feat: restrict oidc clients by user groups per default

feat: allow audit log retention to be controlled by env variable (#1158 )
feat: minor redesign of auth pages
2025-12-23 17:25:22 +03:00 · 2025-12-23 13:51:35 +01:00 · 2025-12-23 13:50:00 +01:00 · 2025-12-22 21:36:23 +01:00 · 2025-12-21 18:26:52 +01:00 · 2025-12-17 16:20:22 +01:00
135 changed files with 3267 additions and 4278 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/e2e-tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/e2e-tests.yml
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          DOCKER_COMPOSE_FILE=docker-compose.yml

-          echo "FILE_BACKEND=${{ matrix.storage }}" > .env
+          export FILE_BACKEND="${{ matrix.storage }}"
          if [ "${{ matrix.db }}" = "postgres" ]; then
            DOCKER_COMPOSE_FILE=docker-compose-postgres.yml
          elif [ "${{ matrix.storage }}" = "s3" ]; then
@@ -179,20 +179,7 @@ jobs:
          fi

          docker compose -f "$DOCKER_COMPOSE_FILE" up -d
-
-          {
-            LOG_FILE="/tmp/backend.log"
-            while true; do
-              CID=$(docker compose -f "$DOCKER_COMPOSE_FILE" ps -q pocket-id)
-              if [ -n "$CID" ]; then
-                echo "[$(date)] Attaching logs for $CID" >> "$LOG_FILE"
-                docker logs -f --since=0 "$CID" >> "$LOG_FILE" 2>&1
-              else
-                echo "[$(date)] Container not yet running…" >> "$LOG_FILE"
-              fi
-              sleep 1
-            done
-          } &
+          docker compose -f "$DOCKER_COMPOSE_FILE" logs -f pocket-id &> /tmp/backend.log &

      - name: Run Playwright tests
        working-directory: ./tests
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ node_modules
 /backend/bin
 pocket-id
 /tests/test-results/*.json
-.tmp/

 # OS
 .DS_Store
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Pocket ID is a simple OIDC provider that allows users to authenticate with their

 → Try out the [Demo](https://demo.pocket-id.org)

-<img src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/96ac549d-b897-404a-8811-f42b16ea58e2" width="1200"/>
+<img src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/1e99ba44-76da-4b47-9b8a-dbe9b7f84512" width="1200"/>

 The goal of Pocket ID is to be a simple and easy-to-use. There are other self-hosted OIDC providers like [Keycloak](https://www.keycloak.org/) or [ORY Hydra](https://www.ory.sh/hydra/) but they are often too complex for simple use cases.

--- a/backend/cmd/main.go
+++ b/backend/cmd/main.go
@@ -1,12 +1,9 @@
 package main

 import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
 	_ "time/tzdata"

 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/cmds"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 )

 // @title Pocket ID API
@@ -14,9 +11,5 @@ import (
 // @description.markdown

 func main() {
-	if err := common.ValidateEnvConfig(&common.EnvConfig); err != nil {
-		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "config error: %v\n", err)
-		os.Exit(1)
-	}
 	cmds.Execute()
 }
--- a/backend/go.mod
+++ b/backend/go.mod
@@ -3,54 +3,55 @@ module github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend
 go 1.25

 require (
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.40.0
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config v1.32.2
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials v1.19.2
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3 v1.92.1
-	github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.23.2
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.41.0
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config v1.32.5
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials v1.19.5
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3 v1.93.2
+	github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.24.0
 	github.com/caarlos0/env/v11 v11.3.1
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.3
 	github.com/disintegration/imageorient v0.0.0-20180920195336-8147d86e83ec
 	github.com/disintegration/imaging v1.6.2
 	github.com/emersion/go-sasl v0.0.0-20241020182733-b788ff22d5a6
 	github.com/emersion/go-smtp v0.24.0
+	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.0
 	github.com/gin-contrib/slog v1.2.0
 	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.11.0
 	github.com/glebarez/go-sqlite v1.22.0
 	github.com/glebarez/sqlite v1.11.0
-	github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2 v2.18.1
+	github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2 v2.18.2
 	github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3 v3.4.12
 	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.28.0
 	github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn v0.15.0
-	github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4 v4.19.0
+	github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4 v4.19.1
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-uuid v1.0.3
 	github.com/jinzhu/copier v0.4.0
 	github.com/joho/godotenv v1.5.1
-	github.com/lestrrat-go/httprc/v3 v3.0.1
+	github.com/lestrrat-go/httprc/v3 v3.0.2
 	github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3 v3.0.12
 	github.com/lmittmann/tint v1.1.2
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20
 	github.com/mileusna/useragent v1.3.5
 	github.com/orandin/slog-gorm v1.4.0
-	github.com/oschwald/maxminddb-golang/v2 v2.1.0
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.10.1
+	github.com/oschwald/maxminddb-golang/v2 v2.1.1
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.10.2
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/otelslog v0.13.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/exporters/autoexport v0.63.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/github.com/gin-gonic/gin/otelgin v0.63.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.63.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.38.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.14.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.38.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.38.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.14.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.38.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.38.0
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.45.0
-	golang.org/x/image v0.33.0
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.18.0
-	golang.org/x/text v0.31.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/otelslog v0.14.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/exporters/autoexport v0.64.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/github.com/gin-gonic/gin/otelgin v0.64.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.64.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.39.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.15.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.39.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.39.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.15.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.39.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.39.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.46.0
+	golang.org/x/image v0.34.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.19.0
+	golang.org/x/text v0.32.0
 	golang.org/x/time v0.14.0
 	gorm.io/driver/postgres v1.6.0
 	gorm.io/gorm v1.31.1
@@ -58,32 +59,31 @@ require (

