chore: version v2.4.1

* Fix email footer: add missing alt text to store badge images

* fix: apply consistent formatting using Prettier

---------

Co-authored-by: divulgacheur <contact@theopeltier.me>

cli/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@immich/cli",
-  "version": "2.2.104",
+  "version": "2.2.105",
   "description": "Command Line Interface (CLI) for Immich",
   "type": "module",
   "exports": "./dist/index.js",

docs/static/archived-versions.json

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 [
+  {
+    "label": "v2.4.1",
+    "url": "https://docs.v2.4.1.archive.immich.app"
+  },
   {
     "label": "v2.4.0",
     "url": "https://docs.v2.4.0.archive.immich.app"

e2e/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "immich-e2e",
-  "version": "2.4.0",
+  "version": "2.4.1",
   "description": "",
   "main": "index.js",
   "type": "module",

machine-learning/pyproject.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [project]
 name = "immich-ml"
-version = "2.4.0"
+version = "2.4.1"
 description = ""
 authors = [{ name = "Hau Tran", email = "alex.tran1502@gmail.com" }]
 requires-python = ">=3.10,<4.0"

mobile/android/fastlane/Fastfile

@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ platform :android do
       task: 'bundle', 
       build_type: 'Release',
       properties: {
-        "android.injected.version.code" => 3029,
+        "android.injected.version.code" => 3030,
-        "android.injected.version.name" => "2.4.0",
+        "android.injected.version.name" => "2.4.1",
       }
     )
     upload_to_play_store(skip_upload_apk: true, skip_upload_images: true, skip_upload_screenshots: true, aab: '../build/app/outputs/bundle/release/app-release.aab')

mobile/lib/domain/services/asset.service.dart

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import 'package:immich_mobile/infrastructure/repositories/local_asset.repository
 import 'package:immich_mobile/infrastructure/repositories/remote_asset.repository.dart';
 import 'package:immich_mobile/infrastructure/utils/exif.converter.dart';
 
+typedef _AssetVideoDimension = ({double? width, double? height, bool isFlipped});
+
 class AssetService {
   final RemoteAssetRepository _remoteAssetRepository;
   final DriftLocalAssetRepository _localAssetRepository;
@@ -58,44 +60,48 @@ class AssetService {
   }
 
   Future<double> getAspectRatio(BaseAsset asset) async {
-    bool isFlipped;
+    final dimension = asset is LocalAsset
-    double? width;
+        ? await _getLocalAssetDimensions(asset)
-    double? height;
+        : await _getRemoteAssetDimensions(asset as RemoteAsset);
 
-    if (asset.hasRemote) {
+    if (dimension.width == null || dimension.height == null || dimension.height == 0) {
-      final exif = await getExif(asset);
+      return 1.0;
-      isFlipped = ExifDtoConverter.isOrientationFlipped(exif?.orientation);
-      width = asset.width?.toDouble();
-      height = asset.height?.toDouble();
-    } else if (asset is LocalAsset) {
-      isFlipped = CurrentPlatform.isAndroid && (asset.orientation == 90 || asset.orientation == 270);
-      width = asset.width?.toDouble();
-      height = asset.height?.toDouble();
-    } else {
-      isFlipped = false;
     }
 
+    return dimension.isFlipped ? dimension.height! / dimension.width! : dimension.width! / dimension.height!;
+  }
+
+  Future<_AssetVideoDimension> _getLocalAssetDimensions(LocalAsset asset) async {
+    double? width = asset.width?.toDouble();
+    double? height = asset.height?.toDouble();
+    int orientation = asset.orientation;
+
     if (width == null || height == null) {
-      if (asset.hasRemote) {
+      final fetched = await _localAssetRepository.get(asset.id);
-        final id = asset is LocalAsset ? asset.remoteId! : (asset as RemoteAsset).id;
+      width = fetched?.width?.toDouble();
-        final remoteAsset = await _remoteAssetRepository.get(id);
+      height = fetched?.height?.toDouble();
-        width = remoteAsset?.width?.toDouble();
+      orientation = fetched?.orientation ?? 0;
-        height = remoteAsset?.height?.toDouble();
-      } else {
-        final id = asset is LocalAsset ? asset.id : (asset as RemoteAsset).localId!;
-        final localAsset = await _localAssetRepository.get(id);
-        width = localAsset?.width?.toDouble();
-        height = localAsset?.height?.toDouble();
-      }
     }
 
