (uc *UserController) getUserGroupsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Description Get a paginated list of users with optional search and sorting
 // @Tags Users
 // @Param search query string false "Search term to filter users"
-// @Param page query int false "Page number, starting from 1" default(1)
-// @Param limit query int false "Number of items per page" default(10)
-// @Param sort_column query string false "Column to sort by" default("created_at")
-// @Param sort_direction query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("desc")
+// @Param pagination[page] query int false "Page number for pagination" default(1)
+// @Param pagination[limit] query int false "Number of items per page" default(20)
+// @Param sort[column] query string false "Column to sort by"
+// @Param sort[direction] query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.UserDto]
 // @Router /api/users [get]
 func (uc *UserController) listUsersHandler(c *gin.Context) {
@@ -228,10 +233,6 @@ func (uc *UserController) updateUserHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.UserDto
 // @Router /api/users/me [put]
 func (uc *UserController) updateCurrentUserHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	if !uc.appConfigService.GetDbConfig().AllowOwnAccountEdit.IsTrue() {
-		_ = c.Error(&common.AccountEditNotAllowedError{})
-		return
-	}
 	uc.updateUser(c, true)
 }
 
@@ -255,10 +256,7 @@ func (uc *UserController) getUserProfilePictureHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		defer picture.Close()
 	}
 
-	_, ok := c.GetQuery("skipCache")
-	if !ok {
-		c.Header("Cache-Control", "public, max-age=900")
-	}
+	utils.SetCacheControlHeader(c, 15*time.Minute, 1*time.Hour)
 
 	c.DataFromReader(http.StatusOK, size, "image/png", picture, nil)
 }
@@ -448,14 +446,23 @@ func (uc *UserController) exchangeOneTimeAccessTokenHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, userDto)
 }
 
-// getSetupAccessTokenHandler godoc
-// @Summary Setup initial admin
-// @Description Generate setup access token for initial admin user configuration
+// signUpInitialAdmin godoc
+// @Summary Sign up initial admin user
+// @Description Sign up and generate setup access token for initial admin user
 // @Tags Users
+// @Accept json
+// @Produce json
+// @Param body body dto.SignUpDto true "User information"
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.UserDto
-// @Router /api/one-time-access-token/setup [post]
-func (uc *UserController) getSetupAccessTokenHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	user, token, err := uc.userService.SetupInitialAdmin(c.Request.Context())
+// @Router /api/signup/setup [post]
+func (uc *UserController) signUpInitialAdmin(c *gin.Context) {
+	var input dto.SignUpDto
+	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	user, token, err := uc.userService.SignUpInitialAdmin(c.Request.Context(), input)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -503,6 +510,128 @@ func (uc *UserController) updateUserGroups(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, userDto)
 }
 
+// createSignupTokenHandler godoc
+// @Summary Create signup token
+// @Description Create a new signup token that allows user registration
+// @Tags Users
+// @Accept json
+// @Produce json
+// @Param token body dto.SignupTokenCreateDto true "Signup token information"
+// @Success 201 {object} dto.SignupTokenDto
+// @Router /api/signup-tokens [post]
+func (uc *UserController) createSignupTokenHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	var input dto.SignupTokenCreateDto
+	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	signupToken, err := uc.userService.CreateSignupToken(c.Request.Context(), input.ExpiresAt, input.UsageLimit)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var tokenDto dto.SignupTokenDto
+	if err := dto.MapStruct(signupToken, &tokenDto); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusCreated, tokenDto)
+}
+
+// listSignupTokensHandler godoc
+// @Summary List signup tokens
+// @Description Get a paginated list of signup tokens
+// @Tags Users
+// @Param pagination[page] query int false "Page number for pagination" default(1)
+// @Param pagination[limit] query int false "Number of items per page" default(20)
+// @Param sort[column] query string false "Column to sort by"
+// @Param sort[direction] query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
+// @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.SignupTokenDto]
+// @Router /api/signup-tokens [get]
+func (uc *UserController) listSignupTokensHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	var sortedPaginationRequest utils.SortedPaginationRequest
+	if err := c.ShouldBindQuery(&sortedPaginationRequest); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	tokens, pagination, err := uc.userService.ListSignupTokens(c.Request.Context(), sortedPaginationRequest)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var tokensDto []dto.SignupTokenDto
+	if err := dto.MapStructList(tokens, &tokensDto); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, dto.Paginated[dto.SignupTokenDto]{
+		Data:       tokensDto,
+		Pagination: pagination,
+	})
+}
+
+// deleteSignupTokenHandler godoc
+// @Summary Delete signup token
+// @Description Delete a signup token by ID
+// @Tags Users
+// @Param id path string true "Token ID"
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/signup-tokens/{id} [delete]
+func (uc *UserController) deleteSignupTokenHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	tokenID := c.Param("id")
+
+	err := uc.userService.DeleteSignupToken(c.Request.Context(), tokenID)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// signupWithTokenHandler godoc
+// @Summary Sign up
+// @Description Create a new user account
+// @Tags Users
+// @Accept json
+// @Produce json
+// @Param user body dto.SignUpDto true "User information"
+// @Success 201 {object} dto.SignUpDto
+// @Router /api/signup [post]
+func (uc *UserController) signupHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	var input dto.SignUpDto
+	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ipAddress := c.ClientIP()
+	userAgent := c.GetHeader("User-Agent")
+
+	user, accessToken, err := uc.userService.SignUp(c.Request.Context(), input, ipAddress, userAgent)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	maxAge := int(uc.appConfigService.GetDbConfig().SessionDuration.AsDurationMinutes().Seconds())
+	cookie.AddAccessTokenCookie(c, maxAge, accessToken)
+
+	var userDto dto.UserDto
+	if err := dto.MapStruct(user, &userDto); err != nil {
+		_ = c.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusCreated, userDto)
+}
+
 // updateUser is an internal helper method, not exposed as an API endpoint
 func (uc *UserController) updateUser(c *gin.Context, updateOwnUser bool) {
 	var input dto.UserCreateDto

backend/internal/controller/user_group_controller.go

@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ type UserGroupController struct {
 // @Description Get a paginated list of user groups with optional search and sorting
 // @Tags User Groups
 // @Param search query string false "Search term to filter user groups by name"
-// @Param page query int false "Page number, starting from 1" default(1)
-// @Param limit query int false "Number of items per page" default(10)
-// @Param sort_column query string false "Column to sort by" default("name")
-// @Param sort_direction query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
+// @Param pagination[page] query int false "Page number for pagination" default(1)
+// @Param pagination[limit] query int false "Number of items per page" default(20)
+// @Param sort[column] query string false "Column to sort by"
+// @Param sort[direction] query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.UserGroupDtoWithUserCount]
 // @Router /api/user-groups [get]
 func (ugc *UserGroupController) list(c *gin.Context) {
@@ -92,7 +92,6 @@ func (ugc *UserGroupController) list(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Produce json
 // @Param id path string true "User Group ID"
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.UserGroupDtoWithUsers
-// @Security BearerAuth
 // @Router /api/user-groups/{id} [get]
 func (ugc *UserGroupController) get(c *gin.Context) {
 	group, err := ugc.UserGroupService.Get(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"))
@@ -118,7 +117,6 @@ func (ugc *UserGroupController) get(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Produce json
 // @Param userGroup body dto.UserGroupCreateDto true "User group information"
 // @Success 201 {object} dto.UserGroupDtoWithUsers "Created user group"
-// @Security BearerAuth
 // @Router /api/user-groups [post]
 func (ugc *UserGroupController) create(c *gin.Context) {
 	var input dto.UserGroupCreateDto
@@ -151,7 +149,6 @@ func (ugc *UserGroupController) create(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Param id path string true "User Group ID"
 // @Param userGroup body dto.UserGroupCreateDto true "User group information"
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.UserGroupDtoWithUsers "Updated user group"
-// @Security BearerAuth
 // @Router /api/user-groups/{id} [put]
 func (ugc *UserGroupController) update(c *gin.Context) {
 	var input dto.UserGroupCreateDto
@@ -183,7 +180,6 @@ func (ugc *UserGroupController) update(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Produce json
 // @Param id path string true "User Group ID"
 // @Success 204 "No Content"
-// @Security BearerAuth
 // @Router /api/user-groups/{id} [delete]
 func (ugc *UserGroupController) delete(c *gin.Context) {
 	if err := ugc.UserGroupService.Delete(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id")); err != nil {
@@ -203,7 +199,6 @@ func (ugc *UserGroupController) delete(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Param id path string true "User Group ID"
 // @Param users body dto.UserGroupUpdateUsersDto true "List of user IDs to assign to this group"
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.UserGroupDtoWithUsers
-// @Security BearerAuth
 // @Router /api/user-groups/{id}/users [put]
 func (ugc *UserGroupController) updateUsers(c *gin.Context) {
 	var input dto.UserGroupUpdateUsersDto

backend/internal/controller/well_known_controller.go

@@ -69,20 +69,21 @@ func (wkc *WellKnownController) computeOIDCConfiguration() ([]byte, error) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get key algorithm: %w", err)
 	}
 	config := map[string]any{
-		"issuer":                                appUrl,
-		"authorization_endpoint":                appUrl + "/authorize",
-		"token_endpoint":                        appUrl + "/api/oidc/token",
-		"userinfo_endpoint":                     appUrl + "/api/oidc/userinfo",
-		"end_session_endpoint":                  appUrl + "/api/oidc/end-session",
-		"introspection_endpoint":                appUrl + "/api/oidc/introspect",
-		"device_authorization_endpoint":         appUrl + "/api/oidc/device/authorize",
-		"jwks_uri":                              appUrl + "/.well-known/jwks.json",
-		"grant_types_supported":                 []string{"authorization_code", "refresh_token", "urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:device_code"},
-		"scopes_supported":                      []string{"openid", "profile", "email", "groups"},
-		"claims_supported":                      []string{"sub", "given_name", "family_name", "name", "email", "email_verified", "preferred_username", "picture", "groups"},
-		"response_types_supported":              []string{"code", "id_token"},
-		"subject_types_supported":               []string{"public"},
-		"id_token_signing_alg_values_supported": []string{alg.String()},
+		"issuer":                                         appUrl,
+		"authorization_endpoint":                         appUrl + "/authorize",
+		"token_endpoint":                                 appUrl + "/api/oidc/token",
+		"userinfo_endpoint":                              appUrl + "/api/oidc/userinfo",
+		"end_session_endpoint":                           appUrl + "/api/oidc/end-session",
+		"introspection_endpoint":                         appUrl + "/api/oidc/introspect",
+		"device_authorization_endpoint":                  appUrl + "/api/oidc/device/authorize",
+		"jwks_uri":                                       appUrl + "/.well-known/jwks.json",
+		"grant_types_supported":                          []string{service.GrantTypeAuthorizationCode, service.GrantTypeRefreshToken, service.GrantTypeDeviceCode},
+		"scopes_supported":                               []string{"openid", "profile", "email", "groups"},
+		"claims_supported":                               []string{"sub", "given_name", "family_name", "name", "email", "email_verified", "preferred_username", "picture", "groups"},
+		"response_types_supported":                       []string{"code", "id_token"},
+		"subject_types_supported":                        []string{"public"},
+		"id_token_signing_alg_values_supported":          []string{alg.String()},
+		"authorization_response_iss_parameter_supported": true,
 	}
 	return json.Marshal(config)
 }

backend/internal/dto/app_config_dto.go

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ type AppConfigUpdateDto struct {
 	EmailsVerified                             string `json:"emailsVerified" binding:"required"`
 	DisableAnimations                          string `json:"disableAnimations" binding:"required"`
 	AllowOwnAccountEdit                        string `json:"allowOwnAccountEdit" binding:"required"`
+	AllowUserSignups                           string `json:"allowUserSignups" binding:"required,oneof=disabled withToken open"`
+	AccentColor                                string `json:"accentColor"`
 	SmtpHost                                   string `json:"smtpHost"`
 	SmtpPort                                   string `json:"smtpPort"`
 	SmtpFrom                                   string `json:"smtpFrom" binding:"omitempty,email"`

backend/internal/dto/audit_log_dto.go

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package dto
 
 import (
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
 	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
 )
 
@@ -9,18 +8,19 @@ type AuditLogDto struct {
 	ID        string            `json:"id"`
 	CreatedAt datatype.DateTime `json:"createdAt"`
 
-	Event     model.AuditLogEvent `json:"event"`
-	IpAddress string              `json:"ipAddress"`
-	Country   string              `json:"country"`
-	City      string              `json:"city"`
-	Device    string              `json:"device"`
-	UserID    string              `json:"userID"`
-	Username  string              `json:"username"`
-	Data      model.AuditLogData  `json:"data"`
+	Event     string            `json:"event"`
+	IpAddress string            `json:"ipAddress"`
+	Country   string            `json:"country"`
+	City      string            `json:"city"`
+	Device    string            `json:"device"`
+	UserID    string            `json:"userID"`
+	Username  string            `json:"username"`
+	Data      map[string]string `json:"data"`
 }
 
 type AuditLogFilterDto struct {
 	UserID     string `form:"filters[userId]"`
 	Event      string `form:"filters[event]"`
 	ClientName string `form:"filters[clientName]"`
+	Location   string `form:"filters[location]"`
 }

backend/internal/dto/dto_mapper.go

@@ -1,109 +1,27 @@
 package dto
 
 import (
-	"errors"
-	"reflect"
-	"time"
+	"fmt"
 
-	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+	"github.com/jinzhu/copier"
 )
 
 // MapStructList maps a list of source structs to a list of destination structs
-func MapStructList[S any, D any](source []S, destination *[]D) error {
-	*destination = make([]D, 0, len(source))
+func MapStructList[S any, D any](source []S, destination *[]D) (err error) {
+	*destination = make([]D, len(source))
 
-	for _, item := range source {
-		var destItem D
-		if err := MapStruct(item, &destItem); err != nil {
-			return err
+	for i, item := range source {
+		err = MapStruct(item, &((*destination)[i]))
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to map field %d: %w", i, err)
 		}
-		*destination = append(*destination, destItem)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
 // MapStruct maps a source struct to a destination struct
-func MapStruct[S any, D any](source S, destination *D) error {
-	// Ensure destination is a non-nil pointer
-	destValue := reflect.ValueOf(destination)
-	if destValue.Kind() != reflect.Ptr || destValue.IsNil() {
-		return errors.New("destination must be a non-nil pointer to a struct")
-	}
-
-	// Ensure source is a struct
-	sourceValue := reflect.ValueOf(source)
-	if sourceValue.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
-		return errors.New("source must be a struct")
-	}
-
-	return mapStructInternal(sourceValue, destValue.Elem())
-}
-
-func mapStructInternal(sourceVal reflect.Value, destVal reflect.Value) error {
-	for i := 0; i < destVal.NumField(); i++ {
-		destField := destVal.Field(i)
-		destFieldType := destVal.Type().Field(i)
-
-		if destFieldType.Anonymous {
-			if err := mapStructInternal(sourceVal, destField); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			continue
-		}
-
-		sourceField := sourceVal.FieldByName(destFieldType.Name)
-
-		if sourceField.IsValid() && destField.CanSet() {
-			if err := mapField(sourceField, destField); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func mapField(sourceField reflect.Value, destField reflect.Value) error {
-	switch {
-	case sourceField.Type() == destField.Type():
-		destField.Set(sourceField)
-	case sourceField.Kind() == reflect.Slice && destField.Kind() == reflect.Slice:
-		return mapSlice(sourceField, destField)
-	case sourceField.Kind() == reflect.Struct && destField.Kind() == reflect.Struct:
-		return mapStructInternal(sourceField, destField)
-	default:
-		return mapSpecialTypes(sourceField, destField)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func mapSlice(sourceField reflect.Value, destField reflect.Value) error {
-	if sourceField.Type().Elem() == destField.Type().Elem() {
-		newSlice := reflect.MakeSlice(destField.Type(), sourceField.Len(), sourceField.Cap())
-		for j := 0; j < sourceField.Len(); j++ {
-			newSlice.Index(j).Set(sourceField.Index(j))
-		}
-		destField.Set(newSlice)
-	} else if sourceField.Type().Elem().Kind() == reflect.Struct && destField.Type().Elem().Kind() == reflect.Struct {
-		newSlice := reflect.MakeSlice(destField.Type(), sourceField.Len(), sourceField.Cap())
-		for j := 0; j < sourceField.Len(); j++ {
-			sourceElem := sourceField.Index(j)
-			destElem := reflect.New(destField.Type().Elem()).Elem()
-			if err := mapStructInternal(sourceElem, destElem); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			newSlice.Index(j).Set(destElem)
-		}
-		destField.Set(newSlice)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func mapSpecialTypes(sourceField reflect.Value, destField reflect.Value) error {
-	if _, ok := sourceField.Interface().(datatype.DateTime); ok {
-		if sourceField.Type() == reflect.TypeOf(datatype.DateTime{}) && destField.Type() == reflect.TypeOf(time.Time{}) {
-			dateValue := sourceField.Interface().(datatype.DateTime)
-			destField.Set(reflect.ValueOf(dateValue.ToTime()))
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
+func MapStruct(source any, destination any) error {
+	return copier.CopyWithOption(destination, source, copier.Option{
+		DeepCopy: true,
+	})
 }