 require (
 	github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream v1.7.3 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/ec2/imds v1.18.14 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources v1.4.14 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2 v2.7.14 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream v1.7.4 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/ec2/imds v1.18.16 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources v1.4.16 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2 v2.7.16 // indirect
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/ini v1.8.4 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/v4a v1.4.14 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/accept-encoding v1.13.3 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/checksum v1.9.5 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/presigned-url v1.13.14 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/s3shared v1.19.14 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/signin v1.0.2 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sso v1.30.5 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ssooidc v1.35.10 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts v1.41.2 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/v4a v1.4.16 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/accept-encoding v1.13.4 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/checksum v1.9.7 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/presigned-url v1.13.16 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/s3shared v1.19.16 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/signin v1.0.4 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sso v1.30.7 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ssooidc v1.35.12 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts v1.41.5 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/bytedance/gopkg v0.1.3 // indirect
 	github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.14.2 // indirect
 	github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cloudwego/base64x v0.1.6 // indirect
-	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc // indirect
 	github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4 v4.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/disintegration/gift v1.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
-	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.11 // indirect
 	github.com/gin-contrib/sse v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-asn1-ber/asn1-ber v1.5.8-0.20250403174932-29230038a667 // indirect
@@ -94,14 +94,12 @@ require (
 	github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-webauthn/x v0.1.26 // indirect
 	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.5 // indirect
-	github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.18.0 // indirect
+	github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.19.0 // indirect
 	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/google/go-github/v39 v39.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/google/go-querystring v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/google/go-tpm v0.9.7 // indirect
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.27.3 // indirect
-	github.com/hashicorp/errwrap v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20240606120523-5a60cdf6a761 // indirect
@@ -117,7 +115,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/lestrrat-go/dsig v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/lestrrat-go/dsig-secp256k1 v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/lestrrat-go/httpcc v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/lestrrat-go/option v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/lestrrat-go/option/v2 v2.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/lib/pq v1.10.9 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.32 // indirect
@@ -126,44 +123,44 @@ require (
 	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
 	github.com/ncruces/go-strftime v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.4 // indirect
-	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.23.2 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/common v0.67.4 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/otlptranslator v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.19.2 // indirect
 	github.com/quic-go/qpack v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.57.0 // indirect
+	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.57.1 // indirect
 	github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec // indirect
 	github.com/robfig/cron/v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/segmentio/asm v1.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.10 // indirect
 	github.com/twitchyliquid64/golang-asm v0.15.1 // indirect
 	github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.3.1 // indirect
-	github.com/valyala/fastjson v1.6.4 // indirect
+	github.com/valyala/fastjson v1.6.5 // indirect
 	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.2.1 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/prometheus v0.63.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploggrpc v0.14.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploghttp v0.14.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetricgrpc v1.38.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetrichttp v1.38.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.38.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.38.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.38.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/prometheus v0.60.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.14.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.38.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace v1.38.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/prometheus v0.64.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploggrpc v0.15.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploghttp v0.15.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetricgrpc v1.39.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetrichttp v1.39.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.39.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.39.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.39.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/prometheus v0.61.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.15.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.39.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace v1.39.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.9.0 // indirect
 	go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.3 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/arch v0.23.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20251125195548-87e1e737ad39 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.47.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.33.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20251124214823-79d6a2a48846 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20251124214823-79d6a2a48846 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20251209150349-8475f28825e9 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.48.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.34.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.39.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20251202230838-ff82c1b0f217 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20251202230838-ff82c1b0f217 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/grpc v1.77.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.10 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
--- a/backend/go.sum
+++ b/backend/go.sum
@@ -6,44 +6,44 @@ github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 h1:F2VQgta7ecxGYO8k3ZZz3RS8fVIXVxONVUPlNERo
 github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2/go.mod h1:yd8OoFMLzJbo9gZq8j5qaps8bJ9aShtEA8Ipt1oGCvU=
 github.com/alexbrainman/sspi v0.0.0-20250919150558-7d374ff0d59e h1:4dAU9FXIyQktpoUAgOJK3OTFc/xug0PCXYCqU0FgDKI=
 github.com/alexbrainman/sspi v0.0.0-20250919150558-7d374ff0d59e/go.mod h1:cEWa1LVoE5KvSD9ONXsZrj0z6KqySlCCNKHlLzbqAt4=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.40.0 h1:/WMUA0kjhZExjOQN2z3oLALDREea1A7TobfuiBrKlwc=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.40.0/go.mod h1:c9pm7VwuW0UPxAEYGyTmyurVcNrbF6Rt/wixFqDhcjE=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream v1.7.3 h1:DHctwEM8P8iTXFxC/QK0MRjwEpWQeM9yzidCRjldUz0=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream v1.7.3/go.mod h1:xdCzcZEtnSTKVDOmUZs4l/j3pSV6rpo1WXl5ugNsL8Y=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config v1.32.2 h1:4liUsdEpUUPZs5WVapsJLx5NPmQhQdez7nYFcovrytk=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config v1.32.2/go.mod h1:l0hs06IFz1eCT+jTacU/qZtC33nvcnLADAPL/XyrkZI=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials v1.19.2 h1:qZry8VUyTK4VIo5aEdUcBjPZHL2v4FyQ3QEOaWcFLu4=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials v1.19.2/go.mod h1:YUqm5a1/kBnoK+/NY5WEiMocZihKSo15/tJdmdXnM5g=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/ec2/imds v1.18.14 h1:WZVR5DbDgxzA0BJeudId89Kmgy6DIU4ORpxwsVHz0qA=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/ec2/imds v1.18.14/go.mod h1:Dadl9QO0kHgbrH1GRqGiZdYtW5w+IXXaBNCHTIaheM4=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources v1.4.14 h1:PZHqQACxYb8mYgms4RZbhZG0a7dPW06xOjmaH0EJC/I=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources v1.4.14/go.mod h1:VymhrMJUWs69D8u0/lZ7jSB6WgaG/NqHi3gX0aYf6U0=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2 v2.7.14 h1:bOS19y6zlJwagBfHxs0ESzr1XCOU2KXJCWcq3E2vfjY=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2 v2.7.14/go.mod h1:1ipeGBMAxZ0xcTm6y6paC2C/J6f6OO7LBODV9afuAyM=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.41.0 h1:tNvqh1s+v0vFYdA1xq0aOJH+Y5cRyZ5upu6roPgPKd4=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.41.0/go.mod h1:MayyLB8y+buD9hZqkCW3kX1AKq07Y5pXxtgB+rRFhz0=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream v1.7.4 h1:489krEF9xIGkOaaX3CE/Be2uWjiXrkCH6gUX+bZA/BU=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream v1.7.4/go.mod h1:IOAPF6oT9KCsceNTvvYMNHy0+kMF8akOjeDvPENWxp4=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config v1.32.5 h1:pz3duhAfUgnxbtVhIK39PGF/AHYyrzGEyRD9Og0QrE8=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config v1.32.5/go.mod h1:xmDjzSUs/d0BB7ClzYPAZMmgQdrodNjPPhd6bGASwoE=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials v1.19.5 h1:xMo63RlqP3ZZydpJDMBsH9uJ10hgHYfQFIk1cHDXrR4=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials v1.19.5/go.mod h1:hhbH6oRcou+LpXfA/0vPElh/e0M3aFeOblE1sssAAEk=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/ec2/imds v1.18.16 h1:80+uETIWS1BqjnN9uJ0dBUaETh+P1XwFy5vwHwK5r9k=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/ec2/imds v1.18.16/go.mod h1:wOOsYuxYuB/7FlnVtzeBYRcjSRtQpAW0hCP7tIULMwo=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources v1.4.16 h1:rgGwPzb82iBYSvHMHXc8h9mRoOUBZIGFgKb9qniaZZc=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources v1.4.16/go.mod h1:L/UxsGeKpGoIj6DxfhOWHWQ/kGKcd4I1VncE4++IyKA=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2 v2.7.16 h1:1jtGzuV7c82xnqOVfx2F0xmJcOw5374L7N6juGW6x6U=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2 v2.7.16/go.mod h1:M2E5OQf+XLe+SZGmmpaI2yy+J326aFf6/+54PoxSANc=
 github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/ini v1.8.4 h1:WKuaxf++XKWlHWu9ECbMlha8WOEGm0OUEZqm4K/Gcfk=
 github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/ini v1.8.4/go.mod h1:ZWy7j6v1vWGmPReu0iSGvRiise4YI5SkR3OHKTZ6Wuc=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/v4a v1.4.14 h1:ITi7qiDSv/mSGDSWNpZ4k4Ve0DQR6Ug2SJQ8zEHoDXg=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/v4a v1.4.14/go.mod h1:k1xtME53H1b6YpZt74YmwlONMWf4ecM+lut1WQLAF/U=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/accept-encoding v1.13.3 h1:x2Ibm/Af8Fi+BH+Hsn9TXGdT+hKbDd5XOTZxTMxDk7o=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/accept-encoding v1.13.3/go.mod h1:IW1jwyrQgMdhisceG8fQLmQIydcT/jWY21rFhzgaKwo=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/checksum v1.9.5 h1:Hjkh7kE6D81PgrHlE/m9gx+4TyyeLHuY8xJs7yXN5C4=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/checksum v1.9.5/go.mod h1:nPRXgyCfAurhyaTMoBMwRBYBhaHI4lNPAnJmjM0Tslc=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/presigned-url v1.13.14 h1:FIouAnCE46kyYqyhs0XEBDFFSREtdnr8HQuLPQPLCrY=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/presigned-url v1.13.14/go.mod h1:UTwDc5COa5+guonQU8qBikJo1ZJ4ln2r1MkF7Dqag1E=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/s3shared v1.19.14 h1:FzQE21lNtUor0Fb7QNgnEyiRCBlolLTX/Z1j65S7teM=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/s3shared v1.19.14/go.mod h1:s1ydyWG9pm3ZwmmYN21HKyG9WzAZhYVW85wMHs5FV6w=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3 v1.92.1 h1:OgQy/+0+Kc3khtqiEOk23xQAglXi3Tj0y5doOxbi5tg=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3 v1.92.1/go.mod h1:wYNqY3L02Z3IgRYxOBPH9I1zD9Cjh9hI5QOy/eOjQvw=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/signin v1.0.2 h1:MxMBdKTYBjPQChlJhi4qlEueqB1p1KcbTEa7tD5aqPs=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/signin v1.0.2/go.mod h1:iS6EPmNeqCsGo+xQmXv0jIMjyYtQfnwg36zl2FwEouk=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sso v1.30.5 h1:ksUT5KtgpZd3SAiFJNJ0AFEJVva3gjBmN7eXUZjzUwQ=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sso v1.30.5/go.mod h1:av+ArJpoYf3pgyrj6tcehSFW+y9/QvAY8kMooR9bZCw=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ssooidc v1.35.10 h1:GtsxyiF3Nd3JahRBJbxLCCdYW9ltGQYrFWg8XdkGDd8=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ssooidc v1.35.10/go.mod h1:/j67Z5XBVDx8nZVp9EuFM9/BS5dvBznbqILGuu73hug=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts v1.41.2 h1:a5UTtD4mHBU3t0o6aHQZFJTNKVfxFWfPX7J0Lr7G+uY=
-github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts v1.41.2/go.mod h1:6TxbXoDSgBQ225Qd8Q+MbxUxUh6TtNKwbRt/EPS9xso=
-github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.23.2 h1:Crv0eatJUQhaManss33hS5r40CG3ZFH+21XSkqMrIUM=
-github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.23.2/go.mod h1:LEj2LM3rBRQJxPZTB4KuzZkaZYnZPnvgIhb4pu07mx0=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/v4a v1.4.16 h1:CjMzUs78RDDv4ROu3JnJn/Ig1r6ZD7/T2DXLLRpejic=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/v4a v1.4.16/go.mod h1:uVW4OLBqbJXSHJYA9svT9BluSvvwbzLQ2Crf6UPzR3c=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/accept-encoding v1.13.4 h1:0ryTNEdJbzUCEWkVXEXoqlXV72J5keC1GvILMOuD00E=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/accept-encoding v1.13.4/go.mod h1:HQ4qwNZh32C3CBeO6iJLQlgtMzqeG17ziAA/3KDJFow=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/checksum v1.9.7 h1:DIBqIrJ7hv+e4CmIk2z3pyKT+3B6qVMgRsawHiR3qso=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/checksum v1.9.7/go.mod h1:vLm00xmBke75UmpNvOcZQ/Q30ZFjbczeLFqGx5urmGo=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/presigned-url v1.13.16 h1:oHjJHeUy0ImIV0bsrX0X91GkV5nJAyv1l1CC9lnO0TI=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/presigned-url v1.13.16/go.mod h1:iRSNGgOYmiYwSCXxXaKb9HfOEj40+oTKn8pTxMlYkRM=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/s3shared v1.19.16 h1:NSbvS17MlI2lurYgXnCOLvCFX38sBW4eiVER7+kkgsU=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/s3shared v1.19.16/go.mod h1:SwT8Tmqd4sA6G1qaGdzWCJN99bUmPGHfRwwq3G5Qb+A=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3 v1.93.2 h1:U3ygWUhCpiSPYSHOrRhb3gOl9T5Y3kB8k5Vjs//57bE=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3 v1.93.2/go.mod h1:79S2BdqCJpScXZA2y+cpZuocWsjGjJINyXnOsf5DTz8=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/signin v1.0.4 h1:HpI7aMmJ+mm1wkSHIA2t5EaFFv5EFYXePW30p1EIrbQ=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/signin v1.0.4/go.mod h1:C5RdGMYGlfM0gYq/tifqgn4EbyX99V15P2V3R+VHbQU=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sso v1.30.7 h1:eYnlt6QxnFINKzwxP5/Ucs1vkG7VT3Iezmvfgc2waUw=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sso v1.30.7/go.mod h1:+fWt2UHSb4kS7Pu8y+BMBvJF0EWx+4H0hzNwtDNRTrg=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ssooidc v1.35.12 h1:AHDr0DaHIAo8c9t1emrzAlVDFp+iMMKnPdYy6XO4MCE=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ssooidc v1.35.12/go.mod h1:GQ73XawFFiWxyWXMHWfhiomvP3tXtdNar/fi8z18sx0=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts v1.41.5 h1:SciGFVNZ4mHdm7gpD1dgZYnCuVdX1s+lFTg4+4DOy70=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts v1.41.5/go.mod h1:iW40X4QBmUxdP+fZNOpfmkdMZqsovezbAeO+Ubiv2pk=
+github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.24.0 h1:LpilSUItNPFr1eY85RYgTIg5eIEPtvFbskaFcmmIUnk=
+github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.24.0/go.mod h1:LEj2LM3rBRQJxPZTB4KuzZkaZYnZPnvgIhb4pu07mx0=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 h1:VlbKKnNfV8bJzeqoa4cOKqO6bYr3WgKZxO8Z16+hsOM=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1/go.mod h1:G2ZrVWU2WbWT9wwq4/hrbKbnv/1ERSJQ0ibhJ6rlkpw=
 github.com/bytedance/gopkg v0.1.3 h1:TPBSwH8RsouGCBcMBktLt1AymVo2TVsBVCY4b6TnZ/M=
@@ -66,8 +66,9 @@ github.com/containerd/errdefs/pkg v0.3.0 h1:9IKJ06FvyNlexW690DXuQNx2KA2cUJXx151X
 github.com/containerd/errdefs/pkg v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NJw6s9HwNuRhnjJhM7pylWwMyAkmCQvQ4GpJHEqRLVk=
 github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.6/go.mod h1:oOW0eioCTA6cOiMLiUPZOpcVxMig6NIQQ7OS05n1F4g=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
-github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
+github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc h1:U9qPSI2PIWSS1VwoXQT9A3Wy9MM3WgvqSxFWenqJduM=
+github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4 v4.4.0 h1:NMZiJj8QnKe1LgsbDayM4UoHwbvwDRwnI3hwNaAHRnc=
 github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4 v4.4.0/go.mod h1:ZXNYxsqcloTdSy/rNShjYzMhyjf0LaoftYK0p+A3h40=
 github.com/dhui/dktest v0.4.6 h1:+DPKyScKSEp3VLtbMDHcUq6V5Lm5zfZZVb0Sk7Ahom4=
@@ -111,8 +112,8 @@ github.com/glebarez/sqlite v1.11.0 h1:wSG0irqzP6VurnMEpFGer5Li19RpIRi2qvQz++w0GM
 github.com/glebarez/sqlite v1.11.0/go.mod h1:h8/o8j5wiAsqSPoWELDUdJXhjAhsVliSn7bWZjOhrgQ=
 github.com/go-asn1-ber/asn1-ber v1.5.8-0.20250403174932-29230038a667 h1:BP4M0CvQ4S3TGls2FvczZtj5Re/2ZzkV9VwqPHH/3Bo=
 github.com/go-asn1-ber/asn1-ber v1.5.8-0.20250403174932-29230038a667/go.mod h1:hEBeB/ic+5LoWskz+yKT7vGhhPYkProFKoKdwZRWMe0=
-github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2 v2.18.1 h1:VVxgAghLW1Q6VHi/rc+B0ZSpFoUVlWgkw09Yximvn58=
-github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2 v2.18.1/go.mod h1:Zii6he+Zfgy5W9B+JKk/KwejFOW0kZTFvHtwIpR4aBI=
+github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2 v2.18.2 h1:+5VU41FUXPWSPKLXZQ/77SGzUiPCcakU0v7ENc2H20Q=
+github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2 v2.18.2/go.mod h1:Zii6he+Zfgy5W9B+JKk/KwejFOW0kZTFvHtwIpR4aBI=
 github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3 v3.4.12 h1:1b81mv7MagXZ7+1r7cLTWmyuTqVqdwbtJSjC0DAp9s4=
 github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3 v3.4.12/go.mod h1:+SPAGcTtOfmGsCb3h1RFiq4xpp4N636G75OEace8lNo=
 github.com/go-logr/logr v1.2.2/go.mod h1:jdQByPbusPIv2/zmleS9BjJVeZ6kBagPoEUsqbVz/1A=
@@ -136,14 +137,14 @@ github.com/go-webauthn/x v0.1.26 h1:eNzreFKnwNLDFoywGh9FA8YOMebBWTUNlNSdolQRebs=
 github.com/go-webauthn/x v0.1.26/go.mod h1:jmf/phPV6oIsF6hmdVre+ovHkxjDOmNH0t6fekWUxvg=
 github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.5 h1:Fq85nIqj+gXn/S5ahsiTlK3TmC85qgirsdTP/+DeaC4=
 github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.5/go.mod h1:oq7eo15ShAhp70Anwd5lgX2pLfOS3QCiwU/PULtXL6M=
-github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.18.0 h1:8W7wMFS12Pcas7KU+VVkaiCng+kG8QiFeFwzFb+rwuw=
-github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.18.0/go.mod h1:XBurs7gK8ATbW4ZPGKgcbrY1Br56PdM69F7LkFRi1kA=
+github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.19.0 h1:EmkZ9RIsX+Uq4DYFowegAuJo8+xdX3T/2dwNPXbxEYE=
+github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.19.0/go.mod h1:XBurs7gK8ATbW4ZPGKgcbrY1Br56PdM69F7LkFRi1kA=
 github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 h1:Ov1cvc58UF3b5XjBnZv7+opcTcQFZebYjWzi34vdm4Q=
 github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2/go.mod h1:P1XiOD3dCwIKUDQYPy72D8LYyHL2YPYrpS2s69NZV8Q=
 github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.3.0 h1:pv4AsKCKKZuqlgs5sUmn4x8UlGa0kEVt/puTpKx9vvo=
 github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.3.0/go.mod h1:fxCRLWMO43lRc8nhHWY6LGqRcf+1gQWArsqaEUEa5bE=
-github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4 v4.19.0 h1:RcjOnCGz3Or6HQYEJ/EEVLfWnmw9KnoigPSjzhCuaSE=
-github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4 v4.19.0/go.mod h1:9dyEcu+hO+G9hPSw8AIg50yg622pXJsoHItQnDGZkI0=
+github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4 v4.19.1 h1:OCyb44lFuQfYXYLx1SCxPZQGU7mcaZ7gH9yH4jSFbBA=
+github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4 v4.19.1/go.mod h1:CTcgfjxhaUtsLipnLoQRWCrjYXycRz/g5+RWDuYgPrE=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.3.1/go.mod h1:6lQm79b+lXiMfvg/cZm0SGofjICqVBUtrP5yJMmIC1U=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.3.2/go.mod h1:6lQm79b+lXiMfvg/cZm0SGofjICqVBUtrP5yJMmIC1U=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 h1:i7eJL8qZTpSEXOPTxNKhASYpMn+8e5Q6AdndVa1dWek=
@@ -165,11 +166,6 @@ github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 h1:NIvaJDMOsjHA8n1jAhLSgzrAzy1Hgr+hNrb57e+94F0=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
 github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.27.3 h1:NmZ1PKzSTQbuGHw9DGPFomqkkLWMC+vZCkfs+FHv1Vg=
 github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.27.3/go.mod h1:zQrxl1YP88HQlA6i9c63DSVPFklWpGX4OWAc9bFuaH4=
-github.com/hashicorp/errwrap v1.0.0/go.mod h1:YH+1FKiLXxHSkmPseP+kNlulaMuP3n2brvKWEqk/Jc4=
-github.com/hashicorp/errwrap v1.1.0 h1:OxrOeh75EUXMY8TBjag2fzXGZ40LB6IKw45YeGUDY2I=
-github.com/hashicorp/errwrap v1.1.0/go.mod h1:YH+1FKiLXxHSkmPseP+kNlulaMuP3n2brvKWEqk/Jc4=
-github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror v1.1.1 h1:H5DkEtf6CXdFp0N0Em5UCwQpXMWke8IA0+lD48awMYo=
-github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror v1.1.1/go.mod h1:iw975J/qwKPdAO1clOe2L8331t/9/fmwbPZ6JB6eMoM=
 github.com/hashicorp/go-uuid v1.0.3 h1:2gKiV6YVmrJ1i2CKKa9obLvRieoRGviZFL26PcT/Co8=
 github.com/hashicorp/go-uuid v1.0.3/go.mod h1:6SBZvOh/SIDV7/2o3Jml5SYk/TvGqwFJ/bN7x4byOro=
 github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2 v2.0.7 h1:a+bsQ5rvGLjzHuww6tVxozPZFVghXaHOwFs4luLUK2k=
@@ -228,12 +224,10 @@ github.com/lestrrat-go/dsig-secp256k1 v1.0.0 h1:JpDe4Aybfl0soBvoVwjqDbp+9S1Y2OM7
 github.com/lestrrat-go/dsig-secp256k1 v1.0.0/go.mod h1:CxUgAhssb8FToqbL8NjSPoGQlnO4w3LG1P0qPWQm/NU=
 github.com/lestrrat-go/httpcc v1.0.1 h1:ydWCStUeJLkpYyjLDHihupbn2tYmZ7m22BGkcvZZrIE=
 github.com/lestrrat-go/httpcc v1.0.1/go.mod h1:qiltp3Mt56+55GPVCbTdM9MlqhvzyuL6W/NMDA8vA5E=
-github.com/lestrrat-go/httprc/v3 v3.0.1 h1:3n7Es68YYGZb2Jf+k//llA4FTZMl3yCwIjFIk4ubevI=
-github.com/lestrrat-go/httprc/v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:2uAvmbXE4Xq8kAUjVrZOq1tZVYYYs5iP62Cmtru00xk=
+github.com/lestrrat-go/httprc/v3 v3.0.2 h1:7u4HUaD0NQbf2/n5+fyp+T10hNCsAnwKfqn4A4Baif0=
+github.com/lestrrat-go/httprc/v3 v3.0.2/go.mod h1:mSMtkZW92Z98M5YoNNztbRGxbXHql7tSitCvaxvo9l0=
 github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3 v3.0.12 h1:p25r68Y4KrbBdYjIsQweYxq794CtGCzcrc5dGzJIRjg=
 github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3 v3.0.12/go.mod h1:HiUSaNmMLXgZ08OmGBaPVvoZQgJVOQphSrGr5zMamS8=
-github.com/lestrrat-go/option v1.0.1 h1:oAzP2fvZGQKWkvHa1/SAcFolBEca1oN+mQ7eooNBEYU=
-github.com/lestrrat-go/option v1.0.1/go.mod h1:5ZHFbivi4xwXxhxY9XHDe2FHo6/Z7WWmtT7T5nBBp3I=
 github.com/lestrrat-go/option/v2 v2.0.0 h1:XxrcaJESE1fokHy3FpaQ/cXW8ZsIdWcdFzzLOcID3Ss=
 github.com/lestrrat-go/option/v2 v2.0.0/go.mod h1:oSySsmzMoR0iRzCDCaUfsCzxQHUEuhOViQObyy7S6Vg=
 github.com/lib/pq v1.10.9 h1:YXG7RB+JIjhP29X+OtkiDnYaXQwpS4JEWq7dtCCRUEw=
@@ -267,14 +261,15 @@ github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.0 h1:8SG7/vwALn54lVB/0yZ/MMwhFrPYtpEHQ
 github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.0/go.mod h1:W4s4sFTMaBeK1BQLXbG4AdM2szdn85PY75RI83NrTrM=
 github.com/orandin/slog-gorm v1.4.0 h1:FgA8hJufF9/jeNSYoEXmHPPBwET2gwlF3B85JdpsTUU=
 github.com/orandin/slog-gorm v1.4.0/go.mod h1:MoZ51+b7xE9lwGNPYEhxcUtRNrYzjdcKvA8QXQQGEPA=
-github.com/oschwald/maxminddb-golang/v2 v2.1.0 h1:2Iv7lmG9XtxuZA/jFAsd7LnZaC1E59pFsj5O/nU15pw=
-github.com/oschwald/maxminddb-golang/v2 v2.1.0/go.mod h1:gG4V88LsawPEqtbL1Veh1WRh+nVSYwXzJ1P5Fcn77g0=
+github.com/oschwald/maxminddb-golang/v2 v2.1.1 h1:lA8FH0oOrM4u7mLvowq8IT6a3Q/qEnqRzLQn9eH5ojc=
+github.com/oschwald/maxminddb-golang/v2 v2.1.1/go.mod h1:PLdx6PR+siSIoXqqy7C7r3SB3KZnhxWr1Dp6g0Hacl8=
 github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.4 h1:mye9XuhQ6gvn5h28+VilKrrPoQVanw5PMw/TB0t5Ec4=
 github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.4/go.mod h1:2gIqNv+qfxSVS7cM2xJQKtLSTLUE9V8t9Stt+h56mCY=
 github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 h1:FEBLx1zS214owpjy7qsBeixbURkuhQAwrK5UwLGTwt4=
 github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1/go.mod h1:bwawxfHBFNV+L2hUp1rHADufV3IMtnDRdf1r5NINEl0=
-github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
+github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 h1:Jamvg5psRIccs7FGNTlIRMkT8wgtp5eCXdBlqhYGL6U=
+github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.23.2 h1:Je96obch5RDVy3FDMndoUsjAhG5Edi49h0RJWRi/o0o=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.23.2/go.mod h1:Tb1a6LWHB3/SPIzCoaDXI4I8UHKeFTEQ1YCr+0Gyqmg=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2 h1:oBsgwpGs7iVziMvrGhE53c/GrLUsZdHnqNwqPLxwZyk=
@@ -287,8 +282,8 @@ github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.19.2 h1:zUMhqEW66Ex7OXIiDkll3tl9a1ZdilUOd/F6ZXw4
 github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.19.2/go.mod h1:M0aotyiemPhBCM0z5w87kL22CxfcH05ZpYlu+b4J7mw=
 github.com/quic-go/qpack v0.6.0 h1:g7W+BMYynC1LbYLSqRt8PBg5Tgwxn214ZZR34VIOjz8=
 github.com/quic-go/qpack v0.6.0/go.mod h1:lUpLKChi8njB4ty2bFLX2x4gzDqXwUpaO1DP9qMDZII=
-github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.57.0 h1:AsSSrrMs4qI/hLrKlTH/TGQeTMY0ib1pAOX7vA3AdqE=
-github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.57.0/go.mod h1:ly4QBAjHA2VhdnxhojRsCUOeJwKYg+taDlos92xb1+s=
+github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.57.1 h1:25KAAR9QR8KZrCZRThWMKVAwGoiHIrNbT72ULHTuI10=
+github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.57.1/go.mod h1:ly4QBAjHA2VhdnxhojRsCUOeJwKYg+taDlos92xb1+s=
 github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec h1:W09IVJc94icq4NjY3clb7Lk8O1qJ8BdBEF8z0ibU0rE=
 github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec/go.mod h1:qqbHyh8v60DhA7CoWK5oRCqLrMHRGoxYCSS9EjAz6Eo=
 github.com/robfig/cron/v3 v3.0.1 h1:WdRxkvbJztn8LMz/QEvLN5sBU+xKpSqwwUO1Pjr4qDs=
@@ -298,8 +293,8 @@ github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.14.1/go.mod h1:MaRKkUm5W0goXpeCfT7UZI6fk/L7L7
 github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0/go.mod h1:+Rmxgy9KzJVeS9/2gXHxylqXiyQDYRxCVz55jmeOWTM=
 github.com/segmentio/asm v1.2.1 h1:DTNbBqs57ioxAD4PrArqftgypG4/qNpXoJx8TVXxPR0=
 github.com/segmentio/asm v1.2.1/go.mod h1:BqMnlJP91P8d+4ibuonYZw9mfnzI9HfxselHZr5aAcs=
-github.com/spf13/cobra v1.10.1 h1:lJeBwCfmrnXthfAupyUTzJ/J4Nc1RsHC/mSRU2dll/s=
-github.com/spf13/cobra v1.10.1/go.mod h1:7SmJGaTHFVBY0jW4NXGluQoLvhqFQM+6XSKD+P4XaB0=
+github.com/spf13/cobra v1.10.2 h1:DMTTonx5m65Ic0GOoRY2c16WCbHxOOw6xxezuLaBpcU=
+github.com/spf13/cobra v1.10.2/go.mod h1:7C1pvHqHw5A4vrJfjNwvOdzYu0Gml16OCs2GRiTUUS4=
 github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.9/go.mod h1:McXfInJRrz4CZXVZOBLb0bTZqETkiAhM9Iw0y3An2Bg=
 github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.10 h1:4EBh2KAYBwaONj6b2Ye1GiHfwjqyROoF4RwYO+vPwFk=
 github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.10/go.mod h1:McXfInJRrz4CZXVZOBLb0bTZqETkiAhM9Iw0y3An2Bg=
@@ -308,7 +303,6 @@ github.com/stretchr/objx v0.4.0/go.mod h1:YvHI0jy2hoMjB+UWwv71VJQ9isScKT/TqJzVSS
 github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.0/go.mod h1:Yh+to48EsGEfYuaHDzXPcE3xhTkx73EhmCGUpEOglKo=
 github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.2/go.mod h1:FRsXN1f5AsAjCGJKqEizvkpNtU+EGNCLh3NxZ/8L+MA=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.3.0/go.mod h1:M5WIy9Dh21IEIfnGCwXGc5bZfKNJtfHm1UVUgZn+9EI=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.6.1/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.0/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.1/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.0/go.mod h1:yNjHg4UonilssWZ8iaSj1OCr/vHnekPRkoO+kdMU+MU=
@@ -320,62 +314,62 @@ github.com/twitchyliquid64/golang-asm v0.15.1 h1:SU5vSMR7hnwNxj24w34ZyCi/FmDZTkS
 github.com/twitchyliquid64/golang-asm v0.15.1/go.mod h1:a1lVb/DtPvCB8fslRZhAngC2+aY1QWCk3Cedj/Gdt08=
 github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.3.1 h1:waO7eEiFDwidsBN6agj1vJQ4AG7lh2yqXyOXqhgQuyY=
 github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.3.1/go.mod h1:pRBVtBSKl77K30Bv8R2P+cLSGaTtex6fsA2Wjqmfxj4=
-github.com/valyala/fastjson v1.6.4 h1:uAUNq9Z6ymTgGhcm0UynUAB6tlbakBrz6CQFax3BXVQ=
-github.com/valyala/fastjson v1.6.4/go.mod h1:CLCAqky6SMuOcxStkYQvblddUtoRxhYMGLrsQns1aXY=
+github.com/valyala/fastjson v1.6.5 h1:LLabX0wszE1JDH9+IxLK6b+tb4B7gNdTEFTRasd0Ejw=
+github.com/valyala/fastjson v1.6.5/go.mod h1:CLCAqky6SMuOcxStkYQvblddUtoRxhYMGLrsQns1aXY=
 github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 h1:qLwI1I70+NjRFUR3zs1JPUCgaCXSh3SW62uAKT1mSBM=
 github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4/go.mod h1:14CWIYCyZA/cWjXOioeEpHeN/83MdbZDRQHoFcYsOfg=
 go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.2.1 h1:jXsnJ4Lmnqd11kwkBV2LgLoFMZKizbCi5fNZ/ipaZ64=
 go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.2.1/go.mod h1:KRTj+aOaElaLi+wW1kO/DZRXwkF4C5xPbEe3ZiIhN7Y=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/otelslog v0.13.0 h1:bwnLpizECbPr1RrQ27waeY2SPIPeccCx/xLuoYADZ9s=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/otelslog v0.13.0/go.mod h1:3nWlOiiqA9UtUnrcNk82mYasNxD8ehOspL0gOfEo6Y4=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/prometheus v0.63.0 h1:/Rij/t18Y7rUayNg7Id6rPrEnHgorxYabm2E6wUdPP4=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/prometheus v0.63.0/go.mod h1:AdyDPn6pkbkt2w01n3BubRVk7xAsCRq1Yg1mpfyA/0E=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/exporters/autoexport v0.63.0 h1:NLnZybb9KkfMXPwZhd5diBYJoVxiO9Qa06dacEA7ySY=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/exporters/autoexport v0.63.0/go.mod h1:OvRg7gm5WRSCtxzGSsrFHbDLToYlStHNZQ+iPNIyD6g=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/github.com/gin-gonic/gin/otelgin v0.63.0 h1:5kSIJ0y8ckZZKoDhZHdVtcyjVi6rXyAwyaR8mp4zLbg=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/github.com/gin-gonic/gin/otelgin v0.63.0/go.mod h1:i+fIMHvcSQtsIY82/xgiVWRklrNt/O6QriHLjzGeY+s=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.63.0 h1:RbKq8BG0FI8OiXhBfcRtqqHcZcka+gU3cskNuf05R18=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.63.0/go.mod h1:h06DGIukJOevXaj/xrNjhi/2098RZzcLTbc0jDAUbsg=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/b3 v1.38.0 h1:uHsCCOSKl0kLrV2dLkFK+8Ywk9iKa/fptkytc6aFFEo=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/b3 v1.38.0/go.mod h1:wMRSZJZcY8ya9mApLLhwIMjqmApy2o/Ml+62lhvxyHU=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.38.0 h1:RkfdswUDRimDg0m2Az18RKOsnI8UDzppJAtj01/Ymk8=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.38.0/go.mod h1:zcmtmQ1+YmQM9wrNsTGV/q/uyusom3P8RxwExxkZhjM=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploggrpc v0.14.0 h1:OMqPldHt79PqWKOMYIAQs3CxAi7RLgPxwfFSwr4ZxtM=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploggrpc v0.14.0/go.mod h1:1biG4qiqTxKiUCtoWDPpL3fB3KxVwCiGw81j3nKMuHE=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploghttp v0.14.0 h1:QQqYw3lkrzwVsoEX0w//EhH/TCnpRdEenKBOOEIMjWc=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploghttp v0.14.0/go.mod h1:gSVQcr17jk2ig4jqJ2DX30IdWH251JcNAecvrqTxH1s=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetricgrpc v1.38.0 h1:vl9obrcoWVKp/lwl8tRE33853I8Xru9HFbw/skNeLs8=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetricgrpc v1.38.0/go.mod h1:GAXRxmLJcVM3u22IjTg74zWBrRCKq8BnOqUVLodpcpw=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetrichttp v1.38.0 h1:Oe2z/BCg5q7k4iXC3cqJxKYg0ieRiOqF0cecFYdPTwk=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetrichttp v1.38.0/go.mod h1:ZQM5lAJpOsKnYagGg/zV2krVqTtaVdYdDkhMoX6Oalg=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.38.0 h1:GqRJVj7UmLjCVyVJ3ZFLdPRmhDUp2zFmQe3RHIOsw24=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.38.0/go.mod h1:ri3aaHSmCTVYu2AWv44YMauwAQc0aqI9gHKIcSbI1pU=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.38.0 h1:lwI4Dc5leUqENgGuQImwLo4WnuXFPetmPpkLi2IrX54=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.38.0/go.mod h1:Kz/oCE7z5wuyhPxsXDuaPteSWqjSBD5YaSdbxZYGbGk=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.38.0 h1:aTL7F04bJHUlztTsNGJ2l+6he8c+y/b//eR0jjjemT4=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.38.0/go.mod h1:kldtb7jDTeol0l3ewcmd8SDvx3EmIE7lyvqbasU3QC4=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/prometheus v0.60.0 h1:cGtQxGvZbnrWdC2GyjZi0PDKVSLWP/Jocix3QWfXtbo=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/prometheus v0.60.0/go.mod h1:hkd1EekxNo69PTV4OWFGZcKQiIqg0RfuWExcPKFvepk=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.14.0 h1:B/g+qde6Mkzxbry5ZZag0l7QrQBCtVm7lVjaLgmpje8=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.14.0/go.mod h1:mOJK8eMmgW6ocDJn6Bn11CcZ05gi3P8GylBXEkZtbgA=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.38.0 h1:wm/Q0GAAykXv83wzcKzGGqAnnfLFyFe7RslekZuv+VI=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.38.0/go.mod h1:ra3Pa40+oKjvYh+ZD3EdxFZZB0xdMfuileHAm4nNN7w=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace v1.38.0 h1:kJxSDN4SgWWTjG/hPp3O7LCGLcHXFlvS2/FFOrwL+SE=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace v1.38.0/go.mod h1:mgIOzS7iZeKJdeB8/NYHrJ48fdGc71Llo5bJ1J4DWUE=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.14.0 h1:2rzJ+pOAZ8qmZ3DDHg73NEKzSZkhkGIua9gXtxNGgrM=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.14.0/go.mod h1:5jRG92fEAgx0SU/vFPxmJvhIuDU9E1SUnEQrMlJpOno=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.38.0 h1:Kl6lzIYGAh5M159u9NgiRkmoMKjvbsKtYRwgfrA6WpA=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.38.0/go.mod h1:kB5n/QoRM8YwmUahxvI3bO34eVtQf2i4utNVLr9gEmI=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.38.0 h1:l48sr5YbNf2hpCUj/FoGhW9yDkl+Ma+LrVl8qaM5b+E=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.38.0/go.mod h1:ghmNdGlVemJI3+ZB5iDEuk4bWA3GkTpW+DOoZMYBVVg=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.14.0 h1:JU/U3O7N6fsAXj0+CXz21Czg532dW2V4gG1HE/e8Zrg=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.14.0/go.mod h1:imQvII+0ZylXfKU7/wtOND8Hn4OpT3YUoIgqJVksUkM=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/otelslog v0.14.0 h1:eypSOd+0txRKCXPNyqLPsbSfA0jULgJcGmSAdFAnrCM=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/otelslog v0.14.0/go.mod h1:CRGvIBL/aAxpQU34ZxyQVFlovVcp67s4cAmQu8Jh9mc=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/prometheus v0.64.0 h1:7TYhBCu6Xz6vDJGNtEslWZLuuX2IJ/aH50hBY4MVeUg=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/prometheus v0.64.0/go.mod h1:tHQctZfAe7e4PBPGyt3kae6mQFXNpj+iiDJa3ithM50=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/exporters/autoexport v0.64.0 h1:9pzPj3RFyKOxBAMkM2w84LpT+rdHam1XoFA+QhARiRw=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/exporters/autoexport v0.64.0/go.mod h1:hlVZx1btWH0XTfXpuGX9dsquB50s+tc3fYFOO5elo2M=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/github.com/gin-gonic/gin/otelgin v0.64.0 h1:7IKZbAYwlwLXAdu7SVPhzTjDjogWZxP4MIa7rovY+PU=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/github.com/gin-gonic/gin/otelgin v0.64.0/go.mod h1:+TF5nf3NIv2X8PGxqfYOaRnAoMM43rUA2C3XsN2DoWA=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.64.0 h1:ssfIgGNANqpVFCndZvcuyKbl0g+UAVcbBcqGkG28H0Y=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.64.0/go.mod h1:GQ/474YrbE4Jx8gZ4q5I4hrhUzM6UPzyrqJYV2AqPoQ=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/b3 v1.39.0 h1:PI7pt9pkSnimWcp5sQhUA9OzLbc3Ba4sL+VEUTNsxrk=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/propagators/b3 v1.39.0/go.mod h1:5gV/EzPnfYIwjzj+6y8tbGW2PKWhcsz5e/7twptRVQY=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.39.0 h1:8yPrr/S0ND9QEfTfdP9V+SiwT4E0G7Y5MO7p85nis48=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.39.0/go.mod h1:kLlFTywNWrFyEdH0oj2xK0bFYZtHRYUdv1NklR/tgc8=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploggrpc v0.15.0 h1:W+m0g+/6v3pa5PgVf2xoFMi5YtNR06WtS7ve5pcvLtM=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploggrpc v0.15.0/go.mod h1:JM31r0GGZ/GU94mX8hN4D8v6e40aFlUECSQ48HaLgHM=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploghttp v0.15.0 h1:EKpiGphOYq3CYnIe2eX9ftUkyU+Y8Dtte8OaWyHJ4+I=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploghttp v0.15.0/go.mod h1:nWFP7C+T8TygkTjJ7mAyEaFaE7wNfms3nV/vexZ6qt0=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetricgrpc v1.39.0 h1:cEf8jF6WbuGQWUVcqgyWtTR0kOOAWY1DYZ+UhvdmQPw=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetricgrpc v1.39.0/go.mod h1:k1lzV5n5U3HkGvTCJHraTAGJ7MqsgL1wrGwTj1Isfiw=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetrichttp v1.39.0 h1:nKP4Z2ejtHn3yShBb+2KawiXgpn8In5cT7aO2wXuOTE=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetrichttp v1.39.0/go.mod h1:NwjeBbNigsO4Aj9WgM0C+cKIrxsZUaRmZUO7A8I7u8o=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.39.0 h1:f0cb2XPmrqn4XMy9PNliTgRKJgS5WcL/u0/WRYGz4t0=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.39.0/go.mod h1:vnakAaFckOMiMtOIhFI2MNH4FYrZzXCYxmb1LlhoGz8=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.39.0 h1:in9O8ESIOlwJAEGTkkf34DesGRAc/Pn8qJ7k3r/42LM=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.39.0/go.mod h1:Rp0EXBm5tfnv0WL+ARyO/PHBEaEAT8UUHQ6AGJcSq6c=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.39.0 h1:Ckwye2FpXkYgiHX7fyVrN1uA/UYd9ounqqTuSNAv0k4=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.39.0/go.mod h1:teIFJh5pW2y+AN7riv6IBPX2DuesS3HgP39mwOspKwU=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/prometheus v0.61.0 h1:cCyZS4dr67d30uDyh8etKM2QyDsQ4zC9ds3bdbrVoD0=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/prometheus v0.61.0/go.mod h1:iivMuj3xpR2DkUrUya3TPS/Z9h3dz7h01GxU+fQBRNg=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.15.0 h1:0BSddrtQqLEylcErkeFrJBmwFzcqfQq9+/uxfTZq+HE=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.15.0/go.mod h1:87sjYuAPzaRCtdd09GU5gM1U9wQLrrcYrm77mh5EBoc=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.39.0 h1:5gn2urDL/FBnK8OkCfD1j3/ER79rUuTYmCvlXBKeYL8=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.39.0/go.mod h1:0fBG6ZJxhqByfFZDwSwpZGzJU671HkwpWaNe2t4VUPI=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace v1.39.0 h1:8UPA4IbVZxpsD76ihGOQiFml99GPAEZLohDXvqHdi6U=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace v1.39.0/go.mod h1:MZ1T/+51uIVKlRzGw1Fo46KEWThjlCBZKl2LzY5nv4g=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.15.0 h1:0VqVnc3MgyYd7QqNVIldC3dsLFKgazR6P3P3+ypkyDY=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.15.0/go.mod h1:9c/G1zbyZfgu1HmQD7Qj84QMmwTp2QCQsZH1aeoWDE4=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.39.0 h1:d1UzonvEZriVfpNKEVmHXbdf909uGTOQjA0HF0Ls5Q0=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.39.0/go.mod h1:jrZSWL33sD7bBxg1xjrqyDjnuzTUB0x1nBERXd7Ftcs=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.39.0 h1:nMLYcjVsvdui1B/4FRkwjzoRVsMK8uL/cj0OyhKzt18=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.39.0/go.mod h1:vDojkC4/jsTJsE+kh+LXYQlbL8CgrEcwmt1ENZszdJE=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.15.0 h1:WgMEHOUt5gjJE93yqfqJOkRflApNif84kxoHWS9VVHE=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.15.0/go.mod h1:qDC/FlKQCXfH5hokGsNg9aUBGMJQsrUyeOiW5u+dKBQ=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log/logtest v0.14.0 h1:Ijbtz+JKXl8T2MngiwqBlPaHqc4YCaP/i13Qrow6gAM=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log/logtest v0.14.0/go.mod h1:dCU8aEL6q+L9cYTqcVOk8rM9Tp8WdnHOPLiBgp0SGOA=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.38.0 h1:aSH66iL0aZqo//xXzQLYozmWrXxyFkBJ6qT5wthqPoM=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.38.0/go.mod h1:dg9PBnW9XdQ1Hd6ZnRz689CbtrUp0wMMs9iPcgT9EZA=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.38.0 h1:Fxk5bKrDZJUH+AMyyIXGcFAPah0oRcT+LuNtJrmcNLE=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.38.0/go.mod h1:j1P9ivuFsTceSWe1oY+EeW3sc+Pp42sO++GHkg4wwhs=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.39.0 h1:cXMVVFVgsIf2YL6QkRF4Urbr/aMInf+2WKg+sEJTtB8=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.39.0/go.mod h1:xq9HEVH7qeX69/JnwEfp6fVq5wosJsY1mt4lLfYdVew=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.39.0 h1:2d2vfpEDmCJ5zVYz7ijaJdOF59xLomrvj7bjt6/qCJI=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.39.0/go.mod h1:88w4/PnZSazkGzz/w84VHpQafiU4EtqqlVdxWy+rNOA=
 go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.9.0 h1:l706jCMITVouPOqEnii2fIAuO3IVGBRPV5ICjceRb/A=
 go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.9.0/go.mod h1:xE+Cx5E/eEHw+ISFkwPLwCZefwVjY+pqKg1qcK03+/4=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0 h1:2K3zAYmnTNqV73imy9J1T3WC+gmCePx2hEGkimedGto=
@@ -384,53 +378,54 @@ go.uber.org/mock v0.6.0 h1:hyF9dfmbgIX5EfOdasqLsWD6xqpNZlXblLB/Dbnwv3Y=
 go.uber.org/mock v0.6.0/go.mod h1:KiVJ4BqZJaMj4svdfmHM0AUx4NJYO8ZNpPnZn1Z+BBU=
 go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.3 h1:6gvOSjQoTB3vt1l+CU+tSyi/HOjfOjRLJ4YwYZGwRO0=
 go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.3/go.mod h1:zSxWcmIDjOzPXpjlTTbAsKokqkDNAVtZO0WOMiT90s8=
+go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.4/go.mod h1:DhzuOOF2ATzADvBadXxruRBLzYTpT36CKvDb3+aBEFg=
 golang.org/x/arch v0.23.0 h1:lKF64A2jF6Zd8L0knGltUnegD62JMFBiCPBmQpToHhg=
 golang.org/x/arch v0.23.0/go.mod h1:dNHoOeKiyja7GTvF9NJS1l3Z2yntpQNzgrjh1cU103A=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210817164053-32db794688a5/go.mod h1:GvvjBRRGRdwPK5ydBHafDWAxML/pGHZbMvKqRZ5+Abc=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.45.0 h1:jMBrvKuj23MTlT0bQEOBcAE0mjg8mK9RXFhRH6nyF3Q=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.45.0/go.mod h1:XTGrrkGJve7CYK7J8PEww4aY7gM3qMCElcJQ8n8JdX4=
-golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20251125195548-87e1e737ad39 h1:DHNhtq3sNNzrvduZZIiFyXWOL9IWaDPHqTnLJp+rCBY=
-golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20251125195548-87e1e737ad39/go.mod h1:46edojNIoXTNOhySWIWdix628clX9ODXwPsQuG6hsK0=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.46.0 h1:cKRW/pmt1pKAfetfu+RCEvjvZkA9RimPbh7bhFjGVBU=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.46.0/go.mod h1:Evb/oLKmMraqjZ2iQTwDwvCtJkczlDuTmdJXoZVzqU0=
+golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20251209150349-8475f28825e9 h1:MDfG8Cvcqlt9XXrmEiD4epKn7VJHZO84hejP9Jmp0MM=
+golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20251209150349-8475f28825e9/go.mod h1:EPRbTFwzwjXj9NpYyyrvenVh9Y+GFeEvMNh7Xuz7xgU=
 golang.org/x/image v0.0.0-20191009234506-e7c1f5e7dbb8/go.mod h1:FeLwcggjj3mMvU+oOTbSwawSJRM1uh48EjtB4UJZlP0=
-golang.org/x/image v0.33.0 h1:LXRZRnv1+zGd5XBUVRFmYEphyyKJjQjCRiOuAP3sZfQ=
-golang.org/x/image v0.33.0/go.mod h1:DD3OsTYT9chzuzTQt+zMcOlBHgfoKQb1gry8p76Y1sc=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.30.0 h1:fDEXFVZ/fmCKProc/yAXXUijritrDzahmwwefnjoPFk=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.30.0/go.mod h1:lAsf5O2EvJeSFMiBxXDki7sCgAxEUcZHXoXMKT4GJKc=
+golang.org/x/image v0.34.0 h1:33gCkyw9hmwbZJeZkct8XyR11yH889EQt/QH4VmXMn8=
+golang.org/x/image v0.34.0/go.mod h1:2RNFBZRB+vnwwFil8GkMdRvrJOFd1AzdZI6vOY+eJVU=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.31.0 h1:HaW9xtz0+kOcWKwli0ZXy79Ix+UW/vOfmWI5QVd2tgI=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.31.0/go.mod h1:43JraMp9cGx1Rx3AqioxrbrhNsLl2l/iNAvuBkrezpg=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190603091049-60506f45cf65/go.mod h1:HSz+uSET+XFnRR8LxR5pz3Of3rY3CfYBVs4xY44aLks=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210226172049-e18ecbb05110/go.mod h1:m0MpNAwzfU5UDzcl9v0D8zg8gWTRqZa9RBIspLL5mdg=
-golang.org/x/net v0.47.0 h1:Mx+4dIFzqraBXUugkia1OOvlD6LemFo1ALMHjrXDOhY=
-golang.org/x/net v0.47.0/go.mod h1:/jNxtkgq5yWUGYkaZGqo27cfGZ1c5Nen03aYrrKpVRU=
+golang.org/x/net v0.48.0 h1:zyQRTTrjc33Lhh0fBgT/H3oZq9WuvRR5gPC70xpDiQU=
+golang.org/x/net v0.48.0/go.mod h1:+ndRgGjkh8FGtu1w1FGbEC31if4VrNVMuKTgcAAnQRY=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20180821212333-d2e6202438be/go.mod h1:N/0e6XlmueqKjAGxoOufVs8QHGRruUQn6yWY3a++T0U=
-golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.33.0 h1:4Q+qn+E5z8gPRJfmRy7C2gGG3T4jIprK6aSYgTXGRpo=
-golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.33.0/go.mod h1:lzm5WQJQwKZ3nwavOZ3IS5Aulzxi68dUSgRHujetwEA=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.18.0 h1:kr88TuHDroi+UVf+0hZnirlk8o8T+4MrK6mr60WkH/I=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.18.0/go.mod h1:9KTHXmSnoGruLpwFjVSX0lNNA75CykiMECbovNTZqGI=
+golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.34.0 h1:hqK/t4AKgbqWkdkcAeI8XLmbK+4m4G5YeQRrmiotGlw=
+golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.34.0/go.mod h1:lzm5WQJQwKZ3nwavOZ3IS5Aulzxi68dUSgRHujetwEA=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.19.0 h1:vV+1eWNmZ5geRlYjzm2adRgW2/mcpevXNg50YZtPCE4=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.19.0/go.mod h1:9KTHXmSnoGruLpwFjVSX0lNNA75CykiMECbovNTZqGI=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201119102817-f84b799fce68/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210615035016-665e8c7367d1/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0 h1:3yZWxaJjBmCWXqhN1qh02AkOnCQ1poK6oF+a7xWL6Gc=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.39.0 h1:CvCKL8MeisomCi6qNZ+wbb0DN9E5AATixKsvNtMoMFk=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.39.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.2/go.mod h1:bEr9sfX3Q8Zfm5fL9x+3itogRgK3+ptLWKqgva+5dAk=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.31.0 h1:aC8ghyu4JhP8VojJ2lEHBnochRno1sgL6nEi9WGFGMM=
-golang.org/x/text v0.31.0/go.mod h1:tKRAlv61yKIjGGHX/4tP1LTbc13YSec1pxVEWXzfoeM=
+golang.org/x/text v0.32.0 h1:ZD01bjUt1FQ9WJ0ClOL5vxgxOI/sVCNgX1YtKwcY0mU=
+golang.org/x/text v0.32.0/go.mod h1:o/rUWzghvpD5TXrTIBuJU77MTaN0ljMWE47kxGJQ7jY=
 golang.org/x/time v0.14.0 h1:MRx4UaLrDotUKUdCIqzPC48t1Y9hANFKIRpNx+Te8PI=
 golang.org/x/time v0.14.0/go.mod h1:eL/Oa2bBBK0TkX57Fyni+NgnyQQN4LitPmob2Hjnqw4=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.39.0 h1:ik4ho21kwuQln40uelmciQPp9SipgNDdrafrYA4TmQQ=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.39.0/go.mod h1:JnefbkDPyD8UU2kI5fuf8ZX4/yUeh9W877ZeBONxUqQ=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.40.0 h1:yLkxfA+Qnul4cs9QA3KnlFu0lVmd8JJfoq+E41uSutA=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.40.0/go.mod h1:Ik/tzLRlbscWpqqMRjyWYDisX8bG13FrdXp3o4Sr9lc=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.16.0 h1:5+ul4Swaf3ESvrOnidPp4GZbzf0mxVQpDCYUQE7OJfk=
 gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.16.0/go.mod h1:fef3am4MQ93R2HHpKnLk4/Tbh/s0+wqD5nfa6Pnwy4E=
 google.golang.org/appengine v1.6.7/go.mod h1:8WjMMxjGQR8xUklV/ARdw2HLXBOI7O7uCIDZVag1xfc=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20251124214823-79d6a2a48846 h1:ZdyUkS9po3H7G0tuh955QVyyotWvOD4W0aEapeGeUYk=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20251124214823-79d6a2a48846/go.mod h1:Fk4kyraUvqD7i5H6S43sj2W98fbZa75lpZz/eUyhfO0=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20251124214823-79d6a2a48846 h1:Wgl1rcDNThT+Zn47YyCXOXyX/COgMTIdhJ717F0l4xk=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20251124214823-79d6a2a48846/go.mod h1:7i2o+ce6H/6BluujYR+kqX3GKH+dChPTQU19wjRPiGk=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20251202230838-ff82c1b0f217 h1:fCvbg86sFXwdrl5LgVcTEvNC+2txB5mgROGmRL5mrls=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20251202230838-ff82c1b0f217/go.mod h1:+rXWjjaukWZun3mLfjmVnQi18E1AsFbDN9QdJ5YXLto=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20251202230838-ff82c1b0f217 h1:gRkg/vSppuSQoDjxyiGfN4Upv/h/DQmIR10ZU8dh4Ww=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20251202230838-ff82c1b0f217/go.mod h1:7i2o+ce6H/6BluujYR+kqX3GKH+dChPTQU19wjRPiGk=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.77.0 h1:wVVY6/8cGA6vvffn+wWK5ToddbgdU3d8MNENr4evgXM=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.77.0/go.mod h1:z0BY1iVj0q8E1uSQCjL9cppRj+gnZjzDnzV0dHhrNig=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.10 h1:AYd7cD/uASjIL6Q9LiTjz8JLcrh/88q5UObnmY3aOOE=
--- a/backend/internal/bootstrap/app_images_bootstrap.go
+++ b/backend/internal/bootstrap/app_images_bootstrap.go
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ func initApplicationImages(ctx context.Context, fileStorage storage.FileStorage)
 	// Previous versions of images
 	// If these are found, they are deleted
 	legacyImageHashes := imageHashMap{
-		"background.jpg": mustDecodeHex("138d510030ed845d1d74de34658acabff562d306476454369a60ab8ade31933f"),
+		"background.jpg":  mustDecodeHex("138d510030ed845d1d74de34658acabff562d306476454369a60ab8ade31933f"),
+		"background.webp": mustDecodeHex("3fc436a66d6b872b01d96a4e75046c46b5c3e2daccd51e98ecdf98fd445599ab"),
 	}

 	sourceFiles, err := resources.FS.ReadDir("images")
--- a/backend/internal/bootstrap/bootstrap.go
+++ b/backend/internal/bootstrap/bootstrap.go
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	_ "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/source/file"
-	"gorm.io/gorm"

 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/job"
@@ -16,16 +15,6 @@ import (
 )

 func Bootstrap(ctx context.Context) error {
-	var shutdownFns []utils.Service
-	defer func() { //nolint:contextcheck
-		// Invoke all shutdown functions on exit
-		shutdownCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
-		defer cancel()
-		if err := utils.NewServiceRunner(shutdownFns...).Run(shutdownCtx); err != nil {
-			slog.Error("Error during graceful shutdown", "error", err)
-		}
-	}()
-
 	// Initialize the observability stack, including the logger, distributed tracing, and metrics
 	shutdownFns, httpClient, err := initObservability(ctx, common.EnvConfig.MetricsEnabled, common.EnvConfig.TracingEnabled)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -33,80 +22,15 @@ func Bootstrap(ctx context.Context) error {
 	}
 	slog.InfoContext(ctx, "Pocket ID is starting")