-    final orientedWidth = isFlipped ? height : width;
+    // On Android, local assets need orientation correction for 90°/270° rotations
-    final orientedHeight = isFlipped ? width : height;
+    // On iOS, the Photos framework pre-corrects dimensions
-    if (orientedWidth != null && orientedHeight != null && orientedHeight > 0) {
+    final isFlipped = CurrentPlatform.isAndroid && (orientation == 90 || orientation == 270);
-      return orientedWidth / orientedHeight;
+    return (width: width, height: height, isFlipped: isFlipped);
+  }
+
+  Future<_AssetVideoDimension> _getRemoteAssetDimensions(RemoteAsset asset) async {
+    double? width = asset.width?.toDouble();
+    double? height = asset.height?.toDouble();
+
+    if (width == null || height == null) {
+      final fetched = await _remoteAssetRepository.get(asset.id);
+      width = fetched?.width?.toDouble();
+      height = fetched?.height?.toDouble();
     }
 
-    return 1.0;
+    final exif = await getExif(asset);
+    final isFlipped = ExifDtoConverter.isOrientationFlipped(exif?.orientation);
+    return (width: width, height: height, isFlipped: isFlipped);
   }
 
   Future<List<(String, String)>> getPlaces(String userId) {

mobile/openapi/README.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ Immich API
 
 This Dart package is automatically generated by the [OpenAPI Generator](https://openapi-generator.tech) project:
 
-- API version: 2.4.0
+- API version: 2.4.1
 - Generator version: 7.8.0
 - Build package: org.openapitools.codegen.languages.DartClientCodegen
 

mobile/pubspec.yaml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name: immich_mobile
 description: Immich - selfhosted backup media file on mobile phone
 
 publish_to: 'none'
-version: 2.4.0+3029
+version: 2.4.1+3030
 
 environment:
   sdk: '>=3.8.0 <4.0.0'

mobile/test/domain/services/asset.service_test.dart

@@ -87,6 +87,25 @@ void main() {
       verify(() => mockLocalAssetRepository.get('local-1')).called(1);
     });
 
+    test('uses fetched asset orientation when dimensions are missing on Android', () async {
+      debugDefaultTargetPlatformOverride = TargetPlatform.android;
+      addTearDown(() => debugDefaultTargetPlatformOverride = null);
+
+      // Original asset has default orientation 0, but dimensions are missing
+      final localAsset = TestUtils.createLocalAsset(id: 'local-1', width: null, height: null, orientation: 0);
+
+      // Fetched asset has 90° orientation and proper dimensions
+      final fetchedAsset = TestUtils.createLocalAsset(id: 'local-1', width: 1920, height: 1080, orientation: 90);
+
+      when(() => mockLocalAssetRepository.get('local-1')).thenAnswer((_) async => fetchedAsset);
+
+      final result = await sut.getAspectRatio(localAsset);
+
+      // Should flip dimensions since fetched asset has 90° orientation
+      expect(result, 1080 / 1920);
+      verify(() => mockLocalAssetRepository.get('local-1')).called(1);
+    });
+
     test('returns 1.0 when dimensions are still unavailable after fetching', () async {
       final remoteAsset = TestUtils.createRemoteAsset(id: 'remote-1', width: null, height: null);
 
@@ -112,7 +131,9 @@ void main() {
       expect(result, 1.0);
     });
 
-    test('handles local asset with remoteId and uses exif from remote', () async {
+    test('handles local asset with remoteId using local orientation not remote exif', () async {
+      // When a LocalAsset has a remoteId (merged), we should use local orientation
+      // because the width/height come from the local asset (pre-corrected on iOS)
       final localAsset = TestUtils.createLocalAsset(
         id: 'local-1',
         remoteId: 'remote-1',
@@ -121,9 +142,24 @@ void main() {
         orientation: 0,
       );
 