backend/internal/dto/dto_mapper_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+package dto
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
+	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+)
+
+type sourceStruct struct {
+	AString            string
+	AStringPtr         *string
+	ABool              bool
+	ABoolPtr           *bool
+	ACustomDateTime    datatype.DateTime
+	ACustomDateTimePtr *datatype.DateTime
+	ANilStringPtr      *string
+	ASlice             []string
+	AMap               map[string]int
+	AStruct            embeddedStruct
+	AStructPtr         *embeddedStruct
+
+	StringPtrToString      *string
+	EmptyStringPtrToString *string
+	NilStringPtrToString   *string
+	IntToInt64             int
+	AuditLogEventToString  model.AuditLogEvent
+}
+
+type destStruct struct {
+	AString            string
+	AStringPtr         *string
+	ABool              bool
+	ABoolPtr           *bool
+	ACustomDateTime    datatype.DateTime
+	ACustomDateTimePtr *datatype.DateTime
+	ANilStringPtr      *string
+	ASlice             []string
+	AMap               map[string]int
+	AStruct            embeddedStruct
+	AStructPtr         *embeddedStruct
+
+	StringPtrToString      string
+	EmptyStringPtrToString string
+	NilStringPtrToString   string
+	IntToInt64             int64
+	AuditLogEventToString  string
+}
+
+type embeddedStruct struct {
+	Foo string
+	Bar int64
+}
+
+func TestMapStruct(t *testing.T) {
+	src := sourceStruct{
+		AString:            "abcd",
+		AStringPtr:         utils.Ptr("xyz"),
+		ABool:              true,
+		ABoolPtr:           utils.Ptr(false),
+		ACustomDateTime:    datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2025, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, time.UTC)),
+		ACustomDateTimePtr: utils.Ptr(datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2024, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, time.UTC))),
+		ANilStringPtr:      nil,
+		ASlice:             []string{"a", "b", "c"},
+		AMap: map[string]int{
+			"a": 1,
+			"b": 2,
+		},
+		AStruct: embeddedStruct{
+			Foo: "bar",
+			Bar: 42,
+		},
+		AStructPtr: &embeddedStruct{
+			Foo: "quo",
+			Bar: 111,
+		},
+
+		StringPtrToString:      utils.Ptr("foobar"),
+		EmptyStringPtrToString: utils.Ptr(""),
+		NilStringPtrToString:   nil,
+		IntToInt64:             99,
+		AuditLogEventToString:  model.AuditLogEventAccountCreated,
+	}
+	var dst destStruct
+	err := MapStruct(src, &dst)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, src.AString, dst.AString)
+	_ = assert.NotNil(t, src.AStringPtr) &&
+		assert.Equal(t, *src.AStringPtr, *dst.AStringPtr)
+	assert.Equal(t, src.ABool, dst.ABool)
+	_ = assert.NotNil(t, src.ABoolPtr) &&
+		assert.Equal(t, *src.ABoolPtr, *dst.ABoolPtr)
+	assert.Equal(t, src.ACustomDateTime, dst.ACustomDateTime)
+	_ = assert.NotNil(t, src.ACustomDateTimePtr) &&
+		assert.Equal(t, *src.ACustomDateTimePtr, *dst.ACustomDateTimePtr)
+	assert.Nil(t, dst.ANilStringPtr)
+	assert.Equal(t, src.ASlice, dst.ASlice)
+	assert.Equal(t, src.AMap, dst.AMap)
+	assert.Equal(t, "bar", dst.AStruct.Foo)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(42), dst.AStruct.Bar)
+	_ = assert.NotNil(t, src.AStructPtr) &&
+		assert.Equal(t, "quo", dst.AStructPtr.Foo) &&
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(111), dst.AStructPtr.Bar)
+	assert.Equal(t, "foobar", dst.StringPtrToString)
+	assert.Empty(t, dst.EmptyStringPtrToString)
+	assert.Empty(t, dst.NilStringPtrToString)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(99), dst.IntToInt64)
+	assert.Equal(t, "ACCOUNT_CREATED", dst.AuditLogEventToString)
+}
+
+func TestMapStructList(t *testing.T) {
+	sources := []sourceStruct{
+		{
+			AString:            "first",
+			AStringPtr:         utils.Ptr("one"),
+			ABool:              true,
+			ABoolPtr:           utils.Ptr(false),
+			ACustomDateTime:    datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2025, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, time.UTC)),
+			ACustomDateTimePtr: utils.Ptr(datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2024, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, time.UTC))),
+			ASlice:             []string{"a", "b"},
+			AMap: map[string]int{
+				"a": 1,
+				"b": 2,
+			},
+			AStruct: embeddedStruct{
+				Foo: "first_struct",
+				Bar: 10,
+			},
+			IntToInt64: 10,
+		},
+		{
+			AString:            "second",
+			AStringPtr:         utils.Ptr("two"),
+			ABool:              false,
+			ABoolPtr:           utils.Ptr(true),
+			ACustomDateTime:    datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2026, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 0, time.UTC)),
+			ACustomDateTimePtr: utils.Ptr(datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2023, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 0, time.UTC))),
+			ASlice:             []string{"c", "d", "e"},
+			AMap: map[string]int{
+				"c": 3,
+				"d": 4,
+			},
+			AStruct: embeddedStruct{
+				Foo: "second_struct",
+				Bar: 20,
+			},
+			IntToInt64: 20,
+		},
+	}
+
+	var destinations []destStruct
+	err := MapStructList(sources, &destinations)
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, destinations, 2)
+
+	// Verify first element
+	assert.Equal(t, "first", destinations[0].AString)
+	assert.Equal(t, "one", *destinations[0].AStringPtr)
+	assert.True(t, destinations[0].ABool)
+	assert.False(t, *destinations[0].ABoolPtr)
+	assert.Equal(t, datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2025, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, time.UTC)), destinations[0].ACustomDateTime)
+	assert.Equal(t, datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2024, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, time.UTC)), *destinations[0].ACustomDateTimePtr)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"a", "b"}, destinations[0].ASlice)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}, destinations[0].AMap)
+	assert.Equal(t, "first_struct", destinations[0].AStruct.Foo)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(10), destinations[0].AStruct.Bar)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(10), destinations[0].IntToInt64)
+
+	// Verify second element
+	assert.Equal(t, "second", destinations[1].AString)
+	assert.Equal(t, "two", *destinations[1].AStringPtr)
+	assert.False(t, destinations[1].ABool)
+	assert.True(t, *destinations[1].ABoolPtr)
+	assert.Equal(t, datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2026, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 0, time.UTC)), destinations[1].ACustomDateTime)
+	assert.Equal(t, datatype.DateTime(time.Date(2023, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 0, time.UTC)), *destinations[1].ACustomDateTimePtr)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"c", "d", "e"}, destinations[1].ASlice)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"c": 3, "d": 4}, destinations[1].AMap)
+	assert.Equal(t, "second_struct", destinations[1].AStruct.Foo)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(20), destinations[1].AStruct.Bar)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(20), destinations[1].IntToInt64)
+}
+
+func TestMapStructList_EmptySource(t *testing.T) {
+	var sources []sourceStruct
+	var destinations []destStruct
+
+	err := MapStructList(sources, &destinations)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, destinations)
+}

backend/internal/dto/oidc_dto.go

@@ -8,10 +8,11 @@ type OidcClientMetaDataDto struct {
 
 type OidcClientDto struct {
 	OidcClientMetaDataDto
-	CallbackURLs       []string `json:"callbackURLs"`
-	LogoutCallbackURLs []string `json:"logoutCallbackURLs"`
-	IsPublic           bool     `json:"isPublic"`
-	PkceEnabled        bool     `json:"pkceEnabled"`
+	CallbackURLs       []string                 `json:"callbackURLs"`
+	LogoutCallbackURLs []string                 `json:"logoutCallbackURLs"`
+	IsPublic           bool                     `json:"isPublic"`
+	PkceEnabled        bool                     `json:"pkceEnabled"`
+	Credentials        OidcClientCredentialsDto `json:"credentials"`
 }
 
 type OidcClientWithAllowedUserGroupsDto struct {
@@ -19,12 +20,29 @@ type OidcClientWithAllowedUserGroupsDto struct {
 	AllowedUserGroups []UserGroupDtoWithUserCount `json:"allowedUserGroups"`
 }
 
+type OidcClientWithAllowedGroupsCountDto struct {
+	OidcClientDto
+	AllowedUserGroupsCount int64 `json:"allowedUserGroupsCount"`
+}
+
 type OidcClientCreateDto struct {
-	Name               string   `json:"name" binding:"required,max=50"`
-	CallbackURLs       []string `json:"callbackURLs" binding:"required"`
-	LogoutCallbackURLs []string `json:"logoutCallbackURLs"`
-	IsPublic           bool     `json:"isPublic"`
-	PkceEnabled        bool     `json:"pkceEnabled"`
+	Name               string                   `json:"name" binding:"required,max=50"`
+	CallbackURLs       []string                 `json:"callbackURLs"`
+	LogoutCallbackURLs []string                 `json:"logoutCallbackURLs"`
+	IsPublic           bool                     `json:"isPublic"`
+	PkceEnabled        bool                     `json:"pkceEnabled"`
+	Credentials        OidcClientCredentialsDto `json:"credentials"`
+}
+
+type OidcClientCredentialsDto struct {
+	FederatedIdentities []OidcClientFederatedIdentityDto `json:"federatedIdentities,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type OidcClientFederatedIdentityDto struct {
+	Issuer   string `json:"issuer"`
+	Subject  string `json:"subject,omitempty"`
+	Audience string `json:"audience,omitempty"`
+	JWKS     string `json:"jwks,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type AuthorizeOidcClientRequestDto struct {
@@ -39,6 +57,7 @@ type AuthorizeOidcClientRequestDto struct {
 type AuthorizeOidcClientResponseDto struct {
 	Code        string `json:"code"`
 	CallbackURL string `json:"callbackURL"`
+	Issuer      string `json:"issuer"`
 }
 
 type AuthorizationRequiredDto struct {
@@ -47,13 +66,15 @@ type AuthorizationRequiredDto struct {
 }
 
 type OidcCreateTokensDto struct {
-	GrantType    string `form:"grant_type" binding:"required"`
-	Code         string `form:"code"`
-	DeviceCode   string `form:"device_code"`
-	ClientID     string `form:"client_id"`
-	ClientSecret string `form:"client_secret"`
-	CodeVerifier string `form:"code_verifier"`
-	RefreshToken string `form:"refresh_token"`
+	GrantType           string `form:"grant_type" binding:"required"`
+	Code                string `form:"code"`
+	DeviceCode          string `form:"device_code"`
+	ClientID            string `form:"client_id"`
+	ClientSecret        string `form:"client_secret"`
+	CodeVerifier        string `form:"code_verifier"`
+	RefreshToken        string `form:"refresh_token"`
+	ClientAssertion     string `form:"client_assertion"`
+	ClientAssertionType string `form:"client_assertion_type"`
 }
 
 type OidcIntrospectDto struct {
@@ -93,9 +114,11 @@ type OidcIntrospectionResponseDto struct {
 }
 
 type OidcDeviceAuthorizationRequestDto struct {
-	ClientID     string `form:"client_id" binding:"required"`
-	Scope        string `form:"scope" binding:"required"`
-	ClientSecret string `form:"client_secret"`
+	ClientID            string `form:"client_id" binding:"required"`
+	Scope               string `form:"scope" binding:"required"`
+	ClientSecret        string `form:"client_secret"`
+	ClientAssertion     string `form:"client_assertion"`
+	ClientAssertionType string `form:"client_assertion_type"`
 }
 
 type OidcDeviceAuthorizationResponseDto struct {
@@ -120,3 +143,14 @@ type DeviceCodeInfoDto struct {
 	AuthorizationRequired bool                  `json:"authorizationRequired"`
 	Client                OidcClientMetaDataDto `json:"client"`
 }
+
+type AuthorizedOidcClientDto struct {
+	Scope  string                `json:"scope"`
+	Client OidcClientMetaDataDto `json:"client"`
+}
+
+type OidcClientPreviewDto struct {
+	IdToken     map[string]any `json:"idToken"`
+	AccessToken map[string]any `json:"accessToken"`
+	UserInfo    map[string]any `json:"userInfo"`
+}

backend/internal/dto/signup_token_dto.go

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package dto
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+)
+
+type SignupTokenCreateDto struct {
+	ExpiresAt  time.Time `json:"expiresAt" binding:"required"`
+	UsageLimit int       `json:"usageLimit" binding:"required,min=1,max=100"`
+}
+
+type SignupTokenDto struct {
+	ID         string            `json:"id"`
+	Token      string            `json:"token"`
+	ExpiresAt  datatype.DateTime `json:"expiresAt"`
+	UsageLimit int               `json:"usageLimit"`
+	UsageCount int               `json:"usageCount"`
+	CreatedAt  datatype.DateTime `json:"createdAt"`
+}

backend/internal/dto/user_dto.go

@@ -44,3 +44,11 @@ type OneTimeAccessEmailAsAdminDto struct {
 type UserUpdateUserGroupDto struct {
 	UserGroupIds []string `json:"userGroupIds" binding:"required"`
 }
+
+type SignUpDto struct {
+	Username  string `json:"username" binding:"required,username,min=2,max=50"`
+	Email     string `json:"email" binding:"required,email"`
+	FirstName string `json:"firstName" binding:"required,min=1,max=50"`
+	LastName  string `json:"lastName" binding:"max=50"`
+	Token     string `json:"token"`
+}

backend/internal/dto/validations.go

@@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ import (
 	"github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
 )
 
+// [a-zA-Z0-9]      : The username must start with an alphanumeric character
+// [a-zA-Z0-9_.@-]* : The rest of the username can contain alphanumeric characters, dots, underscores, hyphens, and "@" symbols
+// [a-zA-Z0-9]$     : The username must end with an alphanumeric character
+var validateUsernameRegex = regexp.MustCompile("^[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9_.@-]*[a-zA-Z0-9]$")
+
 var validateUsername validator.Func = func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
-	// [a-zA-Z0-9]      : The username must start with an alphanumeric character
-	// [a-zA-Z0-9_.@-]* : The rest of the username can contain alphanumeric characters, dots, underscores, hyphens, and "@" symbols
-	// [a-zA-Z0-9]$     : The username must end with an alphanumeric character
-	regex := "^[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9_.@-]*[a-zA-Z0-9]$"
-	matched, _ := regexp.MatchString(regex, fl.Field().String())
-	return matched
+	return validateUsernameRegex.MatchString(fl.Field().String())
 }
 
 func init() {

backend/internal/job/analytics_job.go

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+package job
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+
+	backoff "github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5"
+	"github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
+)
+
+const heartbeatUrl = "https://analytics.pocket-id.org/heartbeat"
+
+func (s *Scheduler) RegisterAnalyticsJob(ctx context.Context, appConfig *service.AppConfigService, httpClient *http.Client) error {
+	// Skip if analytics are disabled or not in production environment
+	if common.EnvConfig.AnalyticsDisabled || common.EnvConfig.AppEnv != "production" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Send every 24 hours
+	jobs := &AnalyticsJob{
+		appConfig:  appConfig,
+		httpClient: httpClient,
+	}
+	return s.registerJob(ctx, "SendHeartbeat", gocron.DurationJob(24*time.Hour), jobs.sendHeartbeat, true)
+}
+
+type AnalyticsJob struct {
+	appConfig  *service.AppConfigService
+	httpClient *http.Client
+}
+
+// sendHeartbeat sends a heartbeat to the analytics service
+func (j *AnalyticsJob) sendHeartbeat(parentCtx context.Context) error {
+	// Skip if analytics are disabled or not in production environment
+	if common.EnvConfig.AnalyticsDisabled || common.EnvConfig.AppEnv != "production" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	body, err := json.Marshal(struct {
+		Version    string `json:"version"`
+		InstanceID string `json:"instance_id"`
+	}{
+		Version:    common.Version,
+		InstanceID: j.appConfig.GetDbConfig().InstanceID.Value,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal heartbeat body: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	_, err = backoff.Retry(
+		parentCtx,
+		func() (struct{}, error) {
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(parentCtx, 20*time.Second)
+			defer cancel()
+			req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, heartbeatUrl, bytes.NewReader(body))
+			if err != nil {
+				return struct{}{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to create request: %w", err)
+			}
+			req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+			resp, err := j.httpClient.Do(req)
+			if err != nil {
+				return struct{}{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to send request: %w", err)
+			}
+			defer resp.Body.Close()
+			if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+				return struct{}{}, fmt.Errorf("request failed with status code: %d", resp.StatusCode)
+			}
+			return struct{}{}, nil
+		},
+		backoff.WithBackOff(backoff.NewExponentialBackOff()),
+		backoff.WithMaxTries(3),
+	)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("heartbeat request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

backend/internal/job/api_key_expiry_job.go

@@ -2,7 +2,10 @@ package job
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"log"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+
+	"github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2"
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
 )
@@ -18,7 +21,8 @@ func (s *Scheduler) RegisterApiKeyExpiryJob(ctx context.Context, apiKeyService *
 		appConfigService: appConfigService,
 	}
 
-	return s.registerJob(ctx, "ExpiredApiKeyEmailJob", "0 0 * * *", jobs.checkAndNotifyExpiringApiKeys)
+	// Send every day at midnight
+	return s.registerJob(ctx, "ExpiredApiKeyEmailJob", gocron.CronJob("0 0 * * *", false), jobs.checkAndNotifyExpiringApiKeys, false)
 }
 
 func (j *ApiKeyEmailJobs) checkAndNotifyExpiringApiKeys(ctx context.Context) error {
@@ -29,16 +33,16 @@ func (j *ApiKeyEmailJobs) checkAndNotifyExpiringApiKeys(ctx context.Context) err
 
 	apiKeys, err := j.apiKeyService.ListExpiringApiKeys(ctx, 7)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Printf("Failed to list expiring API keys: %v", err)
-		return err
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to list expiring API keys: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	for _, key := range apiKeys {
 		if key.User.Email == "" {
 			continue
 		}
-		if err := j.apiKeyService.SendApiKeyExpiringSoonEmail(ctx, key); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Failed to send email for key %s: %v", key.ID, err)
+		err = j.apiKeyService.SendApiKeyExpiringSoonEmail(ctx, key)
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.ErrorContext(ctx, "Failed to send expiring API key notification email", slog.String("key", key.ID), slog.Any("error", err))
 		}
 	}
 	return nil

backend/internal/job/db_cleanup_job.go

@@ -3,8 +3,11 @@ package job
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
@@ -14,12 +17,15 @@ import (
 func (s *Scheduler) RegisterDbCleanupJobs(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB) error {
 	jobs := &DbCleanupJobs{db: db}
 
+	// Run every 24 hours (but with some jitter so they don't run at the exact same time), and now
+	def := gocron.DurationRandomJob(24*time.Hour-2*time.Minute, 24*time.Hour+2*time.Minute)
 	return errors.Join(
-		s.registerJob(ctx, "ClearWebauthnSessions", "0 3 * * *", jobs.clearWebauthnSessions),
-		s.registerJob(ctx, "ClearOneTimeAccessTokens", "0 3 * * *", jobs.clearOneTimeAccessTokens),
-		s.registerJob(ctx, "ClearOidcAuthorizationCodes", "0 3 * * *", jobs.clearOidcAuthorizationCodes),
-		s.registerJob(ctx, "ClearOidcRefreshTokens", "0 3 * * *", jobs.clearOidcRefreshTokens),
-		s.registerJob(ctx, "ClearAuditLogs", "0 3 * * *", jobs.clearAuditLogs),
+		s.registerJob(ctx, "ClearWebauthnSessions", def, jobs.clearWebauthnSessions, true),
+		s.registerJob(ctx, "ClearOneTimeAccessTokens", def, jobs.clearOneTimeAccessTokens, true),
+		s.registerJob(ctx, "ClearSignupTokens", def, jobs.clearSignupTokens, true),
+		s.registerJob(ctx, "ClearOidcAuthorizationCodes", def, jobs.clearOidcAuthorizationCodes, true),
+		s.registerJob(ctx, "ClearOidcRefreshTokens", def, jobs.clearOidcRefreshTokens, true),
+		s.registerJob(ctx, "ClearAuditLogs", def, jobs.clearAuditLogs, true),
 	)
 }
 