+	// Connect to the database
 	db, err := NewDatabase()
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize database: %w", err)
 	}

-	fileStorage, err := InitStorage(ctx, db)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize file storage (backend: %s): %w", common.EnvConfig.FileBackend, err)
-	}
+	// Initialize the file storage backend
+	var fileStorage storage.FileStorage

-	imageExtensions, err := initApplicationImages(ctx, fileStorage)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize application images: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Create all services
-	svc, err := initServices(ctx, db, httpClient, imageExtensions, fileStorage)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize services: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	waitUntil, err := svc.appLockService.Acquire(ctx, false)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to acquire application lock: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	select {
-	case <-ctx.Done():
-		return ctx.Err()
-	case <-time.After(time.Until(waitUntil)):
-	}
-
-	shutdownFn := func(shutdownCtx context.Context) error {
-		sErr := svc.appLockService.Release(shutdownCtx)
-		if sErr != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to release application lock: %w", sErr)
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
-	shutdownFns = append(shutdownFns, shutdownFn)
-
-	// Init the job scheduler
-	scheduler, err := job.NewScheduler()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create job scheduler: %w", err)
-	}
-	err = registerScheduledJobs(ctx, db, svc, httpClient, scheduler)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register scheduled jobs: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Init the router
-	router, err := initRouter(db, svc)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize router: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Run all background services
-	// This call blocks until the context is canceled
-	services := []utils.Service{svc.appLockService.RunRenewal, router}
-
-	if common.EnvConfig.AppEnv != "test" {
-		services = append(services, scheduler.Run)
-	}
-
-	err = utils.NewServiceRunner(services...).Run(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to run services: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func InitStorage(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB) (fileStorage storage.FileStorage, err error) {
 	switch common.EnvConfig.FileBackend {
 	case storage.TypeFileSystem:
 		fileStorage, err = storage.NewFilesystemStorage(common.EnvConfig.UploadPath)
@@ -128,8 +52,53 @@ func InitStorage(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB) (fileStorage storage.FileStor
 		err = fmt.Errorf("unknown file storage backend: %s", common.EnvConfig.FileBackend)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
-		return fileStorage, err
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize file storage (backend: %s): %w", common.EnvConfig.FileBackend, err)
 	}

-	return fileStorage, nil
+	imageExtensions, err := initApplicationImages(ctx, fileStorage)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize application images: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Create all services
+	svc, err := initServices(ctx, db, httpClient, imageExtensions, fileStorage)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize services: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Init the job scheduler
+	scheduler, err := job.NewScheduler()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create job scheduler: %w", err)
+	}
+	err = registerScheduledJobs(ctx, db, svc, httpClient, scheduler)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to register scheduled jobs: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Init the router
+	router := initRouter(db, svc)
+
+	// Run all background services
+	// This call blocks until the context is canceled
+	err = utils.
+		NewServiceRunner(router, scheduler.Run).
+		Run(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to run services: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Invoke all shutdown functions
+	// We give these a timeout of 5s
+	// Note: we use a background context because the run context has been canceled already
+	shutdownCtx, shutdownCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer shutdownCancel()
+	err = utils.
+		NewServiceRunner(shutdownFns...).
+		Run(shutdownCtx) //nolint:contextcheck
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Error("Error shutting down services", slog.Any("error", err))
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }
--- a/backend/internal/bootstrap/db_bootstrap.go
+++ b/backend/internal/bootstrap/db_bootstrap.go
@@ -12,7 +12,12 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/glebarez/sqlite"
+	"github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4"
+	"github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/database"
+	postgresMigrate "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/database/postgres"
+	sqliteMigrate "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/database/sqlite3"
 	_ "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/source/github"
+	"github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/source/iofs"
 	slogGorm "github.com/orandin/slog-gorm"
 	"gorm.io/driver/postgres"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
@@ -21,10 +26,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
 	sqliteutil "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/sqlite"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/resources"
 )

 func NewDatabase() (db *gorm.DB, err error) {
-	db, err = ConnectDatabase()
+	db, err = connectDatabase()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to database: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -33,15 +39,105 @@ func NewDatabase() (db *gorm.DB, err error) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get sql.DB: %w", err)
 	}

+	// Choose the correct driver for the database provider
+	var driver database.Driver
+	switch common.EnvConfig.DbProvider {
+	case common.DbProviderSqlite:
+		driver, err = sqliteMigrate.WithInstance(sqlDb, &sqliteMigrate.Config{
+			NoTxWrap: true,
+		})
+	case common.DbProviderPostgres:
+		driver, err = postgresMigrate.WithInstance(sqlDb, &postgresMigrate.Config{})
+	default:
+		// Should never happen at this point
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported database provider: %s", common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create migration driver: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	// Run migrations
-	if err := utils.MigrateDatabase(sqlDb); err != nil {
+	if err := migrateDatabase(driver); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to run migrations: %w", err)
 	}

 	return db, nil
 }

-func ConnectDatabase() (db *gorm.DB, err error) {
+func migrateDatabase(driver database.Driver) error {
+	// Embedded migrations via iofs
+	path := "migrations/" + string(common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)
+	source, err := iofs.New(resources.FS, path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create embedded migration source: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	m, err := migrate.NewWithInstance("iofs", source, "pocket-id", driver)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create migration instance: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	requiredVersion, err := getRequiredMigrationVersion(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get last migration version: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	currentVersion, _, _ := m.Version()
+	if currentVersion > requiredVersion {
+		slog.Warn("Database version is newer than the application supports, possible downgrade detected", slog.Uint64("db_version", uint64(currentVersion)), slog.Uint64("app_version", uint64(requiredVersion)))
+		if !common.EnvConfig.AllowDowngrade {
+			return fmt.Errorf("database version (%d) is newer than application version (%d), downgrades are not allowed (set ALLOW_DOWNGRADE=true to enable)", currentVersion, requiredVersion)
+		}
+		slog.Info("Fetching migrations from GitHub to handle possible downgrades")
+		return migrateDatabaseFromGitHub(driver, requiredVersion)
+	}
+
+	if err := m.Migrate(requiredVersion); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, migrate.ErrNoChange) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to apply embedded migrations: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func migrateDatabaseFromGitHub(driver database.Driver, version uint) error {
+	srcURL := "github://pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/resources/migrations/" + string(common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)
+
+	m, err := migrate.NewWithDatabaseInstance(srcURL, "pocket-id", driver)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create GitHub migration instance: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := m.Migrate(version); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, migrate.ErrNoChange) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to apply GitHub migrations: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// getRequiredMigrationVersion reads the embedded migration files and returns the highest version number found.
+func getRequiredMigrationVersion(path string) (uint, error) {
+	entries, err := resources.FS.ReadDir(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to read migration directory: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var maxVersion uint
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		if entry.IsDir() {
+			continue
+		}
+		name := entry.Name()
+		var version uint
+		n, err := fmt.Sscanf(name, "%d_", &version)
+		if err == nil && n == 1 {
+			if version > maxVersion {
+				maxVersion = version
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return maxVersion, nil
+}
+
+func connectDatabase() (db *gorm.DB, err error) {
 	var dialector gorm.Dialector

 	// Choose the correct database provider
--- a/backend/internal/bootstrap/e2etest_router_bootstrap.go
+++ b/backend/internal/bootstrap/e2etest_router_bootstrap.go
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import (
 func init() {
 	registerTestControllers = []func(apiGroup *gin.RouterGroup, db *gorm.DB, svc *services){
 		func(apiGroup *gin.RouterGroup, db *gorm.DB, svc *services) {
-			testService, err := service.NewTestService(db, svc.appConfigService, svc.jwtService, svc.ldapService, svc.appLockService, svc.fileStorage)
+			testService, err := service.NewTestService(db, svc.appConfigService, svc.jwtService, svc.ldapService, svc.fileStorage)
 			if err != nil {
 				slog.Error("Failed to initialize test service", slog.Any("error", err))
 				os.Exit(1)
--- a/backend/internal/bootstrap/router_bootstrap.go
+++ b/backend/internal/bootstrap/router_bootstrap.go
@@ -29,7 +29,16 @@ import (
 // This is used to register additional controllers for tests
 var registerTestControllers []func(apiGroup *gin.RouterGroup, db *gorm.DB, svc *services)

-func initRouter(db *gorm.DB, svc *services) (utils.Service, error) {
+func initRouter(db *gorm.DB, svc *services) utils.Service {
+	runner, err := initRouterInternal(db, svc)
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Error("Failed to init router", "error", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+	return runner
+}
+
+func initRouterInternal(db *gorm.DB, svc *services) (utils.Service, error) {
 	// Set the appropriate Gin mode based on the environment
 	switch common.EnvConfig.AppEnv {
 	case common.AppEnvProduction:
@@ -189,6 +198,7 @@ func initLogger(r *gin.Engine) {
 		"GET /api/application-images/logo",
 		"GET /api/application-images/background",
 		"GET /api/application-images/favicon",
+		"GET /api/application-images/email",
 		"GET /_app",
 		"GET /fonts",
 		"GET /healthz",
--- a/backend/internal/bootstrap/services_bootstrap.go
+++ b/backend/internal/bootstrap/services_bootstrap.go
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ type services struct {
 	apiKeyService      *service.ApiKeyService
 	versionService     *service.VersionService
 	fileStorage        storage.FileStorage
-	appLockService     *service.AppLockService
 }

 // Initializes all services
@@ -41,7 +40,6 @@ func initServices(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, httpClient *http.Client, ima

 	svc.fileStorage = fileStorage
 	svc.appImagesService = service.NewAppImagesService(imageExtensions, fileStorage)
-	svc.appLockService = service.NewAppLockService(db)

 	svc.emailService, err = service.NewEmailService(db, svc.appConfigService)
 	if err != nil {
--- a/backend/internal/cmds/export.go
+++ b/backend/internal/cmds/export.go
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-package cmds
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"os"
-
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/bootstrap"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-)
-
-type exportFlags struct {
-	Path string
-}
-
-func init() {
-	var flags exportFlags
-
-	exportCmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:   "export",
-		Short: "Exports all data of Pocket ID into a ZIP file",
-		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			return runExport(cmd.Context(), flags)
-		},
-	}
-
-	exportCmd.Flags().StringVarP(&flags.Path, "path", "p", "pocket-id-export.zip", "Path to the ZIP file to export the data to, or '-' to write to stdout")
-
-	rootCmd.AddCommand(exportCmd)
-}
-
-// runExport orchestrates the export flow
-func runExport(ctx context.Context, flags exportFlags) error {
-	db, err := bootstrap.NewDatabase()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to database: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	storage, err := bootstrap.InitStorage(ctx, db)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize storage: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	exportService := service.NewExportService(db, storage)
-
-	var w io.Writer
-	if flags.Path == "-" {
-		w = os.Stdout
-	} else {
-		file, err := os.Create(flags.Path)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create export file: %w", err)
-		}
-		defer file.Close()
-
-		w = file
-	}
-
-	if err := exportService.ExportToZip(ctx, w); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to export data: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if flags.Path != "-" {
-		fmt.Printf("Exported data to %s\n", flags.Path)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
--- a/backend/internal/cmds/import.go
+++ b/backend/internal/cmds/import.go
@@ -1,191 +0,0 @@
-package cmds
-
-import (
-	"archive/zip"
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-	"gorm.io/gorm"
-
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/bootstrap"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
-)
-
-type importFlags struct {
-	Path                  string
-	Yes                   bool
-	ForcefullyAcquireLock bool
-}
-
-func init() {
-	var flags importFlags
-
-	importCmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:   "import",
-		Short: "Imports all data of Pocket ID from a ZIP file",
-		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			return runImport(cmd.Context(), flags)
-		},
-	}
-
-	importCmd.Flags().StringVarP(&flags.Path, "path", "p", "pocket-id-export.zip", "Path to the ZIP file to import the data from, or '-' to read from stdin")
-	importCmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&flags.Yes, "yes", "y", false, "Skip confirmation prompts")
-	importCmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&flags.ForcefullyAcquireLock, "forcefully-acquire-lock", "", false, "Forcefully acquire the application lock by terminating the Pocket ID instance")
-
-	rootCmd.AddCommand(importCmd)
-}
-
-// runImport handles the high-level orchestration of the import process
-func runImport(ctx context.Context, flags importFlags) error {
-	if !flags.Yes {
-		ok, err := askForConfirmation()
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get confirmation: %w", err)
-		}
-		if !ok {
-			fmt.Println("Aborted")
-			os.Exit(1)
-		}
-	}
-
-	var (
-		zipReader *zip.ReadCloser
-		cleanup   func()
-		err       error
-	)
-
-	if flags.Path == "-" {
-		zipReader, cleanup, err = readZipFromStdin()
-		defer cleanup()
-	} else {
-		zipReader, err = zip.OpenReader(flags.Path)
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to open zip: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer zipReader.Close()
-
-	db, err := bootstrap.ConnectDatabase()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	err = acquireImportLock(ctx, db, flags.ForcefullyAcquireLock)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	storage, err := bootstrap.InitStorage(ctx, db)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize storage: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	importService := service.NewImportService(db, storage)
-	err = importService.ImportFromZip(ctx, &zipReader.Reader)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to import data from zip: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	fmt.Println("Import completed successfully.")
-	return nil
-}
-
-func acquireImportLock(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, force bool) error {
-	// Check if the kv table exists, in case we are starting from an empty database
-	exists, err := utils.DBTableExists(db, "kv")
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to check if kv table exists: %w", err)
-	}
-	if !exists {
-		// This either means the database is empty, or the import is into an old version of PocketID that doesn't support locks
-		// In either case, there's no lock to acquire
-		fmt.Println("Could not acquire a lock because the 'kv' table does not exist. This is fine if you're importing into a new database, but make sure that there isn't an instance of Pocket ID currently running and using the same database.")
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// Note that we do not call a deferred Release if the data was imported
-	// This is because we are overriding the contents of the database, so the lock is automatically lost
-	appLockService := service.NewAppLockService(db)
-
-	opCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 30*time.Second)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	waitUntil, err := appLockService.Acquire(opCtx, force)
-	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, service.ErrLockUnavailable) {
-			//nolint:staticcheck
-			return errors.New("Pocket ID must be stopped before importing data; please stop the running instance or run with --forcefully-acquire-lock to terminate the other instance")
-		}
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to acquire application lock: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	select {
-	case <-ctx.Done():
-		return ctx.Err()
-	case <-time.After(time.Until(waitUntil)):
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func askForConfirmation() (bool, error) {
-	fmt.Println("WARNING: This feature is experimental and may not work correctly. Please create a backup before proceeding and report any issues you encounter.")
-	fmt.Println()
-	fmt.Println("WARNING: Import will erase all existing data at the following locations:")
-	fmt.Printf("Database:      %s\n", absolutePathOrOriginal(common.EnvConfig.DbConnectionString))
-	fmt.Printf("Uploads Path:  %s\n", absolutePathOrOriginal(common.EnvConfig.UploadPath))
-
-	ok, err := utils.PromptForConfirmation("Do you want to continue?")
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	return ok, nil
-}
-
-// absolutePathOrOriginal returns the absolute path of the given path, or the original if it fails
-func absolutePathOrOriginal(path string) string {
-	abs, err := filepath.Abs(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		return path
-	}
-	return abs
-}
-
-func readZipFromStdin() (*zip.ReadCloser, func(), error) {
-	tmpFile, err := os.CreateTemp("", "pocket-id-import-*.zip")
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create temporary file: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	cleanup := func() {
-		_ = os.Remove(tmpFile.Name())
-	}
-
-	if _, err := io.Copy(tmpFile, os.Stdin); err != nil {
-		tmpFile.Close()
-		cleanup()
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read data from stdin: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := tmpFile.Close(); err != nil {
-		cleanup()
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to close temporary file: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	r, err := zip.OpenReader(tmpFile.Name())
-	if err != nil {
-		cleanup()
-		return nil, nil, err
-	}
-
-	return r, cleanup, nil
-}
--- a/backend/internal/cmds/key_rotate.go
+++ b/backend/internal/cmds/key_rotate.go
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"os"
 	"strings"

 	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3/jwa"
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ func keyRotate(ctx context.Context, flags keyRotateFlags, db *gorm.DB, envConfig
 		}
 		if !ok {
 			fmt.Println("Aborted")
-			os.Exit(1)
+			return nil
 		}
 	}

--- a/backend/internal/cmds/key_rotate_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/cmds/key_rotate_test.go
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package cmds

 import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -67,14 +69,78 @@ func TestKeyRotate(t *testing.T) {

 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			testKeyRotateWithDatabaseStorage(t, tt.flags, tt.wantErr, tt.errMsg)
+			t.Run("file storage", func(t *testing.T) {
+				testKeyRotateWithFileStorage(t, tt.flags, tt.wantErr, tt.errMsg)
+			})
+
+			t.Run("database storage", func(t *testing.T) {
+				testKeyRotateWithDatabaseStorage(t, tt.flags, tt.wantErr, tt.errMsg)
+			})
 		})
 	}
 }

+func testKeyRotateWithFileStorage(t *testing.T, flags keyRotateFlags, wantErr bool, errMsg string) {
+	// Create temporary directory for keys
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+	keysPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "keys")
+	err := os.MkdirAll(keysPath, 0755)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Set up file storage config
+	envConfig := &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+		KeysStorage: "file",
+		KeysPath:    keysPath,
+	}
+
+	// Create test database
+	db := testingutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+
+	// Initialize app config service and create instance
+	appConfigService, err := service.NewAppConfigService(t.Context(), db)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	instanceID := appConfigService.GetDbConfig().InstanceID.Value
+
+	// Check if key exists before rotation
+	keyProvider, err := jwkutils.GetKeyProvider(db, envConfig, instanceID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Run the key rotation
+	err = keyRotate(t.Context(), flags, db, envConfig)
+
+	if wantErr {
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		if errMsg != "" {
+			require.ErrorContains(t, err, errMsg)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Verify key was created
+	key, err := keyProvider.LoadKey()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, key)
+
+	// Verify the algorithm matches what we requested
+	alg, _ := key.Algorithm()
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, alg)
+	if flags.Alg != "" {
+		expectedAlg := flags.Alg
+		if expectedAlg == "EdDSA" {
+			// EdDSA keys should have the EdDSA algorithm
+			assert.Equal(t, "EdDSA", alg.String())
+		} else {
+			assert.Equal(t, expectedAlg, alg.String())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func testKeyRotateWithDatabaseStorage(t *testing.T, flags keyRotateFlags, wantErr bool, errMsg string) {
 	// Set up database storage config
 	envConfig := &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+		KeysStorage:   "database",
 		EncryptionKey: []byte("test-encryption-key-characters-long"),
 	}

--- a/backend/internal/cmds/one_time_access_token.go
+++ b/backend/internal/cmds/one_time_access_token.go
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ var oneTimeAccessTokenCmd = &cobra.Command{
 			}

 			// Create a new access token that expires in 1 hour
-			oneTimeAccessToken, txErr = service.NewOneTimeAccessToken(user.ID, time.Hour)
+			oneTimeAccessToken, txErr = service.NewOneTimeAccessToken(user.ID, time.Hour, false)
 			if txErr != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("failed to generate access token: %w", txErr)
 			}
--- a/backend/internal/cmds/root.go
+++ b/backend/internal/cmds/root.go
@@ -12,10 +12,9 @@ import (
 )

 var rootCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:          "pocket-id",
-	Short:        "A simple and easy-to-use OIDC provider that allows users to authenticate with their passkeys to your services.",
-	Long:         "By default, this command starts the pocket-id server.",
-	SilenceUsage: true,
+	Use:   "pocket-id",
+	Short: "A simple and easy-to-use OIDC provider that allows users to authenticate with their passkeys to your services.",
+	Long:  "By default, this command starts the pocket-id server.",
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		// Start the server
 		err := bootstrap.Bootstrap(cmd.Context())
--- a/backend/internal/common/env_config.go
+++ b/backend/internal/common/env_config.go
@@ -38,40 +38,40 @@ const (
 )

 type EnvConfigSchema struct {
-	AppEnv             AppEnv `env:"APP_ENV" options:"toLower"`
-	LogLevel           string `env:"LOG_LEVEL" options:"toLower"`
-	LogJSON            bool   `env:"LOG_JSON"`
-	AppURL             string `env:"APP_URL" options:"toLower,trimTrailingSlash"`
-	DbProvider         DbProvider
-	DbConnectionString string `env:"DB_CONNECTION_STRING" options:"file"`
-	EncryptionKey      []byte `env:"ENCRYPTION_KEY" options:"file"`
-	Port               string `env:"PORT"`
-	Host               string `env:"HOST" options:"toLower"`
-	UnixSocket         string `env:"UNIX_SOCKET"`
-	UnixSocketMode     string `env:"UNIX_SOCKET_MODE"`
-	LocalIPv6Ranges    string `env:"LOCAL_IPV6_RANGES"`
-	UiConfigDisabled   bool   `env:"UI_CONFIG_DISABLED"`
-	MetricsEnabled     bool   `env:"METRICS_ENABLED"`
-	TracingEnabled     bool   `env:"TRACING_ENABLED"`
-	TrustProxy         bool   `env:"TRUST_PROXY"`
-	AnalyticsDisabled  bool   `env:"ANALYTICS_DISABLED"`
-	AllowDowngrade     bool   `env:"ALLOW_DOWNGRADE"`
-	InternalAppURL     string `env:"INTERNAL_APP_URL"`
-
-	MaxMindLicenseKey string `env:"MAXMIND_LICENSE_KEY" options:"file"`
-	GeoLiteDBPath     string `env:"GEOLITE_DB_PATH"`
-	GeoLiteDBUrl      string `env:"GEOLITE_DB_URL"`
-
-	FileBackend string `env:"FILE_BACKEND" options:"toLower"`
-	UploadPath  string `env:"UPLOAD_PATH"`
-
-	S3Bucket                        string `env:"S3_BUCKET"`
-	S3Region                        string `env:"S3_REGION"`
-	S3Endpoint                      string `env:"S3_ENDPOINT"`
-	S3AccessKeyID                   string `env:"S3_ACCESS_KEY_ID"`
-	S3SecretAccessKey               string `env:"S3_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"`
-	S3ForcePathStyle                bool   `env:"S3_FORCE_PATH_STYLE"`
-	S3DisableDefaultIntegrityChecks bool   `env:"S3_DISABLE_DEFAULT_INTEGRITY_CHECKS"`
+	AppEnv                          AppEnv     `env:"APP_ENV" options:"toLower"`
+	LogLevel                        string     `env:"LOG_LEVEL" options:"toLower"`
+	AppURL                          string     `env:"APP_URL" options:"toLower,trimTrailingSlash"`
+	DbProvider                      DbProvider `env:"DB_PROVIDER" options:"toLower"`
+	DbConnectionString              string     `env:"DB_CONNECTION_STRING" options:"file"`
+	FileBackend                     string     `env:"FILE_BACKEND" options:"toLower"`
+	UploadPath                      string     `env:"UPLOAD_PATH"`
+	S3Bucket                        string     `env:"S3_BUCKET"`
+	S3Region                        string     `env:"S3_REGION"`
+	S3Endpoint                      string     `env:"S3_ENDPOINT"`
+	S3AccessKeyID                   string     `env:"S3_ACCESS_KEY_ID"`
+	S3SecretAccessKey               string     `env:"S3_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"`
+	S3ForcePathStyle                bool       `env:"S3_FORCE_PATH_STYLE"`
+	S3DisableDefaultIntegrityChecks bool       `env:"S3_DISABLE_DEFAULT_INTEGRITY_CHECKS"`
+	KeysPath                        string     `env:"KEYS_PATH"`
+	KeysStorage                     string     `env:"KEYS_STORAGE"`
+	EncryptionKey                   []byte     `env:"ENCRYPTION_KEY" options:"file"`
+	Port                            string     `env:"PORT"`
+	Host                            string     `env:"HOST" options:"toLower"`
+	UnixSocket                      string     `env:"UNIX_SOCKET"`
+	UnixSocketMode                  string     `env:"UNIX_SOCKET_MODE"`
+	MaxMindLicenseKey               string     `env:"MAXMIND_LICENSE_KEY" options:"file"`
+	GeoLiteDBPath                   string     `env:"GEOLITE_DB_PATH"`
+	GeoLiteDBUrl                    string     `env:"GEOLITE_DB_URL"`
+	LocalIPv6Ranges                 string     `env:"LOCAL_IPV6_RANGES"`
+	UiConfigDisabled                bool       `env:"UI_CONFIG_DISABLED"`
+	MetricsEnabled                  bool       `env:"METRICS_ENABLED"`
+	TracingEnabled                  bool       `env:"TRACING_ENABLED"`
+	LogJSON                         bool       `env:"LOG_JSON"`
+	TrustProxy                      bool       `env:"TRUST_PROXY"`
+	AuditLogRetentionDays           int        `env:"AUDIT_LOG_RETENTION_DAYS"`
+	AnalyticsDisabled               bool       `env:"ANALYTICS_DISABLED"`
+	AllowDowngrade                  bool       `env:"ALLOW_DOWNGRADE"`
+	InternalAppURL                  string     `env:"INTERNAL_APP_URL"`
 }

 var EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
@@ -86,15 +86,17 @@ func init() {

 func defaultConfig() EnvConfigSchema {
 	return EnvConfigSchema{
-		AppEnv:        AppEnvProduction,
-		LogLevel:      "info",
-		DbProvider:    "sqlite",
-		FileBackend:   "filesystem",
-		AppURL:        AppUrl,
-		Port:          "1411",
-		Host:          "0.0.0.0",
-		GeoLiteDBPath: "data/GeoLite2-City.mmdb",
-		GeoLiteDBUrl:  MaxMindGeoLiteCityUrl,
+		AppEnv:                AppEnvProduction,
+		LogLevel:              "info",
+		DbProvider:            "sqlite",
+		FileBackend:           "filesystem",
+		KeysPath:              "data/keys",
+		AuditLogRetentionDays: 90,
+		AppURL:                AppUrl,
+		Port:                  "1411",
+		Host:                  "0.0.0.0",
+		GeoLiteDBPath:         "data/GeoLite2-City.mmdb",
+		GeoLiteDBUrl:          MaxMindGeoLiteCityUrl,
 	}
 }

@@ -117,28 +119,32 @@ func parseEnvConfig() error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error preparing env config: %w", err)
 	}

+	err = validateEnvConfig(&EnvConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	return nil

 }

-// ValidateEnvConfig checks the EnvConfig for required fields and valid values
-func ValidateEnvConfig(config *EnvConfigSchema) error {
+// validateEnvConfig checks the EnvConfig for required fields and valid values
+func validateEnvConfig(config *EnvConfigSchema) error {
 	if _, err := sloggin.ParseLevel(config.LogLevel); err != nil {
 		return errors.New("invalid LOG_LEVEL value. Must be 'debug', 'info', 'warn' or 'error'")
 	}

-	if len(config.EncryptionKey) < 16 {
-		return errors.New("ENCRYPTION_KEY must be at least 16 bytes long")
-	}
-
-	switch {
-	case config.DbConnectionString == "":
-		config.DbProvider = DbProviderSqlite
-		config.DbConnectionString = defaultSqliteConnString
-	case strings.HasPrefix(config.DbConnectionString, "postgres://") || strings.HasPrefix(config.DbConnectionString, "postgresql://"):
-		config.DbProvider = DbProviderPostgres
+	switch config.DbProvider {
+	case DbProviderSqlite:
+		if config.DbConnectionString == "" {
+			config.DbConnectionString = defaultSqliteConnString
+		}
+	case DbProviderPostgres:
+		if config.DbConnectionString == "" {
+			return errors.New("missing required env var 'DB_CONNECTION_STRING' for Postgres database")
+		}
 	default:
-		config.DbProvider = DbProviderSqlite
+		return errors.New("invalid DB_PROVIDER value. Must be 'sqlite' or 'postgres'")
 	}

 	parsedAppUrl, err := url.Parse(config.AppURL)
@@ -162,8 +168,27 @@ func ValidateEnvConfig(config *EnvConfigSchema) error {
 		}
 	}

+	switch config.KeysStorage {
+	// KeysStorage defaults to "file" if empty
+	case "":
+		config.KeysStorage = "file"
+	case "database":
+		if config.EncryptionKey == nil {
+			return errors.New("ENCRYPTION_KEY must be non-empty when KEYS_STORAGE is database")
+		}
+	case "file":
+		// All good, these are valid values
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid value for KEYS_STORAGE: %s", config.KeysStorage)
+	}
+
 	switch config.FileBackend {
-	case "s3", "database":
+	case "s3":
+		if config.KeysStorage == "file" {
+			return errors.New("KEYS_STORAGE cannot be 'file' when FILE_BACKEND is 's3'")
+		}
+	case "database":
+		// All good, these are valid values
 	case "", "filesystem":
 		if config.UploadPath == "" {
 			config.UploadPath = defaultFsUploadPath
@@ -191,6 +216,10 @@ func ValidateEnvConfig(config *EnvConfigSchema) error {

 	}

+	if config.AuditLogRetentionDays <= 0 {
+		return errors.New("AUDIT_LOG_RETENTION_DAYS must be greater than 0")
+	}
+
 	return nil

 }
--- a/backend/internal/common/env_config_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/common/env_config_test.go
@@ -8,20 +8,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )

-func parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t *testing.T) error {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	if _, exists := os.LookupEnv("ENCRYPTION_KEY"); !exists {
-		t.Setenv("ENCRYPTION_KEY", "0123456789abcdef")
-	}
-
-	if err := parseEnvConfig(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return ValidateEnvConfig(&EnvConfig)
-}
-
 func TestParseEnvConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	// Store original config to restore later
 	originalConfig := EnvConfig
@@ -31,10 +17,11 @@ func TestParseEnvConfig(t *testing.T) {

 	t.Run("should parse valid SQLite config correctly", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "SQLITE") // should be lowercased automatically
 		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
 		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "HTTP://LOCALHOST:3000")

-		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, DbProviderSqlite, EnvConfig.DbProvider)
 		assert.Equal(t, "http://localhost:3000", EnvConfig.AppURL)
@@ -42,76 +29,147 @@ func TestParseEnvConfig(t *testing.T) {

 	t.Run("should parse valid Postgres config correctly", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "POSTGRES")
 		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "postgres://user:pass@localhost/db")
 		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "https://example.com")

-		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, DbProviderPostgres, EnvConfig.DbProvider)
 	})

-	t.Run("should fail when ENCRYPTION_KEY is too short", func(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("should fail with invalid DB_PROVIDER", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
-		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "invalid")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "test")
 		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
-		t.Setenv("ENCRYPTION_KEY", "short")

-		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
 		require.Error(t, err)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "ENCRYPTION_KEY must be at least 16 bytes long")
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "invalid DB_PROVIDER value")
 	})

 	t.Run("should set default SQLite connection string when DB_CONNECTION_STRING is empty", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
 		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")

-		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, defaultSqliteConnString, EnvConfig.DbConnectionString)
 	})

+	t.Run("should fail when Postgres DB_CONNECTION_STRING is missing", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "postgres")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "missing required env var 'DB_CONNECTION_STRING' for Postgres")
+	})
+
 	t.Run("should fail with invalid APP_URL", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
 		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
 		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "€://not-a-valid-url")

-		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
 		require.Error(t, err)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "APP_URL is not a valid URL")
 	})

 	t.Run("should fail when APP_URL contains path", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
 		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
 		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000/path")

-		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
 		require.Error(t, err)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "APP_URL must not contain a path")
 	})

 	t.Run("should fail with invalid INTERNAL_APP_URL", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
 		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
 		t.Setenv("INTERNAL_APP_URL", "€://not-a-valid-url")

-		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
 		require.Error(t, err)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "INTERNAL_APP_URL is not a valid URL")
 	})

 	t.Run("should fail when INTERNAL_APP_URL contains path", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
 		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
 		t.Setenv("INTERNAL_APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000/path")

