fix: various actions workflow security improvements (#17651)

* fix: set persist-credentials explicitly for checkout

https://woodruffw.github.io/zizmor/audits/#artipacked

* fix: minimize permissions scope for workflows

https://woodruffw.github.io/zizmor/audits/#excessive-permissions

* fix: remove potential template injections

https://woodruffw.github.io/zizmor/audits/#template-injection

* fix: only pass needed secrets in workflow_call

https://woodruffw.github.io/zizmor/audits/#secrets-inherit

* fix: push perm for single-arch build jobs

I hadn't realised these push to the registry too :x

* chore: fix formatting

* fix: $

* fix: retag job quoting

---------

Co-authored-by: github-actions <41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

.github/workflows/cli.yml

@@ -16,19 +16,23 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
-permissions:
-  packages: write
+permissions: {}
 
 jobs:
   publish:
     name: CLI Publish
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
     defaults:
       run:
         working-directory: ./cli
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
       # Setup .npmrc file to publish to npm
       - uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4
         with:
@@ -48,11 +52,16 @@ jobs:
   docker:
     name: Docker
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      packages: write
     needs: publish
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
         uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@29109295f81e9208d7d86ff1c6c12d2833863392 # v3.6.0