@@ -29,40 +35,85 @@ type DbCleanupJobs struct {
 
 // ClearWebauthnSessions deletes WebAuthn sessions that have expired
 func (j *DbCleanupJobs) clearWebauthnSessions(ctx context.Context) error {
-	return j.db.
+	st := j.db.
 		WithContext(ctx).
-		Delete(&model.WebauthnSession{}, "expires_at < ?", datatype.DateTime(time.Now())).
-		Error
+		Delete(&model.WebauthnSession{}, "expires_at < ?", datatype.DateTime(time.Now()))
+	if st.Error != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to clean expired WebAuthn sessions: %w", st.Error)
+	}
+
+	slog.InfoContext(ctx, "Cleaned expired WebAuthn sessions", slog.Int64("count", st.RowsAffected))
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 // ClearOneTimeAccessTokens deletes one-time access tokens that have expired
 func (j *DbCleanupJobs) clearOneTimeAccessTokens(ctx context.Context) error {
-	return j.db.
+	st := j.db.
 		WithContext(ctx).
-		Delete(&model.OneTimeAccessToken{}, "expires_at < ?", datatype.DateTime(time.Now())).
-		Error
+		Delete(&model.OneTimeAccessToken{}, "expires_at < ?", datatype.DateTime(time.Now()))
+	if st.Error != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to clean expired one-time access tokens: %w", st.Error)
+	}
+
+	slog.InfoContext(ctx, "Cleaned expired one-time access tokens", slog.Int64("count", st.RowsAffected))
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ClearSignupTokens deletes signup tokens that have expired
+func (j *DbCleanupJobs) clearSignupTokens(ctx context.Context) error {
+	// Delete tokens that are expired OR have reached their usage limit
+	st := j.db.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		Delete(&model.SignupToken{}, "expires_at < ?", datatype.DateTime(time.Now()))
+	if st.Error != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to clean expired tokens: %w", st.Error)
+	}
+
+	slog.InfoContext(ctx, "Cleaned expired tokens", slog.Int64("count", st.RowsAffected))
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 // ClearOidcAuthorizationCodes deletes OIDC authorization codes that have expired
 func (j *DbCleanupJobs) clearOidcAuthorizationCodes(ctx context.Context) error {
-	return j.db.
+	st := j.db.
 		WithContext(ctx).
-		Delete(&model.OidcAuthorizationCode{}, "expires_at < ?", datatype.DateTime(time.Now())).
-		Error
+		Delete(&model.OidcAuthorizationCode{}, "expires_at < ?", datatype.DateTime(time.Now()))
+	if st.Error != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to clean expired OIDC authorization codes: %w", st.Error)
+	}
+
+	slog.InfoContext(ctx, "Cleaned expired OIDC authorization codes", slog.Int64("count", st.RowsAffected))
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 // ClearOidcAuthorizationCodes deletes OIDC authorization codes that have expired
 func (j *DbCleanupJobs) clearOidcRefreshTokens(ctx context.Context) error {
-	return j.db.
+	st := j.db.
 		WithContext(ctx).
-		Delete(&model.OidcRefreshToken{}, "expires_at < ?", datatype.DateTime(time.Now())).
-		Error
+		Delete(&model.OidcRefreshToken{}, "expires_at < ?", datatype.DateTime(time.Now()))
+	if st.Error != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to clean expired OIDC refresh tokens: %w", st.Error)
+	}
+
+	slog.InfoContext(ctx, "Cleaned expired OIDC refresh tokens", slog.Int64("count", st.RowsAffected))
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 // ClearAuditLogs deletes audit logs older than 90 days
 func (j *DbCleanupJobs) clearAuditLogs(ctx context.Context) error {
-	return j.db.
+	st := j.db.
 		WithContext(ctx).
-		Delete(&model.AuditLog{}, "created_at < ?", datatype.DateTime(time.Now().AddDate(0, 0, -90))).
-		Error
+		Delete(&model.AuditLog{}, "created_at < ?", datatype.DateTime(time.Now().AddDate(0, 0, -90)))
+	if st.Error != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete old audit logs: %w", st.Error)
+	}
+
+	slog.InfoContext(ctx, "Deleted old audit logs", slog.Int64("count", st.RowsAffected))
+
+	return nil
 }

backend/internal/job/file_cleanup_job.go

@@ -3,11 +3,13 @@ package job
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
+	"log/slog"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
+	"github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
@@ -17,7 +19,8 @@ import (
 func (s *Scheduler) RegisterFileCleanupJobs(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB) error {
 	jobs := &FileCleanupJobs{db: db}
 
-	return s.registerJob(ctx, "ClearUnusedDefaultProfilePictures", "0 2 * * 0", jobs.clearUnusedDefaultProfilePictures)
+	// Run every 24 hours
+	return s.registerJob(ctx, "ClearUnusedDefaultProfilePictures", gocron.DurationJob(24*time.Hour), jobs.clearUnusedDefaultProfilePictures, false)
 }
 
 type FileCleanupJobs struct {
@@ -64,13 +67,13 @@ func (j *FileCleanupJobs) clearUnusedDefaultProfilePictures(ctx context.Context)
 		if _, ok := initialsInUse[initials]; !ok {
 			filePath := filepath.Join(defaultPicturesDir, filename)
 			if err := os.Remove(filePath); err != nil {
-				log.Printf("Failed to delete unused default profile picture %s: %v", filePath, err)
+				slog.ErrorContext(ctx, "Failed to delete unused default profile picture", slog.String("path", filePath), slog.Any("error", err))
 			} else {
 				filesDeleted++
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	log.Printf("Deleted %d unused default profile pictures", filesDeleted)
+	slog.Info("Done deleting unused default profile pictures", slog.Int("count", filesDeleted))
 	return nil
 }

backend/internal/job/geoloite_update_job.go

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package job
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
+)
+
+type GeoLiteUpdateJobs struct {
+	geoLiteService *service.GeoLiteService
+}
+
+func (s *Scheduler) RegisterGeoLiteUpdateJobs(ctx context.Context, geoLiteService *service.GeoLiteService) error {
+	// Check if the service needs periodic updating
+	if geoLiteService.DisableUpdater() {
+		// Nothing to do
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	jobs := &GeoLiteUpdateJobs{geoLiteService: geoLiteService}
+
+	// Run every 24 hours (and right away)
+	return s.registerJob(ctx, "UpdateGeoLiteDB", gocron.DurationJob(24*time.Hour), jobs.updateGoeLiteDB, true)
+}
+
+func (j *GeoLiteUpdateJobs) updateGoeLiteDB(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return j.geoLiteService.UpdateDatabase(ctx)
+}

backend/internal/job/ldap_job.go

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ package job
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"log"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2"
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
 )
@@ -16,19 +18,7 @@ func (s *Scheduler) RegisterLdapJobs(ctx context.Context, ldapService *service.L
 	jobs := &LdapJobs{ldapService: ldapService, appConfigService: appConfigService}
 
 	// Register the job to run every hour
-	err := s.registerJob(ctx, "SyncLdap", "0 * * * *", jobs.syncLdap)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// Run the job immediately on startup
-	err = jobs.syncLdap(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		// Log the error only, but don't return it
-		log.Printf("Failed to sync LDAP: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
+	return s.registerJob(ctx, "SyncLdap", gocron.DurationJob(time.Hour), jobs.syncLdap, true)
 }
 
 func (j *LdapJobs) syncLdap(ctx context.Context) error {

backend/internal/job/scheduler.go

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package job
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
+	"log/slog"
 
 	"github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2"
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ func NewScheduler() (*Scheduler, error) {
 
 // Run the scheduler.
 // This function blocks until the context is canceled.
-func (s *Scheduler) Run(ctx context.Context) {
-	log.Println("Starting job scheduler")
+func (s *Scheduler) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
+	slog.Info("Starting job scheduler")
 	s.scheduler.Start()
 
 	// Block until context is canceled
@@ -35,26 +35,45 @@ func (s *Scheduler) Run(ctx context.Context) {
 
 	err := s.scheduler.Shutdown()
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Printf("[WARN] Error shutting down job scheduler: %v", err)
+		slog.Error("Error shutting down job scheduler", slog.Any("error", err))
 	} else {
-		log.Println("Job scheduler shut down")
+		slog.Info("Job scheduler shut down")
 	}
+
+	return nil
 }
 
-func (s *Scheduler) registerJob(ctx context.Context, name string, interval string, job func(ctx context.Context) error) error {
-	_, err := s.scheduler.NewJob(
-		gocron.CronJob(interval, false),
-		gocron.NewTask(job),
+func (s *Scheduler) registerJob(ctx context.Context, name string, def gocron.JobDefinition, job func(ctx context.Context) error, runImmediately bool) error {
+	jobOptions := []gocron.JobOption{
 		gocron.WithContext(ctx),
 		gocron.WithEventListeners(
+			gocron.BeforeJobRuns(func(jobID uuid.UUID, jobName string) {
+				slog.Info("Starting job",
+					slog.String("name", name),
+					slog.String("id", jobID.String()),
+				)
+			}),
 			gocron.AfterJobRuns(func(jobID uuid.UUID, jobName string) {
-				log.Printf("Job %q run successfully", name)
+				slog.Info("Job run successfully",
+					slog.String("name", name),
+					slog.String("id", jobID.String()),
+				)
 			}),
 			gocron.AfterJobRunsWithError(func(jobID uuid.UUID, jobName string, err error) {
-				log.Printf("Job %q failed with error: %v", name, err)
+				slog.Error("Job failed with error",
+					slog.String("name", name),
+					slog.String("id", jobID.String()),
+					slog.Any("error", err),
+				)
 			}),
 		),
-	)
+	}
+
+	if runImmediately {
+		jobOptions = append(jobOptions, gocron.JobOption(gocron.WithStartImmediately()))
+	}
+
+	_, err := s.scheduler.NewJob(def, gocron.NewTask(job), jobOptions...)
 
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register job %q: %w", name, err)

backend/internal/middleware/cors.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 )
 
 type CorsMiddleware struct{}
@@ -15,17 +14,22 @@ func NewCorsMiddleware() *CorsMiddleware {
 
 func (m *CorsMiddleware) Add() gin.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(c *gin.Context) {
-		// Allow all origins for the token endpoint
-		switch c.FullPath() {
-		case "/api/oidc/token", "/api/oidc/introspect":
-			c.Writer.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")
-		default:
-			c.Writer.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", common.EnvConfig.AppURL)
+		path := c.FullPath()
+		if path == "" {
+			// The router doesn't map preflight requests, so we need to use the raw URL path
+			path = c.Request.URL.Path
 		}
 
-		c.Writer.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "*")
-		c.Writer.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "POST, OPTIONS, GET, PUT")
+		if !isCorsPath(path) {
+			c.Next()
+			return
+		}
 
+		c.Writer.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")
+		c.Writer.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Authorization")
+		c.Writer.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET, POST")
+
+		// Preflight request
 		if c.Request.Method == http.MethodOptions {
 			c.AbortWithStatus(204)
 			return
@@ -34,3 +38,17 @@ func (m *CorsMiddleware) Add() gin.HandlerFunc {
 		c.Next()
 	}
 }
+
+func isCorsPath(path string) bool {
+	switch path {
+	case "/api/oidc/token",
+		"/api/oidc/userinfo",
+		"/oidc/end-session",
+		"/api/oidc/introspect",
+		"/.well-known/jwks.json",
+		"/.well-known/openid-configuration":
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}

backend/internal/model/app_config.go

@@ -4,9 +4,12 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 )
 
 type AppConfigVariable struct {
@@ -34,18 +37,21 @@ type AppConfig struct {
 	AppName             AppConfigVariable `key:"appName,public"` // Public
 	SessionDuration     AppConfigVariable `key:"sessionDuration"`
 	EmailsVerified      AppConfigVariable `key:"emailsVerified"`
+	AccentColor         AppConfigVariable `key:"accentColor,public"`         // Public
 	DisableAnimations   AppConfigVariable `key:"disableAnimations,public"`   // Public
 	AllowOwnAccountEdit AppConfigVariable `key:"allowOwnAccountEdit,public"` // Public
+	AllowUserSignups    AppConfigVariable `key:"allowUserSignups,public"`    // Public
 	// Internal
 	BackgroundImageType AppConfigVariable `key:"backgroundImageType,internal"` // Internal
 	LogoLightImageType  AppConfigVariable `key:"logoLightImageType,internal"`  // Internal
 	LogoDarkImageType   AppConfigVariable `key:"logoDarkImageType,internal"`   // Internal
+	InstanceID          AppConfigVariable `key:"instanceId,internal"`          // Internal
 	// Email
 	SmtpHost                                   AppConfigVariable `key:"smtpHost"`
 	SmtpPort                                   AppConfigVariable `key:"smtpPort"`
 	SmtpFrom                                   AppConfigVariable `key:"smtpFrom"`
 	SmtpUser                                   AppConfigVariable `key:"smtpUser"`
-	SmtpPassword                               AppConfigVariable `key:"smtpPassword"`
+	SmtpPassword                               AppConfigVariable `key:"smtpPassword,sensitive"`
 	SmtpTls                                    AppConfigVariable `key:"smtpTls"`
 	SmtpSkipCertVerify                         AppConfigVariable `key:"smtpSkipCertVerify"`
 	EmailLoginNotificationEnabled              AppConfigVariable `key:"emailLoginNotificationEnabled"`
@@ -56,7 +62,7 @@ type AppConfig struct {
 	LdapEnabled                        AppConfigVariable `key:"ldapEnabled,public"` // Public
 	LdapUrl                            AppConfigVariable `key:"ldapUrl"`
 	LdapBindDn                         AppConfigVariable `key:"ldapBindDn"`
-	LdapBindPassword                   AppConfigVariable `key:"ldapBindPassword"`
+	LdapBindPassword                   AppConfigVariable `key:"ldapBindPassword,sensitive"`
 	LdapBase                           AppConfigVariable `key:"ldapBase"`
 	LdapUserSearchFilter               AppConfigVariable `key:"ldapUserSearchFilter"`
 	LdapUserGroupSearchFilter          AppConfigVariable `key:"ldapUserGroupSearchFilter"`
@@ -74,7 +80,7 @@ type AppConfig struct {
 	LdapSoftDeleteUsers                AppConfigVariable `key:"ldapSoftDeleteUsers"`
 }
 
-func (c *AppConfig) ToAppConfigVariableSlice(showAll bool) []AppConfigVariable {
+func (c *AppConfig) ToAppConfigVariableSlice(showAll bool, redactSensitiveValues bool) []AppConfigVariable {
 	// Use reflection to iterate through all fields
 	cfgValue := reflect.ValueOf(c).Elem()
 	cfgType := cfgValue.Type()
@@ -94,11 +100,16 @@ func (c *AppConfig) ToAppConfigVariableSlice(showAll bool) []AppConfigVariable {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		fieldValue := cfgValue.Field(i)
+		value := cfgValue.Field(i).FieldByName("Value").String()
+
+		// Redact sensitive values if the value isn't empty, the UI config is disabled, and redactSensitiveValues is true
+		if value != "" && common.EnvConfig.UiConfigDisabled && redactSensitiveValues && attrs == "sensitive" {
+			value = "XXXXXXXXXX"
+		}
 
 		appConfigVariable := AppConfigVariable{
 			Key:   key,
-			Value: fieldValue.FieldByName("Value").String(),
+			Value: value,
 		}
 
 		res = append(res, appConfigVariable)
@@ -107,24 +118,26 @@ func (c *AppConfig) ToAppConfigVariableSlice(showAll bool) []AppConfigVariable {
 	return res
 }
 
-func (c *AppConfig) FieldByKey(key string) (string, error) {
+func (c *AppConfig) FieldByKey(key string) (defaultValue string, isInternal bool, err error) {
 	rv := reflect.ValueOf(c).Elem()
 	rt := rv.Type()
 
 	// Find the field in the struct whose "key" tag matches
 	for i := range rt.NumField() {
 		// Grab only the first part of the key, if there's a comma with additional properties
-		tagValue, _, _ := strings.Cut(rt.Field(i).Tag.Get("key"), ",")
-		if tagValue != key {
+		tagValue := strings.Split(rt.Field(i).Tag.Get("key"), ",")
+		keyFromTag := tagValue[0]
+		isInternal = slices.Contains(tagValue, "internal")
+		if keyFromTag != key {
 			continue
 		}
 
 		valueField := rv.Field(i).FieldByName("Value")
-		return valueField.String(), nil
+		return valueField.String(), isInternal, nil
 	}
 
 	// If we are here, the config key was not found
-	return "", AppConfigKeyNotFoundError{field: key}
+	return "", false, AppConfigKeyNotFoundError{field: key}
 }
 
 func (c *AppConfig) UpdateField(key string, value string, noInternal bool) error {

backend/internal/model/app_config_test.go

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ func TestAppConfigStructMatchesUpdateDto(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Verify every AppConfig field has a matching DTO field with the same name
 	for fieldName, keyName := range appConfigFields {
-		if strings.HasSuffix(fieldName, "ImageType") {
+		if strings.HasSuffix(fieldName, "ImageType") || keyName == "instanceId" {
 			// Skip internal fields that shouldn't be in the DTO
 			continue
 		}

backend/internal/model/audit_log.go

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ type AuditLog struct {
 	Base
 
 	Event     AuditLogEvent `sortable:"true"`
-	IpAddress string        `sortable:"true"`
+	IpAddress *string       `sortable:"true"`
 	Country   string        `sortable:"true"`
 	City      string        `sortable:"true"`
 	UserAgent string        `sortable:"true"`
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ type AuditLogEvent string //nolint:recvcheck
 const (
 	AuditLogEventSignIn                     AuditLogEvent = "SIGN_IN"
 	AuditLogEventOneTimeAccessTokenSignIn   AuditLogEvent = "TOKEN_SIGN_IN"
+	AuditLogEventAccountCreated             AuditLogEvent = "ACCOUNT_CREATED"
 	AuditLogEventClientAuthorization        AuditLogEvent = "CLIENT_AUTHORIZATION"
 	AuditLogEventNewClientAuthorization     AuditLogEvent = "NEW_CLIENT_AUTHORIZATION"
 	AuditLogEventDeviceCodeAuthorization    AuditLogEvent = "DEVICE_CODE_AUTHORIZATION"

backend/internal/model/kv.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package model
+
+type KV struct {
+	Key   string `gorm:"primaryKey;not null"`
+	Value *string
+}
+
+// TableName overrides the table name used by KV to `kv`
+func (KV) TableName() string {
+	return "kv"
+}

backend/internal/model/oidc.go

@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 
-	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
+	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
 )
 
 type UserAuthorizedOidcClient struct {
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ type OidcClient struct {
 	HasLogo            bool `gorm:"-"`
 	IsPublic           bool
 	PkceEnabled        bool
+	Credentials        OidcClientCredentials
 
 	AllowedUserGroups []UserGroup `gorm:"many2many:oidc_clients_allowed_user_groups;"`
 	CreatedByID       string
@@ -71,9 +73,49 @@ func (c *OidcClient) AfterFind(_ *gorm.DB) (err error) {
 	return nil
 }
 
+type OidcClientCredentials struct { //nolint:recvcheck
+	FederatedIdentities []OidcClientFederatedIdentity `json:"federatedIdentities,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type OidcClientFederatedIdentity struct {
+	Issuer   string `json:"issuer"`
+	Subject  string `json:"subject,omitempty"`
+	Audience string `json:"audience,omitempty"`
+	JWKS     string `json:"jwks,omitempty"` // URL of the JWKS
+}
+
+func (occ OidcClientCredentials) FederatedIdentityForIssuer(issuer string) (OidcClientFederatedIdentity, bool) {
+	if issuer == "" {
+		return OidcClientFederatedIdentity{}, false
+	}
+
+	for _, fi := range occ.FederatedIdentities {
+		if fi.Issuer == issuer {
+			return fi, true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return OidcClientFederatedIdentity{}, false
+}
+
+func (occ *OidcClientCredentials) Scan(value any) error {
+	switch v := value.(type) {
+	case []byte:
+		return json.Unmarshal(v, occ)
+	case string:
+		return json.Unmarshal([]byte(v), occ)
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported type: %T", value)
+	}
+}
+
+func (occ OidcClientCredentials) Value() (driver.Value, error) {
+	return json.Marshal(occ)
+}
+
 type UrlList []string //nolint:recvcheck
 