-		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
 		require.Error(t, err)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "INTERNAL_APP_URL must not contain a path")
 	})

+	t.Run("should default KEYS_STORAGE to 'file' when empty", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "file", EnvConfig.KeysStorage)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when KEYS_STORAGE is 'database' but no encryption key", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("KEYS_STORAGE", "database")
+
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "ENCRYPTION_KEY must be non-empty when KEYS_STORAGE is database")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should accept valid KEYS_STORAGE values", func(t *testing.T) {
+		validStorageTypes := []string{"file", "database"}
+
+		for _, storage := range validStorageTypes {
+			EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+			t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
+			t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+			t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+			t.Setenv("KEYS_STORAGE", storage)
+			if storage == "database" {
+				t.Setenv("ENCRYPTION_KEY", "test-key")
+			}
+
+			err := parseEnvConfig()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, storage, EnvConfig.KeysStorage)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail with invalid KEYS_STORAGE value", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("KEYS_STORAGE", "invalid")
+
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "invalid value for KEYS_STORAGE")
+	})
+
 	t.Run("should parse boolean environment variables correctly", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
 		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
 		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
 		t.Setenv("UI_CONFIG_DISABLED", "true")
@@ -120,7 +178,7 @@ func TestParseEnvConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Setenv("TRUST_PROXY", "true")
 		t.Setenv("ANALYTICS_DISABLED", "false")

-		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.True(t, EnvConfig.UiConfigDisabled)
 		assert.True(t, EnvConfig.MetricsEnabled)
@@ -129,19 +187,56 @@ func TestParseEnvConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.False(t, EnvConfig.AnalyticsDisabled)
 	})

+	t.Run("should default audit log retention days to 90", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, 90, EnvConfig.AuditLogRetentionDays)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should parse audit log retention days override", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("AUDIT_LOG_RETENTION_DAYS", "365")
+
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, 365, EnvConfig.AuditLogRetentionDays)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when AUDIT_LOG_RETENTION_DAYS is non-positive", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("AUDIT_LOG_RETENTION_DAYS", "0")
+
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "AUDIT_LOG_RETENTION_DAYS must be greater than 0")
+	})
+
 	t.Run("should parse string environment variables correctly", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "postgres")
 		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "postgres://test")
 		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "https://prod.example.com")
 		t.Setenv("APP_ENV", "PRODUCTION")
 		t.Setenv("UPLOAD_PATH", "/custom/uploads")
+		t.Setenv("KEYS_PATH", "/custom/keys")
 		t.Setenv("PORT", "8080")
 		t.Setenv("HOST", "LOCALHOST")
 		t.Setenv("UNIX_SOCKET", "/tmp/app.sock")
 		t.Setenv("MAXMIND_LICENSE_KEY", "test-license")
 		t.Setenv("GEOLITE_DB_PATH", "/custom/geolite.mmdb")

-		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, AppEnvProduction, EnvConfig.AppEnv) // lowercased
 		assert.Equal(t, "/custom/uploads", EnvConfig.UploadPath)
@@ -151,24 +246,38 @@ func TestParseEnvConfig(t *testing.T) {

 	t.Run("should normalize file backend and default upload path", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
 		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
 		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
 		t.Setenv("FILE_BACKEND", "FILESYSTEM")
 		t.Setenv("UPLOAD_PATH", "")

-		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, "filesystem", EnvConfig.FileBackend)
 		assert.Equal(t, defaultFsUploadPath, EnvConfig.UploadPath)
 	})

+	t.Run("should fail when FILE_BACKEND is s3 but keys are stored on filesystem", func(t *testing.T) {
+		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
+		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
+		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
+		t.Setenv("FILE_BACKEND", "s3")
+
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "KEYS_STORAGE cannot be 'file' when FILE_BACKEND is 's3'")
+	})
+
 	t.Run("should fail with invalid FILE_BACKEND value", func(t *testing.T) {
 		EnvConfig = defaultConfig()
+		t.Setenv("DB_PROVIDER", "sqlite")
 		t.Setenv("DB_CONNECTION_STRING", "file:test.db")
 		t.Setenv("APP_URL", "http://localhost:3000")
 		t.Setenv("FILE_BACKEND", "invalid")

-		err := parseAndValidateEnvConfig(t)
+		err := parseEnvConfig()
 		require.Error(t, err)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "invalid FILE_BACKEND value")
 	})
--- a/backend/internal/common/errors.go
+++ b/backend/internal/common/errors.go
@@ -38,6 +38,13 @@ type TokenInvalidOrExpiredError struct{}
 func (e *TokenInvalidOrExpiredError) Error() string       { return "token is invalid or expired" }
 func (e *TokenInvalidOrExpiredError) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }

+type DeviceCodeInvalid struct{}
+
+func (e *DeviceCodeInvalid) Error() string {
+	return "one time access code must be used on the device it was generated for"
+}
+func (e *DeviceCodeInvalid) HttpStatusCode() int { return 400 }
+
 type TokenInvalidError struct{}

 func (e *TokenInvalidError) Error() string {
--- a/backend/internal/controller/app_images_controller.go
+++ b/backend/internal/controller/app_images_controller.go
@@ -23,11 +23,13 @@ func NewAppImagesController(
 	}

 	group.GET("/application-images/logo", controller.getLogoHandler)
+	group.GET("/application-images/email", controller.getEmailLogoHandler)
 	group.GET("/application-images/background", controller.getBackgroundImageHandler)
 	group.GET("/application-images/favicon", controller.getFaviconHandler)
 	group.GET("/application-images/default-profile-picture", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.getDefaultProfilePicture)

 	group.PUT("/application-images/logo", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.updateLogoHandler)
+	group.PUT("/application-images/email", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.updateEmailLogoHandler)
 	group.PUT("/application-images/background", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.updateBackgroundImageHandler)
 	group.PUT("/application-images/favicon", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.updateFaviconHandler)
 	group.PUT("/application-images/default-profile-picture", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.updateDefaultProfilePicture)
@@ -59,6 +61,18 @@ func (c *AppImagesController) getLogoHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 	c.getImage(ctx, imageName)
 }

+// getEmailLogoHandler godoc
+// @Summary Get email logo image
+// @Description Get the email logo image for use in emails
+// @Tags Application Images
+// @Produce image/png
+// @Produce image/jpeg
+// @Success 200 {file} binary "Email logo image"
+// @Router /api/application-images/email [get]
+func (c *AppImagesController) getEmailLogoHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	c.getImage(ctx, "logoEmail")
+}
+
 // getBackgroundImageHandler godoc
 // @Summary Get background image
 // @Description Get the background image for the application
@@ -124,6 +138,37 @@ func (c *AppImagesController) updateLogoHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
 }

+// updateEmailLogoHandler godoc
+// @Summary Update email logo
+// @Description Update the email logo for use in emails
+// @Tags Application Images
+// @Accept multipart/form-data
+// @Param file formData file true "Email logo image file"
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/application-images/email [put]
+func (c *AppImagesController) updateEmailLogoHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	file, err := ctx.FormFile("file")
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	fileType := utils.GetFileExtension(file.Filename)
+	mimeType := utils.GetImageMimeType(fileType)
+
+	if mimeType != "image/png" && mimeType != "image/jpeg" {
+		_ = ctx.Error(&common.WrongFileTypeError{ExpectedFileType: ".png or .jpg/jpeg"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := c.appImagesService.UpdateImage(ctx.Request.Context(), file, "logoEmail"); err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
 // updateBackgroundImageHandler godoc
 // @Summary Update background image
 // @Description Update the application background image
--- a/backend/internal/controller/e2etest_controller.go
+++ b/backend/internal/controller/e2etest_controller.go
@@ -40,11 +40,6 @@ func (tc *TestController) resetAndSeedHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}

-	if err := tc.TestService.ResetLock(c.Request.Context()); err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
 	if err := tc.TestService.ResetApplicationImages(c.Request.Context()); err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -74,6 +69,8 @@ func (tc *TestController) resetAndSeedHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		}
 	}

+	tc.TestService.SetJWTKeys()
+
 	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
 }

--- a/backend/internal/controller/oidc_controller.go
+++ b/backend/internal/controller/oidc_controller.go
@@ -63,12 +63,6 @@ func NewOidcController(group *gin.RouterGroup, authMiddleware *middleware.AuthMi

 	group.GET("/oidc/users/me/clients", authMiddleware.WithAdminNotRequired().Add(), oc.listOwnAccessibleClientsHandler)

-	// OIDC API (Resource Server) routes
-	group.POST("/oidc/apis", authMiddleware.Add(), oc.createAPIHandler)
-	group.GET("/oidc/apis", authMiddleware.Add(), oc.listAPIsHandler)
-	group.GET("/oidc/apis/:id", authMiddleware.Add(), oc.getAPIHandler)
-	group.POST("/oidc/apis/:id", authMiddleware.Add(), oc.updateAPIHandler)
-	group.DELETE("/oidc/apis/:id", authMiddleware.Add(), oc.deleteAPIHandler)
 }

 type OidcController struct {
@@ -851,151 +845,3 @@ func (oc *OidcController) getClientPreviewHandler(c *gin.Context) {

 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, preview)
 }
-
-// createAPIHandler godoc
-// @Summary Create OIDC API
-// @Description Create a new OIDC API (resource server)
-// @Tags OIDC
-// @Accept json
-// @Produce json
-// @Param api body dto.OidcAPICreateDto true "API information"
-// @Success 201 {object} dto.OidcAPIDto "Created API"
-// @Router /api/oidc/apis [post]
-func (oc *OidcController) createAPIHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	var input dto.OidcAPICreateDto
-	err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	api, err := oc.oidcService.CreateAPI(c.Request.Context(), input)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	var apiDto dto.OidcAPIDto
-	err = dto.MapStruct(api, &apiDto)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusCreated, apiDto)
-}
-
-// listAPIsHandler godoc
-// @Summary List OIDC APIs
-// @Description Get a paginated list of OIDC APIs (resource servers)
-// @Tags OIDC
-// @Param search query string false "Search term to filter APIs by name"
-// @Param pagination[page] query int false "Page number for pagination" default(1)
-// @Param pagination[limit] query int false "Number of items per page" default(20)
-// @Param sort[column] query string false "Column to sort by"
-// @Param sort[direction] query string false "Sort direction (asc or desc)" default("asc")
-// @Success 200 {object} dto.Paginated[dto.OidcAPIDto]
-// @Router /api/oidc/apis [get]
-func (oc *OidcController) listAPIsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	searchTerm := c.Query("search")
-	listRequestOptions := utils.ParseListRequestOptions(c)
-
-	apis, pagination, err := oc.oidcService.ListAPIs(c.Request.Context(), searchTerm, listRequestOptions)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	apisDto := make([]dto.OidcAPIDto, len(apis))
-	for i, api := range apis {
-		var apiDto dto.OidcAPIDto
-		err = dto.MapStruct(api, &apiDto)
-		if err != nil {
-			_ = c.Error(err)
-			return
-		}
-		apisDto[i] = apiDto
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, dto.Paginated[dto.OidcAPIDto]{
-		Data:       apisDto,
-		Pagination: pagination,
-	})
-}
-
-// getAPIHandler godoc
-// @Summary Get OIDC API
-// @Description Get detailed information about an OIDC API (resource server)
-// @Tags OIDC
-// @Produce json
-// @Param id path string true "API ID"
-// @Success 200 {object} dto.OidcAPIDto "API information"
-// @Router /api/oidc/apis/{id} [get]
-func (oc *OidcController) getAPIHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	apiID := c.Param("id")
-	api, err := oc.oidcService.GetAPI(c.Request.Context(), apiID)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	var apiDto dto.OidcAPIDto
-	err = dto.MapStruct(api, &apiDto)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, apiDto)
-}
-
-// updateAPIHandler godoc
-// @Summary Update OIDC API
-// @Description Update an existing OIDC API (resource server)
-// @Tags OIDC
-// @Accept json
-// @Produce json
-// @Param id path string true "API ID"
-// @Param api body dto.OidcAPIUpdateDto true "API information"
-// @Success 200 {object} dto.OidcAPIDto "Updated API"
-// @Router /api/oidc/apis/{id} [post]
-func (oc *OidcController) updateAPIHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	var input dto.OidcAPIUpdateDto
-	err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&input)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	api, err := oc.oidcService.UpdateAPI(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"), input)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	var apiDto dto.OidcAPIDto
-	err = dto.MapStruct(api, &apiDto)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, apiDto)
-}
-
-// deleteAPIHandler godoc
-// @Summary Delete OIDC API
-// @Description Delete an OIDC API (resource server) by ID
-// @Tags OIDC
-// @Param id path string true "API ID"
-// @Success 204 "No Content"
-// @Router /api/oidc/apis/{id} [delete]
-func (oc *OidcController) deleteAPIHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	err := oc.oidcService.DeleteAPI(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("id"))
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
-}
--- a/backend/internal/controller/user_controller.go
+++ b/backend/internal/controller/user_controller.go
@@ -391,12 +391,13 @@ func (uc *UserController) RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsUnauthenticatedUserHandler(
 		return
 	}

-	err := uc.userService.RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsUnauthenticatedUser(c.Request.Context(), input.Email, input.RedirectPath)
+	deviceToken, err := uc.userService.RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsUnauthenticatedUser(c.Request.Context(), input.Email, input.RedirectPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
 	}

+	cookie.AddDeviceTokenCookie(c, deviceToken)
 	c.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
 }

@@ -440,7 +441,8 @@ func (uc *UserController) RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsAdminHandler(c *gin.Context
 // @Success 200 {object} dto.UserDto
 // @Router /api/one-time-access-token/{token} [post]
 func (uc *UserController) exchangeOneTimeAccessTokenHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	user, token, err := uc.userService.ExchangeOneTimeAccessToken(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("token"), c.ClientIP(), c.Request.UserAgent())
+	deviceToken, _ := c.Cookie(cookie.DeviceTokenCookieName)
+	user, token, err := uc.userService.ExchangeOneTimeAccessToken(c.Request.Context(), c.Param("token"), deviceToken, c.ClientIP(), c.Request.UserAgent())
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
@@ -543,7 +545,7 @@ func (uc *UserController) createSignupTokenHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		ttl = defaultSignupTokenDuration
 	}

-	signupToken, err := uc.userService.CreateSignupToken(c.Request.Context(), ttl, input.UsageLimit)
+	signupToken, err := uc.userService.CreateSignupToken(c.Request.Context(), ttl, input.UsageLimit, input.UserGroupIDs)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Error(err)
 		return
--- a/backend/internal/dto/app_config_dto.go
+++ b/backend/internal/dto/app_config_dto.go
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ type AppConfigUpdateDto struct {
 	LdapAttributeGroupMember                   string `json:"ldapAttributeGroupMember"`
 	LdapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier         string `json:"ldapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier"`
 	LdapAttributeGroupName                     string `json:"ldapAttributeGroupName"`
-	LdapAdminGroupName                         string `json:"ldapAdminGroupName"`
+	LdapAttributeAdminGroup                    string `json:"ldapAttributeAdminGroup"`
 	LdapSoftDeleteUsers                        string `json:"ldapSoftDeleteUsers"`
 	EmailOneTimeAccessAsAdminEnabled           string `json:"emailOneTimeAccessAsAdminEnabled" binding:"required"`
 	EmailOneTimeAccessAsUnauthenticatedEnabled string `json:"emailOneTimeAccessAsUnauthenticatedEnabled" binding:"required"`
--- a/backend/internal/dto/oidc_dto.go
+++ b/backend/internal/dto/oidc_dto.go
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ type OidcClientDto struct {
 	IsPublic           bool                     `json:"isPublic"`
 	PkceEnabled        bool                     `json:"pkceEnabled"`
 	Credentials        OidcClientCredentialsDto `json:"credentials"`
+	IsGroupRestricted  bool                     `json:"isGroupRestricted"`
 }

 type OidcClientWithAllowedUserGroupsDto struct {
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ type OidcClientUpdateDto struct {
 	HasDarkLogo              bool                     `json:"hasDarkLogo"`
 	LogoURL                  *string                  `json:"logoUrl"`
 	DarkLogoURL              *string                  `json:"darkLogoUrl"`
+	IsGroupRestricted        bool                     `json:"isGroupRestricted"`
 }

 type OidcClientCreateDto struct {
@@ -178,26 +180,3 @@ type AccessibleOidcClientDto struct {
 	OidcClientMetaDataDto
 	LastUsedAt *datatype.DateTime `json:"lastUsedAt"`
 }
-
-type OidcAPIDto struct {
-	ID          string                 `json:"id"`
-	Name        string                 `json:"name"`
-	Identifier  string                 `json:"identifier"`
-	Permissions []OidcAPIPermissionDto `json:"permissions"`
-	CreatedAt   datatype.DateTime      `json:"createdAt"`
-}
-
-type OidcAPIPermissionDto struct {
-	Name        string `json:"name"`
-	Description string `json:"description"`
-}
-
-type OidcAPICreateDto struct {
-	Name string `json:"name" binding:"required,max=100" unorm:"nfc"`
-}
-
-type OidcAPIUpdateDto struct {
-	Name        string                 `json:"name" binding:"required,max=100" unorm:"nfc"`
-	Identifier  string                 `json:"identifier" binding:"omitempty,url,max=255"`
-	Permissions []OidcAPIPermissionDto `json:"permissions" binding:"omitempty,dive"`
-}
--- a/backend/internal/dto/signup_token_dto.go
+++ b/backend/internal/dto/signup_token_dto.go
@@ -6,8 +6,9 @@ import (
 )

 type SignupTokenCreateDto struct {
-	TTL        utils.JSONDuration `json:"ttl" binding:"required,ttl"`
-	UsageLimit int                `json:"usageLimit" binding:"required,min=1,max=100"`
+	TTL          utils.JSONDuration `json:"ttl" binding:"required,ttl"`
+	UsageLimit   int                `json:"usageLimit" binding:"required,min=1,max=100"`
+	UserGroupIDs []string           `json:"userGroupIds"`
 }

 type SignupTokenDto struct {
@@ -16,5 +17,6 @@ type SignupTokenDto struct {
 	ExpiresAt  datatype.DateTime `json:"expiresAt"`
 	UsageLimit int               `json:"usageLimit"`
 	UsageCount int               `json:"usageCount"`
+	UserGroups []UserGroupDto    `json:"userGroups"`
 	CreatedAt  datatype.DateTime `json:"createdAt"`
 }
--- a/backend/internal/dto/user_dto.go
+++ b/backend/internal/dto/user_dto.go
@@ -23,15 +23,16 @@ type UserDto struct {
 }

 type UserCreateDto struct {
-	Username    string  `json:"username" binding:"required,username,min=2,max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
-	Email       *string `json:"email" binding:"omitempty,email" unorm:"nfc"`
-	FirstName   string  `json:"firstName" binding:"required,min=1,max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
-	LastName    string  `json:"lastName" binding:"max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
-	DisplayName string  `json:"displayName" binding:"required,min=1,max=100" unorm:"nfc"`
-	IsAdmin     bool    `json:"isAdmin"`
-	Locale      *string `json:"locale"`
-	Disabled    bool    `json:"disabled"`
-	LdapID      string  `json:"-"`
+	Username     string   `json:"username" binding:"required,username,min=2,max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
+	Email        *string  `json:"email" binding:"omitempty,email" unorm:"nfc"`
+	FirstName    string   `json:"firstName" binding:"required,min=1,max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
+	LastName     string   `json:"lastName" binding:"max=50" unorm:"nfc"`
+	DisplayName  string   `json:"displayName" binding:"required,min=1,max=100" unorm:"nfc"`
+	IsAdmin      bool     `json:"isAdmin"`
+	Locale       *string  `json:"locale"`
+	Disabled     bool     `json:"disabled"`
+	UserGroupIds []string `json:"userGroupIds"`
+	LdapID       string   `json:"-"`
 }

 func (u UserCreateDto) Validate() error {
--- a/backend/internal/job/db_cleanup_job.go
+++ b/backend/internal/job/db_cleanup_job.go
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"

+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
 	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
 )
@@ -119,11 +120,13 @@ func (j *DbCleanupJobs) clearReauthenticationTokens(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }

-// ClearAuditLogs deletes audit logs older than 90 days
+// ClearAuditLogs deletes audit logs older than the configured retention window
 func (j *DbCleanupJobs) clearAuditLogs(ctx context.Context) error {
+	cutoff := time.Now().AddDate(0, 0, -common.EnvConfig.AuditLogRetentionDays)
+
 	st := j.db.
 		WithContext(ctx).
-		Delete(&model.AuditLog{}, "created_at < ?", datatype.DateTime(time.Now().AddDate(0, 0, -90)))
+		Delete(&model.AuditLog{}, "created_at < ?", datatype.DateTime(cutoff))
 	if st.Error != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete old audit logs: %w", st.Error)
 	}
--- a/backend/internal/model/app_config.go
+++ b/backend/internal/model/app_config.go
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ type AppConfig struct {
 	LdapAttributeGroupMember           AppConfigVariable `key:"ldapAttributeGroupMember"`
 	LdapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier AppConfigVariable `key:"ldapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier"`
 	LdapAttributeGroupName             AppConfigVariable `key:"ldapAttributeGroupName"`
-	LdapAdminGroupName                 AppConfigVariable `key:"ldapAdminGroupName"`
+	LdapAttributeAdminGroup            AppConfigVariable `key:"ldapAttributeAdminGroup"`
 	LdapSoftDeleteUsers                AppConfigVariable `key:"ldapSoftDeleteUsers"`
 }

--- a/backend/internal/model/oidc.go
+++ b/backend/internal/model/oidc.go
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ type OidcClient struct {
 	RequiresReauthentication bool `sortable:"true" filterable:"true"`
 	Credentials              OidcClientCredentials
 	LaunchURL                *string
+	IsGroupRestricted        bool

 	AllowedUserGroups         []UserGroup `gorm:"many2many:oidc_clients_allowed_user_groups;"`
 	CreatedByID               *string
@@ -151,33 +152,3 @@ type OidcDeviceCode struct {
 	ClientID string
 	Client   OidcClient
 }
-
-type OidcAPI struct {
-	Base
-
-	Name       string      `sortable:"true"`
-	Identifier string      `sortable:"true"`
-	Data       OidcAPIData `gorm:"type:text"`
-}
-
-func (a OidcAPI) DefaultIdentifier() string {
-	return "api://" + a.Identifier
-}
-
-//nolint:recvcheck
-type OidcAPIData struct {
-	Permissions []OidcAPIPermission `json:"permissions"`
-}
-
-func (p *OidcAPIData) Scan(value any) error {
-	return utils.UnmarshalJSONFromDatabase(p, value)
-}
-
-func (p OidcAPIData) Value() (driver.Value, error) {
-	return json.Marshal(p)
-}
-
-type OidcAPIPermission struct {
-	Name        string `json:"name"`
-	Description string `json:"description"`
-}
--- a/backend/internal/model/signup_token.go
+++ b/backend/internal/model/signup_token.go
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ type SignupToken struct {
 	ExpiresAt  datatype.DateTime `json:"expiresAt" sortable:"true"`
 	UsageLimit int               `json:"usageLimit" sortable:"true"`
 	UsageCount int               `json:"usageCount" sortable:"true"`
+	UserGroups []UserGroup       `gorm:"many2many:signup_tokens_user_groups;"`
 }

 func (st *SignupToken) IsExpired() bool {
--- a/backend/internal/model/types/date_time.go
+++ b/backend/internal/model/types/date_time.go
@@ -11,15 +11,6 @@ import (
 // DateTime custom type for time.Time to store date as unix timestamp for sqlite and as date for postgres
 type DateTime time.Time //nolint:recvcheck

-func DateTimeFromString(str string) (DateTime, error) {
-	t, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339Nano, str)
-	if err != nil {
-		return DateTime{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse date string: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return DateTime(t), nil
-}
-
 func (date *DateTime) Scan(value any) (err error) {
 	switch v := value.(type) {
 	case time.Time:
--- a/backend/internal/model/user.go
+++ b/backend/internal/model/user.go
@@ -87,8 +87,9 @@ func (u User) Initials() string {

 type OneTimeAccessToken struct {
 	Base
-	Token     string
-	ExpiresAt datatype.DateTime
+	Token       string
+	DeviceToken *string
+	ExpiresAt   datatype.DateTime

 	UserID string
 	User   User
--- a/backend/internal/service/app_config_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/app_config_service.go
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ func (s *AppConfigService) getDefaultDbConfig() *model.AppConfig {
 		LdapAttributeGroupMember:           model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "member"},
 		LdapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier: model.AppConfigVariable{},
 		LdapAttributeGroupName:             model.AppConfigVariable{},
-		LdapAdminGroupName:                 model.AppConfigVariable{},
+		LdapAttributeAdminGroup:            model.AppConfigVariable{},
 		LdapSoftDeleteUsers:                model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "true"},
 	}
 }
--- a/backend/internal/service/app_lock_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/app_lock_service.go
@@ -1,296 +0,0 @@
-package service
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"log/slog"
-	"os"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/google/uuid"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
-	"gorm.io/gorm"
-	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
-)
-
-var (
-	ErrLockUnavailable = errors.New("lock is already held by another process")
-	ErrLockLost        = errors.New("lock ownership lost")
-)
-
-const (
-	ttl           = 30 * time.Second
-	renewInterval = 20 * time.Second
-	renewRetries  = 3
-	lockKey       = "application_lock"
-)
-
-type AppLockService struct {
-	db        *gorm.DB
-	lockID    string
-	processID int64
-	hostID    string
-}
-
-func NewAppLockService(db *gorm.DB) *AppLockService {
-	host, err := os.Hostname()
-	if err != nil || host == "" {
-		host = "unknown-host"
-	}
-
-	return &AppLockService{
-		db:        db,
-		processID: int64(os.Getpid()),
-		hostID:    host,
-		lockID:    uuid.NewString(),
-	}
-}
-
-type lockValue struct {
-	ProcessID int64  `json:"process_id"`
-	HostID    string `json:"host_id"`
-	LockID    string `json:"lock_id"`
-	ExpiresAt int64  `json:"expires_at"`
-}
-
-func (lv *lockValue) Marshal() (string, error) {
-	data, err := json.Marshal(lv)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	return string(data), nil
-}
-
-func (lv *lockValue) Unmarshal(raw string) error {
-	if raw == "" {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return json.Unmarshal([]byte(raw), lv)
-}
-
-// Acquire obtains the lock. When force is true, the lock is stolen from any existing owner.
-// If the lock is forcefully acquired, it blocks until the previous lock has expired.
-func (s *AppLockService) Acquire(ctx context.Context, force bool) (waitUntil time.Time, err error) {
-	tx := s.db.Begin()
-	defer func() {
-		tx.Rollback()
-	}()
-
-	var prevLockRaw string
-	err = tx.
-		WithContext(ctx).
-		Model(&model.KV{}).
-		Where("key = ?", lockKey).
-		Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: "UPDATE"}).
-		Select("value").
-		Scan(&prevLockRaw).
-		Error
-	if err != nil {
-		return time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("query existing lock: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	var prevLock lockValue
-	if prevLockRaw != "" {
-		if err := prevLock.Unmarshal(prevLockRaw); err != nil {
-			return time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("decode existing lock value: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	now := time.Now()
-	nowUnix := now.Unix()
-
-	value := lockValue{
-		ProcessID: s.processID,
-		HostID:    s.hostID,
-		LockID:    s.lockID,
-		ExpiresAt: now.Add(ttl).Unix(),
-	}
-	raw, err := value.Marshal()
-	if err != nil {
-		return time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("encode lock value: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	var query string
-	switch s.db.Name() {
-	case "sqlite":
-		query = `
-			INSERT INTO kv (key, value)
-			VALUES (?, ?)
-			ON CONFLICT(key) DO UPDATE SET 
-				value = excluded.value
-			WHERE (json_extract(kv.value, '$.expires_at') < ?) OR ?
-		`
-	case "postgres":
-		query = `
-			INSERT INTO kv (key, value)
-			VALUES ($1, $2)
-			ON CONFLICT(key) DO UPDATE SET 
-				value = excluded.value
-			WHERE ((kv.value::json->>'expires_at')::bigint < $3) OR ($4::boolean IS TRUE)
-		`
-	default:
-		return time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("unsupported database dialect: %s", s.db.Name())
-	}
-
-	res := tx.WithContext(ctx).Exec(query, lockKey, raw, nowUnix, force)
-	if res.Error != nil {
-		return time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("lock acquisition failed: %w", res.Error)
-	}
-
-	if err := tx.Commit().Error; err != nil {
-		return time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("commit lock acquisition: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// If there is a lock that is not expired and force is false, no rows will be affected
-	if res.RowsAffected == 0 {
-		return time.Time{}, ErrLockUnavailable
-	}
-
-	if force && prevLock.ExpiresAt > nowUnix && prevLock.LockID != s.lockID {
-		waitUntil = time.Unix(prevLock.ExpiresAt, 0)
-	}
-
-	attrs := []any{
-		slog.Int64("process_id", s.processID),
-		slog.String("host_id", s.hostID),
-	}
-	if wait := time.Until(waitUntil); wait > 0 {
-		attrs = append(attrs, slog.Duration("wait_before_proceeding", wait))
-	}
-	slog.Info("Acquired application lock", attrs...)
-
-	return waitUntil, nil
-}
-
-// RunRenewal keeps renewing the lock until the context is canceled.
-func (s *AppLockService) RunRenewal(ctx context.Context) error {
-	ticker := time.NewTicker(renewInterval)
-	defer ticker.Stop()
-
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return nil
-		case <-ticker.C:
-			if err := s.renew(ctx); err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("renew lock: %w", err)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// Release releases the lock if it is held by this process.
-func (s *AppLockService) Release(ctx context.Context) error {
-	opCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 3*time.Second)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	var query string
-	switch s.db.Name() {
-	case "sqlite":
-		query = `
-		DELETE FROM kv
-		WHERE key = ?
-		  AND json_extract(value, '$.lock_id') = ?
-	`
-	case "postgres":
-		query = `
-		DELETE FROM kv
-		WHERE key = $1
-		  AND value::json->>'lock_id' = $2
-	`
-	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported database dialect: %s", s.db.Name())
-	}
-
-	res := s.db.WithContext(opCtx).Exec(query, lockKey, s.lockID)
-	if res.Error != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("release lock failed: %w", res.Error)
-	}
-
-	if res.RowsAffected == 0 {
-		slog.Warn("Application lock not held by this process, cannot release",
-			slog.Int64("process_id", s.processID),
-			slog.String("host_id", s.hostID),
-		)
-	}
-
-	slog.Info("Released application lock",
-		slog.Int64("process_id", s.processID),
-		slog.String("host_id", s.hostID),
-	)
-	return nil
-}
-
-// renew tries to renew the lock, retrying up to renewRetries times (sleeping 1s between attempts).
-func (s *AppLockService) renew(ctx context.Context) error {
-	var lastErr error
-	for attempt := 1; attempt <= renewRetries; attempt++ {
-		now := time.Now()
-		nowUnix := now.Unix()
-		expiresAt := now.Add(ttl).Unix()
-
-		value := lockValue{
-			LockID:    s.lockID,
-			ProcessID: s.processID,
-			HostID:    s.hostID,
-			ExpiresAt: expiresAt,
-		}
-		raw, err := value.Marshal()
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("encode lock value: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		var query string
-		switch s.db.Name() {
-		case "sqlite":
-			query = `
-				UPDATE kv
-				SET value = ?
-				WHERE key = ?
-				  AND json_extract(value, '$.lock_id') = ?
-				  AND json_extract(value, '$.expires_at') > ?
-			`
-		case "postgres":
-			query = `
-				UPDATE kv
-				SET value = $1
-				WHERE key = $2
-				  AND value::json->>'lock_id' = $3
-				  AND ((value::json->>'expires_at')::bigint > $4)
-			`
-		default:
-			return fmt.Errorf("unsupported database dialect: %s", s.db.Name())
-		}
-
-		opCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 3*time.Second)
-		res := s.db.WithContext(opCtx).Exec(query, raw, lockKey, s.lockID, nowUnix)
-		cancel()
-
-		switch {
-		case res.Error != nil:
-			lastErr = fmt.Errorf("lock renewal failed: %w", res.Error)
-		case res.RowsAffected == 0:
-			// Must be after checking res.Error
-			return ErrLockLost
-		default:
-			slog.Debug("Renewed application lock",
-				slog.Int64("process_id", s.processID),
-				slog.String("host_id", s.hostID),
-			)
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		// Wait before next attempt or cancel if context is done
-		if attempt < renewRetries {
-			select {
-			case <-ctx.Done():
-				return ctx.Err()
-			case <-time.After(1 * time.Second):
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return lastErr
-}
--- a/backend/internal/service/app_lock_service_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/app_lock_service_test.go
@@ -1,189 +0,0 @@
-package service
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"gorm.io/gorm"
-
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
-	testutils "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/testing"
-)
-
-func newTestAppLockService(t *testing.T, db *gorm.DB) *AppLockService {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	return &AppLockService{
-		db:        db,
-		processID: 1,
-		hostID:    "test-host",
-		lockID:    "a13c7673-c7ae-49f1-9112-2cd2d0d4b0c1",
-	}
-}
-
-func insertLock(t *testing.T, db *gorm.DB, value lockValue) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	raw, err := value.Marshal()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	err = db.Create(&model.KV{Key: lockKey, Value: &raw}).Error
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-}
-
-func readLockValue(t *testing.T, db *gorm.DB) lockValue {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	var row model.KV
-	err := db.Take(&row, "key = ?", lockKey).Error
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	require.NotNil(t, row.Value)
-
-	var value lockValue
-	err = value.Unmarshal(*row.Value)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	return value
-}
-
-func TestAppLockServiceAcquire(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("creates new lock when none exists", func(t *testing.T) {
-		db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
-		service := newTestAppLockService(t, db)
-
-		_, err := service.Acquire(context.Background(), false)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		stored := readLockValue(t, db)
-		require.Equal(t, service.processID, stored.ProcessID)
-		require.Equal(t, service.hostID, stored.HostID)
-		require.Greater(t, stored.ExpiresAt, time.Now().Unix())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("returns ErrLockUnavailable when lock held by another process", func(t *testing.T) {
-		db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
-		service := newTestAppLockService(t, db)
-
-		existing := lockValue{
-			ProcessID: 99,
-			HostID:    "other-host",
-			ExpiresAt: time.Now().Add(ttl).Unix(),
-		}
-		insertLock(t, db, existing)
-
-		_, err := service.Acquire(context.Background(), false)
-		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrLockUnavailable)
-
-		current := readLockValue(t, db)
-		require.Equal(t, existing, current)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("force acquisition steals lock", func(t *testing.T) {
-		db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
-		service := newTestAppLockService(t, db)
-
-		insertLock(t, db, lockValue{
-			ProcessID: 99,
-			HostID:    "other-host",
-			ExpiresAt: time.Now().Unix(),
-		})
-
-		_, err := service.Acquire(context.Background(), true)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		stored := readLockValue(t, db)
-		require.Equal(t, service.processID, stored.ProcessID)
-		require.Equal(t, service.hostID, stored.HostID)
-		require.Greater(t, stored.ExpiresAt, time.Now().Unix())
-	})
-}
-
-func TestAppLockServiceRelease(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("removes owned lock", func(t *testing.T) {
-		db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
-		service := newTestAppLockService(t, db)
-
-		_, err := service.Acquire(context.Background(), false)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		err = service.Release(context.Background())
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		var row model.KV
-		err = db.Take(&row, "key = ?", lockKey).Error
-		require.ErrorIs(t, err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("ignores lock held by another owner", func(t *testing.T) {
-		db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
-		service := newTestAppLockService(t, db)
-
-		existing := lockValue{
-			ProcessID: 2,
-			HostID:    "other-host",
-			ExpiresAt: time.Now().Add(ttl).Unix(),
-		}
-		insertLock(t, db, existing)
-
-		err := service.Release(context.Background())
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		stored := readLockValue(t, db)
-		require.Equal(t, existing, stored)
-	})
-}
-
-func TestAppLockServiceRenew(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("extends expiration when lock is still owned", func(t *testing.T) {
-		db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
-		service := newTestAppLockService(t, db)
-
-		_, err := service.Acquire(context.Background(), false)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		before := readLockValue(t, db)
-
-		err = service.renew(context.Background())
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		after := readLockValue(t, db)
-		require.Equal(t, service.processID, after.ProcessID)
-		require.Equal(t, service.hostID, after.HostID)
-		require.GreaterOrEqual(t, after.ExpiresAt, before.ExpiresAt)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("returns ErrLockLost when lock is missing", func(t *testing.T) {
-		db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
-		service := newTestAppLockService(t, db)
-
-		err := service.renew(context.Background())
-		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrLockLost)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("returns ErrLockLost when ownership changed", func(t *testing.T) {
-		db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
-		service := newTestAppLockService(t, db)
-
-		_, err := service.Acquire(context.Background(), false)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		// Simulate a different process taking the lock.
-		newOwner := lockValue{
-			ProcessID: 9,
-			HostID:    "stolen-host",
-			ExpiresAt: time.Now().Add(ttl).Unix(),
-		}
-		raw, marshalErr := newOwner.Marshal()
-		require.NoError(t, marshalErr)
-		updateErr := db.Model(&model.KV{}).
-			Where("key = ?", lockKey).
-			Update("value", raw).Error
-		require.NoError(t, updateErr)
-
-		err = service.renew(context.Background())
-		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrLockLost)
-	})
-}
--- a/backend/internal/service/e2etest_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/e2etest_service.go
@@ -7,12 +7,14 @@ import (
 	"crypto/ecdsa"
 	"crypto/elliptic"
 	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/x509"
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
 	"path"
 	"time"