-      final exif = const ExifInfo(orientation: '6');
+      final result = await sut.getAspectRatio(localAsset);
 
-      when(() => mockRemoteAssetRepository.getExif('remote-1')).thenAnswer((_) async => exif);
+      expect(result, 1920 / 1080);
+      // Should not call remote exif for LocalAsset
+      verifyNever(() => mockRemoteAssetRepository.getExif(any()));
+    });
+
+    test('handles local asset with remoteId and 90 degree rotation on Android', () async {
+      debugDefaultTargetPlatformOverride = TargetPlatform.android;
+      addTearDown(() => debugDefaultTargetPlatformOverride = null);
+
+      final localAsset = TestUtils.createLocalAsset(
+        id: 'local-1',
+        remoteId: 'remote-1',
+        width: 1920,
+        height: 1080,
+        orientation: 90,
+      );
 
       final result = await sut.getAspectRatio(localAsset);
 

open-api/immich-openapi-specs.json

@@ -14268,7 +14268,7 @@
   "info": {
     "title": "Immich",
     "description": "Immich API",
-    "version": "2.4.0",
+    "version": "2.4.1",
     "contact": {}
   },
   "tags": [

open-api/typescript-sdk/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@immich/sdk",
-  "version": "2.4.0",
+  "version": "2.4.1",
   "description": "Auto-generated TypeScript SDK for the Immich API",
   "type": "module",
   "main": "./build/index.js",

open-api/typescript-sdk/src/fetch-client.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * Immich
- * 2.4.0
+ * 2.4.1
  * DO NOT MODIFY - This file has been generated using oazapfts.
  * See https://www.npmjs.com/package/oazapfts
  */

server/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "immich",
-  "version": "2.4.0",
+  "version": "2.4.1",
   "description": "",
   "author": "",
   "private": true,

server/src/emails/components/footer.template.tsx

@@ -7,14 +7,22 @@ export const ImmichFooter = () => (
       <Column align="center" className="w-6/12 sm:w-full">
         <div>
           <Link href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=app.alextran.immich" className="object-contain">
-            <Img className="max-w-full" src={`https://immich.app/img/google-play-badge.png`} />
+            <Img
+              alt="Get it on Google Play"
+              className="max-w-full"
+              src={`https://immich.app/img/google-play-badge.png`}
+            />
           </Link>
         </div>
       </Column>
       <Column align="center" className="w-6/12 sm:w-full">
         <div className="h-full p-6">
           <Link href="https://apps.apple.com/sg/app/immich/id1613945652">
-            <Img src={`https://immich.app/img/ios-app-store-badge.png`} alt="Immich" className="max-w-full" />
+            <Img
+              alt="Download on the App Store"
+              className="max-w-full"
+              src={`https://immich.app/img/ios-app-store-badge.png`}
+            />
           </Link>
         </div>
       </Column>

server/src/services/asset.service.ts

@@ -144,14 +144,28 @@ export class AssetService extends BaseService {
     await this.requireAccess({ auth, permission: Permission.AssetUpdate, ids });
 
     const assetDto = _.omitBy({ isFavorite, visibility, duplicateId }, _.isUndefined);
-    const exifDto = _.omitBy({ latitude, longitude, rating, description, dateTimeOriginal }, _.isUndefined);
+    const exifDto = _.omitBy(
+      {
+        latitude,
+        longitude,
+        rating,
+        description,
+        dateTimeOriginal,
+      },
+      _.isUndefined,
+    );
+    const extractedTimeZone = dateTimeOriginal ? DateTime.fromISO(dateTimeOriginal, { setZone: true }).zone : undefined;
 
     if (Object.keys(exifDto).length > 0) {
       await this.assetRepository.updateAllExif(ids, exifDto);
     }
 