-func (cu *UrlList) Scan(value interface{}) error {
+func (cu *UrlList) Scan(value any) error {
 	switch v := value.(type) {
 	case []byte:
 		return json.Unmarshal(v, cu)

backend/internal/model/signup_token.go

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package model
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
+)
+
+type SignupToken struct {
+	Base
+
+	Token      string            `json:"token"`
+	ExpiresAt  datatype.DateTime `json:"expiresAt" sortable:"true"`
+	UsageLimit int               `json:"usageLimit" sortable:"true"`
+	UsageCount int               `json:"usageCount" sortable:"true"`
+}
+
+func (st *SignupToken) IsExpired() bool {
+	return time.Time(st.ExpiresAt).Before(time.Now())
+}
+
+func (st *SignupToken) IsUsageLimitReached() bool {
+	return st.UsageCount >= st.UsageLimit
+}
+
+func (st *SignupToken) IsValid() bool {
+	return !st.IsExpired() && !st.IsUsageLimitReached()
+}

backend/internal/model/types/date_time.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package datatype
 
 import (
 	"database/sql/driver"
+	"fmt"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
@@ -10,9 +11,16 @@ import (
 // DateTime custom type for time.Time to store date as unix timestamp for sqlite and as date for postgres
 type DateTime time.Time //nolint:recvcheck
 
-func (date *DateTime) Scan(value interface{}) (err error) {
-	*date = DateTime(value.(time.Time))
-	return
+func (date *DateTime) Scan(value any) (err error) {
+	switch v := value.(type) {
+	case time.Time:
+		*date = DateTime(v)
+	case int64:
+		*date = DateTime(time.Unix(v, 0))
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected type for DateTime: %T", value)
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (date DateTime) Value() (driver.Value, error) {

backend/internal/model/user.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn/protocol"
 	"github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn/webauthn"
+
 	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
 )

backend/internal/service/app_config_service.go

@@ -8,10 +8,13 @@ import (
 	"mime/multipart"
 	"os"
 	"reflect"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-uuid"
+
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
 
@@ -36,6 +39,11 @@ func NewAppConfigService(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB) *AppConfigService {
 		log.Fatalf("Failed to initialize app config service: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	err = service.initInstanceID(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("Failed to initialize instance ID: %v", err)
+	}
+
 	return service
 }
 
@@ -60,10 +68,13 @@ func (s *AppConfigService) getDefaultDbConfig() *model.AppConfig {
 		EmailsVerified:      model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "false"},
 		DisableAnimations:   model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "false"},
 		AllowOwnAccountEdit: model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "true"},
+		AllowUserSignups:    model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "disabled"},
+		AccentColor:         model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "default"},
 		// Internal
 		BackgroundImageType: model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "jpg"},
 		LogoLightImageType:  model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "svg"},
 		LogoDarkImageType:   model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "svg"},
+		InstanceID:          model.AppConfigVariable{Value: ""},
 		// Email
 		SmtpHost:                      model.AppConfigVariable{},
 		SmtpPort:                      model.AppConfigVariable{},
@@ -188,7 +199,7 @@ func (s *AppConfigService) UpdateAppConfig(ctx context.Context, input dto.AppCon
 		// Skip values that are internal only and can't be updated
 		if value == "" {
 			// Ignore errors here as we know the key exists
-			defaultValue, _ := defaultCfg.FieldByKey(key)
+			defaultValue, _, _ := defaultCfg.FieldByKey(key)
 			err = cfg.UpdateField(key, defaultValue, true)
 		} else {
 			err = cfg.UpdateField(key, value, true)
@@ -223,16 +234,12 @@ func (s *AppConfigService) UpdateAppConfig(ctx context.Context, input dto.AppCon
 	s.dbConfig.Store(cfg)
 
 	// Return the updated config
-	res := cfg.ToAppConfigVariableSlice(true)
+	res := cfg.ToAppConfigVariableSlice(true, false)
 	return res, nil
 }
 
-// UpdateAppConfigValues
+// UpdateAppConfigValues updates the application configuration values in the database.
 func (s *AppConfigService) UpdateAppConfigValues(ctx context.Context, keysAndValues ...string) error {
-	if common.EnvConfig.UiConfigDisabled {
-		return &common.UiConfigDisabledError{}
-	}
-
 	// Count of keysAndValues must be even
 	if len(keysAndValues)%2 != 0 {
 		return errors.New("invalid number of arguments received")
@@ -267,10 +274,13 @@ func (s *AppConfigService) UpdateAppConfigValues(ctx context.Context, keysAndVal
 		// Ensure that the field is valid
 		// We do this by grabbing the default value
 		var defaultValue string
-		defaultValue, err = defaultCfg.FieldByKey(key)
+		defaultValue, isInternal, err := defaultCfg.FieldByKey(key)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("invalid configuration key '%s': %w", key, err)
 		}
+		if !isInternal && common.EnvConfig.UiConfigDisabled {
+			return &common.UiConfigDisabledError{}
+		}
 
 		// Update the in-memory config value
 		// If the new value is an empty string, then we set the in-memory value to the default one
@@ -309,11 +319,11 @@ func (s *AppConfigService) UpdateAppConfigValues(ctx context.Context, keysAndVal
 }
 
 func (s *AppConfigService) ListAppConfig(showAll bool) []model.AppConfigVariable {
-	return s.GetDbConfig().ToAppConfigVariableSlice(showAll)
+	return s.GetDbConfig().ToAppConfigVariableSlice(showAll, true)
 }
 
 func (s *AppConfigService) UpdateImage(ctx context.Context, uploadedFile *multipart.FileHeader, imageName string, oldImageType string) (err error) {
-	fileType := utils.GetFileExtension(uploadedFile.Filename)
+	fileType := strings.ToLower(utils.GetFileExtension(uploadedFile.Filename))
 	mimeType := utils.GetImageMimeType(fileType)
 	if mimeType == "" {
 		return &common.FileTypeNotSupportedError{}
@@ -347,25 +357,53 @@ func (s *AppConfigService) UpdateImage(ctx context.Context, uploadedFile *multip
 
 // LoadDbConfig loads the configuration values from the database into the DbConfig struct.
 func (s *AppConfigService) LoadDbConfig(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
-	var dest *model.AppConfig
-
-	// If the UI config is disabled, only load from the env
-	if common.EnvConfig.UiConfigDisabled {
-		dest, err = s.loadDbConfigFromEnv()
-	} else {
-		dest, err = s.loadDbConfigInternal(ctx, s.db)
-	}
+	dest, err := s.loadDbConfigInternal(ctx, s.db)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// Update the value in the object
 	s.dbConfig.Store(dest)
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (s *AppConfigService) loadDbConfigFromEnv() (*model.AppConfig, error) {
+func (s *AppConfigService) loadDbConfigInternal(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB) (*model.AppConfig, error) {
+	// If the UI config is disabled, only load from the env
+	if common.EnvConfig.UiConfigDisabled {
+		dest, err := s.loadDbConfigFromEnv(ctx, tx)
+		return dest, err
+	}
+
+	// First, start from the default configuration
+	dest := s.getDefaultDbConfig()
+
+	// Load all configuration values from the database
+	// This loads all values in a single shot
+	var loaded []model.AppConfigVariable
+	queryCtx, queryCancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 10*time.Second)
+	defer queryCancel()
+	err := tx.
+		WithContext(queryCtx).
+		Find(&loaded).Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load configuration from the database: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Iterate through all values loaded from the database
+	for _, v := range loaded {
+		// Find the field in the struct whose "key" tag matches, then update that
+		err = dest.UpdateField(v.Key, v.Value, false)
+
+		// We ignore the case of fields that don't exist, as there may be leftover data in the database
+		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, model.AppConfigKeyNotFoundError{}) {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to process config for key '%s': %w", v.Key, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return dest, nil
+}
+
+func (s *AppConfigService) loadDbConfigFromEnv(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB) (*model.AppConfig, error) {
 	// First, start from the default configuration
 	dest := s.getDefaultDbConfig()
 
@@ -375,9 +413,25 @@ func (s *AppConfigService) loadDbConfigFromEnv() (*model.AppConfig, error) {
 	for i := range rt.NumField() {
 		field := rt.Field(i)
 
-		// Get the value of the key tag, taking only what's before the comma
-		// The env var name is the key converted to SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE
-		key, _, _ := strings.Cut(field.Tag.Get("key"), ",")
+		// Get the key and internal tag values
+		tagValue := strings.Split(field.Tag.Get("key"), ",")
+		key := tagValue[0]
+		isInternal := slices.Contains(tagValue, "internal")
+
+		// Internal fields are loaded from the database as they can't be set from the environment
+		if isInternal {
+			var value string
+			err := tx.WithContext(ctx).
+				Model(&model.AppConfigVariable{}).
+				Where("key = ?", key).
+				Select("value").
+				First(&value).Error
+			if err == nil {
+				rv.Field(i).FieldByName("Value").SetString(value)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
 		envVarName := utils.CamelCaseToScreamingSnakeCase(key)
 
 		// Set the value if it's set
@@ -390,37 +444,22 @@ func (s *AppConfigService) loadDbConfigFromEnv() (*model.AppConfig, error) {
 	return dest, nil
 }
 
-func (s *AppConfigService) loadDbConfigInternal(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB) (*model.AppConfig, error) {
-	// First, start from the default configuration
-	dest := s.getDefaultDbConfig()
+func (s *AppConfigService) initInstanceID(ctx context.Context) error {
+	// Check if the instance ID is already set
+	instanceID := s.GetDbConfig().InstanceID.Value
+	if instanceID != "" {
+		return nil
+	}
 
-	// Load all configuration values from the database
-	// This loads all values in a single shot
-	loaded := []model.AppConfigVariable{}
-	queryCtx, queryCancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 10*time.Second)
-	defer queryCancel()
-	err := tx.
-		WithContext(queryCtx).
-		Find(&loaded).Error
+	newInstanceID, err := uuid.GenerateUUID()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load configuration from the database: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to generate new instance ID: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	// Iterate through all values loaded from the database
-	for _, v := range loaded {
-		// If the value is empty, it means we are using the default value
-		if v.Value == "" {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		// Find the field in the struct whose "key" tag matches, then update that
-		err = dest.UpdateField(v.Key, v.Value, false)
-
-		// We ignore the case of fields that don't exist, as there may be leftover data in the database
-		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, model.AppConfigKeyNotFoundError{}) {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to process config for key '%s': %w", v.Key, err)
-		}
+	err = s.UpdateAppConfigValues(ctx, "instanceId", newInstanceID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to update instance ID in the database: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	return dest, nil
+	return nil
 }

backend/internal/service/app_config_service_test.go

@@ -3,17 +3,13 @@ package service
 import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
-	"time"
 
-	"gorm.io/driver/sqlite"
-	"gorm.io/gorm"
-	"gorm.io/gorm/logger"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/dto"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	testutils "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/testing"
 )
 
 // NewTestAppConfigService is a function used by tests to create AppConfigService objects with pre-defined configuration values
@@ -28,7 +24,7 @@ func NewTestAppConfigService(config *model.AppConfig) *AppConfigService {
 
 func TestLoadDbConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("empty config table", func(t *testing.T) {
-		db := newAppConfigTestDatabaseForTest(t)
+		db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
 		service := &AppConfigService{
 			db: db,
 		}
@@ -42,14 +38,13 @@ func TestLoadDbConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("loads value from config table", func(t *testing.T) {
-		db := newAppConfigTestDatabaseForTest(t)
+		db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
 
 		// Populate the config table with some initial values
 		err := db.
 			Create([]model.AppConfigVariable{
-				// Should be set to the default value because it's an empty string
-				{Key: "appName", Value: ""},
 				// Overrides default value
+				{Key: "appName", Value: "Test App"},
 				{Key: "sessionDuration", Value: "5"},
 				// Does not have a default value
 				{Key: "smtpHost", Value: "example"},
@@ -66,13 +61,14 @@ func TestLoadDbConfig(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// Values should match expected ones
 		expect := service.getDefaultDbConfig()
+		expect.AppName.Value = "Test App"
 		expect.SessionDuration.Value = "5"
 		expect.SmtpHost.Value = "example"
 		require.Equal(t, service.GetDbConfig(), expect)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("ignores unknown config keys", func(t *testing.T) {
-		db := newAppConfigTestDatabaseForTest(t)
+		db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
 
 		// Add an entry with a key that doesn't exist in the config struct
 		err := db.Create([]model.AppConfigVariable{
@@ -93,7 +89,7 @@ func TestLoadDbConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("loading config multiple times", func(t *testing.T) {
-		db := newAppConfigTestDatabaseForTest(t)
+		db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
 
 		// Initial state
 		err := db.Create([]model.AppConfigVariable{
@@ -135,7 +131,7 @@ func TestLoadDbConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		common.EnvConfig.UiConfigDisabled = true
 
 		// Create database with config that should be ignored
-		db := newAppConfigTestDatabaseForTest(t)
+		db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
 		err := db.Create([]model.AppConfigVariable{
 			{Key: "appName", Value: "DB App"},
 			{Key: "sessionDuration", Value: "120"},
@@ -171,7 +167,7 @@ func TestLoadDbConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		common.EnvConfig.UiConfigDisabled = false
 
 		// Create database with config values that should take precedence
-		db := newAppConfigTestDatabaseForTest(t)
+		db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
 		err := db.Create([]model.AppConfigVariable{
 			{Key: "appName", Value: "DB App"},
 			{Key: "sessionDuration", Value: "120"},
@@ -195,7 +191,7 @@ func TestLoadDbConfig(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestUpdateAppConfigValues(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("update single value", func(t *testing.T) {
-		db := newAppConfigTestDatabaseForTest(t)
+		db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
 
 		// Create a service with default config
 		service := &AppConfigService{
@@ -220,7 +216,7 @@ func TestUpdateAppConfigValues(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("update multiple values", func(t *testing.T) {
-		db := newAppConfigTestDatabaseForTest(t)
+		db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
 
 		// Create a service with default config
 		service := &AppConfigService{
@@ -264,7 +260,7 @@ func TestUpdateAppConfigValues(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("empty value resets to default", func(t *testing.T) {
-		db := newAppConfigTestDatabaseForTest(t)
+		db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
 
 		// Create a service with default config
 		service := &AppConfigService{
@@ -285,7 +281,7 @@ func TestUpdateAppConfigValues(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("error with odd number of arguments", func(t *testing.T) {
-		db := newAppConfigTestDatabaseForTest(t)
+		db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
 
 		// Create a service with default config
 		service := &AppConfigService{
@@ -301,7 +297,7 @@ func TestUpdateAppConfigValues(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("error with invalid key", func(t *testing.T) {
-		db := newAppConfigTestDatabaseForTest(t)
+		db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
 
 		// Create a service with default config
 		service := &AppConfigService{
@@ -319,7 +315,7 @@ func TestUpdateAppConfigValues(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestUpdateAppConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("updates configuration values from DTO", func(t *testing.T) {
-		db := newAppConfigTestDatabaseForTest(t)
+		db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
 
 		// Create a service with default config
 		service := &AppConfigService{
@@ -392,7 +388,7 @@ func TestUpdateAppConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("empty values reset to defaults", func(t *testing.T) {
-		db := newAppConfigTestDatabaseForTest(t)
+		db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
 
 		// Create a service with default config and modify some values
 		service := &AppConfigService{
@@ -457,7 +453,7 @@ func TestUpdateAppConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		// Disable UI config
 		common.EnvConfig.UiConfigDisabled = true
 
-		db := newAppConfigTestDatabaseForTest(t)
+		db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
 		service := &AppConfigService{
 			db: db,
 		}
@@ -475,49 +471,3 @@ func TestUpdateAppConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &uiConfigDisabledErr)
 	})
 }
-
-// Implements gorm's logger.Writer interface
-type testLoggerAdapter struct {
-	t *testing.T
-}
-
-func (l testLoggerAdapter) Printf(format string, args ...any) {
-	l.t.Logf(format, args...)
-}
-
-func newAppConfigTestDatabaseForTest(t *testing.T) *gorm.DB {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	// Get a name for this in-memory database that is specific to the test
-	dbName := utils.CreateSha256Hash(t.Name())
-
-	// Connect to a new in-memory SQL database
-	db, err := gorm.Open(
-		sqlite.Open("file:"+dbName+"?mode=memory&cache=shared"),
-		&gorm.Config{
-			TranslateError: true,
-			Logger: logger.New(
-				testLoggerAdapter{t: t},
-				logger.Config{
-					SlowThreshold:             200 * time.Millisecond,
-					LogLevel:                  logger.Info,
-					IgnoreRecordNotFoundError: false,
-					ParameterizedQueries:      false,
-					Colorful:                  false,
-				},
-			),
-		})
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to connect to test database")
-
-	// Create the app_config_variables table
-	err = db.Exec(`
-CREATE TABLE app_config_variables
-(
-    key           VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
-    value         TEXT NOT NULL
-)
-`).Error
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create test config table")
-
-	return db
-}

backend/internal/service/audit_log_service.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"log"
+	"log/slog"
 
 	userAgentParser "github.com/mileusna/useragent"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/dto"
@@ -25,15 +26,15 @@ func NewAuditLogService(db *gorm.DB, appConfigService *AppConfigService, emailSe
 }
 
 // Create creates a new audit log entry in the database
-func (s *AuditLogService) Create(ctx context.Context, event model.AuditLogEvent, ipAddress, userAgent, userID string, data model.AuditLogData, tx *gorm.DB) model.AuditLog {
+func (s *AuditLogService) Create(ctx context.Context, event model.AuditLogEvent, ipAddress, userAgent, userID string, data model.AuditLogData, tx *gorm.DB) (model.AuditLog, bool) {
 	country, city, err := s.geoliteService.GetLocationByIP(ipAddress)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Printf("Failed to get IP location: %v", err)
+		// Log the error but don't interrupt the operation
+		slog.Warn("Failed to get IP location", "error", err)
 	}
 
 	auditLog := model.AuditLog{
 		Event:     event,
-		IpAddress: ipAddress,
 		Country:   country,
 		City:      city,
 		UserAgent: userAgent,
@@ -41,22 +42,31 @@ func (s *AuditLogService) Create(ctx context.Context, event model.AuditLogEvent,
 		Data:      data,
 	}
 
+	if ipAddress != "" {
+		// Only set ipAddress if not empty, because on Postgres we use INET columns that don't allow non-null empty values
+		auditLog.IpAddress = &ipAddress
+	}
+
 	// Save the audit log in the database
 	err = tx.
 		WithContext(ctx).
 		Create(&auditLog).
 		Error
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Printf("Failed to create audit log: %v", err)
-		return model.AuditLog{}
+		slog.Error("Failed to create audit log", "error", err)
+		return model.AuditLog{}, false
 	}
 