+	"github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2"
 	"github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn/protocol"
 	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3/jwa"
 	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3/jwk"
@@ -34,17 +36,15 @@ type TestService struct {
 	appConfigService *AppConfigService
 	ldapService      *LdapService
 	fileStorage      storage.FileStorage
-	appLockService   *AppLockService
 	externalIdPKey   jwk.Key
 }

-func NewTestService(db *gorm.DB, appConfigService *AppConfigService, jwtService *JwtService, ldapService *LdapService, appLockService *AppLockService, fileStorage storage.FileStorage) (*TestService, error) {
+func NewTestService(db *gorm.DB, appConfigService *AppConfigService, jwtService *JwtService, ldapService *LdapService, fileStorage storage.FileStorage) (*TestService, error) {
 	s := &TestService{
 		db:               db,
 		appConfigService: appConfigService,
 		jwtService:       jwtService,
 		ldapService:      ldapService,
-		appLockService:   appLockService,
 		fileStorage:      fileStorage,
 	}
 	err := s.initExternalIdP()
@@ -288,8 +288,8 @@ func (s *TestService) SeedDatabase(baseURL string) error {
 		// openssl genpkey -algorithm EC -pkeyopt ec_paramgen_curve:P-256 | \
 		// openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -nocrypt | tee >(openssl pkey -pubout)

-		publicKeyPasskey1, _ := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString("pQMmIAEhWCDBw6jkpXXr0pHrtAQetxiR5cTcILG/YGDCdKrhVhNDHCJYIIu12YrF6B7Frwl3AUqEpdrYEwj3Fo3XkGgvrBIJEUmGAQI=")
-		publicKeyPasskey2, _ := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString("pSJYIPmc+FlEB0neERqqscxKckGF8yq1AYrANiloshAUAouHAQIDJiABIVggj4qA0PrZzg8Co1C27nyUbzrp8Ewjr7eOlGI2LfrzmbI=")
+		publicKeyPasskey1, _ := s.getCborPublicKey("MFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAEwcOo5KV169KR67QEHrcYkeXE3CCxv2BgwnSq4VYTQxyLtdmKxegexa8JdwFKhKXa2BMI9xaN15BoL6wSCRFJhg==")
+		publicKeyPasskey2, _ := s.getCborPublicKey("MFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAEj4qA0PrZzg8Co1C27nyUbzrp8Ewjr7eOlGI2LfrzmbL5nPhZRAdJ3hEaqrHMSnJBhfMqtQGKwDYpaLIQFAKLhw==")
 		webauthnCredentials := []model.WebauthnCredential{
 			{
 				Name:            "Passkey 1",
@@ -318,10 +318,6 @@ func (s *TestService) SeedDatabase(baseURL string) error {
 			Challenge:        "challenge",
 			ExpiresAt:        datatype.DateTime(time.Now().Add(1 * time.Hour)),
 			UserVerification: "preferred",
-			CredentialParams: model.CredentialParameters{
-				{Type: "public-key", Algorithm: -7},
-				{Type: "public-key", Algorithm: -257},
-			},
 		}
 		if err := tx.Create(&webauthnSession).Error; err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -331,10 +327,9 @@ func (s *TestService) SeedDatabase(baseURL string) error {
 			Base: model.Base{
 				ID: "5f1fa856-c164-4295-961e-175a0d22d725",
 			},
-			Name:      "Test API Key",
-			Key:       "6c34966f57ef2bb7857649aff0e7ab3ad67af93c846342ced3f5a07be8706c20",
-			UserID:    users[0].ID,
-			ExpiresAt: datatype.DateTime(time.Now().Add(30 * 24 * time.Hour)),
+			Name:   "Test API Key",
+			Key:    "6c34966f57ef2bb7857649aff0e7ab3ad67af93c846342ced3f5a07be8706c20",
+			UserID: users[0].ID,
 		}
 		if err := tx.Create(&apiKey).Error; err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -349,6 +344,9 @@ func (s *TestService) SeedDatabase(baseURL string) error {
 				ExpiresAt:  datatype.DateTime(time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour)),
 				UsageLimit: 1,
 				UsageCount: 0,
+				UserGroups: []model.UserGroup{
+					userGroups[0],
+				},
 			},
 			{
 				Base: model.Base{
@@ -384,20 +382,6 @@ func (s *TestService) SeedDatabase(baseURL string) error {
 			}
 		}

-		keyValues := []model.KV{
-			{
-				Key: jwkutils.PrivateKeyDBKey,
-				// {"alg":"RS256","d":"mvMDWSdPPvcum0c0iEHE2gbqtV2NKMmLwrl9E6K7g8lTV95SePLnW_bwyMPV7EGp7PQk3l17I5XRhFjze7GqTnFIOgKzMianPs7jv2ELtBMGK0xOPATgu1iGb70xZ6vcvuEfRyY3dJ0zr4jpUdVuXwKmx9rK4IdZn2dFCKfvSuspqIpz11RhF1ALrqDLkxGVv7ZwNh0_VhJZU9hcjG5l6xc7rQEKpPRkZp0IdjkGS8Z0FskoVaiRIWAbZuiVFB9WCW8k1czC4HQTPLpII01bUQx2ludbm0UlXRgVU9ptUUbU7GAImQqTOW8LfPGklEvcgzlIlR_oqw4P9yBxLi-yMQ","dp":"pvNCSnnhbo8Igw9psPR-DicxFnkXlu_ix4gpy6efTrxA-z1VDFDioJ814vKQNioYDzpyAP1gfMPhRkvG_q0hRZsJah3Sb9dfA-WkhSWY7lURQP4yIBTMU0PF_rEATuS7lRciYk1SOx5fqXZd3m_LP0vpBC4Ujlq6NAq6CIjCnms","dq":"TtUVGCCkPNgfOLmkYXu7dxxUCV5kB01-xAEK2OY0n0pG8vfDophH4_D_ZC7nvJ8J9uDhs_3JStexq1lIvaWtG99RNTChIEDzpdn6GH9yaVcb_eB4uJjrNm64FhF8PGCCwxA-xMCZMaARKwhMB2_IOMkxUbWboL3gnhJ2rDO_QO0","e":"AQAB","kid":"8uHDw3M6rf8","kty":"RSA","n":"yaeEL0VKoPBXIAaWXsUgmu05lAvEIIdJn0FX9lHh4JE5UY9B83C5sCNdhs9iSWzpeP11EVjWp8i3Yv2CF7c7u50BXnVBGtxpZpFC-585UXacoJ0chUmarL9GRFJcM1nPHBTFu68aRrn1rIKNHUkNaaxFo0NFGl_4EDDTO8HwawTjwkPoQlRzeByhlvGPVvwgB3Fn93B8QJ_cZhXKxJvjjrC_8Pk76heC_ntEMru71Ix77BoC3j2TuyiN7m9RNBW8BU5q6lKoIdvIeZfTFLzi37iufyfvMrJTixp9zhNB1NxlLCeOZl2MXegtiGqd2H3cbAyqoOiv9ihUWTfXj7SxJw","p":"_Yylc9e07CKdqNRD2EosMC2mrhrEa9j5oY_l00Qyy4-jmCA59Q9viyqvveRo0U7cRvFA5BWgWN6GGLh1DG3X-QBqVr0dnk3uzbobb55RYUXyPLuBZI2q6w2oasbiDwPdY7KpkVv_H-bpITQlyDvO8hhucA6rUV7F6KTQVz8M3Ms","q":"y5p3hch-7jJ21TkAhp_Vk1fLCAuD4tbErwQs2of9ja8sB4iJOs5Wn6HD3P7Mc8Plye7qaLHvzc8I5g0tPKWvC0DPd_FLPXiWwMVAzee3NUX_oGeJNOQp11y1w_KqdO9qZqHSEPZ3NcFL_SZMFgggxhM1uzRiPzsVN0lnD_6prZU","qi":"2Grt6uXHm61ji3xSdkBWNtUnj19vS1-7rFJp5SoYztVQVThf_W52BAiXKBdYZDRVoItC_VS2NvAOjeJjhYO_xQ_q3hK7MdtuXfEPpLnyXKkmWo3lrJ26wbeF6l05LexCkI7ShsOuSt-dsyaTJTszuKDIA6YOfWvfo3aVZmlWRaI","use":"sig"}
-				Value: utils.Ptr("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"),
-			},
-		}
-
-		for _, kv := range keyValues {
-			if err := tx.Create(&kv).Error; err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-
 		return nil
 	})

@@ -483,29 +467,47 @@ func (s *TestService) ResetAppConfig(ctx context.Context) error {
 		return err
 	}

-	// Manually set instance ID
-	err = s.appConfigService.UpdateAppConfigValues(ctx, "instanceId", "test-instance-id")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
 	// Reload the app config from the database after resetting the values
-	err = s.appConfigService.LoadDbConfig(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// Reload the JWK
-	if err := s.jwtService.LoadOrGenerateKey(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return nil
+	return s.appConfigService.LoadDbConfig(ctx)
 }

-func (s *TestService) ResetLock(ctx context.Context) error {
-	_, err := s.appLockService.Acquire(ctx, true)
-	return err
+func (s *TestService) SetJWTKeys() {
+	const privateKeyString = `{"alg":"RS256","d":"mvMDWSdPPvcum0c0iEHE2gbqtV2NKMmLwrl9E6K7g8lTV95SePLnW_bwyMPV7EGp7PQk3l17I5XRhFjze7GqTnFIOgKzMianPs7jv2ELtBMGK0xOPATgu1iGb70xZ6vcvuEfRyY3dJ0zr4jpUdVuXwKmx9rK4IdZn2dFCKfvSuspqIpz11RhF1ALrqDLkxGVv7ZwNh0_VhJZU9hcjG5l6xc7rQEKpPRkZp0IdjkGS8Z0FskoVaiRIWAbZuiVFB9WCW8k1czC4HQTPLpII01bUQx2ludbm0UlXRgVU9ptUUbU7GAImQqTOW8LfPGklEvcgzlIlR_oqw4P9yBxLi-yMQ","dp":"pvNCSnnhbo8Igw9psPR-DicxFnkXlu_ix4gpy6efTrxA-z1VDFDioJ814vKQNioYDzpyAP1gfMPhRkvG_q0hRZsJah3Sb9dfA-WkhSWY7lURQP4yIBTMU0PF_rEATuS7lRciYk1SOx5fqXZd3m_LP0vpBC4Ujlq6NAq6CIjCnms","dq":"TtUVGCCkPNgfOLmkYXu7dxxUCV5kB01-xAEK2OY0n0pG8vfDophH4_D_ZC7nvJ8J9uDhs_3JStexq1lIvaWtG99RNTChIEDzpdn6GH9yaVcb_eB4uJjrNm64FhF8PGCCwxA-xMCZMaARKwhMB2_IOMkxUbWboL3gnhJ2rDO_QO0","e":"AQAB","kid":"8uHDw3M6rf8","kty":"RSA","n":"yaeEL0VKoPBXIAaWXsUgmu05lAvEIIdJn0FX9lHh4JE5UY9B83C5sCNdhs9iSWzpeP11EVjWp8i3Yv2CF7c7u50BXnVBGtxpZpFC-585UXacoJ0chUmarL9GRFJcM1nPHBTFu68aRrn1rIKNHUkNaaxFo0NFGl_4EDDTO8HwawTjwkPoQlRzeByhlvGPVvwgB3Fn93B8QJ_cZhXKxJvjjrC_8Pk76heC_ntEMru71Ix77BoC3j2TuyiN7m9RNBW8BU5q6lKoIdvIeZfTFLzi37iufyfvMrJTixp9zhNB1NxlLCeOZl2MXegtiGqd2H3cbAyqoOiv9ihUWTfXj7SxJw","p":"_Yylc9e07CKdqNRD2EosMC2mrhrEa9j5oY_l00Qyy4-jmCA59Q9viyqvveRo0U7cRvFA5BWgWN6GGLh1DG3X-QBqVr0dnk3uzbobb55RYUXyPLuBZI2q6w2oasbiDwPdY7KpkVv_H-bpITQlyDvO8hhucA6rUV7F6KTQVz8M3Ms","q":"y5p3hch-7jJ21TkAhp_Vk1fLCAuD4tbErwQs2of9ja8sB4iJOs5Wn6HD3P7Mc8Plye7qaLHvzc8I5g0tPKWvC0DPd_FLPXiWwMVAzee3NUX_oGeJNOQp11y1w_KqdO9qZqHSEPZ3NcFL_SZMFgggxhM1uzRiPzsVN0lnD_6prZU","qi":"2Grt6uXHm61ji3xSdkBWNtUnj19vS1-7rFJp5SoYztVQVThf_W52BAiXKBdYZDRVoItC_VS2NvAOjeJjhYO_xQ_q3hK7MdtuXfEPpLnyXKkmWo3lrJ26wbeF6l05LexCkI7ShsOuSt-dsyaTJTszuKDIA6YOfWvfo3aVZmlWRaI","use":"sig"}`
+
+	privateKey, _ := jwk.ParseKey([]byte(privateKeyString))
+	_ = s.jwtService.SetKey(privateKey)
+}
+
+// getCborPublicKey decodes a Base64 encoded public key and returns the CBOR encoded COSE key
+func (s *TestService) getCborPublicKey(base64PublicKey string) ([]byte, error) {
+	decodedKey, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(base64PublicKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode base64 key: %w", err)
+	}
+	pubKey, err := x509.ParsePKIXPublicKey(decodedKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse public key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	ecdsaPubKey, ok := pubKey.(*ecdsa.PublicKey)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("not an ECDSA public key")
+	}
+
+	coseKey := map[int]interface{}{
+		1:  2,                     // Key type: EC2
+		3:  -7,                    // Algorithm: ECDSA with SHA-256
+		-1: 1,                     // Curve: P-256
+		-2: ecdsaPubKey.X.Bytes(), // X coordinate
+		-3: ecdsaPubKey.Y.Bytes(), // Y coordinate
+	}
+
+	cborPublicKey, err := cbor.Marshal(coseKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal COSE key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return cborPublicKey, nil
 }

 // SyncLdap triggers an LDAP synchronization
@@ -532,7 +534,7 @@ func (s *TestService) SetLdapTestConfig(ctx context.Context) error {
 			"ldapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier": "uuid",
 			"ldapAttributeGroupName":             "uid",
 			"ldapAttributeGroupMember":           "member",
-			"ldapAdminGroupName":                 "admin_group",
+			"ldapAttributeAdminGroup":            "admin_group",
 			"ldapSoftDeleteUsers":                "true",
 			"ldapEnabled":                        "true",
 		}
--- a/backend/internal/service/email_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/email_service.go
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ func SendEmail[V any](ctx context.Context, srv *EmailService, toEmail email.Addr

 	data := &email.TemplateData[V]{
 		AppName: dbConfig.AppName.Value,
-		LogoURL: common.EnvConfig.AppURL + "/api/application-images/logo",
+		LogoURL: common.EnvConfig.AppURL + "/api/application-images/email",
 		Data:    tData,
 	}

--- a/backend/internal/service/export_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/export_service.go
@@ -1,217 +0,0 @@
-package service
-
-import (
-	"archive/zip"
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"path/filepath"
-
-	"gorm.io/gorm"
-
-	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/storage"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
-)
-
-// ExportService handles exporting Pocket ID data into a ZIP archive.
-type ExportService struct {
-	db      *gorm.DB
-	storage storage.FileStorage
-}
-
-func NewExportService(db *gorm.DB, storage storage.FileStorage) *ExportService {
-	return &ExportService{
-		db:      db,
-		storage: storage,
-	}
-}
-
-// ExportToZip performs the full export process and writes the ZIP data to the given writer.
-func (s *ExportService) ExportToZip(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer) error {
-	dbData, err := s.extractDatabase()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return s.writeExportZipStream(ctx, w, dbData)
-}
-
-// extractDatabase reads all tables into a DatabaseExport struct
-func (s *ExportService) extractDatabase() (DatabaseExport, error) {
-	schema, err := utils.LoadDBSchemaTypes(s.db)
-	if err != nil {
-		return DatabaseExport{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to load schema types: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	version, err := s.schemaVersion()
-	if err != nil {
-		return DatabaseExport{}, err
-	}
-
-	out := DatabaseExport{
-		Provider: s.db.Name(),
-		Version:  version,
-		Tables:   map[string][]map[string]any{},
-		// These tables need to be inserted in a specific order because of foreign key constraints
-		// Not all tables are listed here, because not all tables are order-dependent
-		TableOrder: []string{"users", "user_groups", "oidc_clients"},
-	}
-
-	for table := range schema {
-		if table == "storage" || table == "schema_migrations" {
-			continue
-		}
-		err = s.dumpTable(table, schema[table], &out)
-		if err != nil {
-			return DatabaseExport{}, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return out, nil
-}
-
-func (s *ExportService) schemaVersion() (uint, error) {
-	var version uint
-	if err := s.db.Raw("SELECT version FROM schema_migrations").Row().Scan(&version); err != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to query schema version: %w", err)
-	}
-	return version, nil
-}
-
-// dumpTable selects all rows from a table and appends them to out.Tables
-func (s *ExportService) dumpTable(table string, types utils.DBSchemaTableTypes, out *DatabaseExport) error {
-	rows, err := s.db.Raw("SELECT * FROM " + table).Rows()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read table %s: %w", table, err)
-	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-
-	cols, _ := rows.Columns()
-	if len(cols) != len(types) {
-		// Should never happen...
-		return fmt.Errorf("mismatched columns in table (%d) and schema (%d)", len(cols), len(types))
-	}
-
-	for rows.Next() {
-		vals := s.getScanValuesForTable(cols, types)
-		err = rows.Scan(vals...)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to scan row in table %s: %w", table, err)
-		}
-
-		rowMap := make(map[string]any, len(cols))
-		for i, col := range cols {
-			rowMap[col] = vals[i]
-		}
-
-		// Skip the app lock row in the kv table
-		if table == "kv" {
-			if keyPtr, ok := rowMap["key"].(*string); ok && keyPtr != nil && *keyPtr == lockKey {
-				continue
-			}
-		}
-
-		out.Tables[table] = append(out.Tables[table], rowMap)
-	}
-
-	return rows.Err()
-}
-
-func (s *ExportService) getScanValuesForTable(cols []string, types utils.DBSchemaTableTypes) []any {
-	res := make([]any, len(cols))
-	for i, col := range cols {
-		// Store a pointer
-		// Note: don't create a helper function for this switch, because it would return type "any" and mess everything up
-		// If the column is nullable, we need a pointer to a pointer!
-		switch types[col].Name {
-		case "boolean", "bool":
-			var x bool
-			if types[col].Nullable {
-				res[i] = utils.Ptr(utils.Ptr(x))
-			} else {
-				res[i] = utils.Ptr(x)
-			}
-		case "blob", "bytea", "jsonb":
-			// Treat jsonb columns as binary too
-			var x []byte
-			if types[col].Nullable {
-				res[i] = utils.Ptr(utils.Ptr(x))
-			} else {
-				res[i] = utils.Ptr(x)
-			}
-		case "timestamp", "timestamptz", "timestamp with time zone", "datetime":
-			var x datatype.DateTime
-			if types[col].Nullable {
-				res[i] = utils.Ptr(utils.Ptr(x))
-			} else {
-				res[i] = utils.Ptr(x)
-			}
-		case "integer", "int", "bigint":
-			var x int64
-			if types[col].Nullable {
-				res[i] = utils.Ptr(utils.Ptr(x))
-			} else {
-				res[i] = utils.Ptr(x)
-			}
-		default:
-			// Treat everything else as a string (including the "numeric" type)
-			var x string
-			if types[col].Nullable {
-				res[i] = utils.Ptr(utils.Ptr(x))
-			} else {
-				res[i] = utils.Ptr(x)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return res
-}
-
-func (s *ExportService) writeExportZipStream(ctx context.Context, w io.Writer, dbData DatabaseExport) error {
-	zipWriter := zip.NewWriter(w)
-
-	// Add database.json
-	jsonWriter, err := zipWriter.Create("database.json")
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create database.json in zip: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	jsonEncoder := json.NewEncoder(jsonWriter)
-	jsonEncoder.SetEscapeHTML(false)
-
-	if err := jsonEncoder.Encode(dbData); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to encode database.json: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Add uploaded files
-	if err := s.addUploadsToZip(ctx, zipWriter); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return zipWriter.Close()
-}
-
-// addUploadsToZip adds all files from the storage to the ZIP archive under the "uploads/" directory
-func (s *ExportService) addUploadsToZip(ctx context.Context, zipWriter *zip.Writer) error {
-	return s.storage.Walk(ctx, "/", func(p storage.ObjectInfo) error {
-		zipPath := filepath.Join("uploads", p.Path)
-
-		w, err := zipWriter.Create(zipPath)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create zip entry for %s: %w", zipPath, err)
-		}
-
-		f, _, err := s.storage.Open(ctx, p.Path)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to open file %s: %w", zipPath, err)
-		}
-		defer f.Close()
-
-		if _, err := io.Copy(w, f); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to copy file %s into zip: %w", zipPath, err)
-		}
-		return nil
-	})
-}
--- a/backend/internal/service/import_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/import_service.go
@@ -1,264 +0,0 @@
-package service
-
-import (
-	"archive/zip"
-	"bytes"
-	"context"
-	"encoding/base64"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"slices"
-	"strings"
-
-	"gorm.io/gorm"
-
-	datatype "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model/types"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/storage"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
-)
-
-// ImportService handles importing Pocket ID data from an exported ZIP archive.
-type ImportService struct {
-	db      *gorm.DB
-	storage storage.FileStorage
-}
-
-type DatabaseExport struct {
-	Provider   string                      `json:"provider"`
-	Version    uint                        `json:"version"`
-	Tables     map[string][]map[string]any `json:"tables"`
-	TableOrder []string                    `json:"tableOrder"`
-}
-
-func NewImportService(db *gorm.DB, storage storage.FileStorage) *ImportService {
-	return &ImportService{
-		db:      db,
-		storage: storage,
-	}
-}
-
-// ImportFromZip performs the full import process from the given ZIP reader.
-func (s *ImportService) ImportFromZip(ctx context.Context, r *zip.Reader) error {
-	dbData, err := processZipDatabaseJson(r.File)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	err = s.ImportDatabase(dbData)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	err = s.importUploads(ctx, r.File)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// ImportDatabase only imports the database data from the given DatabaseExport struct.
-func (s *ImportService) ImportDatabase(dbData DatabaseExport) error {
-	err := s.resetSchema(dbData.Version, dbData.Provider)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	err = s.insertData(dbData)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// processZipDatabaseJson extracts database.json from the ZIP archive
-func processZipDatabaseJson(files []*zip.File) (dbData DatabaseExport, err error) {
-	for _, f := range files {
-		if f.Name == "database.json" {
-			return parseDatabaseJsonStream(f)
-		}
-	}
-	return dbData, errors.New("database.json not found in the ZIP file")
-}
-
-func parseDatabaseJsonStream(f *zip.File) (dbData DatabaseExport, err error) {
-	rc, err := f.Open()
-	if err != nil {
-		return dbData, fmt.Errorf("failed to open database.json: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer rc.Close()
-
-	err = json.NewDecoder(rc).Decode(&dbData)
-	if err != nil {
-		return dbData, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode database.json: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return dbData, nil
-}
-
-// importUploads imports files from the uploads/ directory in the ZIP archive
-func (s *ImportService) importUploads(ctx context.Context, files []*zip.File) error {
-	const maxFileSize = 50 << 20 // 50 MiB
-	const uploadsPrefix = "uploads/"
-
-	for _, f := range files {
-		if !strings.HasPrefix(f.Name, uploadsPrefix) {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if f.UncompressedSize64 > maxFileSize {
-			return fmt.Errorf("file %s too large (%d bytes)", f.Name, f.UncompressedSize64)
-		}
-
-		targetPath := strings.TrimPrefix(f.Name, uploadsPrefix)
-		if strings.HasSuffix(f.Name, "/") || targetPath == "" {
-			continue // Skip directories
-		}
-
-		err := s.storage.DeleteAll(ctx, targetPath)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete existing file %s: %w", targetPath, err)
-		}
-
-		rc, err := f.Open()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		buf, err := io.ReadAll(rc)
-		rc.Close()
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("read file %s: %w", f.Name, err)
-		}
-
-		err = s.storage.Save(ctx, targetPath, bytes.NewReader(buf))
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to save file %s: %w", targetPath, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// resetSchema drops the existing schema and migrates to the target version
-func (s *ImportService) resetSchema(targetVersion uint, exportDbProvider string) error {
-	sqlDb, err := s.db.DB()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get sql.DB: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	m, err := utils.GetEmbeddedMigrateInstance(sqlDb)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get migrate instance: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	err = m.Drop()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to drop existing schema: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Needs to be called again to re-create the schema_migrations table
-	m, err = utils.GetEmbeddedMigrateInstance(sqlDb)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get migrate instance: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	err = m.Migrate(targetVersion)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("migration failed: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// insertData populates the DB with the imported data
-func (s *ImportService) insertData(dbData DatabaseExport) error {
-	schema, err := utils.LoadDBSchemaTypes(s.db)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load schema types: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return s.db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
-		// Iterate through all tables
-		// Some tables need to be processed in order
-		tables := make([]string, 0, len(dbData.Tables))
-		tables = append(tables, dbData.TableOrder...)
-
-		for t := range dbData.Tables {
-			// Skip tables already present where the order matters
-			// Also skip the schema_migrations table
-			if slices.Contains(dbData.TableOrder, t) || t == "schema_migrations" {
-				continue
-			}
-			tables = append(tables, t)
-		}
-
-		// Insert rows
-		for _, table := range tables {
-			for _, row := range dbData.Tables[table] {
-				err = normalizeRowWithSchema(row, table, schema)
-				if err != nil {
-					return fmt.Errorf("failed to normalize row for table '%s': %w", table, err)
-				}
-				err = tx.Table(table).Create(row).Error
-				if err != nil {
-					return fmt.Errorf("failed inserting into table '%s': %w", table, err)
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		return nil
-	})
-}
-
-// normalizeRowWithSchema converts row values based on the DB schema
-func normalizeRowWithSchema(row map[string]any, table string, schema utils.DBSchemaTypes) error {
-	if schema[table] == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("schema not found for table '%s'", table)
-	}
-
-	for col, val := range row {
-		if val == nil {
-			// If the value is nil, skip the column
-			continue
-		}
-
-		colType := schema[table][col]
-
-		switch colType.Name {
-		case "timestamp", "timestamptz", "timestamp with time zone", "datetime":
-			// Dates are stored as strings
-			str, ok := val.(string)
-			if !ok {
-				return fmt.Errorf("value for column '%s/%s' was expected to be a string, but was '%T'", table, col, val)
-			}
-			d, err := datatype.DateTimeFromString(str)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to decode value for column '%s/%s' as timestamp: %w", table, col, err)
-			}
-			row[col] = d
-
-		case "blob", "bytea", "jsonb":
-			// Binary data and jsonb data is stored in the file as base64-encoded string
-			str, ok := val.(string)
-			if !ok {
-				return fmt.Errorf("value for column '%s/%s' was expected to be a string, but was '%T'", table, col, val)
-			}
-			b, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(str)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to decode value for column '%s/%s' from base64: %w", table, col, err)
-			}
-
-			// For jsonb, we additionally cast to json.RawMessage
-			if colType.Name == "jsonb" {
-				row[col] = json.RawMessage(b)
-			} else {
-				row[col] = b
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
--- a/backend/internal/service/jwt_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/jwt_service.go
@@ -18,6 +18,14 @@ import (
 )

 const (
+	// PrivateKeyFile is the path in the data/keys folder where the key is stored
+	// This is a JSON file containing a key encoded as JWK
+	PrivateKeyFile = "jwt_private_key.json"
+
+	// PrivateKeyFileEncrypted is the path in the data/keys folder where the encrypted key is stored
+	// This is a encrypted JSON file containing a key encoded as JWK
+	PrivateKeyFileEncrypted = "jwt_private_key.json.enc"
+
 	// KeyUsageSigning is the usage for the private keys, for the "use" property
 	KeyUsageSigning = "sig"