-    if ((dateTimeRelative !== undefined && dateTimeRelative !== 0) || timeZone !== undefined) {
+    if (
-      await this.assetRepository.updateDateTimeOriginal(ids, dateTimeRelative, timeZone);
+      (dateTimeRelative !== undefined && dateTimeRelative !== 0) ||
+      timeZone !== undefined ||
+      extractedTimeZone?.type === 'fixed'
+    ) {
+      await this.assetRepository.updateDateTimeOriginal(ids, dateTimeRelative, timeZone ?? extractedTimeZone?.name);
     }
 
     if (Object.keys(assetDto).length > 0) {
@@ -436,7 +450,19 @@ export class AssetService extends BaseService {
     rating?: number;
   }) {
     const { id, description, dateTimeOriginal, latitude, longitude, rating } = dto;
-    const writes = _.omitBy({ description, dateTimeOriginal, latitude, longitude, rating }, _.isUndefined);
+    const extractedTimeZone = dateTimeOriginal ? DateTime.fromISO(dateTimeOriginal, { setZone: true }).zone : undefined;
+    const writes = _.omitBy(
+      {
+        description,
+        dateTimeOriginal,
+        timeZone: extractedTimeZone?.type === 'fixed' ? extractedTimeZone.name : undefined,
+        latitude,
+        longitude,
+        rating,
+      },
+      _.isUndefined,
+    );
+
     if (Object.keys(writes).length > 0) {
       await this.assetRepository.upsertExif(
         updateLockedColumns({

server/test/medium/specs/services/asset.service.spec.ts

@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ describe(AssetService.name, () => {
           .where('assetId', '=', asset.id)
           .executeTakeFirstOrThrow(),
       ).resolves.toEqual({ lockedProperties: null });
-      await sut.update(auth, asset.id, { dateTimeOriginal: '2023-11-19T18:11:00.000-07:00' });
+      await sut.update(auth, asset.id, { dateTimeOriginal: '2023-11-19T18:11:00' });
 