-	return auditLog
+	return auditLog, true
 }
 
 // CreateNewSignInWithEmail creates a new audit log entry in the database and sends an email if the device hasn't been used before
 func (s *AuditLogService) CreateNewSignInWithEmail(ctx context.Context, ipAddress, userAgent, userID string, tx *gorm.DB) model.AuditLog {
-	createdAuditLog := s.Create(ctx, model.AuditLogEventSignIn, ipAddress, userAgent, userID, model.AuditLogData{}, tx)
+	createdAuditLog, ok := s.Create(ctx, model.AuditLogEventSignIn, ipAddress, userAgent, userID, model.AuditLogData{}, tx)
+	if !ok {
+		// At this point the transaction has been canceled already, and error has been logged
+		return createdAuditLog
+	}
 
 	// Count the number of times the user has logged in from the same device
 	var count int64
@@ -67,7 +77,7 @@ func (s *AuditLogService) CreateNewSignInWithEmail(ctx context.Context, ipAddres
 		Count(&count).
 		Error
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Printf("Failed to count audit logs: %v\n", err)
+		log.Printf("Failed to count audit logs: %v", err)
 		return createdAuditLog
 	}
 
@@ -150,6 +160,14 @@ func (s *AuditLogService) ListAllAuditLogs(ctx context.Context, sortedPagination
 			return nil, utils.PaginationResponse{}, fmt.Errorf("unsupported database dialect: %s", dialect)
 		}
 	}
+	if filters.Location != "" {
+		switch filters.Location {
+		case "external":
+			query = query.Where("country != 'Internal Network'")
+		case "internal":
+			query = query.Where("country = 'Internal Network'")
+		}
+	}
 
 	pagination, err := utils.PaginateAndSort(sortedPaginationRequest, query, &logs)
 	if err != nil {

backend/internal/service/e2etest_service.go

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ package service
 import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"crypto/elliptic"
+	"crypto/rand"
 	"crypto/x509"
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"fmt"
@@ -15,13 +17,16 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2"
 	"github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn/protocol"
+	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3/jwa"
 	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3/jwk"
+	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3/jwt"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
 	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+	jwkutils "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/jwk"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/resources"
 )
 
@@ -29,15 +34,45 @@ type TestService struct {
 	db               *gorm.DB
 	jwtService       *JwtService
 	appConfigService *AppConfigService
+	ldapService      *LdapService
+	externalIdPKey   jwk.Key
 }
 
-func NewTestService(db *gorm.DB, appConfigService *AppConfigService, jwtService *JwtService) *TestService {
-	return &TestService{db: db, appConfigService: appConfigService, jwtService: jwtService}
+func NewTestService(db *gorm.DB, appConfigService *AppConfigService, jwtService *JwtService, ldapService *LdapService) (*TestService, error) {
+	s := &TestService{
+		db:               db,
+		appConfigService: appConfigService,
+		jwtService:       jwtService,
+		ldapService:      ldapService,
+	}
+	err := s.initExternalIdP()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize external IdP: %w", err)
+	}
+	return s, nil
+}
+
+// Initializes the "external IdP"
+// This creates a new "issuing authority" containing a public JWKS
+// It also stores the private key internally that will be used to issue JWTs
+func (s *TestService) initExternalIdP() error {
+	// Generate a new ECDSA key
+	rawKey, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to generate private key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	s.externalIdPKey, err = jwkutils.ImportRawKey(rawKey, jwa.ES256().String(), "")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to import private key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 //nolint:gocognit
-func (s *TestService) SeedDatabase() error {
-	return s.db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+func (s *TestService) SeedDatabase(baseURL string) error {
+	err := s.db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
 		users := []model.User{
 			{
 				Base: model.Base{
@@ -137,6 +172,26 @@ func (s *TestService) SeedDatabase() error {
 					userGroups[1],
 				},
 			},
+			{
+				Base: model.Base{
+					ID: "c48232ff-ff65-45ed-ae96-7afa8a9b443b",
+				},
+				Name:              "Federated",
+				Secret:            "$2a$10$Ak.FP8riD1ssy2AGGbG.gOpnp/rBpymd74j0nxNMtW0GG1Lb4gzxe", // PYjrE9u4v9GVqXKi52eur0eb2Ci4kc0x
+				CallbackURLs:      model.UrlList{"http://federated/auth/callback"},
+				CreatedByID:       users[1].ID,
+				AllowedUserGroups: []model.UserGroup{},
+				Credentials: model.OidcClientCredentials{
+					FederatedIdentities: []model.OidcClientFederatedIdentity{
+						{
+							Issuer:   "https://external-idp.local",
+							Audience: "api://PocketID",
+							Subject:  "c48232ff-ff65-45ed-ae96-7afa8a9b443b",
+							JWKS:     baseURL + "/api/externalidp/jwks.json",
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
 		}
 		for _, client := range oidcClients {
 			if err := tx.Create(&client).Error; err != nil {
@@ -144,16 +199,28 @@ func (s *TestService) SeedDatabase() error {
 			}
 		}
 
-		authCode := model.OidcAuthorizationCode{
-			Code:      "auth-code",
-			Scope:     "openid profile",
-			Nonce:     "nonce",
-			ExpiresAt: datatype.DateTime(time.Now().Add(1 * time.Hour)),
-			UserID:    users[0].ID,
-			ClientID:  oidcClients[0].ID,
+		authCodes := []model.OidcAuthorizationCode{
+			{
+				Code:      "auth-code",
+				Scope:     "openid profile",
+				Nonce:     "nonce",
+				ExpiresAt: datatype.DateTime(time.Now().Add(1 * time.Hour)),
+				UserID:    users[0].ID,
+				ClientID:  oidcClients[0].ID,
+			},
+			{
+				Code:      "federated",
+				Scope:     "openid profile",
+				Nonce:     "nonce",
+				ExpiresAt: datatype.DateTime(time.Now().Add(1 * time.Hour)),
+				UserID:    users[1].ID,
+				ClientID:  oidcClients[2].ID,
+			},
 		}
-		if err := tx.Create(&authCode).Error; err != nil {
-			return err
+		for _, authCode := range authCodes {
+			if err := tx.Create(&authCode).Error; err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
 		}
 
 		refreshToken := model.OidcRefreshToken{
@@ -176,13 +243,22 @@ func (s *TestService) SeedDatabase() error {
 			return err
 		}
 
-		userAuthorizedClient := model.UserAuthorizedOidcClient{
-			Scope:    "openid profile email",
-			UserID:   users[0].ID,
-			ClientID: oidcClients[0].ID,
+		userAuthorizedClients := []model.UserAuthorizedOidcClient{
+			{
+				Scope:    "openid profile email",
+				UserID:   users[0].ID,
+				ClientID: oidcClients[0].ID,
+			},
+			{
+				Scope:    "openid profile email",
+				UserID:   users[1].ID,
+				ClientID: oidcClients[2].ID,
+			},
 		}
-		if err := tx.Create(&userAuthorizedClient).Error; err != nil {
-			return err
+		for _, userAuthorizedClient := range userAuthorizedClients {
+			if err := tx.Create(&userAuthorizedClient).Error; err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
 		}
 
 		// To generate a new key pair, run the following command:
@@ -236,8 +312,58 @@ func (s *TestService) SeedDatabase() error {
 			return err
 		}
 
+		signupTokens := []model.SignupToken{
+			{
+				Base: model.Base{
+					ID: "a1b2c3d4-e5f6-7890-abcd-ef1234567890",
+				},
+				Token:      "VALID1234567890A",
+				ExpiresAt:  datatype.DateTime(time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour)),
+				UsageLimit: 1,
+				UsageCount: 0,
+			},
+			{
+				Base: model.Base{
+					ID: "b2c3d4e5-f6g7-8901-bcde-f12345678901",
+				},
+				Token:      "PARTIAL567890ABC",
+				ExpiresAt:  datatype.DateTime(time.Now().Add(7 * 24 * time.Hour)),
+				UsageLimit: 5,
+				UsageCount: 2,
+			},
+			{
+				Base: model.Base{
+					ID: "c3d4e5f6-g7h8-9012-cdef-123456789012",
+				},
+				Token:      "EXPIRED34567890B",
+				ExpiresAt:  datatype.DateTime(time.Now().Add(-24 * time.Hour)), // Expired
+				UsageLimit: 3,
+				UsageCount: 1,
+			},
+			{
+				Base: model.Base{
+					ID: "d4e5f6g7-h8i9-0123-def0-234567890123",
+				},
+				Token:      "FULLYUSED567890C",
+				ExpiresAt:  datatype.DateTime(time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour)),
+				UsageLimit: 1,
+				UsageCount: 1, // Usage limit reached
+			},
+		}
+		for _, token := range signupTokens {
+			if err := tx.Create(&token).Error; err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+
 		return nil
 	})
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (s *TestService) ResetDatabase() error {
@@ -349,3 +475,94 @@ func (s *TestService) getCborPublicKey(base64PublicKey string) ([]byte, error) {
 
 	return cborPublicKey, nil
 }
+
+// SyncLdap triggers an LDAP synchronization
+func (s *TestService) SyncLdap(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return s.ldapService.SyncAll(ctx)
+}
+
+// SetLdapTestConfig writes the test LDAP config variables directly to the database.
+func (s *TestService) SetLdapTestConfig(ctx context.Context) error {
+	err := s.db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		ldapConfigs := map[string]string{
+			"ldapUrl":                            "ldap://lldap:3890",
+			"ldapBindDn":                         "uid=admin,ou=people,dc=pocket-id,dc=org",
+			"ldapBindPassword":                   "admin_password",
+			"ldapBase":                           "dc=pocket-id,dc=org",
+			"ldapUserSearchFilter":               "(objectClass=person)",
+			"ldapUserGroupSearchFilter":          "(objectClass=groupOfNames)",
+			"ldapSkipCertVerify":                 "true",
+			"ldapAttributeUserUniqueIdentifier":  "uuid",
+			"ldapAttributeUserUsername":          "uid",
+			"ldapAttributeUserEmail":             "mail",
+			"ldapAttributeUserFirstName":         "givenName",
+			"ldapAttributeUserLastName":          "sn",
+			"ldapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier": "uuid",
+			"ldapAttributeGroupName":             "uid",
+			"ldapAttributeGroupMember":           "member",
+			"ldapAttributeAdminGroup":            "admin_group",
+			"ldapSoftDeleteUsers":                "true",
+			"ldapEnabled":                        "true",
+		}
+
+		for key, value := range ldapConfigs {
+			configVar := model.AppConfigVariable{Key: key, Value: value}
+			if err := tx.Create(&configVar).Error; err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to create config variable '%s': %w", key, err)
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set LDAP test config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := s.appConfigService.LoadDbConfig(ctx); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load app config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *TestService) SignRefreshToken(userID, clientID, refreshToken string) (string, error) {
+	return s.jwtService.GenerateOAuthRefreshToken(userID, clientID, refreshToken)
+}
+
+// GetExternalIdPJWKS returns the JWKS for the "external IdP".
+func (s *TestService) GetExternalIdPJWKS() (jwk.Set, error) {
+	pubKey, err := s.externalIdPKey.PublicKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get public key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	set := jwk.NewSet()
+	err = set.AddKey(pubKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to add public key to set: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return set, nil
+}
+
+func (s *TestService) SignExternalIdPToken(iss, sub, aud string) (string, error) {
+	now := time.Now()
+	token, err := jwt.NewBuilder().
+		Subject(sub).
+		Expiration(now.Add(time.Hour)).
+		IssuedAt(now).
+		Issuer(iss).
+		Audience([]string{aud}).
+		Build()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to build token: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	alg, _ := s.externalIdPKey.Algorithm()
+	signed, err := jwt.Sign(token, jwt.WithKey(alg, s.externalIdPKey))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to sign token: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return string(signed), nil
+}

backend/internal/service/email_service.go

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ type EmailService struct {
 	textTemplates    map[string]*ttemplate.Template
 }
 
-func NewEmailService(appConfigService *AppConfigService, db *gorm.DB) (*EmailService, error) {
+func NewEmailService(db *gorm.DB, appConfigService *AppConfigService) (*EmailService, error) {
 	htmlTemplates, err := email.PrepareHTMLTemplates(emailTemplatesPaths)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("prepare html templates: %w", err)

backend/internal/service/geolite_service.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
@@ -22,8 +23,10 @@ import (
 )
 
 type GeoLiteService struct {
-	disableUpdater bool
-	mutex          sync.Mutex
+	httpClient      *http.Client
+	disableUpdater  bool
+	mutex           sync.RWMutex
+	localIPv6Ranges []*net.IPNet
 }
 
 var localhostIPNets = []*net.IPNet{
@@ -42,29 +45,95 @@ var tailscaleIPNets = []*net.IPNet{
 }
 
 // NewGeoLiteService initializes a new GeoLiteService instance and starts a goroutine to update the GeoLite2 City database.
-func NewGeoLiteService(ctx context.Context) *GeoLiteService {
-	service := &GeoLiteService{}
+func NewGeoLiteService(httpClient *http.Client) *GeoLiteService {
+	service := &GeoLiteService{
+		httpClient: httpClient,
+	}
 
 	if common.EnvConfig.MaxMindLicenseKey == "" && common.EnvConfig.GeoLiteDBUrl == common.MaxMindGeoLiteCityUrl {
-		// Warn the user, and disable the updater.
+		// Warn the user, and disable the periodic updater
 		log.Println("MAXMIND_LICENSE_KEY environment variable is empty. The GeoLite2 City database won't be updated.")
 		service.disableUpdater = true
 	}
 
-	go func() {
-		err := service.updateDatabase(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Failed to update GeoLite2 City database: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
+	// Initialize IPv6 local ranges
+	if err := service.initializeIPv6LocalRanges(); err != nil {
+		log.Printf("Warning: Failed to initialize IPv6 local ranges: %v", err)
+	}
 
 	return service
 }
 
+// initializeIPv6LocalRanges parses the LOCAL_IPV6_RANGES environment variable
+func (s *GeoLiteService) initializeIPv6LocalRanges() error {
+	rangesEnv := common.EnvConfig.LocalIPv6Ranges
+	if rangesEnv == "" {
+		return nil // No local IPv6 ranges configured
+	}
+
+	ranges := strings.Split(rangesEnv, ",")
+	localRanges := make([]*net.IPNet, 0, len(ranges))
+
+	for _, rangeStr := range ranges {
+		rangeStr = strings.TrimSpace(rangeStr)
+		if rangeStr == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		_, ipNet, err := net.ParseCIDR(rangeStr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid IPv6 range '%s': %w", rangeStr, err)
+		}
+
+		// Ensure it's an IPv6 range
+		if ipNet.IP.To4() != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("range '%s' is not a valid IPv6 range", rangeStr)
+		}
+
+		localRanges = append(localRanges, ipNet)
+	}
+
+	s.localIPv6Ranges = localRanges
+
+	if len(localRanges) > 0 {
+		log.Printf("Initialized %d IPv6 local ranges", len(localRanges))
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// isLocalIPv6 checks if the given IPv6 address is within any of the configured local ranges
+func (s *GeoLiteService) isLocalIPv6(ip net.IP) bool {
+	if ip.To4() != nil {
+		return false // Not an IPv6 address
+	}
+
+	for _, localRange := range s.localIPv6Ranges {
+		if localRange.Contains(ip) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+func (s *GeoLiteService) DisableUpdater() bool {
+	return s.disableUpdater
+}
+
 // GetLocationByIP returns the country and city of the given IP address.
 func (s *GeoLiteService) GetLocationByIP(ipAddress string) (country, city string, err error) {
+	if ipAddress == "" {
+		return "", "", nil
+	}
+
 	// Check the IP address against known private IP ranges
 	if ip := net.ParseIP(ipAddress); ip != nil {
+		// Check IPv6 local ranges first
+		if s.isLocalIPv6(ip) {
+			return "Internal Network", "LAN", nil
+		}
+
+		// Check existing IPv4 ranges
 		for _, ipNet := range tailscaleIPNets {
 			if ipNet.Contains(ip) {
 				return "Internal Network", "Tailscale", nil
@@ -72,7 +141,7 @@ func (s *GeoLiteService) GetLocationByIP(ipAddress string) (country, city string
 		}
 		for _, ipNet := range privateLanIPNets {
 			if ipNet.Contains(ip) {
-				return "Internal Network", "LAN/Docker/k8s", nil
+				return "Internal Network", "LAN", nil
 			}
 		}
 		for _, ipNet := range localhostIPNets {
@@ -82,9 +151,14 @@ func (s *GeoLiteService) GetLocationByIP(ipAddress string) (country, city string
 		}
 	}
 
+	addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(ipAddress)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to parse IP address: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	// Race condition between reading and writing the database.
-	s.mutex.Lock()
-	defer s.mutex.Unlock()
+	s.mutex.RLock()
+	defer s.mutex.RUnlock()
 
 	db, err := maxminddb.Open(common.EnvConfig.GeoLiteDBPath)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -92,8 +166,6 @@ func (s *GeoLiteService) GetLocationByIP(ipAddress string) (country, city string
 	}
 	defer db.Close()
 
-	addr := netip.MustParseAddr(ipAddress)
-
 	var record struct {
 		City struct {
 			Names map[string]string `maxminddb:"names"`
@@ -112,18 +184,13 @@ func (s *GeoLiteService) GetLocationByIP(ipAddress string) (country, city string
 }
 
 // UpdateDatabase checks the age of the database and updates it if it's older than 14 days.
-func (s *GeoLiteService) updateDatabase(parentCtx context.Context) error {
-	if s.disableUpdater {
-		// Avoid updating the GeoLite2 City database.
-		return nil
-	}
-
+func (s *GeoLiteService) UpdateDatabase(parentCtx context.Context) error {
 	if s.isDatabaseUpToDate() {
-		log.Println("GeoLite2 City database is up-to-date.")
+		log.Println("GeoLite2 City database is up-to-date")
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	log.Println("Updating GeoLite2 City database...")
+	log.Println("Updating GeoLite2 City database")
 	downloadUrl := fmt.Sprintf(common.EnvConfig.GeoLiteDBUrl, common.EnvConfig.MaxMindLicenseKey)
 
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(parentCtx, 10*time.Minute)
@@ -134,7 +201,7 @@ func (s *GeoLiteService) updateDatabase(parentCtx context.Context) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create request: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+	resp, err := s.httpClient.Do(req)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to download database: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -145,7 +212,8 @@ func (s *GeoLiteService) updateDatabase(parentCtx context.Context) error {
 	}
 
 	// Extract the database file directly to the target path
-	if err := s.extractDatabase(resp.Body); err != nil {
+	err = s.extractDatabase(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to extract database: %w", err)
 	}
 