@@ -48,7 +56,6 @@ const (
 )

 type JwtService struct {
-	db               *gorm.DB
 	envConfig        *common.EnvConfigSchema
 	privateKey       jwk.Key
 	keyId            string
@@ -59,6 +66,7 @@ type JwtService struct {
 func NewJwtService(db *gorm.DB, appConfigService *AppConfigService) (*JwtService, error) {
 	service := &JwtService{}

+	// Ensure keys are generated or loaded
 	err := service.init(db, appConfigService, &common.EnvConfig)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -70,15 +78,14 @@ func NewJwtService(db *gorm.DB, appConfigService *AppConfigService) (*JwtService
 func (s *JwtService) init(db *gorm.DB, appConfigService *AppConfigService, envConfig *common.EnvConfigSchema) (err error) {
 	s.appConfigService = appConfigService
 	s.envConfig = envConfig
-	s.db = db

 	// Ensure keys are generated or loaded
-	return s.LoadOrGenerateKey()
+	return s.loadOrGenerateKey(db)
 }

-func (s *JwtService) LoadOrGenerateKey() error {
+func (s *JwtService) loadOrGenerateKey(db *gorm.DB) error {
 	// Get the key provider
-	keyProvider, err := jwkutils.GetKeyProvider(s.db, s.envConfig, s.appConfigService.GetDbConfig().InstanceID.Value)
+	keyProvider, err := jwkutils.GetKeyProvider(db, s.envConfig, s.appConfigService.GetDbConfig().InstanceID.Value)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get key provider: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -86,7 +93,7 @@ func (s *JwtService) LoadOrGenerateKey() error {
 	// Try loading a key
 	key, err := keyProvider.LoadKey()
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load key: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load key (provider type '%s'): %w", s.envConfig.KeysStorage, err)
 	}

 	// If we have a key, store it in the object and we're done
@@ -107,7 +114,7 @@ func (s *JwtService) LoadOrGenerateKey() error {
 	// Save the newly-generated key
 	err = keyProvider.SaveKey(s.privateKey)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to save private key: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to save private key (provider type '%s'): %w", s.envConfig.KeysStorage, err)
 	}

 	return nil
--- a/backend/internal/service/jwt_service_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/jwt_service_test.go
--- a/backend/internal/service/ldap_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/ldap_service.go
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ func (s *LdapService) SyncUsers(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, client *ldap.C
 		// Check if user is admin by checking if they are in the admin group
 		isAdmin := false
 		for _, group := range value.GetAttributeValues("memberOf") {
-			if getDNProperty(dbConfig.LdapAttributeGroupName.Value, group) == dbConfig.LdapAdminGroupName.Value {
+			if getDNProperty(dbConfig.LdapAttributeGroupName.Value, group) == dbConfig.LdapAttributeAdminGroup.Value {
 				isAdmin = true
 				break
 			}
--- a/backend/internal/service/oidc_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/oidc_service.go
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ func (s *OidcService) hasAuthorizedClientInternal(ctx context.Context, clientID,

 // IsUserGroupAllowedToAuthorize checks if the user group of the user is allowed to authorize the client
 func (s *OidcService) IsUserGroupAllowedToAuthorize(user model.User, client model.OidcClient) bool {
-	if len(client.AllowedUserGroups) == 0 {
+	if !client.IsGroupRestricted {
 		return true
 	}

@@ -816,6 +816,7 @@ func updateOIDCClientModelFromDto(client *model.OidcClient, input *dto.OidcClien
 	client.PkceEnabled = input.IsPublic || input.PkceEnabled
 	client.RequiresReauthentication = input.RequiresReauthentication
 	client.LaunchURL = input.LaunchURL
+	client.IsGroupRestricted = input.IsGroupRestricted

 	// Credentials
 	client.Credentials.FederatedIdentities = make([]model.OidcClientFederatedIdentity, len(input.Credentials.FederatedIdentities))
@@ -1433,6 +1434,7 @@ func (s *OidcService) GetAllowedGroupsCountOfClient(ctx context.Context, id stri
 }

 func (s *OidcService) ListAuthorizedClients(ctx context.Context, userID string, listRequestOptions utils.ListRequestOptions) ([]model.UserAuthorizedOidcClient, utils.PaginationResponse, error) {
+
 	query := s.db.
 		WithContext(ctx).
 		Model(&model.UserAuthorizedOidcClient{}).
@@ -2122,106 +2124,3 @@ func (s *OidcService) updateClientLogoType(ctx context.Context, clientID string,

 	return nil
 }
-
-func (s *OidcService) CreateAPI(ctx context.Context, input dto.OidcAPICreateDto) (model.OidcAPI, error) {
-	api := model.OidcAPI{
-		Name: input.Name,
-	}
-
-	err := s.db.
-		WithContext(ctx).
-		Create(&api).
-		Error
-	if err != nil {
-		return model.OidcAPI{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to create API in database: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return api, nil
-}
-
-func (s *OidcService) GetAPI(ctx context.Context, id string) (model.OidcAPI, error) {
-	var api model.OidcAPI
-	err := s.db.
-		WithContext(ctx).
-		First(&api, "id = ?", id).
-		Error
-	if err != nil {
-		return model.OidcAPI{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to get API from database: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return api, nil
-}
-
-func (s *OidcService) ListAPIs(ctx context.Context, searchTerm string, listRequestOptions utils.ListRequestOptions) ([]model.OidcAPI, utils.PaginationResponse, error) {
-	var apis []model.OidcAPI
-
-	query := s.db.
-		WithContext(ctx).
-		Model(&model.OidcAPI{})
-
-	if searchTerm != "" {
-		query = query.Where("id = ? OR name = ? OR identifier = ?", searchTerm, searchTerm, searchTerm)
-	}
-
-	response, err := utils.PaginateFilterAndSort(listRequestOptions, query, &apis)
-	return apis, response, err
-}
-
-func (s *OidcService) UpdateAPI(ctx context.Context, id string, input dto.OidcAPIUpdateDto) (model.OidcAPI, error) {
-	tx := s.db.Begin()
-	defer func() {
-		tx.Rollback()
-	}()
-
-	var api model.OidcAPI
-	err := tx.
-		WithContext(ctx).
-		First(&api, "id = ?", id).
-		Error
-	if err != nil {
-		return model.OidcAPI{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to get API from database: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	api.Name = input.Name
-	api.Identifier = input.Identifier
-
-	// Convert permissions from DTO to model
-	api.Data.Permissions = make([]model.OidcAPIPermission, len(input.Permissions))
-	for i, p := range input.Permissions {
-		api.Data.Permissions[i] = model.OidcAPIPermission{
-			Name:        p.Name,
-			Description: p.Description,
-		}
-	}
-
-	err = tx.
-		WithContext(ctx).
-		Save(&api).
-		Error
-	if err != nil {
-		return model.OidcAPI{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to save API in database: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	err = tx.Commit().Error
-	if err != nil {
-		return model.OidcAPI{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to commit transaction: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return api, nil
-}
-
-func (s *OidcService) DeleteAPI(ctx context.Context, id string) error {
-	result := s.db.
-		WithContext(ctx).
-		Delete(&model.OidcAPI{}, "id = ?", id)
-
-	if result.Error != nil {
-		return result.Error
-	}
-
-	if result.RowsAffected == 0 {
-		return gorm.ErrRecordNotFound
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
--- a/backend/internal/service/oidc_service_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/oidc_service_test.go
@@ -148,7 +148,6 @@ func TestOidcService_verifyClientCredentialsInternal(t *testing.T) {
 	var err error
 	// Create a test database
 	db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
-	common.EnvConfig.EncryptionKey = []byte("0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef")

 	// Create two JWKs for testing
 	privateJWK, jwkSetJSON := generateTestECDSAKey(t)
--- a/backend/internal/service/user_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/user_service.go
@@ -253,6 +253,18 @@ func (s *UserService) createUserInternal(ctx context.Context, input dto.UserCrea
 		return model.User{}, &common.UserEmailNotSetError{}
 	}

+	var userGroups []model.UserGroup
+	if len(input.UserGroupIds) > 0 {
+		err := tx.
+			WithContext(ctx).
+			Where("id IN ?", input.UserGroupIds).
+			Find(&userGroups).
+			Error
+		if err != nil {
+			return model.User{}, err
+		}
+	}
+
 	user := model.User{
 		FirstName:   input.FirstName,
 		LastName:    input.LastName,
@@ -262,6 +274,7 @@ func (s *UserService) createUserInternal(ctx context.Context, input dto.UserCrea
 		IsAdmin:     input.IsAdmin,
 		Locale:      input.Locale,
 		Disabled:    input.Disabled,
+		UserGroups:  userGroups,
 	}
 	if input.LdapID != "" {
 		user.LdapID = &input.LdapID
@@ -285,7 +298,13 @@ func (s *UserService) createUserInternal(ctx context.Context, input dto.UserCrea

 	// Apply default groups and claims for new non-LDAP users
 	if !isLdapSync {
-		if err := s.applySignupDefaults(ctx, &user, tx); err != nil {
+		if len(input.UserGroupIds) == 0 {
+			if err := s.applyDefaultGroups(ctx, &user, tx); err != nil {
+				return model.User{}, err
+			}
+		}
+
+		if err := s.applyDefaultCustomClaims(ctx, &user, tx); err != nil {
 			return model.User{}, err
 		}
 	}
@@ -293,10 +312,9 @@ func (s *UserService) createUserInternal(ctx context.Context, input dto.UserCrea
 	return user, nil
 }

-func (s *UserService) applySignupDefaults(ctx context.Context, user *model.User, tx *gorm.DB) error {
+func (s *UserService) applyDefaultGroups(ctx context.Context, user *model.User, tx *gorm.DB) error {
 	config := s.appConfigService.GetDbConfig()

-	// Apply default user groups
 	var groupIDs []string
 	v := config.SignupDefaultUserGroupIDs.Value
 	if v != "" && v != "[]" {
@@ -323,10 +341,14 @@ func (s *UserService) applySignupDefaults(ctx context.Context, user *model.User,
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *UserService) applyDefaultCustomClaims(ctx context.Context, user *model.User, tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	config := s.appConfigService.GetDbConfig()

-	// Apply default custom claims
 	var claims []dto.CustomClaimCreateDto
-	v = config.SignupDefaultCustomClaims.Value
+	v := config.SignupDefaultCustomClaims.Value
 	if v != "" && v != "[]" {
 		err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(v), &claims)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -432,28 +454,36 @@ func (s *UserService) RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsAdmin(ctx context.Context, user
 		return &common.OneTimeAccessDisabledError{}
 	}

-	return s.requestOneTimeAccessEmailInternal(ctx, userID, "", ttl)
+	_, err := s.requestOneTimeAccessEmailInternal(ctx, userID, "", ttl, true)
+	return err
 }

-func (s *UserService) RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsUnauthenticatedUser(ctx context.Context, userID, redirectPath string) error {
+func (s *UserService) RequestOneTimeAccessEmailAsUnauthenticatedUser(ctx context.Context, userID, redirectPath string) (string, error) {
 	isDisabled := !s.appConfigService.GetDbConfig().EmailOneTimeAccessAsUnauthenticatedEnabled.IsTrue()
 	if isDisabled {
-		return &common.OneTimeAccessDisabledError{}
+		return "", &common.OneTimeAccessDisabledError{}
 	}

 	var userId string
 	err := s.db.Model(&model.User{}).Select("id").Where("email = ?", userID).First(&userId).Error
 	if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 		// Do not return error if user not found to prevent email enumeration
-		return nil
+		return "", nil
 	} else if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return "", err
 	}

-	return s.requestOneTimeAccessEmailInternal(ctx, userId, redirectPath, 15*time.Minute)
+	deviceToken, err := s.requestOneTimeAccessEmailInternal(ctx, userId, redirectPath, 15*time.Minute, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	} else if deviceToken == nil {
+		return "", errors.New("device token expected but not returned")
+	}
+
+	return *deviceToken, nil
 }

-func (s *UserService) requestOneTimeAccessEmailInternal(ctx context.Context, userID, redirectPath string, ttl time.Duration) error {
+func (s *UserService) requestOneTimeAccessEmailInternal(ctx context.Context, userID, redirectPath string, ttl time.Duration, withDeviceToken bool) (*string, error) {
 	tx := s.db.Begin()
 	defer func() {
 		tx.Rollback()
@@ -461,21 +491,20 @@ func (s *UserService) requestOneTimeAccessEmailInternal(ctx context.Context, use

 	user, err := s.GetUser(ctx, userID)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return nil, err
 	}

 	if user.Email == nil {
-		return &common.UserEmailNotSetError{}
+		return nil, &common.UserEmailNotSetError{}
 	}

-	oneTimeAccessToken, err := s.createOneTimeAccessTokenInternal(ctx, user.ID, ttl, tx)
+	oneTimeAccessToken, deviceToken, err := s.createOneTimeAccessTokenInternal(ctx, user.ID, ttl, withDeviceToken, tx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return nil, err
 	}
-
 	err = tx.Commit().Error
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return nil, err
 	}

 	// We use a background context here as this is running in a goroutine
@@ -508,28 +537,29 @@ func (s *UserService) requestOneTimeAccessEmailInternal(ctx context.Context, use
 		}
 	}()

-	return nil
+	return deviceToken, nil
 }

-func (s *UserService) CreateOneTimeAccessToken(ctx context.Context, userID string, ttl time.Duration) (string, error) {
-	return s.createOneTimeAccessTokenInternal(ctx, userID, ttl, s.db)
+func (s *UserService) CreateOneTimeAccessToken(ctx context.Context, userID string, ttl time.Duration) (token string, err error) {
+	token, _, err = s.createOneTimeAccessTokenInternal(ctx, userID, ttl, false, s.db)
+	return token, err
 }

-func (s *UserService) createOneTimeAccessTokenInternal(ctx context.Context, userID string, ttl time.Duration, tx *gorm.DB) (string, error) {
-	oneTimeAccessToken, err := NewOneTimeAccessToken(userID, ttl)
+func (s *UserService) createOneTimeAccessTokenInternal(ctx context.Context, userID string, ttl time.Duration, withDeviceToken bool, tx *gorm.DB) (token string, deviceToken *string, err error) {
+	oneTimeAccessToken, err := NewOneTimeAccessToken(userID, ttl, withDeviceToken)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return "", nil, err
 	}

 	err = tx.WithContext(ctx).Create(oneTimeAccessToken).Error
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return "", nil, err
 	}

-	return oneTimeAccessToken.Token, nil
+	return oneTimeAccessToken.Token, oneTimeAccessToken.DeviceToken, nil
 }

-func (s *UserService) ExchangeOneTimeAccessToken(ctx context.Context, token string, ipAddress, userAgent string) (model.User, string, error) {
+func (s *UserService) ExchangeOneTimeAccessToken(ctx context.Context, token, deviceToken, ipAddress, userAgent string) (model.User, string, error) {
 	tx := s.db.Begin()
 	defer func() {
 		tx.Rollback()
@@ -549,6 +579,10 @@ func (s *UserService) ExchangeOneTimeAccessToken(ctx context.Context, token stri
 		}
 		return model.User{}, "", err
 	}
+	if oneTimeAccessToken.DeviceToken != nil && deviceToken != *oneTimeAccessToken.DeviceToken {
+		return model.User{}, "", &common.DeviceCodeInvalid{}
+	}
+
 	accessToken, err := s.jwtService.GenerateAccessToken(oneTimeAccessToken.User)
 	if err != nil {
 		return model.User{}, "", err
@@ -715,12 +749,22 @@ func (s *UserService) disableUserInternal(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, user
 		Error
 }

-func (s *UserService) CreateSignupToken(ctx context.Context, ttl time.Duration, usageLimit int) (model.SignupToken, error) {
+func (s *UserService) CreateSignupToken(ctx context.Context, ttl time.Duration, usageLimit int, userGroupIDs []string) (model.SignupToken, error) {
 	signupToken, err := NewSignupToken(ttl, usageLimit)
 	if err != nil {
 		return model.SignupToken{}, err
 	}

+	var userGroups []model.UserGroup
+	err = s.db.WithContext(ctx).
+		Where("id IN ?", userGroupIDs).
+		Find(&userGroups).
+		Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return model.SignupToken{}, err
+	}
+	signupToken.UserGroups = userGroups
+
 	err = s.db.WithContext(ctx).Create(signupToken).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		return model.SignupToken{}, err
@@ -743,9 +787,11 @@ func (s *UserService) SignUp(ctx context.Context, signupData dto.SignUpDto, ipAd
 	}

 	var signupToken model.SignupToken
+	var userGroupIDs []string
 	if tokenProvided {
 		err := tx.
 			WithContext(ctx).
+			Preload("UserGroups").
 			Where("token = ?", signupData.Token).
 			Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: "UPDATE"}).
 			First(&signupToken).
@@ -760,14 +806,19 @@ func (s *UserService) SignUp(ctx context.Context, signupData dto.SignUpDto, ipAd
 		if !signupToken.IsValid() {
 			return model.User{}, "", &common.TokenInvalidOrExpiredError{}
 		}
+
+		for _, group := range signupToken.UserGroups {
+			userGroupIDs = append(userGroupIDs, group.ID)
+		}
 	}

 	userToCreate := dto.UserCreateDto{
-		Username:    signupData.Username,
-		Email:       signupData.Email,
-		FirstName:   signupData.FirstName,
-		LastName:    signupData.LastName,
-		DisplayName: strings.TrimSpace(signupData.FirstName + " " + signupData.LastName),
+		Username:     signupData.Username,
+		Email:        signupData.Email,
+		FirstName:    signupData.FirstName,
+		LastName:     signupData.LastName,
+		DisplayName:  strings.TrimSpace(signupData.FirstName + " " + signupData.LastName),
+		UserGroupIds: userGroupIDs,
 	}

 	user, err := s.createUserInternal(ctx, userToCreate, false, tx)
@@ -808,7 +859,7 @@ func (s *UserService) SignUp(ctx context.Context, signupData dto.SignUpDto, ipAd

 func (s *UserService) ListSignupTokens(ctx context.Context, listRequestOptions utils.ListRequestOptions) ([]model.SignupToken, utils.PaginationResponse, error) {
 	var tokens []model.SignupToken
-	query := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&model.SignupToken{})
+	query := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Preload("UserGroups").Model(&model.SignupToken{})

 	pagination, err := utils.PaginateFilterAndSort(listRequestOptions, query, &tokens)
 	return tokens, pagination, err
@@ -818,23 +869,33 @@ func (s *UserService) DeleteSignupToken(ctx context.Context, tokenID string) err
 	return s.db.WithContext(ctx).Delete(&model.SignupToken{}, "id = ?", tokenID).Error
 }

-func NewOneTimeAccessToken(userID string, ttl time.Duration) (*model.OneTimeAccessToken, error) {
+func NewOneTimeAccessToken(userID string, ttl time.Duration, withDeviceToken bool) (*model.OneTimeAccessToken, error) {
 	// If expires at is less than 15 minutes, use a 6-character token instead of 16
 	tokenLength := 16
 	if ttl <= 15*time.Minute {
 		tokenLength = 6
 	}

-	randomString, err := utils.GenerateRandomAlphanumericString(tokenLength)
+	token, err := utils.GenerateRandomAlphanumericString(tokenLength)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}

+	var deviceToken *string
+	if withDeviceToken {
+		dt, err := utils.GenerateRandomAlphanumericString(16)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		deviceToken = &dt
+	}
+
 	now := time.Now().Round(time.Second)
 	o := &model.OneTimeAccessToken{
-		UserID:    userID,
-		ExpiresAt: datatype.DateTime(now.Add(ttl)),
-		Token:     randomString,
+		UserID:      userID,
+		ExpiresAt:   datatype.DateTime(now.Add(ttl)),
+		Token:       token,
+		DeviceToken: deviceToken,
 	}

 	return o, nil
--- a/backend/internal/utils/cookie/add_cookie.go
+++ b/backend/internal/utils/cookie/add_cookie.go
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package cookie

 import (
+	"time"
+
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 )

@@ -11,3 +13,7 @@ func AddAccessTokenCookie(c *gin.Context, maxAgeInSeconds int, token string) {
 func AddSessionIdCookie(c *gin.Context, maxAgeInSeconds int, sessionID string) {
 	c.SetCookie(SessionIdCookieName, sessionID, maxAgeInSeconds, "/", "", true, true)
 }
+
+func AddDeviceTokenCookie(c *gin.Context, deviceToken string) {
+	c.SetCookie(DeviceTokenCookieName, deviceToken, int(15*time.Minute.Seconds()), "/api/one-time-access-token", "", true, true)
+}
--- a/backend/internal/utils/cookie/cookie_names.go
+++ b/backend/internal/utils/cookie/cookie_names.go
@@ -8,10 +8,12 @@ import (

 var AccessTokenCookieName = "__Host-access_token"
 var SessionIdCookieName = "__Host-session"
+var DeviceTokenCookieName = "__Host-device_token" //nolint:gosec

 func init() {
 	if strings.HasPrefix(common.EnvConfig.AppURL, "http://") {
 		AccessTokenCookieName = "access_token"
 		SessionIdCookieName = "session"
+		DeviceTokenCookieName = "device_token"
 	}
 }
--- a/backend/internal/utils/db_migration_util.go
+++ b/backend/internal/utils/db_migration_util.go
@@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
-package utils
-
-import (
-	"database/sql"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"log/slog"
-
-	"github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4"
-	"github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/database"
-	postgresMigrate "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/database/postgres"
-	sqliteMigrate "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/database/sqlite3"
-	"github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/source/iofs"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
-	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/resources"
-)
-
-// MigrateDatabase applies database migrations using embedded migration files or fetches them from GitHub if a downgrade is detected.
-func MigrateDatabase(sqlDb *sql.DB) error {
-	m, err := GetEmbeddedMigrateInstance(sqlDb)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get migrate instance: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	path := "migrations/" + string(common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)
-	requiredVersion, err := getRequiredMigrationVersion(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get last migration version: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	currentVersion, _, _ := m.Version()
-	if currentVersion > requiredVersion {
-		slog.Warn("Database version is newer than the application supports, possible downgrade detected", slog.Uint64("db_version", uint64(currentVersion)), slog.Uint64("app_version", uint64(requiredVersion)))
-		if !common.EnvConfig.AllowDowngrade {
-			return fmt.Errorf("database version (%d) is newer than application version (%d), downgrades are not allowed (set ALLOW_DOWNGRADE=true to enable)", currentVersion, requiredVersion)
-		}
-		slog.Info("Fetching migrations from GitHub to handle possible downgrades")
-		return migrateDatabaseFromGitHub(sqlDb, requiredVersion)
-	}
-
-	if err := m.Migrate(requiredVersion); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, migrate.ErrNoChange) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to apply embedded migrations: %w", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// GetEmbeddedMigrateInstance creates a migrate.Migrate instance using embedded migration files.
-func GetEmbeddedMigrateInstance(sqlDb *sql.DB) (*migrate.Migrate, error) {
-	path := "migrations/" + string(common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)
-	source, err := iofs.New(resources.FS, path)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create embedded migration source: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	driver, err := newMigrationDriver(sqlDb, common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create migration driver: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	m, err := migrate.NewWithInstance("iofs", source, "pocket-id", driver)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create migration instance: %w", err)
-	}
-	return m, nil
-}
-
-// newMigrationDriver creates a database.Driver instance based on the given database provider.
-func newMigrationDriver(sqlDb *sql.DB, dbProvider common.DbProvider) (driver database.Driver, err error) {
-	switch dbProvider {
-	case common.DbProviderSqlite:
-		driver, err = sqliteMigrate.WithInstance(sqlDb, &sqliteMigrate.Config{
-			NoTxWrap: true,
-		})
-	case common.DbProviderPostgres:
-		driver, err = postgresMigrate.WithInstance(sqlDb, &postgresMigrate.Config{})
-	default:
-		// Should never happen at this point
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported database provider: %s", common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create migration driver: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return driver, nil
-}
-
-// migrateDatabaseFromGitHub applies database migrations fetched from GitHub to handle downgrades.
-func migrateDatabaseFromGitHub(sqlDb *sql.DB, version uint) error {
-	srcURL := "github://pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/resources/migrations/" + string(common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)
-
-	driver, err := newMigrationDriver(sqlDb, common.EnvConfig.DbProvider)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create migration driver: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	m, err := migrate.NewWithDatabaseInstance(srcURL, "pocket-id", driver)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create GitHub migration instance: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := m.Migrate(version); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, migrate.ErrNoChange) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to apply GitHub migrations: %w", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// getRequiredMigrationVersion reads the embedded migration files and returns the highest version number found.
-func getRequiredMigrationVersion(path string) (uint, error) {
-	entries, err := resources.FS.ReadDir(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to read migration directory: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	var maxVersion uint
-	for _, entry := range entries {
-		if entry.IsDir() {
-			continue
-		}
-		name := entry.Name()
-		var version uint
-		n, err := fmt.Sscanf(name, "%d_", &version)
-		if err == nil && n == 1 {
-			if version > maxVersion {
-				maxVersion = version
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return maxVersion, nil
-}
--- a/backend/internal/utils/db_util.go
+++ b/backend/internal/utils/db_util.go
@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-package utils
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"strings"
-
-	"gorm.io/gorm"
-)
-
-// DBTableExists checks if a table exists in the database
-func DBTableExists(db *gorm.DB, tableName string) (exists bool, err error) {
-	switch db.Name() {
-	case "postgres":
-		query := `SELECT EXISTS (
-			SELECT FROM information_schema.tables 
-			WHERE table_schema = 'public' 
-			AND table_name = ?
-		)`
-		err = db.Raw(query, tableName).Scan(&exists).Error
-		if err != nil {
-			return false, err
-		}
-	case "sqlite":
-		query := `SELECT COUNT(*) > 0 FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name=?`
-		err = db.Raw(query, tableName).Scan(&exists).Error
-		if err != nil {
-			return false, err
-		}
-	default:
-		return false, fmt.Errorf("unsupported database dialect: %s", db.Name())
-	}
-
-	return exists, nil
-}
-
-type DBSchemaColumn struct {
-	Name     string
-	Nullable bool
-}
-type DBSchemaTableTypes = map[string]DBSchemaColumn
-type DBSchemaTypes = map[string]DBSchemaTableTypes
-
-// LoadDBSchemaTypes retrieves the column types for all tables in the DB
-// Result is a map of "table --> column --> {name: column type name, nullable: boolean}"
-func LoadDBSchemaTypes(db *gorm.DB) (result DBSchemaTypes, err error) {
-	result = make(DBSchemaTypes)
-
-	switch db.Name() {
-	case "postgres":
-		var rows []struct {
-			TableName  string
-			ColumnName string
-			DataType   string
-			Nullable   bool
-		}
-		err := db.
-			Raw(`
-				SELECT table_name, column_name, data_type, is_nullable = 'YES' AS nullable
-				FROM information_schema.columns
-				WHERE table_schema = 'public';
-			`).
-			Scan(&rows).
-			Error
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		for _, r := range rows {
-			t := strings.ToLower(r.DataType)
-			if result[r.TableName] == nil {
-				result[r.TableName] = make(map[string]DBSchemaColumn)
-			}
-			result[r.TableName][r.ColumnName] = DBSchemaColumn{
-				Name:     strings.ToLower(t),
-				Nullable: r.Nullable,
-			}
-		}
-
-	case "sqlite":
-		var tables []string
-		err = db.
-			Raw(`SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%';`).
-			Scan(&tables).
-			Error
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		for _, table := range tables {
-			var cols []struct {
-				Name    string
-				Type    string
-				Notnull bool
-			}
-			err := db.
-				Raw(`PRAGMA table_info("` + table + `");`).
-				Scan(&cols).
-				Error
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			for _, c := range cols {
-				if result[table] == nil {
-					result[table] = make(map[string]DBSchemaColumn)
-				}
-				result[table][c.Name] = DBSchemaColumn{
-					Name:     strings.ToLower(c.Type),
-					Nullable: !c.Notnull,
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported database dialect: %s", db.Name())
-	}
-
-	return result, nil
-}
--- a/backend/internal/utils/jwk/key_provider.go
+++ b/backend/internal/utils/jwk/key_provider.go
@@ -28,14 +28,22 @@ func GetKeyProvider(db *gorm.DB, envConfig *common.EnvConfigSchema, instanceID s
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load encryption key: %w", err)
 	}