       await expect(
         ctx.database
@@ -296,7 +296,38 @@ describe(AssetService.name, () => {
       ).resolves.toEqual({ lockedProperties: ['dateTimeOriginal'] });
       await expect(ctx.get(AssetRepository).getById(asset.id, { exifInfo: true })).resolves.toEqual(
         expect.objectContaining({
-          exifInfo: expect.objectContaining({ dateTimeOriginal: '2023-11-20T01:11:00+00:00' }),
+          exifInfo: expect.objectContaining({ dateTimeOriginal: '2023-11-19T18:11:00+00:00', timeZone: null }),
+        }),
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should update dateTimeOriginal with time zone', async () => {
+      const { sut, ctx } = setup();
+      ctx.getMock(JobRepository).queue.mockResolvedValue();
+      const { user } = await ctx.newUser();
+      const auth = factory.auth({ user });
+      const { asset } = await ctx.newAsset({ ownerId: user.id });
+      await ctx.newExif({ assetId: asset.id, description: 'test' });
+
+      await expect(
+        ctx.database
+          .selectFrom('asset_exif')
+          .select('lockedProperties')
+          .where('assetId', '=', asset.id)
+          .executeTakeFirstOrThrow(),
+      ).resolves.toEqual({ lockedProperties: null });
+      await sut.update(auth, asset.id, { dateTimeOriginal: '2023-11-19T18:11:00.000-07:00' });
+
+      await expect(
+        ctx.database
+          .selectFrom('asset_exif')
+          .select('lockedProperties')
+          .where('assetId', '=', asset.id)
+          .executeTakeFirstOrThrow(),
+      ).resolves.toEqual({ lockedProperties: ['timeZone', 'dateTimeOriginal'] });
+      await expect(ctx.get(AssetRepository).getById(asset.id, { exifInfo: true })).resolves.toEqual(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          exifInfo: expect.objectContaining({ dateTimeOriginal: '2023-11-20T01:11:00+00:00', timeZone: 'UTC-7' }),
         }),
       );
     });
@@ -329,4 +360,65 @@ describe(AssetService.name, () => {
       );
     });
   });
+
+  it('should update dateTimeOriginal', async () => {
+    const { sut, ctx } = setup();
+    ctx.getMock(JobRepository).queueAll.mockResolvedValue();
+    const { user } = await ctx.newUser();
+    const auth = factory.auth({ user });
+    const { asset } = await ctx.newAsset({ ownerId: user.id });
+    await ctx.newExif({ assetId: asset.id, description: 'test' });
+
+    await expect(
+      ctx.database
+        .selectFrom('asset_exif')
+        .select('lockedProperties')
+        .where('assetId', '=', asset.id)
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow(),
+    ).resolves.toEqual({ lockedProperties: null });
+    await sut.updateAll(auth, { ids: [asset.id], dateTimeOriginal: '2023-11-19T18:11:00' });
+
+    await expect(
+      ctx.database
+        .selectFrom('asset_exif')
+        .select('lockedProperties')
+        .where('assetId', '=', asset.id)
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow(),
+    ).resolves.toEqual({ lockedProperties: ['dateTimeOriginal'] });
+    await expect(ctx.get(AssetRepository).getById(asset.id, { exifInfo: true })).resolves.toEqual(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        exifInfo: expect.objectContaining({ dateTimeOriginal: '2023-11-19T18:11:00+00:00', timeZone: null }),
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should update dateTimeOriginal with time zone', async () => {
+    const { sut, ctx } = setup();
+    ctx.getMock(JobRepository).queueAll.mockResolvedValue();
+    const { user } = await ctx.newUser();
+    const auth = factory.auth({ user });
+    const { asset } = await ctx.newAsset({ ownerId: user.id });
+    await ctx.newExif({ assetId: asset.id, description: 'test' });
+
+    await expect(
+      ctx.database
+        .selectFrom('asset_exif')
+        .select('lockedProperties')
+        .where('assetId', '=', asset.id)
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow(),
+    ).resolves.toEqual({ lockedProperties: null });
+    await sut.updateAll(auth, { ids: [asset.id], dateTimeOriginal: '2023-11-19T18:11:00.000-07:00' });
+    await expect(
+      ctx.database
+        .selectFrom('asset_exif')
+        .select('lockedProperties')
+        .where('assetId', '=', asset.id)
+        .executeTakeFirstOrThrow(),
+    ).resolves.toEqual({ lockedProperties: ['timeZone', 'dateTimeOriginal'] });
+    await expect(ctx.get(AssetRepository).getById(asset.id, { exifInfo: true })).resolves.toEqual(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        exifInfo: expect.objectContaining({ dateTimeOriginal: '2023-11-20T01:11:00+00:00', timeZone: 'UTC-7' }),
+      }),
+    );
+  });
 });

web/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "immich-web",
-  "version": "2.4.0",
+  "version": "2.4.1",
   "license": "GNU Affero General Public License version 3",
   "type": "module",
   "scripts": {

web/src/lib/components/shared-components/search-bar/search-bar.svelte

@@ -308,18 +308,6 @@
       />
     </div>
 
-    <div class="absolute inset-y-0 {showClearIcon ? 'end-14' : 'end-2'} flex items-center ps-6 transition-all">
-      <IconButton
-        aria-label={$t('show_search_options')}
-        shape="round"
-        icon={mdiTune}
-        onclick={onFilterClick}
-        size="medium"
-        color="secondary"
-        variant="ghost"
-      />
-    </div>
-
     {#if searchStore.isSearchEnabled}
       <div
         id={searchTypeId}
@@ -327,7 +315,7 @@
         class:max-md:hidden={value}
         class:end-28={value.length > 0}
       >
-        <div class="relative">
+        <div class="relative" use:focusOutside={{ onFocusOut: closeSearchTypeDropdown }}>
           <Button
             class="bg-immich-primary text-white dark:bg-immich-dark-primary/90 dark:text-black/75 rounded-full px-3 py-1 text-xs hover:opacity-80 transition-opacity cursor-pointer"
             onclick={toggleSearchTypeDropdown}
@@ -340,11 +328,11 @@
           {#if showSearchTypeDropdown}
             <div
               class="absolute top-full right-0 mt-1 bg-white dark:bg-immich-dark-gray border border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-600 rounded-lg shadow-lg py-1 min-w-32 z-9999"
-              use:focusOutside={{ onFocusOut: closeSearchTypeDropdown }}
             >
               {#each searchTypes as searchType (searchType.value)}
                 <button
                   type="button"
+                  tabindex="0"
                   class="w-full text-left px-3 py-2 text-xs hover:bg-gray-100 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 transition-colors
                          {currentSearchType === searchType.value ? 'bg-gray-100 dark:bg-gray-700' : ''}"
                   onclick={() => selectSearchType(searchType.value)}
@@ -358,6 +346,18 @@
       </div>
     {/if}
 