@@ -179,10 +247,9 @@ func (s *GeoLiteService) extractDatabase(reader io.Reader) error {
 	// Iterate over the files in the tar archive
 	for {
 		header, err := tarReader.Next()
-		if err == io.EOF {
+		if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
 			break
-		}
-		if err != nil {
+		} else if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to read tar archive: %w", err)
 		}
 

backend/internal/service/geolite_service_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestGeoLiteService_IPv6LocalRanges(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name            string
+		localRanges     string
+		testIP          string
+		expectedCountry string
+		expectedCity    string
+		expectError     bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:            "IPv6 in local range",
+			localRanges:     "2001:0db8:abcd:000::/56,2001:0db8:abcd:001::/56",
+			testIP:          "2001:0db8:abcd:000::1",
+			expectedCountry: "Internal Network",
+			expectedCity:    "LAN",
+			expectError:     false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "IPv6 not in local range",
+			localRanges: "2001:0db8:abcd:000::/56",
+			testIP:      "2001:0db8:ffff:000::1",
+			expectError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Multiple ranges - second range match",
+			localRanges:     "2001:0db8:abcd:000::/56,2001:0db8:abcd:001::/56",
+			testIP:          "2001:0db8:abcd:001::1",
+			expectedCountry: "Internal Network",
+			expectedCity:    "LAN",
+			expectError:     false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "Empty local ranges",
+			localRanges: "",
+			testIP:      "2001:0db8:abcd:000::1",
+			expectError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "IPv4 private address still works",
+			localRanges:     "2001:0db8:abcd:000::/56",
+			testIP:          "192.168.1.1",
+			expectedCountry: "Internal Network",
+			expectedCity:    "LAN",
+			expectError:     false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "IPv6 loopback",
+			localRanges:     "2001:0db8:abcd:000::/56",
+			testIP:          "::1",
+			expectedCountry: "Internal Network",
+			expectedCity:    "localhost",
+			expectError:     false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			originalConfig := common.EnvConfig.LocalIPv6Ranges
+			common.EnvConfig.LocalIPv6Ranges = tt.localRanges
+			defer func() {
+				common.EnvConfig.LocalIPv6Ranges = originalConfig
+			}()
+
+			service := NewGeoLiteService(&http.Client{})
+
+			country, city, err := service.GetLocationByIP(tt.testIP)
+
+			if tt.expectError {
+				if err == nil && country != "Internal Network" {
+					t.Errorf("Expected error or internal network classification for external IP")
+				}
+			} else {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedCountry, country)
+				assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedCity, city)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGeoLiteService_isLocalIPv6(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		localRanges string
+		testIP      string
+		expected    bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "Valid IPv6 in range",
+			localRanges: "2001:0db8:abcd:000::/56",
+			testIP:      "2001:0db8:abcd:000::1",
+			expected:    true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "Valid IPv6 not in range",
+			localRanges: "2001:0db8:abcd:000::/56",
+			testIP:      "2001:0db8:ffff:000::1",
+			expected:    false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "IPv4 address should return false",
+			localRanges: "2001:0db8:abcd:000::/56",
+			testIP:      "192.168.1.1",
+			expected:    false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "No ranges configured",
+			localRanges: "",
+			testIP:      "2001:0db8:abcd:000::1",
+			expected:    false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "Edge of range",
+			localRanges: "2001:0db8:abcd:000::/56",
+			testIP:      "2001:0db8:abcd:00ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff",
+			expected:    true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			originalConfig := common.EnvConfig.LocalIPv6Ranges
+			common.EnvConfig.LocalIPv6Ranges = tt.localRanges
+			defer func() {
+				common.EnvConfig.LocalIPv6Ranges = originalConfig
+			}()
+
+			service := NewGeoLiteService(&http.Client{})
+			ip := net.ParseIP(tt.testIP)
+			if ip == nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Invalid test IP: %s", tt.testIP)
+			}
+
+			result := service.isLocalIPv6(ip)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, result)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGeoLiteService_initializeIPv6LocalRanges(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		envValue    string
+		expectError bool
+		expectCount int
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "Valid IPv6 ranges",
+			envValue:    "2001:0db8:abcd:000::/56,2001:0db8:abcd:001::/56",
+			expectError: false,
+			expectCount: 2,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "Empty environment variable",
+			envValue:    "",
+			expectError: false,
+			expectCount: 0,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "Invalid CIDR notation",
+			envValue:    "2001:0db8:abcd:000::/999",
+			expectError: true,
+			expectCount: 0,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "IPv4 range in IPv6 env var",
+			envValue:    "192.168.1.0/24",
+			expectError: true,
+			expectCount: 0,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "Mixed valid and invalid ranges",
+			envValue:    "2001:0db8:abcd:000::/56,invalid-range",
+			expectError: true,
+			expectCount: 0,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "Whitespace handling",
+			envValue:    " 2001:0db8:abcd:000::/56 , 2001:0db8:abcd:001::/56 ",
+			expectError: false,
+			expectCount: 2,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			originalConfig := common.EnvConfig.LocalIPv6Ranges
+			common.EnvConfig.LocalIPv6Ranges = tt.envValue
+			defer func() {
+				common.EnvConfig.LocalIPv6Ranges = originalConfig
+			}()
+
+			service := &GeoLiteService{
+				httpClient: &http.Client{},
+			}
+
+			err := service.initializeIPv6LocalRanges()
+
+			if tt.expectError {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+			} else {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+
+			assert.Len(t, service.localIPv6Ranges, tt.expectCount)
+		})
+	}
+}

backend/internal/service/jwt_service.go

@@ -2,25 +2,20 @@ package service
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"crypto/rand"
-	"crypto/rsa"
-	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
 	"log"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3/jwa"
 	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3/jwk"
 	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3/jwt"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+	jwkutils "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/jwk"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -28,8 +23,9 @@ const (
 	// This is a JSON file containing a key encoded as JWK
 	PrivateKeyFile = "jwt_private_key.json"
 
-	// RsaKeySize is the size, in bits, of the RSA key to generate if none is found
-	RsaKeySize = 2048
+	// PrivateKeyFileEncrypted is the path in the data/keys folder where the encrypted key is stored
+	// This is a encrypted JSON file containing a key encoded as JWK
+	PrivateKeyFileEncrypted = "jwt_private_key.json.enc"
 
 	// KeyUsageSigning is the usage for the private keys, for the "use" property
 	KeyUsageSigning = "sig"
@@ -41,9 +37,15 @@ const (
 	// TokenTypeClaim is the claim used to identify the type of token
 	TokenTypeClaim = "type"
 
+	// RefreshTokenClaim is the claim used for the refresh token's value
+	RefreshTokenClaim = "rt"
+
 	// OAuthAccessTokenJWTType identifies a JWT as an OAuth access token
 	OAuthAccessTokenJWTType = "oauth-access-token" //nolint:gosec
 
+	// OAuthRefreshTokenJWTType identifies a JWT as an OAuth refresh token
+	OAuthRefreshTokenJWTType = "refresh-token"
+
 	// AccessTokenJWTType identifies a JWT as an access token used by Pocket ID
 	AccessTokenJWTType = "access-token"
 
@@ -55,58 +57,74 @@ const (
 )
 
 type JwtService struct {
+	envConfig        *common.EnvConfigSchema
 	privateKey       jwk.Key
 	keyId            string
 	appConfigService *AppConfigService
 	jwksEncoded      []byte
 }
 
-func NewJwtService(appConfigService *AppConfigService) *JwtService {
+func NewJwtService(db *gorm.DB, appConfigService *AppConfigService) *JwtService {
 	service := &JwtService{}
 
 	// Ensure keys are generated or loaded
-	if err := service.init(appConfigService, common.EnvConfig.KeysPath); err != nil {
+	err := service.init(db, appConfigService, &common.EnvConfig)
+	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatalf("Failed to initialize jwt service: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	return service
 }
 
-func (s *JwtService) init(appConfigService *AppConfigService, keysPath string) error {
+func (s *JwtService) init(db *gorm.DB, appConfigService *AppConfigService, envConfig *common.EnvConfigSchema) (err error) {
 	s.appConfigService = appConfigService
+	s.envConfig = envConfig
 
 	// Ensure keys are generated or loaded
-	return s.loadOrGenerateKey(keysPath)
+	return s.loadOrGenerateKey(db)
 }
 
-// loadOrGenerateKey loads the private key from the given path or generates it if not existing.
-func (s *JwtService) loadOrGenerateKey(keysPath string) error {
-	var key jwk.Key
-
-	// First, check if we have a JWK file
-	// If we do, then we just load that
-	jwkPath := filepath.Join(keysPath, PrivateKeyFile)
-	ok, err := utils.FileExists(jwkPath)
+func (s *JwtService) loadOrGenerateKey(db *gorm.DB) error {
+	// Get the key provider
+	keyProvider, err := jwkutils.GetKeyProvider(db, s.envConfig, s.appConfigService.GetDbConfig().InstanceID.Value)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to check if private key file (JWK) exists at path '%s': %w", jwkPath, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get key provider: %w", err)
 	}
-	if ok {
-		key, err = s.loadKeyJWK(jwkPath)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to load private key file (JWK) at path '%s': %w", jwkPath, err)
-		}
 
-		// Set the key, and we are done
+	// Try loading a key
+	key, err := keyProvider.LoadKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load key (provider type '%s'): %w", s.envConfig.KeysStorage, err)
+	}
+
+	// If we have a key, store it in the object and we're done
+	if key != nil {
 		err = s.SetKey(key)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to set private key: %w", err)
 		}
-
 		return nil
 	}
 
 	// If we are here, we need to generate a new key
-	key, err = s.generateNewRSAKey()
+	err = s.generateKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to generate key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Save the newly-generated key
+	err = keyProvider.SaveKey(s.privateKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to save private key (provider type '%s'): %w", s.envConfig.KeysStorage, err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// generateKey generates a new key and stores it in the object
+func (s *JwtService) generateKey() error {
+	// Default is to generate RS256 (RSA-2048) keys
+	key, err := jwkutils.GenerateKey(jwa.RS256().String(), "")
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to generate new private key: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -117,12 +135,6 @@ func (s *JwtService) loadOrGenerateKey(keysPath string) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set private key: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	// Save the key as JWK
-	err = SaveKeyJWK(s.privateKey, jwkPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to save private key file at path '%s': %w", jwkPath, err)
-	}
-
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -188,13 +200,13 @@ func (s *JwtService) GenerateAccessToken(user model.User) (string, error) {
 		Subject(user.ID).
 		Expiration(now.Add(s.appConfigService.GetDbConfig().SessionDuration.AsDurationMinutes())).
 		IssuedAt(now).
-		Issuer(common.EnvConfig.AppURL).
+		Issuer(s.envConfig.AppURL).
 		Build()
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to build token: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	err = SetAudienceString(token, common.EnvConfig.AppURL)
+	err = SetAudienceString(token, s.envConfig.AppURL)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to set 'aud' claim in token: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -225,8 +237,8 @@ func (s *JwtService) VerifyAccessToken(tokenString string) (jwt.Token, error) {
 		jwt.WithValidate(true),
 		jwt.WithKey(alg, s.privateKey),
 		jwt.WithAcceptableSkew(clockSkew),
-		jwt.WithAudience(common.EnvConfig.AppURL),
-		jwt.WithIssuer(common.EnvConfig.AppURL),
+		jwt.WithAudience(s.envConfig.AppURL),
+		jwt.WithIssuer(s.envConfig.AppURL),
 		jwt.WithValidator(TokenTypeValidator(AccessTokenJWTType)),
 	)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -236,41 +248,52 @@ func (s *JwtService) VerifyAccessToken(tokenString string) (jwt.Token, error) {
 	return token, nil
 }
 
-func (s *JwtService) GenerateIDToken(userClaims map[string]any, clientID string, nonce string) (string, error) {
+// BuildIDToken creates an ID token with all claims
+func (s *JwtService) BuildIDToken(userClaims map[string]any, clientID string, nonce string) (jwt.Token, error) {
 	now := time.Now()
 	token, err := jwt.NewBuilder().
 		Expiration(now.Add(1 * time.Hour)).
 		IssuedAt(now).
-		Issuer(common.EnvConfig.AppURL).
+		Issuer(s.envConfig.AppURL).
 		Build()
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to build token: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to build token: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	err = SetAudienceString(token, clientID)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to set 'aud' claim in token: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to set 'aud' claim in token: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	err = SetTokenType(token, IDTokenJWTType)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to set 'type' claim in token: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to set 'type' claim in token: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	for k, v := range userClaims {
 		err = token.Set(k, v)
 		if err != nil {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to set claim '%s': %w", k, err)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to set claim '%s': %w", k, err)
 		}
 	}
 
 	if nonce != "" {
 		err = token.Set("nonce", nonce)
 		if err != nil {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to set claim 'nonce': %w", err)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to set claim 'nonce': %w", err)
 		}
 	}
 
+	return token, nil
+}
+
+// GenerateIDToken creates and signs an ID token
+func (s *JwtService) GenerateIDToken(userClaims map[string]any, clientID string, nonce string) (string, error) {
+	token, err := s.BuildIDToken(userClaims, clientID, nonce)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
 	alg, _ := s.privateKey.Algorithm()
 	signed, err := jwt.Sign(token, jwt.WithKey(alg, s.privateKey))
 	if err != nil {
@@ -290,7 +313,7 @@ func (s *JwtService) VerifyIdToken(tokenString string, acceptExpiredTokens bool)
 		jwt.WithValidate(true),
 		jwt.WithKey(alg, s.privateKey),
 		jwt.WithAcceptableSkew(clockSkew),
-		jwt.WithIssuer(common.EnvConfig.AppURL),
+		jwt.WithIssuer(s.envConfig.AppURL),
 		jwt.WithValidator(TokenTypeValidator(IDTokenJWTType)),
 	)
 
@@ -313,24 +336,88 @@ func (s *JwtService) VerifyIdToken(tokenString string, acceptExpiredTokens bool)
 	return token, nil
 }
 
-func (s *JwtService) GenerateOauthAccessToken(user model.User, clientID string) (string, error) {
+// BuildOAuthAccessToken creates an OAuth access token with all claims
+func (s *JwtService) BuildOAuthAccessToken(user model.User, clientID string) (jwt.Token, error) {
 	now := time.Now()
 	token, err := jwt.NewBuilder().
 		Subject(user.ID).
 		Expiration(now.Add(1 * time.Hour)).
 		IssuedAt(now).
-		Issuer(common.EnvConfig.AppURL).
+		Issuer(s.envConfig.AppURL).
+		Build()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to build token: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	err = SetAudienceString(token, clientID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to set 'aud' claim in token: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	err = SetTokenType(token, OAuthAccessTokenJWTType)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to set 'type' claim in token: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return token, nil
+}
+
+// GenerateOAuthAccessToken creates and signs an OAuth access token
+func (s *JwtService) GenerateOAuthAccessToken(user model.User, clientID string) (string, error) {
+	token, err := s.BuildOAuthAccessToken(user, clientID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	alg, _ := s.privateKey.Algorithm()
+	signed, err := jwt.Sign(token, jwt.WithKey(alg, s.privateKey))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to sign token: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return string(signed), nil
+}
+
+func (s *JwtService) VerifyOAuthAccessToken(tokenString string) (jwt.Token, error) {
+	alg, _ := s.privateKey.Algorithm()
+	token, err := jwt.ParseString(
+		tokenString,
+		jwt.WithValidate(true),
+		jwt.WithKey(alg, s.privateKey),
+		jwt.WithAcceptableSkew(clockSkew),
+		jwt.WithIssuer(s.envConfig.AppURL),
+		jwt.WithValidator(TokenTypeValidator(OAuthAccessTokenJWTType)),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse token: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return token, nil
+}
+
+func (s *JwtService) GenerateOAuthRefreshToken(userID string, clientID string, refreshToken string) (string, error) {
+	now := time.Now()
+	token, err := jwt.NewBuilder().
+		Subject(userID).
+		Expiration(now.Add(RefreshTokenDuration)).
+		IssuedAt(now).
+		Issuer(s.envConfig.AppURL).
 		Build()
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to build token: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	err = token.Set(RefreshTokenClaim, refreshToken)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to set 'rt' claim in token: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	err = SetAudienceString(token, clientID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to set 'aud' claim in token: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	err = SetTokenType(token, OAuthAccessTokenJWTType)
+	err = SetTokenType(token, OAuthRefreshTokenJWTType)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to set 'type' claim in token: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -344,21 +431,58 @@ func (s *JwtService) GenerateOauthAccessToken(user model.User, clientID string)
 	return string(signed), nil
 }
 
-func (s *JwtService) VerifyOauthAccessToken(tokenString string) (jwt.Token, error) {
+func (s *JwtService) VerifyOAuthRefreshToken(tokenString string) (userID, clientID, rt string, err error) {
 	alg, _ := s.privateKey.Algorithm()
 	token, err := jwt.ParseString(
 		tokenString,
 		jwt.WithValidate(true),
 		jwt.WithKey(alg, s.privateKey),
 		jwt.WithAcceptableSkew(clockSkew),
-		jwt.WithIssuer(common.EnvConfig.AppURL),
-		jwt.WithValidator(TokenTypeValidator(OAuthAccessTokenJWTType)),
+		jwt.WithIssuer(s.envConfig.AppURL),
+		jwt.WithValidator(TokenTypeValidator(OAuthRefreshTokenJWTType)),
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse token: %w", err)
+		return "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to parse token: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	return token, nil
+	err = token.Get(RefreshTokenClaim, &rt)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get '%s' claim from token: %w", RefreshTokenClaim, err)
+	}
+
+	audiences, ok := token.Audience()
+	if !ok || len(audiences) != 1 || audiences[0] == "" {
+		return "", "", "", errors.New("failed to get 'aud' claim from token")
+	}
+	clientID = audiences[0]
+
+	userID, ok = token.Subject()
+	if !ok {
+		return "", "", "", errors.New("failed to get 'sub' claim from token")
+	}
+
+	return userID, clientID, rt, nil
+}
+
+// GetTokenType returns the type of the JWT token issued by Pocket ID, but **does not validate it**.
+func (s *JwtService) GetTokenType(tokenString string) (string, jwt.Token, error) {
+	// Disable validation and verification to parse the token without checking it
+	token, err := jwt.ParseString(
+		tokenString,
+		jwt.WithValidate(false),
+		jwt.WithVerify(false),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse token: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var tokenType string
+	err = token.Get(TokenTypeClaim, &tokenType)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get token type claim: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return tokenType, token, nil
 }
 
 // GetPublicJWK returns the JSON Web Key (JWK) for the public key.
@@ -372,7 +496,7 @@ func (s *JwtService) GetPublicJWK() (jwk.Key, error) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get public key: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	EnsureAlgInKey(pubKey)
+	jwkutils.EnsureAlgInKey(pubKey, "", "")
 
 	return pubKey, nil
 }
@@ -401,107 +525,6 @@ func (s *JwtService) GetKeyAlg() (jwa.KeyAlgorithm, error) {
 	return alg, nil
 }
 