-	keyProvider = &KeyProviderDatabase{}
+	// Get the key provider
+	switch envConfig.KeysStorage {
+	case "file", "":
+		keyProvider = &KeyProviderFile{}
+	case "database":
+		keyProvider = &KeyProviderDatabase{}
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid key storage '%s'", envConfig.KeysStorage)
+	}
 	err = keyProvider.Init(KeyProviderOpts{
 		DB:        db,
 		EnvConfig: envConfig,
 		Kek:       kek,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to init key provider: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to init key provider of type '%s': %w", envConfig.KeysStorage, err)
 	}

 	return keyProvider, nil
--- a/backend/internal/utils/jwk/key_provider_file.go
+++ b/backend/internal/utils/jwk/key_provider_file.go
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+package jwk
+
+import (
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3/jwk"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+	cryptoutils "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/crypto"
+)
+
+const (
+	// PrivateKeyFile is the path in the data/keys folder where the key is stored
+	// This is a JSON file containing a key encoded as JWK
+	PrivateKeyFile = "jwt_private_key.json"
+
+	// PrivateKeyFileEncrypted is the path in the data/keys folder where the encrypted key is stored
+	// This is a encrypted JSON file containing a key encoded as JWK
+	PrivateKeyFileEncrypted = "jwt_private_key.json.enc"
+)
+
+type KeyProviderFile struct {
+	envConfig *common.EnvConfigSchema
+	kek       []byte
+}
+
+func (f *KeyProviderFile) Init(opts KeyProviderOpts) error {
+	f.envConfig = opts.EnvConfig
+	f.kek = opts.Kek
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *KeyProviderFile) LoadKey() (jwk.Key, error) {
+	if len(f.kek) > 0 {
+		return f.loadEncryptedKey()
+	}
+	return f.loadKey()
+}
+
+func (f *KeyProviderFile) SaveKey(key jwk.Key) error {
+	if len(f.kek) > 0 {
+		return f.saveKeyEncrypted(key)
+	}
+	return f.saveKey(key)
+}
+
+func (f *KeyProviderFile) loadKey() (jwk.Key, error) {
+	var key jwk.Key
+
+	// First, check if we have a JWK file
+	// If we do, then we just load that
+	jwkPath := f.jwkPath()
+	ok, err := utils.FileExists(jwkPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to check if private key file exists at path '%s': %w", jwkPath, err)
+	}
+	if !ok {
+		// File doesn't exist, no key was loaded
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(jwkPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read private key file at path '%s': %w", jwkPath, err)
+	}
+
+	key, err = jwk.ParseKey(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse private key file at path '%s': %w", jwkPath, err)
+	}
+
+	return key, nil
+}
+
+func (f *KeyProviderFile) loadEncryptedKey() (key jwk.Key, err error) {
+	// First, check if we have an encrypted JWK file
+	// If we do, then we just load that
+	encJwkPath := f.encJwkPath()
+	ok, err := utils.FileExists(encJwkPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to check if encrypted private key file exists at path '%s': %w", encJwkPath, err)
+	}
+	if ok {
+		encB64, err := os.ReadFile(encJwkPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read encrypted private key file at path '%s': %w", encJwkPath, err)
+		}
+
+		// Decode from base64
+		enc := make([]byte, base64.StdEncoding.DecodedLen(len(encB64)))
+		n, err := base64.StdEncoding.Decode(enc, encB64)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read encrypted private key file at path '%s': not a valid base64-encoded file: %w", encJwkPath, err)
+		}
+
+		// Decrypt the data
+		data, err := cryptoutils.Decrypt(f.kek, enc[:n], nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decrypt private key file at path '%s': %w", encJwkPath, err)
+		}
+
+		// Parse the key
+		key, err = jwk.ParseKey(data)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse encrypted private key file at path '%s': %w", encJwkPath, err)
+		}
+
+		return key, nil
+	}
+
+	// Check if we have an un-encrypted JWK file
+	key, err = f.loadKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load un-encrypted key file: %w", err)
+	}
+	if key == nil {
+		// No key exists, encrypted or un-encrypted
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	// If we are here, we have loaded a key that was un-encrypted
+	// We need to replace the plaintext key with the encrypted one before we return
+	err = f.saveKeyEncrypted(key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to save encrypted key file: %w", err)
+	}
+	jwkPath := f.jwkPath()
+	err = os.Remove(jwkPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to remove un-encrypted key file at path '%s': %w", jwkPath, err)
+	}
+
+	return key, nil
+}
+
+func (f *KeyProviderFile) saveKey(key jwk.Key) error {
+	err := os.MkdirAll(f.envConfig.KeysPath, 0700)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create directory '%s' for key file: %w", f.envConfig.KeysPath, err)
+	}
+
+	jwkPath := f.jwkPath()
+	keyFile, err := os.OpenFile(jwkPath, os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0600)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create key file at path '%s': %w", jwkPath, err)
+	}
+	defer keyFile.Close()
+
+	// Write the JSON file to disk
+	err = EncodeJWK(keyFile, key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write key file at path '%s': %w", jwkPath, err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *KeyProviderFile) saveKeyEncrypted(key jwk.Key) error {
+	err := os.MkdirAll(f.envConfig.KeysPath, 0700)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create directory '%s' for encrypted key file: %w", f.envConfig.KeysPath, err)
+	}
+
+	// Encode the key to JSON
+	data, err := EncodeJWKBytes(key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to encode key to JSON: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Encrypt the key then encode to Base64
+	enc, err := cryptoutils.Encrypt(f.kek, data, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to encrypt key: %w", err)
+	}
+	encB64 := make([]byte, base64.StdEncoding.EncodedLen(len(enc)))
+	base64.StdEncoding.Encode(encB64, enc)
+
+	// Write to disk
+	encJwkPath := f.encJwkPath()
+	err = os.WriteFile(encJwkPath, encB64, 0600)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write encrypted key file at path '%s': %w", encJwkPath, err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *KeyProviderFile) jwkPath() string {
+	return filepath.Join(f.envConfig.KeysPath, PrivateKeyFile)
+}
+
+func (f *KeyProviderFile) encJwkPath() string {
+	return filepath.Join(f.envConfig.KeysPath, PrivateKeyFileEncrypted)
+}
+
+// Compile-time interface check
+var _ KeyProvider = (*KeyProviderFile)(nil)
--- a/backend/internal/utils/jwk/key_provider_file_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/utils/jwk/key_provider_file_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+package jwk
+
+import (
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"crypto/elliptic"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v3/jwk"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
+	cryptoutils "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/crypto"
+)
+
+func TestKeyProviderFile_LoadKey(t *testing.T) {
+	// Generate a test key to use in our tests
+	pk, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	key, err := jwk.Import(pk)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	t.Run("LoadKey with no existing key", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tempDir := t.TempDir()
+
+		provider := &KeyProviderFile{}
+		err := provider.Init(KeyProviderOpts{
+			EnvConfig: &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+				KeysPath: tempDir,
+			},
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Load key when none exists
+		loadedKey, err := provider.LoadKey()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Nil(t, loadedKey, "Expected nil key when no key exists")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("LoadKey with no existing key (with kek)", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tempDir := t.TempDir()
+
+		provider := &KeyProviderFile{}
+		err = provider.Init(KeyProviderOpts{
+			EnvConfig: &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+				KeysPath: tempDir,
+			},
+			Kek: makeKEK(t),
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Load key when none exists
+		loadedKey, err := provider.LoadKey()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Nil(t, loadedKey, "Expected nil key when no key exists")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("LoadKey with unencrypted key", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tempDir := t.TempDir()
+
+		provider := &KeyProviderFile{}
+		err := provider.Init(KeyProviderOpts{
+			EnvConfig: &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+				KeysPath: tempDir,
+			},
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Save a key
+		err = provider.SaveKey(key)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Make sure the key file exists
+		keyPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, PrivateKeyFile)
+		exists, err := utils.FileExists(keyPath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, exists, "Expected key file to exist")
+
+		// Load the key
+		loadedKey, err := provider.LoadKey()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NotNil(t, loadedKey, "Expected non-nil key when key exists")
+
+		// Verify the loaded key is the same as the original
+		keyBytes, err := EncodeJWKBytes(key)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		loadedKeyBytes, err := EncodeJWKBytes(loadedKey)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, keyBytes, loadedKeyBytes, "Expected loaded key to match original key")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("LoadKey with encrypted key", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tempDir := t.TempDir()
+
+		provider := &KeyProviderFile{}
+		err = provider.Init(KeyProviderOpts{
+			EnvConfig: &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+				KeysPath: tempDir,
+			},
+			Kek: makeKEK(t),
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Save a key (will be encrypted)
+		err = provider.SaveKey(key)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Make sure the encrypted key file exists
+		encKeyPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, PrivateKeyFileEncrypted)
+		exists, err := utils.FileExists(encKeyPath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, exists, "Expected encrypted key file to exist")
+
+		// Make sure the unencrypted key file does not exist
+		keyPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, PrivateKeyFile)
+		exists, err = utils.FileExists(keyPath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, exists, "Expected unencrypted key file to not exist")
+
+		// Load the key
+		loadedKey, err := provider.LoadKey()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NotNil(t, loadedKey, "Expected non-nil key when encrypted key exists")
+
+		// Verify the loaded key is the same as the original
+		keyBytes, err := EncodeJWKBytes(key)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		loadedKeyBytes, err := EncodeJWKBytes(loadedKey)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, keyBytes, loadedKeyBytes, "Expected loaded key to match original key")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("LoadKey replaces unencrypted key with encrypted key when kek is provided", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tempDir := t.TempDir()
+
+		// First, create an unencrypted key
+		providerNoKek := &KeyProviderFile{}
+		err := providerNoKek.Init(KeyProviderOpts{
+			EnvConfig: &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+				KeysPath: tempDir,
+			},
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Save an unencrypted key
+		err = providerNoKek.SaveKey(key)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Verify unencrypted key exists
+		keyPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, PrivateKeyFile)
+		exists, err := utils.FileExists(keyPath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, exists, "Expected unencrypted key file to exist")
+
+		// Now create a provider with a kek
+		kek := make([]byte, 32)
+		_, err = rand.Read(kek)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		providerWithKek := &KeyProviderFile{}
+		err = providerWithKek.Init(KeyProviderOpts{
+			EnvConfig: &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+				KeysPath: tempDir,
+			},
+			Kek: kek,
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Load the key - this should convert the unencrypted key to encrypted
+		loadedKey, err := providerWithKek.LoadKey()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NotNil(t, loadedKey, "Expected non-nil key when loading and converting key")
+
+		// Verify the unencrypted key no longer exists
+		exists, err = utils.FileExists(keyPath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, exists, "Expected unencrypted key file to be removed")
+
+		// Verify the encrypted key file exists
+		encKeyPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, PrivateKeyFileEncrypted)
+		exists, err = utils.FileExists(encKeyPath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, exists, "Expected encrypted key file to exist after conversion")
+
+		// Verify the key data
+		keyBytes, err := EncodeJWKBytes(key)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		loadedKeyBytes, err := EncodeJWKBytes(loadedKey)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, keyBytes, loadedKeyBytes, "Expected loaded key to match original key after conversion")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestKeyProviderFile_SaveKey(t *testing.T) {
+	// Generate a test key to use in our tests
+	pk, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	key, err := jwk.Import(pk)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	t.Run("SaveKey unencrypted", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tempDir := t.TempDir()
+
+		provider := &KeyProviderFile{}
+		err := provider.Init(KeyProviderOpts{
+			EnvConfig: &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+				KeysPath: tempDir,
+			},
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Save the key
+		err = provider.SaveKey(key)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Verify the key file exists
+		keyPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, PrivateKeyFile)
+		exists, err := utils.FileExists(keyPath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, exists, "Expected key file to exist")
+
+		// Verify the content of the key file
+		data, err := os.ReadFile(keyPath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		parsedKey, err := jwk.ParseKey(data)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Compare the saved key with the original
+		keyBytes, err := EncodeJWKBytes(key)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		parsedKeyBytes, err := EncodeJWKBytes(parsedKey)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, keyBytes, parsedKeyBytes, "Expected saved key to match original key")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("SaveKey encrypted", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tempDir := t.TempDir()
+
+		// Generate a 64-byte kek
+		kek := makeKEK(t)
+
+		provider := &KeyProviderFile{}
+		err = provider.Init(KeyProviderOpts{
+			EnvConfig: &common.EnvConfigSchema{
+				KeysPath: tempDir,
+			},
+			Kek: kek,
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Save the key (will be encrypted)
+		err = provider.SaveKey(key)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Verify the encrypted key file exists
+		encKeyPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, PrivateKeyFileEncrypted)
+		exists, err := utils.FileExists(encKeyPath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, exists, "Expected encrypted key file to exist")
+
+		// Verify the unencrypted key file doesn't exist
+		keyPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, PrivateKeyFile)
+		exists, err = utils.FileExists(keyPath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, exists, "Expected unencrypted key file to not exist")
+
+		// Manually decrypt the encrypted key file to verify it contains the correct key
+		encB64, err := os.ReadFile(encKeyPath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Decode from base64
+		enc := make([]byte, base64.StdEncoding.DecodedLen(len(encB64)))
+		n, err := base64.StdEncoding.Decode(enc, encB64)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		enc = enc[:n] // Trim any padding
+
+		// Decrypt the data
+		data, err := cryptoutils.Decrypt(kek, enc, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Parse the key
+		parsedKey, err := jwk.ParseKey(data)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Compare the decrypted key with the original
+		keyBytes, err := EncodeJWKBytes(key)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		parsedKeyBytes, err := EncodeJWKBytes(parsedKey)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, keyBytes, parsedKeyBytes, "Expected decrypted key to match original key")
+	})
+}
+
+func makeKEK(t *testing.T) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	// Generate a 32-byte kek
+	kek := make([]byte, 32)
+	_, err := rand.Read(kek)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return kek
+}
--- a/backend/internal/utils/servicerunner.go
+++ b/backend/internal/utils/servicerunner.go
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ func (r *ServiceRunner) Run(ctx context.Context) error {

 			// Ignore context canceled errors here as they generally indicate that the service is stopping
 			if rErr != nil && !errors.Is(rErr, context.Canceled) {
-				cancel()
 				errCh <- rErr
 				return
 			}
--- a/backend/internal/utils/servicerunner_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/utils/servicerunner_test.go
@@ -61,26 +61,6 @@ func TestServiceRunner_Run(t *testing.T) {
 		require.ErrorIs(t, err, expectedErr)
 	})

-	t.Run("service error cancels others", func(t *testing.T) {
-		expectedErr := errors.New("boom")
-		errorService := func(ctx context.Context) error {
-			return expectedErr
-		}
-		waitingService := func(ctx context.Context) error {
-			<-ctx.Done()
-			return ctx.Err()
-		}
-
-		runner := NewServiceRunner(errorService, waitingService)
-
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(t.Context(), 5*time.Second)
-		defer cancel()
-
-		err := runner.Run(ctx)
-		require.Error(t, err)
-		require.ErrorIs(t, err, expectedErr)
-	})
-
 	t.Run("context canceled", func(t *testing.T) {
 		// Create a service that waits until context is canceled
 		waitingService := func(ctx context.Context) error {
--- a/backend/resources/aaguids.json
+++ b/backend/resources/aaguids.json
--- a/backend/resources/e2e-tests/database.json
+++ b/backend/resources/e2e-tests/database.json
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-../../../tests/database.json
--- a/backend/resources/files_test.go
+++ b/backend/resources/files_test.go
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-package resources
-
-import (
-	"embed"
-	"slices"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-// This test is meant to enforce that for every new migration added, a file with the same migration number exists for all supported databases
-// This is necessary to ensure import/export works correctly
-// Note: if a migration is not needed for a database, ensure there's a file with an empty (no-op) migration (e.g. even just a comment)
-func TestMigrationsMatchingVersions(t *testing.T) {
-	// We can ignore migrations with version below 20251115000000
-	const ignoreBefore = 20251115000000
-
-	// Scan postgres migrations
-	postgresMigrations := scanMigrations(t, FS, "migrations/postgres", ignoreBefore)
-
-	// Scan sqlite migrations
-	sqliteMigrations := scanMigrations(t, FS, "migrations/sqlite", ignoreBefore)
-
-	// Sort both lists for consistent comparison
-	slices.Sort(postgresMigrations)
-	slices.Sort(sqliteMigrations)
-
-	// Compare the lists
-	assert.Equal(t, postgresMigrations, sqliteMigrations, "Migration versions must match between Postgres and SQLite")
-}
-
-// scanMigrations scans a directory for migration files and returns a list of versions
-func scanMigrations(t *testing.T, fs embed.FS, dir string, ignoreBefore int64) []int64 {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	entries, err := fs.ReadDir(dir)
-	require.NoErrorf(t, err, "Failed to read directory '%s'", dir)
-
-	// Divide by 2 because of up and down files
-	versions := make([]int64, 0, len(entries)/2)
-	for _, entry := range entries {
-		if entry.IsDir() {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		filename := entry.Name()
-
-		// Only consider .up.sql files
-		if !strings.HasSuffix(filename, ".up.sql") {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		// Extract version from filename (format: <version>_<anything>.up.sql)
-		versionString, _, ok := strings.Cut(filename, "_")
-		require.Truef(t, ok, "Migration file has unexpected format: %s", filename)
-
-		version, err := strconv.ParseInt(versionString, 10, 64)
-		require.NoErrorf(t, err, "Failed to parse version from filename '%s'", filename)
-
-		// Exclude migrations with version below ignoreBefore
-		if version < ignoreBefore {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		versions = append(versions, version)
-	}
-
-	return versions
-}
--- a/backend/resources/images/background.webp
+++ b/backend/resources/images/background.webp
--- a/backend/resources/images/logoEmail.png
+++ b/backend/resources/images/logoEmail.png
--- a/backend/resources/migrations/postgres/20251117141000_export_normalization.down.sql
+++ b/backend/resources/migrations/postgres/20251117141000_export_normalization.down.sql
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-- No-op in Postgres
--- a/backend/resources/migrations/postgres/20251117141000_export_normalization.up.sql
+++ b/backend/resources/migrations/postgres/20251117141000_export_normalization.up.sql
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-- No-op in Postgres
--- a/backend/resources/migrations/postgres/20251129000000_oidc_api.drown.sql
+++ b/backend/resources/migrations/postgres/20251129000000_oidc_api.drown.sql
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-DROP TABLE oidc_apis;
--- a/backend/resources/migrations/postgres/20251129000000_oidc_api.up.sql
+++ b/backend/resources/migrations/postgres/20251129000000_oidc_api.up.sql
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-CREATE TABLE oidc_apis
-(
-    id UUID PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
-    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL,
-    name TEXT NOT NULL,
-    identifier TEXT NOT NULL,
-    data JSONB NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_oidc_apis_identifier_key ON oidc_apis(identifier);
-CREATE INDEX idx_oidc_apis_name_key ON oidc_apis(name);
--- a/backend/resources/migrations/postgres/20251210000000_one_time_access_device_token.down.sql
+++ b/backend/resources/migrations/postgres/20251210000000_one_time_access_device_token.down.sql
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ALTER TABLE one_time_access_tokens DROP COLUMN device_token;
--- a/backend/resources/migrations/postgres/20251210000000_one_time_access_device_token.up.sql
+++ b/backend/resources/migrations/postgres/20251210000000_one_time_access_device_token.up.sql
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ALTER TABLE one_time_access_tokens ADD COLUMN device_token VARCHAR(16);
--- a/backend/resources/migrations/postgres/20251217000000_signup_token_groups.down.sql
+++ b/backend/resources/migrations/postgres/20251217000000_signup_token_groups.down.sql
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+DROP TABLE signup_tokens_user_groups;
--- a/backend/resources/migrations/postgres/20251217000000_signup_token_groups.up.sql
+++ b/backend/resources/migrations/postgres/20251217000000_signup_token_groups.up.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+CREATE TABLE signup_tokens_user_groups
+(
+    signup_token_id UUID NOT NULL,
+    user_group_id   UUID NOT NULL,
+    PRIMARY KEY (signup_token_id, user_group_id),
+    FOREIGN KEY (signup_token_id) REFERENCES signup_tokens (id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    FOREIGN KEY (user_group_id) REFERENCES user_groups (id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+);
--- a/backend/resources/migrations/sqlite/20251117141000_export_normalization.down.sql
+++ b/backend/resources/migrations/sqlite/20251117141000_export_normalization.down.sql
@@ -1,133 +0,0 @@
-PRAGMA foreign_keys = OFF;
-
-BEGIN;
-
-CREATE TABLE users_old
-(
-    id           TEXT                   NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
-    created_at   DATETIME,
-    username     TEXT COLLATE NOCASE    NOT NULL UNIQUE,
-    email        TEXT                   NOT NULL UNIQUE,
-    first_name   TEXT,
-    last_name    TEXT                   NOT NULL,
-    display_name TEXT                   NOT NULL,
-    is_admin     NUMERIC DEFAULT 0      NOT NULL,
-    ldap_id      TEXT,
-    locale       TEXT,
-    disabled     NUMERIC DEFAULT 0      NOT NULL
-);
-
-INSERT INTO users_old (
-    id,
-    created_at,
-    username,
-    email,
-    first_name,
-    last_name,
-    display_name,
-    is_admin,
-    ldap_id,
-    locale,
-    disabled
-)
-SELECT
-    id,
-    created_at,
-    username,
-    email,
-    first_name,
-    last_name,
-    display_name,
-    CASE WHEN is_admin THEN 1 ELSE 0 END,
-    ldap_id,
-    locale,
-    CASE WHEN disabled THEN 1 ELSE 0 END
-FROM users;
-
-DROP TABLE users;
-
-ALTER TABLE users_old RENAME TO users;
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX users_ldap_id ON users (ldap_id);
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE webauthn_credentials_old
-(
-    id               TEXT                   PRIMARY KEY,
-    created_at       DATETIME               NOT NULL,
-    name             TEXT                   NOT NULL,
-    credential_id    TEXT                   NOT NULL UNIQUE,
-    public_key       BLOB                   NOT NULL,
-    attestation_type TEXT                   NOT NULL,
-    transport        BLOB                   NOT NULL,
-    user_id          TEXT REFERENCES users ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    backup_eligible  NUMERIC DEFAULT 0      NOT NULL,
-    backup_state     NUMERIC DEFAULT 0      NOT NULL
-);
-
-INSERT INTO webauthn_credentials_old (
-    id,
-    created_at,
-    name,
-    credential_id,
-    public_key,
-    attestation_type,
-    transport,
-    user_id,
-    backup_eligible,
-    backup_state
-)
-SELECT
-    id,
-    created_at,
-    name,
-    credential_id,
-    public_key,
-    attestation_type,
-    transport,
-    user_id,
-    CASE WHEN backup_eligible THEN 1 ELSE 0 END,
-    CASE WHEN backup_state THEN 1 ELSE 0 END
-FROM webauthn_credentials;
-
-DROP TABLE webauthn_credentials;
-
-ALTER TABLE webauthn_credentials_old RENAME TO webauthn_credentials;
-
-
-
-CREATE TABLE webauthn_sessions_old
-(
-    id                TEXT              NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
-    created_at        DATETIME,
-    challenge         TEXT              NOT NULL UNIQUE,
-    expires_at        DATETIME          NOT NULL,
-    user_verification TEXT              NOT NULL,
-    credential_params TEXT DEFAULT '[]' NOT NULL
-);
-
-INSERT INTO webauthn_sessions_old (
-    id,
-    created_at,
-    challenge,
-    expires_at,
-    user_verification,
-    credential_params
-)
-SELECT
-    id,
-    created_at,
-    challenge,
-    expires_at,
-    user_verification,
-    credential_params
-FROM webauthn_sessions;
-
-DROP TABLE webauthn_sessions;
-
-ALTER TABLE webauthn_sessions_old RENAME TO webauthn_sessions;
-
-COMMIT;
-
-PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON;
--- a/backend/resources/migrations/sqlite/20251117141000_export_normalization.up.sql
+++ b/backend/resources/migrations/sqlite/20251117141000_export_normalization.up.sql
@@ -1,144 +0,0 @@
-PRAGMA foreign_keys = OFF;
-
-BEGIN;
-
-- 1. Create a new table with BOOLEAN columns
-CREATE TABLE users_new
-(
-    id           TEXT                  NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
-    created_at   DATETIME,
-    username     TEXT COLLATE NOCASE   NOT NULL UNIQUE,
-    email        TEXT                  NOT NULL UNIQUE,
-    first_name   TEXT,
-    last_name    TEXT                  NOT NULL,
-    display_name TEXT                  NOT NULL,
-    is_admin     BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE NOT NULL,
-    ldap_id      TEXT,
-    locale       TEXT,
-    disabled     BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE NOT NULL
-);
-
-- 2. Copy all existing data, converting numeric bools to real booleans
-INSERT INTO users_new (
-    id,
-    created_at,
-    username,
-    email,
-    first_name,
-    last_name,
-    display_name,
-    is_admin,
-    ldap_id,
-    locale,
-    disabled
-)
-SELECT
-    id,
-    created_at,
-    username,
-    email,
-    first_name,
-    last_name,
-    display_name,
-    CASE WHEN is_admin != 0 THEN TRUE ELSE FALSE END,
-    ldap_id,
-    locale,
-    CASE WHEN disabled != 0 THEN TRUE ELSE FALSE END
-FROM users;
-
-- 3. Drop old table
-DROP TABLE users;
-
-- 4. Rename new table to original name
-ALTER TABLE users_new RENAME TO users;
-
-- 5. Recreate index
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX users_ldap_id ON users (ldap_id);
-
-- 6. Create temporary table with changed credential_id type to BLOB
-CREATE TABLE webauthn_credentials_dg_tmp
-(
-    id               TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
-    created_at       DATETIME             NOT NULL,
-    name             TEXT                 NOT NULL,
-    credential_id    BLOB                 NOT NULL UNIQUE,
-    public_key       BLOB                 NOT NULL,
-    attestation_type TEXT                 NOT NULL,
-    transport        BLOB                 NOT NULL,
-    user_id          TEXT REFERENCES users ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    backup_eligible  BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE NOT NULL,
-    backup_state     BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE NOT NULL
-);
-
-- 7. Copy existing data into the temporary table
-INSERT INTO webauthn_credentials_dg_tmp (
-    id,
-    created_at,
-    name,
-    credential_id,
-    public_key,
-    attestation_type,
-    transport,
-    user_id,
-    backup_eligible,
-    backup_state
-)
-SELECT
-    id,
-    created_at,
-    name,
-    credential_id,
-    public_key,
-    attestation_type,
-    transport,
-    user_id,
-    backup_eligible,
-    backup_state
-FROM webauthn_credentials;
-
-- 8. Drop old table
-DROP TABLE webauthn_credentials;
-
-- 9. Rename temporary table to original name
-ALTER TABLE webauthn_credentials_dg_tmp
-    RENAME TO webauthn_credentials;
-
-- 10. Create temporary table with credential_params type changed to BLOB
-CREATE TABLE webauthn_sessions_dg_tmp
-(
-    id                TEXT              NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
-    created_at        DATETIME,
-    challenge         TEXT              NOT NULL UNIQUE,
-    expires_at        DATETIME          NOT NULL,
-    user_verification TEXT              NOT NULL,
-    credential_params BLOB DEFAULT '[]' NOT NULL
-);
-
-- 11. Copy existing data into the temporary sessions table
-INSERT INTO webauthn_sessions_dg_tmp (
-    id,
-    created_at,
-    challenge,
-    expires_at,
-    user_verification,
-    credential_params
-)
-SELECT
-    id,
-    created_at,
-    challenge,
-    expires_at,
-    user_verification,
-    credential_params
-FROM webauthn_sessions;
-
-- 12. Drop old table
-DROP TABLE webauthn_sessions;
-
-- 13. Rename temporary sessions table to original name
-ALTER TABLE webauthn_sessions_dg_tmp
-    RENAME TO webauthn_sessions;
-
-COMMIT;
-
-PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON;
--- a/backend/resources/migrations/sqlite/20251129000000_oidc_api.drown.sql
+++ b/backend/resources/migrations/sqlite/20251129000000_oidc_api.drown.sql
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-DROP TABLE oidc_apis;
--- a/backend/resources/migrations/sqlite/20251129000000_oidc_api.up.sql
+++ b/backend/resources/migrations/sqlite/20251129000000_oidc_api.up.sql
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-CREATE TABLE oidc_apis
-(
-    id UUID PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
-    created_at DATETIME NOT NULL,
-    name TEXT NOT NULL,
-    identifier TEXT NOT NULL,
-    data TEXT NOT NULL
-);
-
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_oidc_apis_identifier_key ON oidc_apis(identifier);
-CREATE INDEX idx_oidc_apis_name_key ON oidc_apis(name);
--- a/backend/resources/migrations/sqlite/20251210000000_one_time_access_device_token.down.sql
+++ b/backend/resources/migrations/sqlite/20251210000000_one_time_access_device_token.down.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF;
+BEGIN;
+
+ALTER TABLE one_time_access_tokens DROP COLUMN device_token;
+
+COMMIT;
+PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON;
--- a/backend/resources/migrations/sqlite/20251210000000_one_time_access_device_token.up.sql
+++ b/backend/resources/migrations/sqlite/20251210000000_one_time_access_device_token.up.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF;
+BEGIN;
+
+ALTER TABLE one_time_access_tokens ADD COLUMN device_token TEXT;
+
+COMMIT;
+PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON;
--- a/backend/resources/migrations/sqlite/20251217000000_signup_token_groups.down.sql
+++ b/backend/resources/migrations/sqlite/20251217000000_signup_token_groups.down.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF;
+BEGIN;
+
+DROP TABLE signup_tokens_user_groups;
+
+COMMIT;
+PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON;
--- a/backend/resources/migrations/sqlite/20251217000000_signup_token_groups.up.sql
+++ b/backend/resources/migrations/sqlite/20251217000000_signup_token_groups.up.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF;
+BEGIN;
+
+CREATE TABLE signup_tokens_user_groups
+(
+    signup_token_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+    user_group_id   TEXT NOT NULL,
+    PRIMARY KEY (signup_token_id, user_group_id),
+    FOREIGN KEY (signup_token_id) REFERENCES signup_tokens (id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    FOREIGN KEY (user_group_id) REFERENCES user_groups (id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+);
+
+COMMIT;
+PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON;
--- a/backend/resources/migrations/sqlite/20251219000000_oidc_client_group_restriction.down.sql
+++ b/backend/resources/migrations/sqlite/20251219000000_oidc_client_group_restriction.down.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF;
+BEGIN;
+
+ALTER TABLE oidc_clients DROP COLUMN is_group_restricted;
+
+COMMIT;
+PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON;
--- a/backend/resources/migrations/sqlite/20251219000000_oidc_client_group_restriction.up.sql
+++ b/backend/resources/migrations/sqlite/20251219000000_oidc_client_group_restriction.up.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+PRAGMA foreign_keys= OFF;
+BEGIN;
+
+ALTER TABLE oidc_clients
+    ADD COLUMN is_group_restricted BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;
+
+UPDATE oidc_clients
+SET is_group_restricted = (SELECT CASE WHEN COUNT(*) > 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END
+                           FROM oidc_client_user_groups
+                           WHERE oidc_client_user_groups.oidc_client_id = oidc_clients.id);
+
+COMMIT;
+PRAGMA foreign_keys= ON;
--- a/email-templates/package.json
+++ b/email-templates/package.json
@@ -10,16 +10,16 @@
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@react-email/components": "1.0.1",
-    "react": "^19.2.0",
-    "react-dom": "^19.2.0",
+    "react": "^19.2.1",
+    "react-dom": "^19.2.1",
    "tailwind-merge": "^3.4.0"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
-    "@react-email/preview-server": "5.0.5",
-    "@types/node": "^24.10.1",
+    "@react-email/preview-server": "5.0.7",
+    "@types/node": "^24.10.2",
    "@types/react": "^19.2.7",
    "@types/react-dom": "^19.2.3",
-    "react-email": "5.0.5",
-    "tsx": "^4.20.6"
+    "react-email": "5.0.7",
+    "tsx": "^4.21.0"
  }
 }
--- a/frontend/messages/en.json
+++ b/frontend/messages/en.json
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
 	"settings": "Settings",
 	"update_pocket_id": "Update Pocket ID",
 	"powered_by": "Powered by",
-	"see_your_account_activities_from_the_last_3_months": "See your account activities from the last 3 months.",
+	"see_your_recent_account_activities": "See your account activities within the configured retention period.",
 	"time": "Time",
 	"event": "Event",
 	"approximate_location": "Approximate Location",
@@ -301,16 +301,20 @@
 	"are_you_sure_you_want_to_create_a_new_client_secret": "Are you sure you want to create a new client secret? The old one will be invalidated.",
 	"generate": "Generate",
 	"new_client_secret_created_successfully": "New client secret created successfully",
-	"allowed_user_groups_updated_successfully": "Allowed user groups updated successfully",
 	"oidc_client_name": "OIDC Client {name}",
 	"client_id": "Client ID",
 	"client_secret": "Client secret",
 	"show_more_details": "Show more details",
 	"allowed_user_groups": "Allowed User Groups",
-	"add_user_groups_to_this_client_to_restrict_access_to_users_in_these_groups": "Add user groups to this client to restrict access to users in these groups. If no user groups are selected, all users will have access to this client.",
+	"allowed_user_groups_description": "Select user groups to restrict signing in to this client to only users in these groups.",
+	"allowed_user_groups_status_unrestricted_description": "No user group restrictions are applied. Any user can sign in to this client.",
+	"unrestrict": "Unrestrict",
+	"restrict": "Restrict",
+	"user_groups_restriction_updated_successfully": "User groups restriction updated successfully",
 	"favicon": "Favicon",
 	"light_mode_logo": "Light Mode Logo",
 	"dark_mode_logo": "Dark Mode Logo",
+	"email_logo": "Email Logo",
 	"background_image": "Background Image",
 	"language": "Language",
 	"reset_profile_picture_question": "Reset profile picture?",
@@ -327,7 +331,7 @@
 	"all_clients": "All Clients",
 	"all_locations": "All Locations",
 	"global_audit_log": "Global Audit Log",
-	"see_all_account_activities_from_the_last_3_months": "See all user activity for the last 3 months.",
+	"see_all_recent_account_activities": "View the account activities of all users during the set retention period.",
 	"token_sign_in": "Token Sign In",
 	"client_authorization": "Client Authorization",
 	"new_client_authorization": "New Client Authorization",
@@ -469,5 +473,6 @@
 	"default_profile_picture": "Default Profile Picture",
 	"light": "Light",
 	"dark": "Dark",
-	"system": "System"
+	"system": "System",
+	"signup_token_user_groups_description": "Automatically assign these groups to users who sign up using this token."
 }
--- a/frontend/package.json
+++ b/frontend/package.json
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
    "axios": "^1.13.2",
    "clsx": "^2.1.1",
    "date-fns": "^4.1.0",
-    "jose": "^6.1.2",
+    "jose": "^6.1.3",
    "qrcode": "^1.5.4",
    "runed": "^0.37.0",
    "sveltekit-superforms": "^2.28.1",
@@ -27,37 +27,37 @@
    "zod": "^4.1.13"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
-    "@inlang/paraglide-js": "^2.5.0",
+    "@inlang/paraglide-js": "^2.6.0",
    "@inlang/plugin-m-function-matcher": "^2.1.0",
    "@inlang/plugin-message-format": "^4.0.0",
    "@internationalized/date": "^3.10.0",
-    "@lucide/svelte": "^0.555.0",
+    "@lucide/svelte": "^0.559.0",
    "@sveltejs/adapter-static": "^3.0.10",
-    "@sveltejs/kit": "^2.49.0",
+    "@sveltejs/kit": "^2.49.2",
    "@sveltejs/vite-plugin-svelte": "^6.2.1",
    "@types/eslint": "^9.6.1",
-    "@types/node": "^24.10.1",
+    "@types/node": "^24.10.2",
    "@types/qrcode": "^1.5.6",
    "bits-ui": "^2.14.4",
    "eslint": "^9.39.1",
    "eslint-config-prettier": "^10.1.8",
-    "eslint-plugin-svelte": "^3.13.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-svelte": "^3.13.1",
    "formsnap": "^2.0.1",
    "globals": "^16.5.0",
    "mode-watcher": "^1.1.0",
-    "prettier": "^3.7.3",
+    "prettier": "^3.7.4",
    "prettier-plugin-svelte": "^3.4.0",
-    "prettier-plugin-tailwindcss": "^0.7.1",
+    "prettier-plugin-tailwindcss": "^0.7.2",
    "rollup": "^4.53.3",
-    "svelte": "^5.45.2",
+    "svelte": "^5.45.8",
    "svelte-check": "^4.3.4",
-    "svelte-sonner": "^1.0.6",
+    "svelte-sonner": "^1.0.7",
    "tailwind-variants": "^3.2.2",
    "tailwindcss": "^4.1.17",
    "tslib": "^2.8.1",
    "tw-animate-css": "^1.4.0",
    "typescript": "^5.9.3",
-    "typescript-eslint": "^8.48.0",
-    "vite": "^7.2.4"
+    "typescript-eslint": "^8.49.0",
+    "vite": "^7.2.7"
  }
 }
--- a/frontend/project.inlang/settings.json
+++ b/frontend/project.inlang/settings.json
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 		"fi",
 		"fr",
 		"it",
+		"ja",
 		"ko",
 		"nl",
 		"pl",
--- a/frontend/src/app.css
+++ b/frontend/src/app.css
@@ -232,22 +232,19 @@
 	}
 }