+    <div class="absolute inset-y-0 {showClearIcon ? 'end-14' : 'end-2'} flex items-center ps-6 transition-all">
+      <IconButton
+        aria-label={$t('show_search_options')}
+        shape="round"
+        icon={mdiTune}
+        onclick={onFilterClick}
+        size="medium"
+        color="secondary"
+        variant="ghost"
+      />
+    </div>
+
     {#if showClearIcon}
       <div class="absolute inset-y-0 end-0 flex items-center pe-2">
         <IconButton

web/src/lib/modals/ApiKeySecretModal.svelte

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 <Modal title={$t('api_key')} icon={mdiKeyVariant} {onClose} size="small">
   <ModalBody>
     <Text size="small" class="mb-4">{$t('api_key_description')}</Text>
-    <Textarea bind:value={secret} readonly />
+    <Textarea bind:value={secret} readonly class="font-mono" />
   </ModalBody>
 
   <ModalFooter>

web/src/lib/modals/AssetSelectionChangeDateModal.spec.ts

@@ -71,6 +71,34 @@ describe('DateSelectionModal component', () => {
     expect(onClose).toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
+  test('does not fall back to UTC when datetime-local value has no seconds', async () => {
+    render(AssetSelectionChangeDateModal, {
+      props: { initialDate, initialTimeZone, assets: [], onClose },
+    });
+
+    await fireEvent.input(getDateInput(), { target: { value: '2024-01-01T00:00' } });
+    await fireEvent.blur(getDateInput());
+
+    expect(getTimeZoneInput().value).toBe('Europe/Berlin (+01:00)');
+
+    await fireEvent.focus(getTimeZoneInput());
+    expect(screen.queryByText('no_results')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+
+  test('does not fall back to UTC when datetime-local value has no milliseconds', async () => {
+    render(AssetSelectionChangeDateModal, {
+      props: { initialDate, initialTimeZone, assets: [], onClose },
+    });
+
+    await fireEvent.input(getDateInput(), { target: { value: '2024-01-01T00:00:00' } });
+    await fireEvent.blur(getDateInput());
+
+    expect(getTimeZoneInput().value).toBe('Europe/Berlin (+01:00)');
+
+    await fireEvent.focus(getTimeZoneInput());
+    expect(screen.queryByText('no_results')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+
   describe('when date is in daylight saving time', () => {
     const dstDate = DateTime.fromISO('2024-07-01');
 

web/src/lib/modals/timezone-utils.ts

@@ -75,8 +75,15 @@ function zoneOptionForDate(zone: string, date: string) {
   // Ignore milliseconds:
   // - milliseconds are not relevant for TZ calculations
   // - browsers strip insignificant .000 making string comparison with milliseconds more fragile.
+  //
+  // Also, some browsers emit `datetime-local` values without seconds when seconds are 00,
+  // e.g. `2024-01-01T00:00` instead of `2024-01-01T00:00:00.000`.
+  // In that case we must compare with minute precision (otherwise every zone looks "invalid").
   const dateInTimezone = DateTime.fromISO(date, { zone });
-  const exists = date.replace(/\.\d+/, '') === dateInTimezone.toFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss");
+  const withoutMillis = date.replace(/\.\d+/, '');
+  const hasSeconds = /T\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}$/.test(withoutMillis);
+  const compareFormat = hasSeconds ? "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss" : "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm";
+  const exists = withoutMillis === dateInTimezone.toFormat(compareFormat);
   const valid = dateInTimezone.isValid && exists;
   return {
     value: zone,