-func (s *JwtService) loadKeyJWK(path string) (jwk.Key, error) {
-	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read key data: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	key, err := jwk.ParseKey(data)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse key: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return key, nil
-}
-
-// EnsureAlgInKey ensures that the key contains an "alg" parameter, set depending on the key type
-func EnsureAlgInKey(key jwk.Key) {
-	_, ok := key.Algorithm()
-	if ok {
-		// Algorithm is already set
-		return
-	}
-
-	switch key.KeyType() {
-	case jwa.RSA():
-		// Default to RS256 for RSA keys
-		_ = key.Set(jwk.AlgorithmKey, jwa.RS256())
-	case jwa.EC():
-		// Default to ES256 for ECDSA keys
-		_ = key.Set(jwk.AlgorithmKey, jwa.ES256())
-	case jwa.OKP():
-		// Default to EdDSA for OKP keys
-		_ = key.Set(jwk.AlgorithmKey, jwa.EdDSA())
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *JwtService) generateNewRSAKey() (jwk.Key, error) {
-	// We generate RSA keys only
-	rawKey, err := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, RsaKeySize)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to generate RSA private key: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Import the raw key
-	return importRawKey(rawKey)
-}
-
-func importRawKey(rawKey any) (jwk.Key, error) {
-	key, err := jwk.Import(rawKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to import generated private key: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Generate the key ID
-	kid, err := generateRandomKeyID()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to generate key ID: %w", err)
-	}
-	_ = key.Set(jwk.KeyIDKey, kid)
-
-	// Set other required fields
-	_ = key.Set(jwk.KeyUsageKey, KeyUsageSigning)
-	EnsureAlgInKey(key)
-
-	return key, err
-}
-
-// SaveKeyJWK saves a JWK to a file
-func SaveKeyJWK(key jwk.Key, path string) error {
-	dir := filepath.Dir(path)
-	err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0700)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create directory '%s' for key file: %w", dir, err)
-	}
-
-	keyFile, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0600)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create key file: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer keyFile.Close()
-
-	// Write the JSON file to disk
-	enc := json.NewEncoder(keyFile)
-	enc.SetEscapeHTML(false)
-	err = enc.Encode(key)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write key file: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// generateRandomKeyID generates a random key ID.
-func generateRandomKeyID() (string, error) {
-	buf := make([]byte, 8)
-	_, err := io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, buf)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to read random bytes: %w", err)
-	}
-	return base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(buf), nil
-}
-
 // GetIsAdmin returns the value of the "isAdmin" claim in the token
 func GetIsAdmin(token jwt.Token) (bool, error) {
 	if !token.Has(IsAdminClaim) {
@@ -509,7 +532,10 @@ func GetIsAdmin(token jwt.Token) (bool, error) {
 	}
 	var isAdmin bool
 	err := token.Get(IsAdminClaim, &isAdmin)
-	return isAdmin, err
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to get 'isAdmin' claim from token: %w", err)
+	}
+	return isAdmin, nil
 }
 
 // SetTokenType sets the "type" claim in the token

backend/internal/service/jwt_service_test.go

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
+	jwkutils "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/jwk"
 )
 
 func TestJwtService_Init(t *testing.T) {
@@ -32,9 +33,16 @@ func TestJwtService_Init(t *testing.T) {
 		// Create a temporary directory for the test
 		tempDir := t.TempDir()
 
+		// Setup the environment variable required by the token verification
+		mockEnvConfig := &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+			AppURL:      "https://test.example.com",
+			KeysStorage: "file",
+			KeysPath:    tempDir,
+		}
+
 		// Initialize the JWT service
 		service := &JwtService{}
-		err := service.init(mockConfig, tempDir)
+		err := service.init(nil, mockConfig, mockEnvConfig)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to initialize JWT service")
 
 		// Verify the private key was set
@@ -65,9 +73,16 @@ func TestJwtService_Init(t *testing.T) {
 		// Create a temporary directory for the test
 		tempDir := t.TempDir()
 
+		// Setup the environment variable required by the token verification
+		mockEnvConfig := &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+			AppURL:      "https://test.example.com",
+			KeysStorage: "file",
+			KeysPath:    tempDir,
+		}
+
 		// First create a service to generate a key
 		firstService := &JwtService{}
-		err := firstService.init(mockConfig, tempDir)
+		err := firstService.init(nil, mockConfig, mockEnvConfig)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
 		// Get the key ID of the first service
@@ -76,7 +91,7 @@ func TestJwtService_Init(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// Now create a new service that should load the existing key
 		secondService := &JwtService{}
-		err = secondService.init(mockConfig, tempDir)
+		err = secondService.init(nil, mockConfig, mockEnvConfig)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
 		// Verify the loaded key has the same ID as the original
@@ -89,12 +104,19 @@ func TestJwtService_Init(t *testing.T) {
 		// Create a temporary directory for the test
 		tempDir := t.TempDir()
 
+		// Setup the environment variable required by the token verification
+		mockEnvConfig := &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+			AppURL:      "https://test.example.com",
+			KeysStorage: "file",
+			KeysPath:    tempDir,
+		}
+
 		// Create a new JWK and save it to disk
 		origKeyID := createECDSAKeyJWK(t, tempDir)
 
 		// Now create a new service that should load the existing key
 		svc := &JwtService{}
-		err := svc.init(mockConfig, tempDir)
+		err := svc.init(nil, mockConfig, mockEnvConfig)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
 		// Ensure loaded key has the right algorithm
@@ -112,12 +134,19 @@ func TestJwtService_Init(t *testing.T) {
 		// Create a temporary directory for the test
 		tempDir := t.TempDir()
 
+		// Setup the environment variable required by the token verification
+		mockEnvConfig := &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+			AppURL:      "https://test.example.com",
+			KeysStorage: "file",
+			KeysPath:    tempDir,
+		}
+
 		// Create a new JWK and save it to disk
 		origKeyID := createEdDSAKeyJWK(t, tempDir)
 
 		// Now create a new service that should load the existing key
 		svc := &JwtService{}
-		err := svc.init(mockConfig, tempDir)
+		err := svc.init(nil, mockConfig, mockEnvConfig)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
 		// Ensure loaded key has the right algorithm and curve
@@ -146,9 +175,16 @@ func TestJwtService_GetPublicJWK(t *testing.T) {
 		// Create a temporary directory for the test
 		tempDir := t.TempDir()
 
+		// Setup the environment variable required by the token verification
+		mockEnvConfig := &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+			AppURL:      "https://test.example.com",
+			KeysStorage: "file",
+			KeysPath:    tempDir,
+		}
+
 		// Create a JWT service with initialized key
 		service := &JwtService{}
-		err := service.init(mockConfig, tempDir)
+		err := service.init(nil, mockConfig, mockEnvConfig)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to initialize JWT service")
 
 		// Get the JWK (public key)
@@ -177,12 +213,19 @@ func TestJwtService_GetPublicJWK(t *testing.T) {
 		// Create a temporary directory for the test
 		tempDir := t.TempDir()
 
+		// Setup the environment variable required by the token verification
+		mockEnvConfig := &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+			AppURL:      "https://test.example.com",
+			KeysStorage: "file",
+			KeysPath:    tempDir,
+		}
+
 		// Create an ECDSA key and save it as JWK
 		originalKeyID := createECDSAKeyJWK(t, tempDir)
 
 		// Create a JWT service that loads the ECDSA key
 		service := &JwtService{}
-		err := service.init(mockConfig, tempDir)
+		err := service.init(nil, mockConfig, mockEnvConfig)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to initialize JWT service")
 
 		// Get the JWK (public key)
@@ -215,12 +258,19 @@ func TestJwtService_GetPublicJWK(t *testing.T) {
 		// Create a temporary directory for the test
 		tempDir := t.TempDir()
 
+		// Setup the environment variable required by the token verification
+		mockEnvConfig := &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+			AppURL:      "https://test.example.com",
+			KeysStorage: "file",
+			KeysPath:    tempDir,
+		}
+
 		// Create an EdDSA key and save it as JWK
 		originalKeyID := createEdDSAKeyJWK(t, tempDir)
 
 		// Create a JWT service that loads the EdDSA key
 		service := &JwtService{}
-		err := service.init(mockConfig, tempDir)
+		err := service.init(nil, mockConfig, mockEnvConfig)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to initialize JWT service")
 
 		// Get the JWK (public key)
@@ -275,16 +325,16 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	// Setup the environment variable required by the token verification
-	originalAppURL := common.EnvConfig.AppURL
-	common.EnvConfig.AppURL = "https://test.example.com"
-	defer func() {
-		common.EnvConfig.AppURL = originalAppURL
-	}()
+	mockEnvConfig := &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+		AppURL:      "https://test.example.com",
+		KeysStorage: "file",
+		KeysPath:    tempDir,
+	}
 
 	t.Run("generates token for regular user", func(t *testing.T) {
 		// Create a JWT service
 		service := &JwtService{}
-		err := service.init(mockConfig, tempDir)
+		err := service.init(nil, mockConfig, mockEnvConfig)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to initialize JWT service")
 
 		// Create a test user
@@ -327,7 +377,7 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("generates token for admin user", func(t *testing.T) {
 		// Create a JWT service
 		service := &JwtService{}
-		err := service.init(mockConfig, tempDir)
+		err := service.init(nil, mockConfig, mockEnvConfig)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to initialize JWT service")
 
 		// Create a test admin user
@@ -363,7 +413,7 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 
 		service := &JwtService{}
-		err := service.init(customMockConfig, tempDir)
+		err := service.init(nil, customMockConfig, mockEnvConfig)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to initialize JWT service")
 
 		// Create a test user
@@ -398,7 +448,10 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// Create a JWT service that loads the key
 		service := &JwtService{}
-		err := service.init(mockConfig, tempDir)
+		err := service.init(nil, mockConfig, &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+			KeysStorage: "file",
+			KeysPath:    tempDir,
+		})
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to initialize JWT service")
 
 		// Verify it loaded the right key
@@ -452,7 +505,10 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// Create a JWT service that loads the key
 		service := &JwtService{}
-		err := service.init(mockConfig, tempDir)
+		err := service.init(nil, mockConfig, &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+			KeysStorage: "file",
+			KeysPath:    tempDir,
+		})
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to initialize JWT service")
 
 		// Verify it loaded the right key
@@ -506,7 +562,10 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// Create a JWT service that loads the key
 		service := &JwtService{}
-		err := service.init(mockConfig, tempDir)
+		err := service.init(nil, mockConfig, &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+			KeysStorage: "file",
+			KeysPath:    tempDir,
+		})
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to initialize JWT service")
 
 		// Verify it loaded the right key
@@ -562,16 +621,16 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyIdToken(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	// Setup the environment variable required by the token verification
-	originalAppURL := common.EnvConfig.AppURL
-	common.EnvConfig.AppURL = "https://test.example.com"
-	defer func() {
-		common.EnvConfig.AppURL = originalAppURL
-	}()
+	mockEnvConfig := &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+		AppURL:      "https://test.example.com",
+		KeysStorage: "file",
+		KeysPath:    tempDir,
+	}
 
 	t.Run("generates and verifies ID token with standard claims", func(t *testing.T) {
 		// Create a JWT service
 		service := &JwtService{}
-		err := service.init(mockConfig, tempDir)
+		err := service.init(nil, mockConfig, mockEnvConfig)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to initialize JWT service")
 
 		// Create test claims
@@ -600,7 +659,7 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyIdToken(t *testing.T) {
 			assert.Equal(t, []string{clientID}, audience, "Audience should contain the client ID")
 		issuer, ok := claims.Issuer()
 		_ = assert.True(t, ok, "Issuer not found in token") &&
-			assert.Equal(t, common.EnvConfig.AppURL, issuer, "Issuer should match app URL")
+			assert.Equal(t, service.envConfig.AppURL, issuer, "Issuer should match app URL")
 
 		// Check token expiration time is approximately 1 hour from now
 		expectedExp := time.Now().Add(1 * time.Hour)
@@ -613,7 +672,7 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyIdToken(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("can accept expired tokens if told so", func(t *testing.T) {
 		// Create a JWT service
 		service := &JwtService{}
-		err := service.init(mockConfig, tempDir)
+		err := service.init(nil, mockConfig, mockEnvConfig)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to initialize JWT service")
 
 		// Create test claims
@@ -627,7 +686,7 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyIdToken(t *testing.T) {
 		// Create a token that's already expired
 		token, err := jwt.NewBuilder().
 			Subject(userClaims["sub"].(string)).
-			Issuer(common.EnvConfig.AppURL).
+			Issuer(service.envConfig.AppURL).
 			Audience([]string{clientID}).
 			IssuedAt(time.Now().Add(-2 * time.Hour)).
 			Expiration(time.Now().Add(-1 * time.Hour)). // Expired 1 hour ago
@@ -665,13 +724,13 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyIdToken(t *testing.T) {
 			assert.Equal(t, userClaims["sub"], subject, "Token subject should match user ID")
 		issuer, ok := claims.Issuer()
 		_ = assert.True(t, ok, "Issuer not found in token") &&
-			assert.Equal(t, common.EnvConfig.AppURL, issuer, "Issuer should match app URL")
+			assert.Equal(t, service.envConfig.AppURL, issuer, "Issuer should match app URL")
 	})
 
 	t.Run("generates and verifies ID token with nonce", func(t *testing.T) {
 		// Create a JWT service
 		service := &JwtService{}
-		err := service.init(mockConfig, tempDir)
+		err := service.init(nil, mockConfig, mockEnvConfig)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to initialize JWT service")
 
 		// Create test claims with nonce
@@ -702,7 +761,7 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyIdToken(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("fails verification with incorrect issuer", func(t *testing.T) {
 		// Create a JWT service
 		service := &JwtService{}
-		err := service.init(mockConfig, tempDir)
+		err := service.init(nil, mockConfig, mockEnvConfig)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to initialize JWT service")
 
 		// Generate a token with standard claims
@@ -713,7 +772,7 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyIdToken(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to generate ID token")
 
 		// Temporarily change the app URL to simulate wrong issuer
-		common.EnvConfig.AppURL = "https://wrong-issuer.com"
+		service.envConfig.AppURL = "https://wrong-issuer.com"
 
 		// Verify should fail due to issuer mismatch
 		_, err = service.VerifyIdToken(tokenString, false)
@@ -730,7 +789,10 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyIdToken(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// Create a JWT service that loads the key
 		service := &JwtService{}
-		err := service.init(mockConfig, tempDir)
+		err := service.init(nil, mockConfig, &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+			KeysStorage: "file",
+			KeysPath:    tempDir,
+		})
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to initialize JWT service")
 
 		// Verify it loaded the right key
@@ -761,7 +823,7 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyIdToken(t *testing.T) {
 			assert.Equal(t, "eddsauser456", subject, "Token subject should match user ID")
 		issuer, ok := claims.Issuer()
 		_ = assert.True(t, ok, "Issuer not found in token") &&
-			assert.Equal(t, common.EnvConfig.AppURL, issuer, "Issuer should match app URL")
+			assert.Equal(t, service.envConfig.AppURL, issuer, "Issuer should match app URL")
 
 		// Verify the key type is OKP
 		publicKey, err := service.GetPublicJWK()
@@ -783,7 +845,10 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyIdToken(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// Create a JWT service that loads the key
 		service := &JwtService{}
-		err := service.init(mockConfig, tempDir)
+		err := service.init(nil, mockConfig, &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+			KeysStorage: "file",
+			KeysPath:    tempDir,
+		})
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to initialize JWT service")
 
 		// Verify it loaded the right key
@@ -794,7 +859,6 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyIdToken(t *testing.T) {
 		// Create test claims
 		userClaims := map[string]interface{}{
 			"sub":   "ecdsauser456",
-			"name":  "ECDSA User",
 			"email": "ecdsauser@example.com",
 		}
 		const clientID = "ecdsa-client-123"
@@ -814,7 +878,7 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyIdToken(t *testing.T) {
 			assert.Equal(t, "ecdsauser456", subject, "Token subject should match user ID")
 		issuer, ok := claims.Issuer()
 		_ = assert.True(t, ok, "Issuer not found in token") &&
-			assert.Equal(t, common.EnvConfig.AppURL, issuer, "Issuer should match app URL")
+			assert.Equal(t, service.envConfig.AppURL, issuer, "Issuer should match app URL")
 
 		// Verify the key type is EC
 		publicKey, err := service.GetPublicJWK()
@@ -836,7 +900,10 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyIdToken(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// Create a JWT service that loads the key
 		service := &JwtService{}
-		err := service.init(mockConfig, tempDir)
+		err := service.init(nil, mockConfig, &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+			KeysStorage: "file",
+			KeysPath:    tempDir,
+		})
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to initialize JWT service")
 
 		// Verify it loaded the right key
@@ -867,21 +934,11 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyIdToken(t *testing.T) {
 			assert.Equal(t, "rsauser456", subject, "Token subject should match user ID")
 		issuer, ok := claims.Issuer()
 		_ = assert.True(t, ok, "Issuer not found in token") &&
-			assert.Equal(t, common.EnvConfig.AppURL, issuer, "Issuer should match app URL")
-
-		// Verify the key type is RSA
-		publicKey, err := service.GetPublicJWK()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, jwa.RSA().String(), publicKey.KeyType().String(), "Key type should be RSA")
-
-		// Verify the algorithm is RS256
-		alg, ok := publicKey.Algorithm()
-		require.True(t, ok)
-		assert.Equal(t, jwa.RS256().String(), alg.String(), "Algorithm should be RS256")
+			assert.Equal(t, service.envConfig.AppURL, issuer, "Issuer should match app URL")
 	})
 }
 
-func TestGenerateVerifyOauthAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
+func TestGenerateVerifyOAuthAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 	// Create a temporary directory for the test
 	tempDir := t.TempDir()
 
@@ -891,16 +948,16 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyOauthAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	// Setup the environment variable required by the token verification
-	originalAppURL := common.EnvConfig.AppURL
-	common.EnvConfig.AppURL = "https://test.example.com"
-	defer func() {
-		common.EnvConfig.AppURL = originalAppURL
-	}()
+	mockEnvConfig := &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+		AppURL:      "https://test.example.com",
+		KeysStorage: "file",
+		KeysPath:    tempDir,
+	}
 
 	t.Run("generates and verifies OAuth access token with standard claims", func(t *testing.T) {
 		// Create a JWT service
 		service := &JwtService{}
-		err := service.init(mockConfig, tempDir)
+		err := service.init(nil, mockConfig, mockEnvConfig)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to initialize JWT service")
 
 		// Create a test user
@@ -913,12 +970,12 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyOauthAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 		const clientID = "test-client-123"
 
 		// Generate a token
-		tokenString, err := service.GenerateOauthAccessToken(user, clientID)
+		tokenString, err := service.GenerateOAuthAccessToken(user, clientID)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to generate OAuth access token")
 		assert.NotEmpty(t, tokenString, "Token should not be empty")
 
 		// Verify the token
-		claims, err := service.VerifyOauthAccessToken(tokenString)
+		claims, err := service.VerifyOAuthAccessToken(tokenString)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to verify generated OAuth access token")
 
 		// Check the claims
@@ -930,7 +987,7 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyOauthAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 			assert.Equal(t, []string{clientID}, audience, "Audience should contain the client ID")
 		issuer, ok := claims.Issuer()
 		_ = assert.True(t, ok, "Issuer not found in token") &&
-			assert.Equal(t, common.EnvConfig.AppURL, issuer, "Issuer should match app URL")
+			assert.Equal(t, service.envConfig.AppURL, issuer, "Issuer should match app URL")
 
 		// Check token expiration time is approximately 1 hour from now
 		expectedExp := time.Now().Add(1 * time.Hour)
@@ -943,7 +1000,7 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyOauthAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("fails verification for expired token", func(t *testing.T) {
 		// Create a JWT service with a mock function to generate an expired token
 		service := &JwtService{}
-		err := service.init(mockConfig, tempDir)
+		err := service.init(nil, mockConfig, mockEnvConfig)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to initialize JWT service")
 
 		// Create a test user
@@ -960,7 +1017,7 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyOauthAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 			Expiration(time.Now().Add(-1 * time.Hour)). // Expired 1 hour ago
 			IssuedAt(time.Now().Add(-2 * time.Hour)).
 			Audience([]string{clientID}).
-			Issuer(common.EnvConfig.AppURL).
+			Issuer(service.envConfig.AppURL).
 			Build()
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to build token")
 