-@keyframes slide-bg-container {
+@keyframes bg-zoom {
 	0% {
-		left: 0;
+		transform: scale(1.3);
 	}
 	100% {
-		left: 650px;
+		transform: scale(1);
 	}
 }

-.animate-slide-bg-container {
-	position: absolute;
-	top: 0;
-	bottom: 0;
-	left: 0;
-	right: 0;
-	animation: slide-bg-container 0.6s cubic-bezier(0.33, 1, 0.68, 1) forwards;
+.animate-bg-zoom {
+	transform-origin: center;
+	will-change: transform;
+	animation: bg-zoom 0.7s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.1, 0.25, 1) forwards;
 }

@keyframes delayed-fade {
--- a/frontend/src/lib/components/collapsible-card.svelte
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/components/collapsible-card.svelte
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 		title,
 		description,
 		defaultExpanded = false,
+		forcedExpanded,
+		button,
 		icon,
 		children
 	}: {
@@ -19,7 +21,9 @@
 		title: string;
 		description?: string;
 		defaultExpanded?: boolean;
+		forcedExpanded?: boolean;
 		icon?: typeof IconType;
+		button?: Snippet;
 		children: Snippet;
 	} = $props();

@@ -47,6 +51,12 @@
 		}
 		loadExpandedState();
 	});
+
+	$effect(() => {
+		if (forcedExpanded !== undefined) {
+			expanded = forcedExpanded;
+		}
+	});
 </script>

 <Card.Root>
@@ -63,11 +73,18 @@
 					<Card.Description>{description}</Card.Description>
 				{/if}
 			</div>
-			<Button class="ml-10 h-8 p-3" variant="ghost" aria-label={m.expand_card()}>
-				<LucideChevronDown
-					class={cn('size-5 transition-transform duration-200', expanded && 'rotate-180 transform')}
-				/>
-			</Button>
+			{#if button}
+				{@render button()}
+			{:else}
+				<Button class="ml-10 h-8 p-3" variant="ghost" aria-label={m.expand_card()}>
+					<LucideChevronDown
+						class={cn(
+							'size-5 transition-transform duration-200',
+							expanded && 'rotate-180 transform'
+						)}
+					/>
+				</Button>
+			{/if}
 		</div>
 	</Card.Header>
 	{#if expanded}
--- a/frontend/src/lib/components/confirm-dialog/index.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/components/confirm-dialog/index.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
+import { m } from '$lib/paraglide/messages';
 import { writable } from 'svelte/store';
 import ConfirmDialog from './confirm-dialog.svelte';
-import { m } from '$lib/paraglide/messages';

 export const confirmDialogStore = writable({
 	open: false,
 	title: '',
 	message: '',
 	confirm: {
-		label: m.confirm(),
+		label: m.confirm() as string,
 		destructive: false,
 		action: () => {}
 	}
--- a/frontend/src/lib/components/form/form-input.svelte
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/components/form/form-input.svelte
@@ -8,6 +8,17 @@
 	import type { Snippet } from 'svelte';
 	import type { HTMLAttributes } from 'svelte/elements';

+	type WithoutChildren = {
+		children?: undefined;
+		input?: FormInput<string | boolean | number | Date | undefined>;
+		labelFor?: never;
+	};
+	type WithChildren = {
+		children: Snippet;
+		input?: any;
+		labelFor?: string;
+	};
+
 	let {
 		input = $bindable(),
 		label,
@@ -18,25 +29,25 @@
 		type = 'text',
 		children,
 		onInput,
+		labelFor,
 		...restProps
-	}: HTMLAttributes<HTMLDivElement> & {
-		input?: FormInput<string | boolean | number | Date | undefined>;
-		label?: string;
-		description?: string;
-		docsLink?: string;
-		placeholder?: string;
-		disabled?: boolean;
-		type?: 'text' | 'password' | 'email' | 'number' | 'checkbox' | 'date';
-		onInput?: (e: FormInputEvent) => void;
-		children?: Snippet;
-	} = $props();
+	}: HTMLAttributes<HTMLDivElement> &
+		(WithChildren | WithoutChildren) & {
+			label?: string;
+			description?: string;
+			docsLink?: string;
+			placeholder?: string;
+			disabled?: boolean;
+			type?: 'text' | 'password' | 'email' | 'number' | 'checkbox' | 'date';
+			onInput?: (e: FormInputEvent) => void;
+		} = $props();

 	const id = label?.toLowerCase().replace(/ /g, '-');
 </script>

 <div {...restProps}>
 	{#if label}
-		<Label required={input?.required} class="mb-0" for={id}>{label}</Label>
+		<Label required={input?.required} class="mb-0" for={labelFor ?? id}>{label}</Label>
 	{/if}
 	{#if description}
 		<p class="text-muted-foreground mt-1 text-xs">
--- a/frontend/src/lib/components/form/user-group-input.svelte
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/components/form/user-group-input.svelte
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<script lang="ts">
+	import SearchableMultiSelect from '$lib/components/form/searchable-multi-select.svelte';
+	import UserGroupService from '$lib/services/user-group-service';
+	import { debounced } from '$lib/utils/debounce-util';
+	import { onMount } from 'svelte';
+
+	let {
+		selectedGroupIds = $bindable()
+	}: {
+		selectedGroupIds: string[];
+	} = $props();
+
+	const userGroupService = new UserGroupService();
+
+	let userGroups = $state<{ value: string; label: string }[]>([]);
+	let isLoading = $state(false);
+
+	async function loadUserGroups(search?: string) {
+		userGroups = (await userGroupService.list({ search })).data.map((group) => ({
+			value: group.id,
+			label: group.name
+		}));
+
+		// Ensure selected groups are still in the list
+		for (const selectedGroupId of selectedGroupIds) {
+			if (!userGroups.some((g) => g.value === selectedGroupId)) {
+				const group = await userGroupService.get(selectedGroupId);
+				userGroups.push({ value: group.id, label: group.name });
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	const onUserGroupSearch = debounced(
+		async (search: string) => await loadUserGroups(search),
+		300,
+		(loading) => (isLoading = loading)
+	);
+
+	onMount(() => loadUserGroups());
+</script>
+
+<SearchableMultiSelect
+	id="default-groups"
+	items={userGroups}
+	oninput={(e) => onUserGroupSearch(e.currentTarget.value)}
+	selectedItems={selectedGroupIds}
+	onSelect={(selected) => (selectedGroupIds = selected)}
+	{isLoading}
+	disableInternalSearch
+/>
--- a/frontend/src/lib/components/header/header.svelte
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/components/header/header.svelte
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 	);
 </script>

-<div class=" w-full {isAuthPage ? 'absolute top-0 z-10 mt-4' : 'border-b'}">
+<div class=" w-full {isAuthPage ? 'absolute top-0 z-10 mt-3 lg:mt-8 pr-2 lg:pr-3' : 'border-b'}">
 	<div
 		class="{!isAuthPage
 			? 'max-w-[1640px]'
--- a/frontend/src/lib/components/login-wrapper.svelte
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/components/login-wrapper.svelte
@@ -48,20 +48,16 @@
 {#if isDesktop.current}
 	<div class="h-screen items-center overflow-hidden text-center">
 		<div
-			class="relative z-10 flex h-full w-[650px] p-16 {cn(
-				showAlternativeSignInMethodButton && 'pb-0',
-				animate && 'animate-delayed-fade'
+			class="relative z-10 flex h-full w-[650px] 2xl:w-[800px] p-16 {cn(
+				showAlternativeSignInMethodButton && 'pb-0'
 			)}"
 		>
 			<div class="flex h-full w-full flex-col overflow-hidden">
-				<div class="relative flex flex-grow flex-col items-center justify-center overflow-auto">
+				<div class="relative flex grow flex-col items-center justify-center overflow-auto">
 					{@render children()}
 				</div>
 				{#if showAlternativeSignInMethodButton}
-					<div
-						class="mb-4 flex items-center justify-center"
-						style={animate ? 'animation-delay: 500ms;' : ''}
-					>
+					<div class="mb-4 flex items-center justify-center">
 						<a
 							href={alternativeSignInButton.href}
 							class="text-muted-foreground text-xs transition-colors hover:underline"
@@ -73,13 +69,13 @@
 			</div>
 		</div>

-		<!-- Background image with slide animation -->
-		<div class="{cn(animate && 'animate-slide-bg-container')} absolute top-0 right-0 bottom-0 z-0">
+		<!-- Background image -->
+		<div class="absolute top-0 right-0 left-500px bottom-0 z-0 overflow-hidden rounded-[40px] m-6">
 			<img
 				src={cachedBackgroundImage.getUrl()}
-				class="h-screen rounded-l-[60px] object-cover {animate
-					? 'w-full'
-					: 'w-[calc(100vw-650px)]'}"
+				class="{cn(
+					animate && 'animate-bg-zoom'
+				)} h-screen object-cover w-[calc(100vw-650px)] 2xl:w-[calc(100vw-800px)]"
 				alt={m.login_background()}
 			/>
 		</div>
@@ -89,7 +85,7 @@
 		class="flex h-screen items-center justify-center bg-cover bg-center text-center"
 		style="background-image: url({cachedBackgroundImage.getUrl()});"
 	>
-		<Card.Root class="mx-3 w-full max-w-md" style={animate ? 'animation-delay: 200ms;' : ''}>
+		<Card.Root class="mx-3 w-full max-w-md">
 			<Card.CardContent
 				class="px-4 py-10 sm:p-10 {showAlternativeSignInMethodButton ? 'pb-3 sm:pb-3' : ''}"
 			>
--- a/frontend/src/lib/components/signup/signup-token-list-modal.svelte
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/components/signup/signup-token-list-modal.svelte
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 		AdvancedTableColumn,
 		CreateAdvancedTableActions
 	} from '$lib/types/advanced-table.type';
-	import type { SignupTokenDto } from '$lib/types/signup-token.type';
+	import type { SignupToken } from '$lib/types/signup-token.type';
 	import { axiosErrorToast } from '$lib/utils/error-util';
 	import { Copy, Trash2 } from '@lucide/svelte';
 	import { toast } from 'svelte-sonner';
@@ -23,14 +23,14 @@
 	} = $props();

 	const userService = new UserService();
-	let tableRef: AdvancedTable<SignupTokenDto>;
+	let tableRef: AdvancedTable<SignupToken>;

 	function formatDate(dateStr: string | undefined) {
 		if (!dateStr) return m.never();
 		return new Date(dateStr).toLocaleString();
 	}

-	async function deleteToken(token: SignupTokenDto) {
+	async function deleteToken(token: SignupToken) {
 		openConfirmDialog({
 			title: m.delete_signup_token(),
 			message: m.are_you_sure_you_want_to_delete_this_signup_token(),
@@ -58,11 +58,11 @@
 		return new Date(expiresAt) < new Date();
 	}

-	function isTokenUsedUp(token: SignupTokenDto) {
+	function isTokenUsedUp(token: SignupToken) {
 		return token.usageCount >= token.usageLimit;
 	}

-	function getTokenStatus(token: SignupTokenDto) {
+	function getTokenStatus(token: SignupToken) {
 		if (isTokenExpired(token.expiresAt)) return 'expired';
 		if (isTokenUsedUp(token)) return 'used-up';
 		return 'active';
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
 		}
 	}

-	function copySignupLink(token: SignupTokenDto) {
+	function copySignupLink(token: SignupToken) {
 		const signupLink = `${page.url.origin}/st/${token.token}`;
 		navigator.clipboard
 			.writeText(signupLink)
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
 			});
 	}

-	const columns: AdvancedTableColumn<SignupTokenDto>[] = [
+	const columns: AdvancedTableColumn<SignupToken>[] = [
 		{ label: m.token(), column: 'token', cell: TokenCell },
 		{ label: m.status(), key: 'status', cell: StatusCell },
 		{
@@ -106,7 +106,12 @@
 			sortable: true,
 			value: (item) => formatDate(item.expiresAt)
 		},
-		{ label: 'Usage Limit', column: 'usageLimit' },
+		{
+			key: 'userGroups',
+			label: m.user_groups(),
+			value: (item) => item.userGroups.map((g) => g.name).join(', '),
+			hidden: true
+		},
 		{
 			label: m.created(),
 			column: 'createdAt',
@@ -116,7 +121,7 @@
 		}
 	];

-	const actions: CreateAdvancedTableActions<SignupTokenDto> = (_) => [
+	const actions: CreateAdvancedTableActions<SignupToken> = (_) => [
 		{
 			label: m.copy(),
 			icon: Copy,
@@ -131,13 +136,13 @@
 	];
 </script>

-{#snippet TokenCell({ item }: { item: SignupTokenDto })}
+{#snippet TokenCell({ item }: { item: SignupToken })}
 	<span class="font-mono text-xs">
 		{item.token.substring(0, 3)}...{item.token.substring(Math.max(item.token.length - 4, 0))}
 	</span>
 {/snippet}

-{#snippet StatusCell({ item }: { item: SignupTokenDto })}
+{#snippet StatusCell({ item }: { item: SignupToken })}
 	{@const status = getTokenStatus(item)}
 	{@const statusBadge = getStatusBadge(status)}
 	<Badge class="rounded-full" variant={statusBadge.variant}>
@@ -145,7 +150,7 @@
 	</Badge>
 {/snippet}

-{#snippet UsageCell({ item }: { item: SignupTokenDto })}
+{#snippet UsageCell({ item }: { item: SignupToken })}
 	<div class="flex items-center gap-1">
 		{item.usageCount}
 		{m.of()}
--- a/frontend/src/lib/components/signup/signup-token-modal.svelte
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/components/signup/signup-token-modal.svelte
@@ -1,16 +1,22 @@
 <script lang="ts">
 	import { page } from '$app/state';
 	import CopyToClipboard from '$lib/components/copy-to-clipboard.svelte';
+	import FormInput from '$lib/components/form/form-input.svelte';
+	import UserGroupInput from '$lib/components/form/user-group-input.svelte';
 	import Qrcode from '$lib/components/qrcode/qrcode.svelte';
 	import { Button } from '$lib/components/ui/button';
 	import * as Dialog from '$lib/components/ui/dialog';
 	import { Input } from '$lib/components/ui/input';
-	import Label from '$lib/components/ui/label/label.svelte';
 	import * as Select from '$lib/components/ui/select/index.js';
 	import { m } from '$lib/paraglide/messages';
+	import AppConfigService from '$lib/services/app-config-service';
 	import UserService from '$lib/services/user-service';
 	import { axiosErrorToast } from '$lib/utils/error-util';
+	import { preventDefault } from '$lib/utils/event-util';
+	import { createForm } from '$lib/utils/form-util';
 	import { mode } from 'mode-watcher';
+	import { onMount } from 'svelte';
+	import { z } from 'zod/v4';

 	let {
 		open = $bindable()
@@ -19,29 +25,74 @@
 	} = $props();

 	const userService = new UserService();
+	const appConfigService = new AppConfigService();
+
+	const DEFAULT_TTL_SECONDS = 60 * 60 * 24;
+	const availableExpirations = [
+		{ label: m.one_hour(), value: 60 * 60 },
+		{ label: m.twelve_hours(), value: 60 * 60 * 12 },
+		{ label: m.one_day(), value: DEFAULT_TTL_SECONDS },
+		{ label: m.one_week(), value: DEFAULT_TTL_SECONDS * 7 },
+		{ label: m.one_month(), value: DEFAULT_TTL_SECONDS * 30 }
+	] as const;
+
+	const defaultExpiration =
+		availableExpirations.find((exp) => exp.value === DEFAULT_TTL_SECONDS)?.value ??
+		availableExpirations[0].value;
+
+	type SignupTokenForm = {
+		ttl: number;
+		usageLimit: number;
+		userGroupIds: string[];
+	};
+
+	const initialFormValues: SignupTokenForm = {
+		ttl: defaultExpiration,
+		usageLimit: 1,
+		userGroupIds: []
+	};
+
+	const formSchema = z.object({
+		ttl: z.number(),
+		usageLimit: z.number().min(1).max(100),
+		userGroupIds: z.array(z.string()).default([])
+	});
+
+	const { inputs, ...form } = createForm<typeof formSchema>(formSchema, initialFormValues);

 	let signupToken: string | null = $state(null);
 	let signupLink: string | null = $state(null);
-	let selectedExpiration: keyof typeof availableExpirations = $state(m.one_day());
-	let usageLimit: number = $state(1);
+	let createdSignupData: SignupTokenForm | null = $state(null);
+	let isLoading = $state(false);

-	let availableExpirations = {
-		[m.one_hour()]: 60 * 60,
-		[m.twelve_hours()]: 60 * 60 * 12,
-		[m.one_day()]: 60 * 60 * 24,
-		[m.one_week()]: 60 * 60 * 24 * 7,
-		[m.one_month()]: 60 * 60 * 24 * 30
-	};
+	let defaultUserGroupIds: string[] = [];
+
+	function getExpirationLabel(ttl: number) {
+		return availableExpirations.find((exp) => exp.value === ttl)?.label ?? '';
+	}
+
+	function resetForm() {
+		form.reset();
+		form.setValue('userGroupIds', defaultUserGroupIds);
+	}

 	async function createSignupToken() {
+		const data = form.validate();
+		if (!data) return;
+
+		isLoading = true;
 		try {
 			signupToken = await userService.createSignupToken(
-				availableExpirations[selectedExpiration],
-				usageLimit
+				data.ttl,
+				data.usageLimit,
+				data.userGroupIds
 			);
 			signupLink = `${page.url.origin}/st/${signupToken}`;
+			createdSignupData = data;
 		} catch (e) {
 			axiosErrorToast(e);
+		} finally {
+			isLoading = false;
 		}
 	}

@@ -50,10 +101,22 @@
 		if (!isOpen) {
 			signupToken = null;
 			signupLink = null;
-			selectedExpiration = m.one_day();
-			usageLimit = 1;
+			createdSignupData = null;
+			resetForm();
 		}
 	}
+
+	onMount(() => {
+		appConfigService
+			.list(true)
+			.then((response) => {
+				const responseGroupIds = response.signupDefaultUserGroupIDs || [];
+				defaultUserGroupIds = responseGroupIds;
+				initialFormValues.userGroupIds = responseGroupIds;
+				form.setValue('userGroupIds', responseGroupIds);
+			})
+			.catch(axiosErrorToast);
+	});
 </script>

 <Dialog.Root {open} {onOpenChange}>
@@ -66,49 +129,57 @@
 		</Dialog.Header>

 		{#if signupToken === null}
-			<div class="space-y-4">
-				<div>
-					<Label for="expiration">{m.expiration()}</Label>
+			<form class="space-y-4" onsubmit={preventDefault(createSignupToken)}>
+				<FormInput labelFor="expiration" label={m.expiration()} input={$inputs.ttl}>
 					<Select.Root
 						type="single"
-						value={Object.keys(availableExpirations)[0]}
-						onValueChange={(v) => (selectedExpiration = v! as keyof typeof availableExpirations)}
+						value={$inputs.ttl.value.toString()}
+						onValueChange={(v) => v && form.setValue('ttl', Number(v))}
 					>
 						<Select.Trigger id="expiration" class="h-9 w-full">
-							{selectedExpiration}
+							{getExpirationLabel($inputs.ttl.value)}
 						</Select.Trigger>
 						<Select.Content>
-							{#each Object.keys(availableExpirations) as key}
-								<Select.Item value={key}>{key}</Select.Item>
+							{#each availableExpirations as expiration}
+								<Select.Item value={expiration.value.toString()}>
+									{expiration.label}
+								</Select.Item>
 							{/each}
 						</Select.Content>
 					</Select.Root>
-				</div>
-
-				<div>
-					<Label class="mb-0" for="usage-limit">{m.usage_limit()}</Label>
-					<p class="text-muted-foreground mt-1 mb-2 text-xs">
-						{m.number_of_times_token_can_be_used()}
-					</p>
+					{#if $inputs.ttl.error}
+						<p class="text-destructive mt-1 text-xs">{$inputs.ttl.error}</p>
+					{/if}
+				</FormInput>
+				<FormInput
+					labelFor="usage-limit"
+					label={m.usage_limit()}
+					description={m.number_of_times_token_can_be_used()}
+					input={$inputs.usageLimit}
+				>
 					<Input
 						id="usage-limit"
 						type="number"
-						min="1"
-						max="100"
-						bind:value={usageLimit}
+						bind:value={$inputs.usageLimit.value}
+						aria-invalid={$inputs.usageLimit.error ? 'true' : undefined}
 						class="h-9"
 					/>
-				</div>
-			</div>
-
-			<Dialog.Footer class="mt-4">
-				<Button
-					onclick={() => createSignupToken()}
-					disabled={!selectedExpiration || usageLimit < 1}
+				</FormInput>
+				<FormInput
+					labelFor="default-groups"
+					label={m.user_groups()}
+					description={m.signup_token_user_groups_description()}
+					input={$inputs.userGroupIds}
 				>
-					{m.create()}
-				</Button>
-			</Dialog.Footer>
+					<UserGroupInput bind:selectedGroupIds={$inputs.userGroupIds.value} />
+				</FormInput>
+
+				<Dialog.Footer class="mt-4">
+					<Button type="submit" {isLoading}>
+						{m.create()}
+					</Button>
+				</Dialog.Footer>
+			</form>
 		{:else}
 			<div class="flex flex-col items-center gap-2">
 				<Qrcode
@@ -125,8 +196,8 @@
 				</CopyToClipboard>

 				<div class="text-muted-foreground mt-2 text-center text-sm">
-					<p>{m.usage_limit()}: {usageLimit}</p>
-					<p>{m.expiration()}: {selectedExpiration}</p>
+					<p>{m.usage_limit()}: {createdSignupData?.usageLimit}</p>
+					<p>{m.expiration()}: {getExpirationLabel(createdSignupData?.ttl ?? 0)}</p>
 				</div>
 			</div>
 		{/if}
--- a/frontend/src/lib/services/app-config-service.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/services/app-config-service.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import {
 	cachedApplicationLogo,
 	cachedBackgroundImage,
 	cachedDefaultProfilePicture,
+	cachedEmailLogo,
 	cachedProfilePicture
 } from '$lib/utils/cached-image-util';
 import { get } from 'svelte/store';
@@ -46,6 +47,14 @@ export default class AppConfigService extends APIService {
 		cachedApplicationLogo.bustCache(light);
 	};

+	updateEmailLogo = async (emailLogo: File) => {
+		const formData = new FormData();
+		formData.append('file', emailLogo);
+
+		await this.api.put(`/application-images/email`, formData);
+		cachedEmailLogo.bustCache();
+	};
+
 	updateDefaultProfilePicture = async (defaultProfilePicture: File) => {
 		const formData = new FormData();
 		formData.append('file', defaultProfilePicture);
--- a/frontend/src/lib/services/user-service.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/services/user-service.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import userStore from '$lib/stores/user-store';
 import type { ListRequestOptions, Paginated } from '$lib/types/list-request.type';
-import type { SignupTokenDto } from '$lib/types/signup-token.type';
+import type { SignupToken } from '$lib/types/signup-token.type';
 import type { UserGroup } from '$lib/types/user-group.type';
 import type { User, UserCreate, UserSignUp } from '$lib/types/user.type';
 import { cachedProfilePicture } from '$lib/utils/cached-image-util';
@@ -76,8 +76,12 @@ export default class UserService extends APIService {
 		return res.data.token;
 	};

-	createSignupToken = async (ttl: string | number, usageLimit: number) => {
-		const res = await this.api.post(`/signup-tokens`, { ttl, usageLimit });
+	createSignupToken = async (
+		ttl: string | number,
+		usageLimit: number,
+		userGroupIds: string[] = []
+	) => {
+		const res = await this.api.post(`/signup-tokens`, { ttl, usageLimit, userGroupIds });
 		return res.data.token;
 	};

@@ -111,7 +115,7 @@ export default class UserService extends APIService {

 	listSignupTokens = async (options?: ListRequestOptions) => {
 		const res = await this.api.get('/signup-tokens', { params: options });
-		return res.data as Paginated<SignupTokenDto>;
+		return res.data as Paginated<SignupToken>;
 	};

 	deleteSignupToken = async (tokenId: string) => {
--- a/frontend/src/lib/types/application-configuration.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/types/application-configuration.ts
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ export type AllAppConfig = AppConfig & {
 	ldapAttributeGroupMember: string;
 	ldapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier: string;
 	ldapAttributeGroupName: string;
-	ldapAdminGroupName: string;
+	ldapAttributeAdminGroup: string;
 	ldapSoftDeleteUsers: boolean;
 };

--- a/frontend/src/lib/types/oidc.type.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/types/oidc.type.ts
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ export type OidcClient = OidcClientMetaData & {
 	requiresReauthentication: boolean;
 	credentials?: OidcClientCredentials;
 	launchURL?: string;
+	isGroupRestricted: boolean;
 };

 export type OidcClientWithAllowedUserGroups = OidcClient & {
--- a/frontend/src/lib/types/signup-token.type.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/types/signup-token.type.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
-export interface SignupTokenDto {
+import type { UserGroup } from './user-group.type';
+
+export interface SignupToken {
 	id: string;
 	token: string;
 	expiresAt: string;
 	usageLimit: number;
 	usageCount: number;
+	userGroups: UserGroup[];
 	createdAt: string;
 }
--- a/frontend/src/lib/utils/cached-image-util.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/utils/cached-image-util.ts
@@ -20,6 +20,11 @@ export const cachedApplicationLogo: CachableImage = {
 	}
 };

+export const cachedEmailLogo: CachableImage = {
+	getUrl: () => getCachedImageUrl(new URL('/api/application-images/email', window.location.origin)),
+	bustCache: () => bustImageCache(new URL('/api/application-images/email', window.location.origin))
+};
+
 export const cachedDefaultProfilePicture: CachableImage = {
 	getUrl: () =>
 		getCachedImageUrl(
--- a/frontend/src/routes/login/+page.svelte
+++ b/frontend/src/routes/login/+page.svelte
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 	import { getWebauthnErrorMessage } from '$lib/utils/error-util';
 	import { startAuthentication } from '@simplewebauthn/browser';
 	import { fade } from 'svelte/transition';
+	import { cn } from 'tailwind-variants';
 	import LoginLogoErrorSuccessIndicator from './components/login-logo-error-success-indicator.svelte';

 	let { data } = $props();
@@ -55,13 +56,18 @@
 			{m.authenticate_with_passkey_to_access_account()}
 		</p>
 	{/if}
-	<div class="mt-10 flex justify-center gap-3">
+	<div class="mt-10 flex justify-center gap-3 w-full max-w-[450px]">
 		{#if $appConfigStore.allowUserSignups === 'open'}
-			<Button variant="secondary" href="/signup">
+			<Button class="w-[50%]" variant="secondary" href="/signup">
 				{m.signup()}
 			</Button>
 		{/if}
-		<Button {isLoading} onclick={authenticate} autofocus={true}>
+		<Button
+			class={cn($appConfigStore.allowUserSignups === 'open' && 'w-[50%]')}
+			{isLoading}
+			onclick={authenticate}
+			autofocus={true}
+		>
 			{error ? m.try_again() : m.authenticate()}
 		</Button>
 	</div>
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Elias Schneider	f61c784988	feat: restrict oidc clients by user groups per default	2025-12-23 13:51:35 +01:00
Jenic Rycr	e358c433f0	feat: allow audit log retention to be controlled by env variable (#1158 )	2025-12-23 13:50:00 +01:00
Elias Schneider	08e4ffeb60	feat: minor redesign of auth pages	2025-12-22 21:36:23 +01:00
Elias Schneider	59ca6b26ac	feat: add ability define user groups for sign up tokens (#1155 )	2025-12-21 18:26:52 +01:00
Melvin Snijders	f5da11b99b	feat: add email logo customization (#1150 )	2025-12-17 16:20:22 +01:00
Elias Schneider	3eaf36aae7	fix: restrict email one time sign in token to same browser (#1144 )	2025-12-12 14:51:07 +01:00
Masahiro Ono	0a6ff6f84b	fix(translations): add Japanese locale to inlang settings (#1142 )	2025-12-10 16:43:31 +01:00
Elias Schneider	edb32d82b2	chore: fix type error after version bump	2025-12-10 16:41:59 +01:00
Elias Schneider	90f555f7c1	chore: upgrade dependencies	2025-12-10 16:13:24 +01:00
github-actions[bot]	177ada10ba	chore: update AAGUIDs (#1140 ) Co-authored-by: stonith404 <58886915+stonith404@users.noreply.github.com>	2025-12-07 19:41:51 -06:00
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				`ALTER TABLE one_time_access_tokens DROP COLUMN device_token;`
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				`ALTER TABLE one_time_access_tokens ADD COLUMN device_token VARCHAR(16);`