@@ -971,7 +1028,7 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyOauthAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to sign token")
 
 		// Verify should fail due to expiration
-		_, err = service.VerifyOauthAccessToken(string(signed))
+		_, err = service.VerifyOAuthAccessToken(string(signed))
 		require.Error(t, err, "Verification should fail with expired token")
 		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), `"exp" not satisfied`, "Error message should indicate token verification failure")
 	})
@@ -979,11 +1036,17 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyOauthAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("fails verification with invalid signature", func(t *testing.T) {
 		// Create two JWT services with different keys
 		service1 := &JwtService{}
-		err := service1.init(mockConfig, t.TempDir()) // Use a different temp dir
+		err := service1.init(nil, mockConfig, &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+			KeysStorage: "file",
+			KeysPath:    t.TempDir(), // Use a different temp dir
+		})
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to initialize first JWT service")
 
 		service2 := &JwtService{}
-		err = service2.init(mockConfig, t.TempDir()) // Use a different temp dir
+		err = service2.init(nil, mockConfig, &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+			KeysStorage: "file",
+			KeysPath:    t.TempDir(), // Use a different temp dir
+		})
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to initialize second JWT service")
 
 		// Create a test user
@@ -995,11 +1058,11 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyOauthAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 		const clientID = "test-client-789"
 
 		// Generate a token with the first service
-		tokenString, err := service1.GenerateOauthAccessToken(user, clientID)
+		tokenString, err := service1.GenerateOAuthAccessToken(user, clientID)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to generate OAuth access token")
 
 		// Verify with the second service should fail due to different keys
-		_, err = service2.VerifyOauthAccessToken(tokenString)
+		_, err = service2.VerifyOAuthAccessToken(tokenString)
 		require.Error(t, err, "Verification should fail with invalid signature")
 		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "verification error", "Error message should indicate token verification failure")
 	})
@@ -1013,7 +1076,10 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyOauthAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// Create a JWT service that loads the key
 		service := &JwtService{}
-		err := service.init(mockConfig, tempDir)
+		err := service.init(nil, mockConfig, &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+			KeysStorage: "file",
+			KeysPath:    tempDir,
+		})
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to initialize JWT service")
 
 		// Verify it loaded the right key
@@ -1031,12 +1097,12 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyOauthAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 		const clientID = "eddsa-oauth-client"
 
 		// Generate a token
-		tokenString, err := service.GenerateOauthAccessToken(user, clientID)
+		tokenString, err := service.GenerateOAuthAccessToken(user, clientID)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to generate OAuth access token with key")
 		assert.NotEmpty(t, tokenString, "Token should not be empty")
 
 		// Verify the token
-		claims, err := service.VerifyOauthAccessToken(tokenString)
+		claims, err := service.VerifyOAuthAccessToken(tokenString)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to verify generated OAuth access token with key")
 
 		// Check the claims
@@ -1067,7 +1133,10 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyOauthAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// Create a JWT service that loads the key
 		service := &JwtService{}
-		err := service.init(mockConfig, tempDir)
+		err := service.init(nil, mockConfig, &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+			KeysStorage: "file",
+			KeysPath:    tempDir,
+		})
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to initialize JWT service")
 
 		// Verify it loaded the right key
@@ -1085,12 +1154,12 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyOauthAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 		const clientID = "ecdsa-oauth-client"
 
 		// Generate a token
-		tokenString, err := service.GenerateOauthAccessToken(user, clientID)
+		tokenString, err := service.GenerateOAuthAccessToken(user, clientID)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to generate OAuth access token with key")
 		assert.NotEmpty(t, tokenString, "Token should not be empty")
 
 		// Verify the token
-		claims, err := service.VerifyOauthAccessToken(tokenString)
+		claims, err := service.VerifyOAuthAccessToken(tokenString)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to verify generated OAuth access token with key")
 
 		// Check the claims
@@ -1121,7 +1190,10 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyOauthAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// Create a JWT service that loads the key
 		service := &JwtService{}
-		err := service.init(mockConfig, tempDir)
+		err := service.init(nil, mockConfig, &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+			KeysStorage: "file",
+			KeysPath:    tempDir,
+		})
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to initialize JWT service")
 
 		// Verify it loaded the right key
@@ -1139,12 +1211,12 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyOauthAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 		const clientID = "rsa-oauth-client"
 
 		// Generate a token
-		tokenString, err := service.GenerateOauthAccessToken(user, clientID)
+		tokenString, err := service.GenerateOAuthAccessToken(user, clientID)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to generate OAuth access token with key")
 		assert.NotEmpty(t, tokenString, "Token should not be empty")
 
 		// Verify the token
-		claims, err := service.VerifyOauthAccessToken(tokenString)
+		claims, err := service.VerifyOAuthAccessToken(tokenString)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to verify generated OAuth access token with key")
 
 		// Check the claims
@@ -1167,6 +1239,98 @@ func TestGenerateVerifyOauthAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+func TestGenerateVerifyOAuthRefreshToken(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create a temporary directory for the test
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	// Initialize the JWT service with a mock AppConfigService
+	mockConfig := NewTestAppConfigService(&model.AppConfig{})
+
+	// Setup the environment variable required by the token verification
+	mockEnvConfig := &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+		AppURL:      "https://test.example.com",
+		KeysStorage: "file",
+		KeysPath:    tempDir,
+	}
+
+	t.Run("generates and verifies refresh token", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a JWT service
+		service := &JwtService{}
+		err := service.init(nil, mockConfig, mockEnvConfig)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to initialize JWT service")
+
+		// Create a test user
+		const (
+			userID       = "user123"
+			clientID     = "client123"
+			refreshToken = "rt-123"
+		)
+
+		// Generate a token
+		tokenString, err := service.GenerateOAuthRefreshToken(userID, clientID, refreshToken)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to generate refresh token")
+		assert.NotEmpty(t, tokenString, "Token should not be empty")
+
+		// Verify the token
+		resUser, resClient, resRT, err := service.VerifyOAuthRefreshToken(tokenString)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to verify generated token")
+		assert.Equal(t, userID, resUser, "Should return correct user ID")
+		assert.Equal(t, clientID, resClient, "Should return correct client ID")
+		assert.Equal(t, refreshToken, resRT, "Should return correct refresh token")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("fails verification for expired token", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a JWT service
+		service := &JwtService{}
+		err := service.init(nil, mockConfig, mockEnvConfig)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to initialize JWT service")
+
+		// Generate a token using JWT directly to create an expired token
+		token, err := jwt.NewBuilder().
+			Subject("user789").
+			Expiration(time.Now().Add(-1 * time.Hour)). // Expired 1 hour ago
+			IssuedAt(time.Now().Add(-2 * time.Hour)).
+			Audience([]string{"client123"}).
+			Issuer(service.envConfig.AppURL).
+			Build()
+		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to build token")
+
+		signed, err := jwt.Sign(token, jwt.WithKey(jwa.RS256(), service.privateKey))
+		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to sign token")
+
+		// Verify should fail due to expiration
+		_, _, _, err = service.VerifyOAuthRefreshToken(string(signed))
+		require.Error(t, err, "Verification should fail with expired token")
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), `"exp" not satisfied`, "Error message should indicate token verification failure")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("fails verification with invalid signature", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create two JWT services with different keys
+		service1 := &JwtService{}
+		err := service1.init(nil, mockConfig, &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+			KeysStorage: "file",
+			KeysPath:    t.TempDir(), // Use a different temp dir
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to initialize first JWT service")
+
+		service2 := &JwtService{}
+		err = service2.init(nil, mockConfig, &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+			KeysStorage: "file",
+			KeysPath:    t.TempDir(), // Use a different temp dir
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to initialize second JWT service")
+
+		// Generate a token with the first service
+		tokenString, err := service1.GenerateOAuthRefreshToken("user789", "client123", "my-rt-123")
+		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to generate refresh token")
+
+		// Verify with the second service should fail due to different keys
+		_, _, _, err = service2.VerifyOAuthRefreshToken(tokenString)
+		require.Error(t, err, "Verification should fail with invalid signature")
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "verification error", "Error message should indicate token verification failure")
+	})
+}
+
 func TestTokenTypeValidator(t *testing.T) {
 	// Create a context for the validator function
 	ctx := context.Background()
@@ -1212,16 +1376,125 @@ func TestTokenTypeValidator(t *testing.T) {
 		require.Error(t, err, "Validator should reject token without type claim")
 		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "failed to get token type claim")
 	})
+}
 
+func TestGetTokenType(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create a temporary directory for the test
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	// Initialize the JWT service
+	mockConfig := NewTestAppConfigService(&model.AppConfig{})
+	service := &JwtService{}
+	err := service.init(nil, mockConfig, &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+		KeysStorage: "file",
+		KeysPath:    tempDir,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to initialize JWT service")
+
+	buildTokenForType := func(t *testing.T, typ string, setClaimsFn func(b *jwt.Builder)) string {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		b := jwt.NewBuilder()
+		b.Subject("user123")
+		if setClaimsFn != nil {
+			setClaimsFn(b)
+		}
+
+		token, err := b.Build()
+		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to build token")
+
+		err = SetTokenType(token, typ)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to set token type")
+
+		alg, _ := service.privateKey.Algorithm()
+		signed, err := jwt.Sign(token, jwt.WithKey(alg, service.privateKey))
+		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to sign token")
+
+		return string(signed)
+	}
+
+	t.Run("correctly identifies access tokens", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tokenString := buildTokenForType(t, AccessTokenJWTType, nil)
+
+		// Get the token type without validating
+		tokenType, _, err := service.GetTokenType(tokenString)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "GetTokenType should not return an error")
+		assert.Equal(t, AccessTokenJWTType, tokenType, "Token type should be correctly identified as access token")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("correctly identifies ID tokens", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tokenString := buildTokenForType(t, IDTokenJWTType, nil)
+
+		// Get the token type without validating
+		tokenType, _, err := service.GetTokenType(tokenString)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "GetTokenType should not return an error")
+		assert.Equal(t, IDTokenJWTType, tokenType, "Token type should be correctly identified as ID token")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("correctly identifies OAuth access tokens", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tokenString := buildTokenForType(t, OAuthAccessTokenJWTType, nil)
+
+		// Get the token type without validating
+		tokenType, _, err := service.GetTokenType(tokenString)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "GetTokenType should not return an error")
+		assert.Equal(t, OAuthAccessTokenJWTType, tokenType, "Token type should be correctly identified as OAuth access token")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("correctly identifies refresh tokens", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tokenString := buildTokenForType(t, OAuthRefreshTokenJWTType, nil)
+
+		// Get the token type without validating
+		tokenType, _, err := service.GetTokenType(tokenString)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "GetTokenType should not return an error")
+		assert.Equal(t, OAuthRefreshTokenJWTType, tokenType, "Token type should be correctly identified as refresh token")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("works with expired tokens", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tokenString := buildTokenForType(t, AccessTokenJWTType, func(b *jwt.Builder) {
+			b.Expiration(time.Now().Add(-1 * time.Hour)) // Expired 1 hour ago
+		})
+
+		// Get the token type without validating
+		tokenType, _, err := service.GetTokenType(tokenString)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "GetTokenType should not return an error for expired tokens")
+		assert.Equal(t, AccessTokenJWTType, tokenType, "Token type should be correctly identified even for expired tokens")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns error for malformed tokens", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Try to get the token type of a malformed token
+		tokenType, _, err := service.GetTokenType("not.a.valid.jwt.token")
+		require.Error(t, err, "GetTokenType should return an error for malformed tokens")
+		assert.Empty(t, tokenType, "Token type should be empty for malformed tokens")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns error for tokens without type claim", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a token without type claim
+		tokenString := buildTokenForType(t, "", nil)
+
+		// Get the token type without validating
+		tokenType, _, err := service.GetTokenType(tokenString)
+		require.Error(t, err, "GetTokenType should return an error for tokens without type claim")
+		assert.Empty(t, tokenType, "Token type should be empty when type claim is missing")
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "failed to get token type claim", "Error message should indicate missing token type claim")
+	})
 }
 
 func importKey(t *testing.T, privateKeyRaw any, path string) string {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	privateKey, err := importRawKey(privateKeyRaw)
+	privateKey, err := jwkutils.ImportRawKey(privateKeyRaw, "", "")
 	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to import private key")
 
-	err = SaveKeyJWK(privateKey, filepath.Join(path, PrivateKeyFile))
+	keyProvider := &jwkutils.KeyProviderFile{}
+	err = keyProvider.Init(jwkutils.KeyProviderOpts{
+		EnvConfig: &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+			KeysStorage: "file",
+			KeysPath:    path,
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to init file key provider")
+
+	err = keyProvider.SaveKey(privateKey)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to save key")
 
 	kid, _ := privateKey.KeyID()

backend/internal/service/ldap_service.go

@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ import (
 	"net/url"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
 
 	"github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
@@ -23,14 +26,16 @@ import (
 
 type LdapService struct {
 	db               *gorm.DB
+	httpClient       *http.Client
 	appConfigService *AppConfigService
 	userService      *UserService
 	groupService     *UserGroupService
 }
 
-func NewLdapService(db *gorm.DB, appConfigService *AppConfigService, userService *UserService, groupService *UserGroupService) *LdapService {
+func NewLdapService(db *gorm.DB, httpClient *http.Client, appConfigService *AppConfigService, userService *UserService, groupService *UserGroupService) *LdapService {
 	return &LdapService{
 		db:               db,
+		httpClient:       httpClient,
 		appConfigService: appConfigService,
 		userService:      userService,
 		groupService:     groupService,
@@ -120,7 +125,7 @@ func (s *LdapService) SyncGroups(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, client *ldap.
 	ldapGroupIDs := make(map[string]struct{}, len(result.Entries))
 
 	for _, value := range result.Entries {
-		ldapId := value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier.Value)
+		ldapId := convertLdapIdToString(value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier.Value))
 
 		// Skip groups without a valid LDAP ID
 		if ldapId == "" {
@@ -146,22 +151,44 @@ func (s *LdapService) SyncGroups(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, client *ldap.
 		groupMembers := value.GetAttributeValues(dbConfig.LdapAttributeGroupMember.Value)
 		membersUserId := make([]string, 0, len(groupMembers))
 		for _, member := range groupMembers {
-			ldapId := getDNProperty("uid", member)
-			if ldapId == "" {
-				continue
+			username := getDNProperty(dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserUsername.Value, member)
+
+			// If username extraction fails, try to query LDAP directly for the user
+			if username == "" {
+				// Query LDAP to get the user by their DN
+				userSearchReq := ldap.NewSearchRequest(
+					member,
+					ldap.ScopeBaseObject,
+					0, 0, 0, false,
+					"(objectClass=*)",
+					[]string{dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserUsername.Value, dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserUniqueIdentifier.Value},
+					[]ldap.Control{},
+				)
+
+				userResult, err := client.Search(userSearchReq)
+				if err != nil || len(userResult.Entries) == 0 {
+					log.Printf("Could not resolve group member DN '%s': %v", member, err)
+					continue
+				}
+
+				username = userResult.Entries[0].GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserUsername.Value)
+				if username == "" {
+					log.Printf("Could not extract username from group member DN '%s'", member)
+					continue
+				}
 			}
 
 			var databaseUser model.User
 			err = tx.
 				WithContext(ctx).
-				Where("username = ? AND ldap_id IS NOT NULL", ldapId).
+				Where("username = ? AND ldap_id IS NOT NULL", username).
 				First(&databaseUser).
 				Error
 			if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 				// The user collides with a non-LDAP user, so we skip it
 				continue
 			} else if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to query for existing user '%s': %w", ldapId, err)
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to query for existing user '%s': %w", username, err)
 			}
 
 			membersUserId = append(membersUserId, databaseUser.ID)
@@ -170,7 +197,7 @@ func (s *LdapService) SyncGroups(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, client *ldap.
 		syncGroup := dto.UserGroupCreateDto{
 			Name:         value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeGroupName.Value),
 			FriendlyName: value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeGroupName.Value),
-			LdapID:       value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier.Value),
+			LdapID:       ldapId,
 		}
 
 		if databaseGroup.ID == "" {
@@ -262,7 +289,7 @@ func (s *LdapService) SyncUsers(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, client *ldap.C
 	ldapUserIDs := make(map[string]struct{}, len(result.Entries))
 
 	for _, value := range result.Entries {
-		ldapId := value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserUniqueIdentifier.Value)
+		ldapId := convertLdapIdToString(value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserUniqueIdentifier.Value))
 
 		// Skip users without a valid LDAP ID
 		if ldapId == "" {
@@ -303,7 +330,7 @@ func (s *LdapService) SyncUsers(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, client *ldap.C
 		// Check if user is admin by checking if they are in the admin group
 		isAdmin := false
 		for _, group := range value.GetAttributeValues("memberOf") {
-			if getDNProperty("cn", group) == dbConfig.LdapAttributeAdminGroup.Value {
+			if getDNProperty(dbConfig.LdapAttributeGroupName.Value, group) == dbConfig.LdapAttributeAdminGroup.Value {
 				isAdmin = true
 				break
 			}
@@ -393,7 +420,7 @@ func (s *LdapService) saveProfilePicture(parentCtx context.Context, userId strin
 
 	_, err := url.ParseRequestURI(pictureString)
 	if err == nil {
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(parentCtx, 5*time.Second)
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(parentCtx, 15*time.Second)
 		defer cancel()
 
 		var req *http.Request
@@ -403,7 +430,7 @@ func (s *LdapService) saveProfilePicture(parentCtx context.Context, userId strin
 		}
 
 		var res *http.Response
-		res, err = http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+		res, err = s.httpClient.Do(req)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to download profile picture: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -444,3 +471,21 @@ func getDNProperty(property string, str string) string {
 	// CN not found, return an empty string
 	return ""
 }
+
+// convertLdapIdToString converts LDAP IDs to valid UTF-8 strings.
+// LDAP servers may return binary UUIDs (16 bytes) or other non-UTF-8 data.
+func convertLdapIdToString(ldapId string) string {
+	if utf8.ValidString(ldapId) {
+		return ldapId
+	}
+
+	// Try to parse as binary UUID (16 bytes)
+	if len(ldapId) == 16 {
+		if parsedUUID, err := uuid.FromBytes([]byte(ldapId)); err == nil {
+			return parsedUUID.String()
+		}
+	}
+
+	// As a last resort, encode as base64 to make it UTF-8 safe
+	return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(ldapId))
+}

backend/internal/service/ldap_service_test.go

@@ -71,3 +71,36 @@ func TestGetDNProperty(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestConvertLdapIdToString(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		input    string
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "valid UTF-8 string",
+			input:    "simple-utf8-id",
+			expected: "simple-utf8-id",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "binary UUID (16 bytes)",
+			input:    string([]byte{0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78, 0x9a, 0xbc, 0xde, 0xf0, 0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78, 0x9a, 0xbc, 0xde, 0xf1}),
+			expected: "12345678-9abc-def0-1234-56789abcdef1",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "non-UTF8, non-UUID returns base64",
+			input:    string([]byte{0xff, 0xfe, 0xfd, 0xfc}),
+			expected: "//79/A==",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := convertLdapIdToString(tt.input)
+			if got != tt.expected {
+				t.Errorf("Expected %q, got %q", tt.expected, got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}